Can an ovarian cyst burst? symptoms. Signs and causes of rupture of a cystic neoplasm

A cyst is a cavity filled with fluid. This element is benign in nature and is not considered dangerous. A functional cyst goes away on its own, without drug intervention. But under the influence of external and internal factors, the element grows rapidly, which leads to rupture of the cavity. The woman is indicated for emergency surgical intervention, since such a lack of medical assistance leads to serious complications leading to the death of the patient.

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General information

An ovarian cyst is a cavity consisting of glandular cells and containing serous fluid inside. A benign element is formed on the surface or inside the ovary.

A cystic neoplasm does not require urgent medical attention and goes through several cycles. One of the varieties of follicular cysts is an element of the corpus luteum, which is not life-threatening, but resolves after a few months if there has been no fertile conception.

Ovarian cyst

If the formation does not bother the patient, you should not refuse to be examined by a doctor. The doctor will assess the growth dynamics of the tumor and, if necessary, begin drug treatment.

Causes

A doctor can determine whether a cyst can burst or not by studying the dynamics of the element’s growth. If help is not provided to the woman, and the cavity grows rapidly, then the condition leads to rupture of the ovary. This happens due to mechanical trauma.

Predisposing factors leading toto the rapid growth of the cyst:

hormonal disbalance;
irregular menstruation;
excess weight;
diabetes;
pathologies of the genitourinary system;
abortions;
obstruction of the fallopian tubes;
scraping.

Only cysts with thin walls rupture. A woman herself can provoke a rupture of the element: by lifting weights or performing excessively active physical exercises.

Causes of rupture of cystic formation:

blows, injuries;
sexual activity;
surgical intervention;
hormonal disbalance;
torsion of the cyst pedicle;
blood clotting disorder.

Ovarian cyst in newborns

During prenatal development, girls begin to develop eggs. Under the influence of external and internal factors (infections of the mother during gestation, bad habits, poor environment and others), a cyst appears on the ovary. But the seal does not break, but goes away by birth or in the first months of life.

Clinical signs

The clinical manifestations of a ruptured cyst on a woman’s appendages are pronounced. The first and main symptom is acute pain that cannot be relieved with painkillers. It intensifies during physical activity. To reduce discomfort, a woman tries to take a characteristic pose: her legs are bent at the knees, pulled towards her stomach. During palpation, the pain in the area where the rupture is located intensifies.

Gapoccurs in several stages:

1. Blood pressure decreases, dizziness, general weakness, and loose stools occur.
2. Abdominal bloating appears without clear localization.
3. There is pain that radiates to the thigh and anus.
4. A symptom of peritoneal irritation appears.
5. Upon palpation, the doctor diagnoses dullness of percussion sound.

All symptoms indicate the need for immediate medical attention.

Characteristic signs of cyst rupture:

Symptom	Description
Discharge	The discharge is mucous and contains streaks of blood. The patient should pay attention not only to the consistency of the mucus, but also to the smell. When the cystic formation ruptures, there is no unpleasant odor, the patient is not bothered by itching, burning and other symptoms. If purulent inflammation develops, women secrete yellow-brown mucus
Intoxication	Rupture always occurs with characteristic signs of intoxication: 1. The temperature rises, the thermometer shows 40 degrees and above, and is not affected by medications. Convulsions are possible. 2. The patient becomes weak, her general condition worsens, nausea and vomiting appear. 3. A woman is thirsty due to dryness of the oral mucosa
Lower blood pressure	Blood pressure decreases, characteristic signs appear: tachycardia or increased heart rate; decreased heart rate; paleness of the skin or its blueness; dizziness, disorientation in space. In severe cases, the pressure decreases greatly, the patient develops hallucinations and loss of consciousness
Signs of disorders in the digestive system	After a cyst ruptures with purulent or serous contents, fluid enters the abdominal cavity, which causes bloating. The patient's abdomen is tight and painful. It is difficult to diagnose such a sign in obese patients, but the doctor determines the tension of the peritoneum during palpation. Other signs of gastrointestinal disorder are mild: pain in the epigastric region; fermentation of gases; loose stools; irritable bowel symptoms. Digestive disorders are considered in conjunction with other manifestations

The first signs of cyst rupture

The first symptoms appear several hours before the cyst ruptures. Harbingers:

pain in the pelvic area, aggravated by exercise;
bloating of the peritoneum;
general weakness;
fever;
nausea.

Ovarian cyst rupture

The pain is nagging and increases as inflammation develops. If a woman consults a doctor at this stage, then serious complications can be avoided.

After a successful conception of a child, a woman may develop a corpus luteum cyst, which goes away on its own without medical intervention. This type of neoplasm does not require any treatment; pregnancy proceeds normally and without deviations. During gestation, formations grow to enormous sizes in rare cases. If the cavity of the cystic neoplasm bursts, the pregnant woman needs to immediately consult a doctor to avoid miscarriage.

Complications

If a woman’s ovarian cyst bursts and she does not see a doctor, then the neoplasm degenerates into a malignant form. If the rupture has a negative impact on the genitourinary system, doctors decide to remove the tumor along with part of the genital organs.

A burst cyst leads to serious consequences:

intraperitoneal hemorrhage;
hemorrhagic shock;
purulent inflammation of the peritoneum;
acute pain in the abdomen;
intraperitoneal fibrosis and calcification;
death.

Therapy

Treatment for cyst rupture in women can only be surgical. After diagnosis, the doctor removes the pathological formation and nearby tissues using a special device. If necessary, partial or complete excision of the woman's genital organs is performed.

Two methods are used as an operation:

Operation	Description	Complications	Photo
Laparoscopy	The lesion is removed using a laparoscope or endoscopic device, which is a thin tube with an optical device at the end. The cavity is removed through a 1.5-2 cm incision	Complications can only be associated with the anesthetic drug. If the cyst is not completely removed, inflammation may recur.
Laparotomy	Surgery is performed using a scalpel. The element is removed through an incision made in the abdomen. After the intervention, the woman receives stitches	Complications (wound infection, cyst recurrence) develop in 20-25% of cases. This is due to the health status of a woman who has chronic diseases

It is impossible to cope with a ruptured cavity at home. Until the doctors arrive, the woman should be in a lying position. Doctors prohibit taking painkillers before the examination. This is a necessary measure; this is the only way the doctor will be able to differentiate the pathology from other diseases of the genitourinary system. Taking analgesics alleviates symptoms, so making a diagnosis is difficult.

1 year ago

According to statistics, ovarian cysts can appear in women of different age categories. This neoplasm is benign, but it must be treated, and in some cases, surgically removed. What to do if an ovarian cyst bursts? We will describe the consequences of the disease in today's article.

The ovaries are one of the paired organs that perform the most important function in the reproductive system of the female body. They are responsible for the production of hormones, and the egg matures in them.

If fertilization does not occur, a corpus luteum is formed. It must mature. When this does not happen, a cyst appears. This neoplasm is a ball filled with liquid. Today we will discuss why an ovarian cyst can rupture, the symptoms and consequences of this pathology.

Important! In most cases, in the initial stages, a woman does not even suspect that a cyst has formed in the ovary. This can be seen during a gynecological examination or ultrasound examination. That is why it is so important to undergo preventive examinations with a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Looking for a reason

As experts say, cysts periodically appear in a woman’s body. But such neoplasms do not manifest themselves in any way, do not pose any danger, and even resolve over time. The same cannot be said about an ovarian cyst. The only exception is follicular, which, with conservative treatment, can disappear without surgery after three months.

The formation of a cyst can be caused by the following reasons:

ailments of a gynecological nature;
delivery;
abortions;
termination of pregnancy not related to abortion;
stressful situations;
disturbed psycho-emotional state;
hormonal imbalance;
prolonged depression.

Cysts can progress in different ways. Some do not reveal themselves for a long time, others quickly increase in size, fill with liquid and, as a result, burst.

A tumor cannot just burst. The doctor must find out the cause or factor that caused the rupture of the cyst. These include:

active sex;
inflammatory processes occurring in the ovaries;
disturbance of hormone concentrations;
lifting heavy loads;
grueling physical activity;
bleeding disorder;
severe hypothermia;
progression of diseases of the genitourinary system;
infectious processes.

Diagnosis of a cyst: what to do?

If doctors, upon examination, have identified a neoplasm such as a cyst, there is no need to despair. Remember that it is benign and can be treated with conservative methods or through surgery.

To eliminate the possibility of cyst rupture, you need to follow simple rules:

take medications in the quantity and according to the schedule prescribed by the obstetrician-gynecologist;
limit the number of sexual acts;
avoid intense physical activity and heavy lifting;
avoid stressful situations, depression and psycho-emotional shocks.

Important! Such a diagnosis should not be compared with a sentence. It’s just that a woman needs to monitor her health more closely, visit a gynecologist monthly and do ultrasound diagnostics.

In medical practice, the rupture of the described neoplasm is called apoplexy. To prevent the development of complicated consequences, it is important to listen to your body’s signals in time and call emergency help.

Cyst rupture is accompanied by the following symptoms:

attacks of nausea;
gag reflexes;
rapid heartbeat;
increased body temperature;
acute pain syndrome in the lower abdominal segment;
feverish condition;
reduced blood pressure;
bleeding.

Important! In case of sharp unbearable pain and the appearance of bloody discharge from the vaginal passage, you should immediately call an ambulance. If there is a rupture of the neoplasm of the corpus luteum, then this is an absolute indication for surgical intervention.

Treatment of a burst tumor depends on its type and the clinical picture of the disease. One of two directions can be chosen:

medicinal;
surgical.

Conservative treatment methods include taking pharmacological drugs of the hormonal type, multivitamin complexes, as well as agents with anti-inflammatory properties.

Important! If a doctor diagnoses the presence of a malignant neoplasm in the ovary, then hormonal therapy is strictly contraindicated.

In some cases, gynecologists treat a burst cyst only through surgery. Today, laparoscopy and laparotomy are considered popular methods of surgical intervention.

Important! Laparoscopy is an absolutely safe method of cyst removal. The neoplasm is removed through small incisions on the walls of the peritoneum. Laparotomy is indicated in complicated cases. Then the patient can have the cyst with part of the ovary removed. In some cases, the ovary in which the cyst has formed is completely removed.

Surgery is contraindicated in the presence of the following ailments and pathological conditions:

kidney diseases;
dysfunction of the cardiovascular system;
severe anemia;
infectious processes in the progression stage.

The consequences of a ruptured cyst can be practically harmless or, on the contrary, very serious. If a cyst bursts, the fluid contained in it will leak out. The result will be intoxication of the body. In some cases, rupture of a tumor can lead to gynecological ailments, infertility, or organ removal.

As already mentioned, cysts may not reveal themselves for a long time. They seem to be hiding in the ovary, since there are no symptoms. It is due to the lack of timely diagnosis and treatment that in most medical cases, cyst rupture occurs.

Women diagnosed with ovarian cysts need to be very careful. It is known that the disease does not cause severe pain or discomfort, but, nevertheless, can cause serious complications. Some types of neoplasms resolve on their own and do not require intervention, while others increase in size and burst.

Causes of ovarian cyst rupture in women

Functional neoplasms with thinner capsule walls burst more often. Women themselves can provoke rupture of the corpus luteum cyst of the ovary, for example, by lifting weights or performing excessive physical activity. Complications are caused by blows, injuries in the groin area, and sexual activity. Other reasons that provoke rupture of the follicular cyst and corpus luteum:

surgery;
hormonal imbalance;
various inflammations in the genitals;
torsion of the pedicle of the neoplasm;
blood clotting disorder.

Symptoms of a cyst rupture

When a formation bursts, the symptoms in girls may be different depending on what type of tumor ruptured and on what day of the menstrual cycle it happened. According to medical observations, before rupture, patients experience aching, dull pain in the lower abdomen and severe discomfort. After the formation bursts, symptoms of a violation of its integrity appear immediately. The main ones:

Severe, often sharp pain in the area of the bursting. After some time, the unpleasant sensations cease to be localized in one place and cover the entire abdomen.
High fever that cannot be brought down with pills.
Signs of intoxication (vomiting, bowel dysfunction, nausea).
Vaginal discharge, sometimes with blood.
General malaise, weakness.
Paleness of the skin on the face.
Fall in blood pressure.
Bloating.
Loss of consciousness.

What to do if an ovarian cyst bursts

After the cyst ruptures, fluid enters the abdominal cavity, which is very dangerous for patients. If left untreated, peritonitis and infection may develop. The situation is critical - as soon as the cystic ovarian formation bursts, the first symptoms and bleeding appear, it is necessary to call an ambulance for emergency assistance. Doctors will conduct an examination (laparoscopy, ultrasound) and, having received confirmation of the diagnosis, will perform an operation.

What is it? First, an incision is made in the peritoneum to insert medical instruments and a camera. After this, the doctor examines the formation and makes a decision on removing the follicle or excision of part of the genital organs (complete, partial). The patient may need blood transfusions and anti-shock therapy. After the operation, she is prescribed hormonal and anti-inflammatory medications, and physical therapy is recommended. Unfortunately, there is a risk of tumor growth even after the surgical method, so constant monitoring by a gynecologist is necessary.

Can an ovarian cyst burst during pregnancy?

Neoplasms can appear before and during pregnancy. As a rule, in the first three months after fertilization, women develop a corpus luteum cyst, which regresses on its own without any consequences for the fetus and the expectant mother. She does not require treatment. During pregnancy, tumors grow to large sizes and rupture in rare cases. If the cavity of an ovarian cyst bursts, you should immediately go to the hospital, otherwise a miscarriage may occur.

1 year ago

Important! In most cases, in the initial stages, a woman does not even suspect that a cyst has formed in the ovary. This can be seen during a gynecological examination or ultrasound examination. That is why it is so important to undergo preventive examinations with a gynecologist at least twice a year.

Looking for a reason

The formation of a cyst can be caused by the following reasons:

ailments of a gynecological nature;
delivery;
abortions;
termination of pregnancy not related to abortion;
stressful situations;
disturbed psycho-emotional state;
hormonal imbalance;
prolonged depression.

Cysts can progress in different ways. Some do not reveal themselves for a long time, others quickly increase in size, fill with liquid and, as a result, burst.

A tumor cannot just burst. The doctor must find out the cause or factor that caused the rupture of the cyst. These include:

active sex;
inflammatory processes occurring in the ovaries;
disturbance of hormone concentrations;
lifting heavy loads;
grueling physical activity;
bleeding disorder;
severe hypothermia;
progression of diseases of the genitourinary system;
infectious processes.

Diagnosis of a cyst: what to do?

If doctors, upon examination, have identified a neoplasm such as a cyst, there is no need to despair. Remember that it is benign and can be treated with conservative methods or through surgery.

To eliminate the possibility of cyst rupture, you need to follow simple rules:

take medications in the quantity and according to the schedule prescribed by the obstetrician-gynecologist;
limit the number of sexual acts;
avoid intense physical activity and heavy lifting;
avoid stressful situations, depression and psycho-emotional shocks.

Important! Such a diagnosis should not be compared with a sentence. It’s just that a woman needs to monitor her health more closely, visit a gynecologist monthly and do ultrasound diagnostics.

Cyst rupture is accompanied by the following symptoms:

attacks of nausea;
gag reflexes;
rapid heartbeat;
increased body temperature;
acute pain syndrome in the lower abdominal segment;
feverish condition;
reduced blood pressure;
bleeding.

Important! In case of sharp unbearable pain and the appearance of bloody discharge from the vaginal passage, you should immediately call an ambulance. If there is a rupture of the neoplasm of the corpus luteum, then this is an absolute indication for surgical intervention.

Treatment of a burst tumor depends on its type and the clinical picture of the disease. One of two directions can be chosen:

medicinal;
surgical.

Conservative treatment methods include taking pharmacological drugs of the hormonal type, multivitamin complexes, as well as agents with anti-inflammatory properties.

Important! If a doctor diagnoses the presence of a malignant neoplasm in the ovary, then hormonal therapy is strictly contraindicated.

In some cases, gynecologists treat a burst cyst only through surgery. Today, laparoscopy and laparotomy are considered popular methods of surgical intervention.

Important! Laparoscopy is an absolutely safe method of cyst removal. The neoplasm is removed through small incisions on the walls of the peritoneum. Laparotomy is indicated in complicated cases. Then the patient can have the cyst with part of the ovary removed. In some cases, the ovary in which the cyst has formed is completely removed.

Surgery is contraindicated in the presence of the following ailments and pathological conditions:

kidney diseases;
dysfunction of the cardiovascular system;
severe anemia;
infectious processes in the progression stage.

Rupture of a follicular ovarian cyst is a pathology in which the integrity of the functional formation is disrupted and corresponding symptoms appear. A woman whose tumor has burst must be provided with medical assistance, since there is a risk of developing complications that are dangerous to life and health.

The follicular formation has a thin shell, which, firstly, in most cases allows it to resolve on its own, and secondly, increases the likelihood of its rupture. However, pathology does not arise out of nowhere. Most often it is preceded by the following factors:

abdominal injuries resulting from bruises, falls, impacts on various objects (for example, the edge of a table);
constant intense training, which provokes overstrain of the muscular system of the peritoneum, compression of the cystic tumor and disruption of its integrity;
significant one-time physical activity, in particular lifting heavy objects;
hormonal imbalance;
problems with blood clotting;
inflammation of the appendages;
too violent intimate intercourse, accompanied by an increase in intra-abdominal pressure.

Clinical picture of the pathology

If a follicular cyst bursts, the following symptoms appear:

pain in the lower abdominal segment;
temperature rise to 39 degrees;
weakness, dizziness, pale skin, and with severe bleeding - loss of consciousness;
nausea and vomiting (if fluid enters the abdominal cavity and intoxication of the body develops);
bloody discharge from the vagina (observed when blood does not accumulate in the abdominal cavity, but comes out);
decreased blood pressure and increased heart rate.

The rupture of an ovarian follicular cyst gives characteristic symptoms and most often occurs in the middle of the cycle. If a woman has a low pain threshold, she can endure discomfort for several hours, which is fraught with the development of dangerous complications. If signs of pathology appear, you need to call an ambulance and take the victim to the hospital.

Diagnosis of the presence and rupture of formation

A follicular ovarian cyst may not bother a woman for a long time and may be discovered by chance during an ultrasound. Palpation allows one to suspect its presence, however, additional examinations are required for a more detailed diagnosis.

When a follicular cyst ruptures, corresponding symptoms appear. It is quite difficult to detect pathology by palpation. Typically, for high-quality diagnosis, the following activities are necessary:

examination on a gynecological chair;
a general blood test (inflammation will be indicated by an increase in leukocytes and ESR);
laparoscopy;
puncture to determine the nature of the fluid in the abdominal cavity.

Violation of the integrity of the cyst can sometimes be suspected due to palpation. When palpated, the patient feels pain in a certain part of the abdomen. Next, a general blood test and ultrasound examination are performed. The latter, in most cases, allows us to conclude that the follicular formation is ruptured.

Treatment of pathology

If blood loss is not significant and it has not accumulated in the abdominal cavity, then therapy is carried out conservatively. In this case, antibiotics are prescribed. Otherwise, surgical treatment is performed.

To stop the bleeding, cold is applied to the affected area, after which the patient is examined to determine the type of cyst that has ruptured.

If a woman whose follicular cyst has burst is not pregnant, then, if indicated, she undergoes surgery. In severe cases, it is carried out, which further reduces the chances of a successful conception.

Excision of the formation is carried out if conservative therapy is ineffective, in one of the following ways:

, if you only need to remove the cyst, all manipulations are performed through several small incisions, and the postoperative period does not last long.
Laparotomy, which is practiced when:

you need to do an oophorectomy (for example, if the epididymis ruptures);
it is necessary to remove part of the ovary along with the cyst;
it is necessary to eliminate exclusively the neoplasm. During laparotomy surgery, a single incision is made. It is advisable to perform it in the presence of internal bleeding.

Surgical intervention is not performed:

during gestation, except in cases where conservative treatment jeopardizes the life and health of the patient:
if a woman has certain cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney pathologies, as well as iron deficiency anemia;
during the acute period of an infectious disease.

Complications of pathology

If, after the follicular formation ruptures and the woman immediately calls an ambulance, then unpleasant consequences can often be avoided. Otherwise, the development of the following complications cannot be ruled out:

intoxication of the body caused by the penetration of fluid from the follicular tumor into the abdominal cavity;
decreased fertility as a result of forced removal of the appendage;
infectious damage to the pelvic organs caused by harmful bacteria entering them due to damage to the cyst;
peritonitis;
severe blood loss.

A follicular tumor caused by an unruptured follicle most often resolves on its own, but sometimes it can rupture. To reduce the likelihood of complications, if pathology is present, it is necessary to regularly undergo ultrasound examinations and undergo scheduled follow-up with a gynecologist.