Morphological analysis adj. example. How to do and what is morphological analysis of a word

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

Rank by value

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);

b) non-permanent:

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Genus (singular number),

Case (for complete ones).

3. Syntactic role in the sentence.

TO comment for analysis.

The adjective is written out from the text in the form in which it appears. If an adjective modifies a noun with a preposition (in big house), It would be a mistake to write down the adjective together with the preposition, since the preposition is a component of the prepositional case form of the noun and does not belong to the adjective.

It must be remembered that an adjective can have a compound form (for example, taller, least comfortable). In this case, all components of the form are written out.

The initial form of the adjective is the masculine singular form for adjectives that have a full form, and the masculine singular form for adjectives that have only a short form.

The constant features of an adjective are its belonging to a certain category in meaning (qualitative, relative or possessive) and its declension. The definition of adjective declension is not accepted in school grammar. The definition of rank by meaning is made for the meaning in which the adjective is used in the text.

Some qualitative adjectives, as already mentioned, do not have degrees of comparison and/or a short form. In this case, completeness/brevity should be placed in permanent attributes.

A positive degree of comparison can also be a constant feature (that is, a qualitative adjective may not change in degrees of comparison, for example the word special), however, in the textbooks of all three complexes, degrees of comparison of adjectives are indicated only if the adjective is in the comparative or superlative degree, and no indication of the positive degree of comparison is made. This approach has the disadvantage that it does not allow an adjective in the positive degree of comparison to indicate whether this form is a constant or inconstant feature.

The invariability of indeclinable adjectives is their constant feature. Invariable adjectives have no inconstant features.

The inconstant features of an adjective are number, gender (singular), and case. For most qualitative adjectives, non-constant features are also completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison.

It must be remembered that only complete adjectives have a case marker.

If the adjective is in the form of a simple comparative degree, then it is not characterized in terms of completeness / brevity and does not have signs of gender, number and case.

When analyzing, we must not forget that the object of the morphological description is the word in its specific meaning. Different meanings of one word (its lexico-grammatical variants) may have different morphological features. In an adjective, this difference can manifest itself primarily in relation to the signs of completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison. So, adjective alive as an antonym for the word dead changes in completeness/brevity, but does not change in degrees of comparison, that is, it has a constant sign of a positive degree of comparison, alive in the meaning of “movable,” on the contrary, it does not have a short form, but varies according to degrees of comparison.

The word is subject to morphological analysis in the meaning in which it is used in the text.

ABOUT good man morphological analysis of the adjective.

And indeed, she was beautiful: tall, thin, eyes black, like those of a mountain chamois, and looked into your soul(M. Yu. Lermontov).

good- adjective, initial form - good (in this meaning);

constant signs: qualitative, brief;

inconsistent signs: positive degree of comparison, units. number, female genus;

syntactic role: part of the predicate.

High- adjective, initial form - high;

Morphological analysis of the adjective allows us to determine the unstable and permanent features of this part of speech and to identify its syntactic role in the sentence. For a better understanding of the topic, the article provides examples.

What is morphological analysis of an adjective?

Morphological analysis of an adjective as a part of speech is a complete grammatical and lexical-syntactic characteristic of a word. During morphological analysis, the constant and non-constant characteristics of the adjective are determined, as well as its syntactic role in the sentence.

Morphological analysis of adjectives and analysis of adjectives by composition are studied in grades 4-5.

The order of morphological analysis of adjectives

  1. 1. Part of speech, general grammatical meaning, what question the word being analyzed answers.
  2. 2. Initial form(masculine singular form in the nominative case). Morphological characteristics:
    1. 2.1. Constant signs
      • Class by meaning (qualitative, relative, possessive).
      • Full or short form (for qualitative adjectives that have only a short or only a long form).
    2. 2.2. Variable signs
      • Full or short form (for quality);
      • Degree of comparison (positive, comparative, superlative) (for qualitative);
      • Number (singular, plural);
      • Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter).
      • Case – only for complete adjectives.
  3. 3. Syntactic role of the adjective(which part of the sentence is the adjective).

Examples of morphological analysis of adjectives

As an example, we will conduct a full morphological analysis of the adjectives used in the sentence:
« Pine there was a forest quiet, only heard from afar avian trills."

Pine

  1. 1. Pine – an adjective that means a characteristic of an object. Which?
  2. 2. The initial form is pine.
    1. 2.1. Constant sign: relative;
    2. 2.2. Variable signs: units. number, m. gender, I. p.
  3. 3. Definition.

Quiet

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  1. 1. Quiet is an adjective that means a characteristic of an object. What?
  2. 2. Initial form – quiet.
    1. 2.1. Constant sign: quality;
    2. 2.2. Non-constant signs: short form, positive degree of comparison, units. number, m.
  3. 3. The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.

Avian

  1. 1. Avian - an adjective that means a characteristic of an object. Whose?
  2. 2. The initial form is birdlike.
    1. 2.1. Constant sign: possessive;
    2. 2.2. Variable signs: many. number, I. p.
  3. 3. Definition.

Enter the word without errors:

Enter any word, then click "parse". After this, you will receive an analysis in which the part of speech, case, gender, tense and everything else will be written. Because Since the parsing is carried out out of context, several parsing options may be offered, among which you will need to choose the correct one. The parsing is performed automatically by the computer, so sometimes there may be errors. Be careful, online analysis is intended to help, and not for thoughtless rewriting. Note about the letter Yo: do not replace it with E.

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In order not to experience difficulties in the scheme morphological analysis words or in the order of parsing, you should not automatically remember the sequence and principle of parsing. It is most effective to focus on identifying the general features of parts of speech, and then move on to the specific features of this form. At the same time, the general parsing logic must be preserved. Parts of speech will also help you.

The following examples of morphological parsing will help you understand the pattern of parsing words in a sentence in the Russian language. However, it should be remembered that the presence of text is a prerequisite for correct parsing of parts of speech, because morphological parsing is a characteristic of a word (as a part of speech), taking into account the specifics of its use.

Let's consider examples morphological analysis.

Morphological analysis of a noun

  1. initial form (in the nominative case, singular);
  2. proper or common noun;
  3. animate or inanimate;
  4. declination
  5. number;
  6. case;
  7. role in the sentence.

Noun(sample parsing):
Text: Babies love to drink milk.
Milk – noun, initial form – milk, common noun, inanimate, neuter, 2nd declension, accusative case, singular (no plural), direct object.

Adjective parsing plan

  1. initial form – infinitive (nominative case, singular);
  2. category (qualitative, relative or possessive);
  3. short or complete (only about qualitative);
  4. degree of comparison (qualitative only);
  5. gender (singular only);
  6. case;
  7. number;
  8. role in the sentence.

Adjective(sample parsing):
Text: Alyonushka collected a basket full of mushrooms.
Full – adjective, initial form – complete; qualitative: complete; in the positive (zero) degree of comparison, in the neuter gender, accusative case, is an object.

Numeral(order of parsing):

  1. initial form (nominative case for quantitative, nominative case, singular, masculine for ordinal);
  2. rank by value (quantitative, ordinal);
  3. category by composition (simple, complex, composite);
  4. case;
  5. gender and number (for ordinal and some quantitative ones);
  6. role in the sentence.

Numeral (sample parsing):
Text: Four days have flown by.
Four is a numeral, the initial form is four, quantitative, simple, in the nominative case, has no number and gender, is the subject.

Pronoun(order of parsing):

  1. initial form (nominative case, singular, if modified by number and gender);
  2. rank by value;
  3. gender (if any);
  4. case
  5. number (if any);
  6. role in the sentence.

Pronoun (sample parsing):
Text: Crystal raindrops dripped from her.
She - pronoun, initial form - she, personal, 3rd person, feminine, genitive case, singular, adverbial place.

Morphological analysis of the verb

  1. infinitive (initial form);
  2. returnable or non-returnable;
  3. transitive or intransitive;
  4. conjugation;
  5. mood;
  6. tense (for the indicative mood);
  7. person (for present, future and imperative);
  8. gender (for the past tense and conditional mood in the singular);
  9. number;
  10. role in the sentence.

Verb (parsing example):
Text: They told the truth without fear of condemnation.
They said - verb, initial form - say, irrevocative, intransitive, perfective, 1st conjugation, in the indicative mood, past tense, plural, is a predicate.

Participle(order of parsing):

  1. initial form (nominative case, singular, masculine);
  2. infinitive;
  3. time;
  4. returnable or non-returnable (for valid);
  5. transitive or intransitive (for active);
  6. full or short (for the passive);
  7. gender (for singular);
  8. case;
  9. number;
  10. role in the sentence.

Participle (sample parsing):
Text: I look at the falling leaves and feel sad.
Falling - participle, initial form - falling, from the verb to fall, imperfect form, present tense, irreversible, intransitive, feminine, accusative, singular, agreed definition.

Participle(order of parsing):

  1. verb from which it is derived;
  2. returnable or non-returnable;
  3. transitive or intransitive;
  4. role in the sentence.

Participle (sample of parsing):

Text: When you go abroad, you feel sad about home.
Leaving – gerund, from the verb “to leave”, imperfect form, irrevocable, intransitive, adverbial manner of action.

Adverb(order of parsing):

  1. category by meaning (attributive or adverbial);
  2. degree of comparison (if any).

Adverb (parsing example):
Text: The sun rose higher and the clouds cleared.
Above is an adverb, adverbial of place, is an adverbial of place, comparative degree.

Video

Something is not clear? There is a good video on the topic for adjectives:

The order of analysis in your class may differ from the proposed one, so we advise you to check with your teacher about the requirements for analysis.

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The name of an adjective is its full grammatical characteristics as a part of speech. The analysis is carried out only on those adjectives that are presented in a specific sentence, because It is impossible to correctly analyze a word out of context.

To perform morphological analysis of an adjective, you need to know:

What morphological features does it have?

Which of them are constant, unchangeable and characteristic of all adjectives in general;

Which of the features are unstable, changeable and characteristic of a given form of the word;

Invisible (life) - adj.

1. Life (what?) invisible. N. f. - invisible.

2. Constant: relative. Variable: full form, T.p., units, f.r.

3. (Which one?) Invisible.

Winter (forest) - adj.

1. Forest (what?) winter. N. f. - winter.

2. Constant: relative. Variable: full form, I. p., units h., m.r.

3. (Which one?) winter.

Sample oral debriefing

Invisible (life) - adjective.

Firstly, it names the attribute of the object: life (what?) invisible. The initial form is invisible.

Secondly, a constant morphological feature is razrad - a relative adjective. Inconstant characters: full form, instrumental case, feminine and singular.

Winter (forest) is an adjective.

Firstly, it names the attribute of the object: forest (what?) winter. The initial form is winter.

Secondly, the constant morphological feature is rank - a relative adjective. Inconstant characters: full form, nominative case, masculine and singular.

Thirdly, it acts as a definition in the sentence.