Very large blood clot after tooth extraction. Is it normal for a blood clot to form after tooth extraction?

After the tooth is removed from the wound, blood flows, then a clot appears and the wound begins to slowly heal. blood clot - it's a natural phenomenon, which doctors do not classify as a pathology.

Blood clot in the hole after tooth extraction

Bleeding after tooth extraction 20-40 minutes, less often an hour. Then during the day clot starts to form. What it is? In fact, this is a blood clot of a dark red color. It can be compared to a red ball or pouch that sticks out of the gum.

The blood clot protects against infections and harmful bacteria. In addition, it accelerates wound healing. If it is not there, that is, it has not formed or is damaged, then the gum becomes inflamed and a disease develops, for example, alveolitis, which occurs in 3-5% of cases after tooth loss.

Important! The thrombus should not be touched, moved, tried to pull out or deepen it even more. Otherwise harmful bacteria enter the body through the hole and the process of inflammation begins.

The blood clot plays an important role in the removal of a wisdom tooth. If a blood clot has not formed or has fallen out, then the blood cannot be stopped for a long time, which is quite dangerous for the body. In such cases alveolitis occurs with a 30% chance.

Hole healing: how many days does a blood clot last

The healing of the hole occurs within 5 months. In the process of overgrowing of the wound, the thrombus plays an important role.

1 day- A blood clot forms at the site of the hole.
2-3 day- a new epithelium begins to appear on the thrombus. As a rule, it is white. However if the epithelium is gray-green or yellow then this is a reason to visit the dentist.
3-4 day- granulations appear. They cover the blood clot. This is normal, do not be afraid and try to somehow influence the healing process. Usually this phenomenon looks like a red ball covered with white threads.
Day 8- granulations almost completely replace the blood clot. At the same time, bone tissue begins to develop.
2nd week- the clot completely disappears, as the wound has already healed with a new tissue. Therefore, the thrombus is no longer needed.
2nd month- the hole is almost completely filled with bone tissue.
5th month- bone tissue becomes denser and merges with the jaw.

Reference! These stages inherent only in normal, natural healing. In the event of the development of any deviation, the hole will be tightened according to a different pattern, characteristic of a particular pathology.

What does alveolitis and other complications look like: photo

Photo 1. Alveolitis is a dry socket without a blood clot. You can also see a gray or yellow coating.

Photo 2. After tooth extraction, the gums and even the cheek may swell. At the site of the removed molar, you can see swelling or a bump.

Photo 3. Bleeding from the hole after tooth extraction is an occasion for immediate medical attention.

What to do if a blood clot fell out on day 3, washed out or did not form at all

A thrombus falls out for various reasons: if the patient rinsed the mouth, accidentally touched the place with a fork or spoon, moved it with his tongue, if for some reason the clot did not fix itself in the hole, and so on.

If the clot fell out, see a doctor as soon as possible. For treatment in such situations, dentists use the method of reappearance of a blood clot.

Important! In no case this method cannot be repeated. on one's own. This can lead to severe inflammation or damage to the gums. Either way, it will only get worse.

The dentist is obliged to confirm or refute the prolapse of a blood clot.

If it fell out, then the doctor will treat the wound and remove food particles from there. And then fill the wound with iodoform turunda. Also, the dentist can simply treat the wound and leave it to heal.

If the inflammatory process has not yet begun, then the doctor will specifically cause blood from the hole thereby starting the healing process from the very beginning. After the blood has almost stopped, a new clot will begin to form.

If formed too large

If general health is good, then don't worry. But still it is better to visit a dentist, he will examine the oral cavity and give an accurate diagnosis. If the hole often bleeds, hurts or swells, then this is a direct reason to see a doctor.

Main - follow all recommendations and instructions of the doctor. You also need to protect yourself as much as possible from a blood clot. For this do not rinse your mouth for the first few days. The site of the wound should not be touched with the tongue or other objects.

You can not visit saunas and baths, and it is also better not to apply hot compresses to the cheek.

If the healing of the wound brings severe pain, the place often bleeds and swells, then even do not try to self-medicate. So you only damage the gum and make it worse.

Useful video

Watch a video that talks about the possible complications that sometimes occur after the removal of a wisdom tooth.

What can't be done?

The blood clot is an important component in the healing of the socket after tooth extraction. It protects the wound from various kinds of infections. That's why do not try to somehow influence him without the permission of the attending physician.

How does a blood clot form after a tooth extraction?

Extraction is accompanied by tissue damage and profuse bleeding. Normally, it stops after 30 to 90 minutes. And in the hole, a blood clot forms after the extraction of the tooth. It fills the wound by 2/3, promotes healing and prevents infection.

clot formation mechanism

Immediately after the extraction of the tooth, severe bleeding opens. To stop it, the patient is asked to bite on a gauze pad. This manipulation helps to stop bleeding and accelerates the formation of a blood clot.

After half an hour, a blood clot begins to form in the wound.

A blood clot begins to form in about 15 to 30 minutes. But its full formation lasts about a day. At this time, it is important to prevent a blood clot from falling out of the alveoli - a recess in the jaw in which the roots of the tooth are located.

Important! Sometimes bleeding opens after a few hours. Accordingly, the appearance of a blood clot is delayed. This is due to the introduction of large doses of anesthesia - adrenaline in its composition temporarily constricts blood vessels.

The function of a thrombus is to protect tissues from infection and accelerate healing. If it does not appear, they talk about the "dry hole" syndrome. In this case, it is impossible to avoid inflammation and suppuration of the wound - alveolitis.

If the operation was difficult, a large area was damaged, the edges of the gums were severely cut, the doctor puts stitches. They will help keep the clot in the alveolus.

Stages of healing of the hole

After extraction, the healing process (reparation) begins. The hole after tooth extraction looks like a deep wound with torn edges. Direct restoration of blood vessels, nerve endings and soft tissues lasts 2-3 days. The formation of a new epithelium takes 14-21 days. It takes 4-6 months for the complete restoration of bone structures.

Important! The duration of repair depends on the type of extraction (simple, complex), the degree and volume of damaged tissues. So, healing occurs faster if the canine, incisor was removed, the wound heals longer after extraction of chewing, impacted teeth.

Reparation takes place in several stages:

1st day. A blood clot of dark red, sometimes burgundy color is formed in the alveolus.
2 - 3rd day. Whitish films appear - young epithelium. This color is due to the leaching of hemoglobin and the production of fibrin. You should be wary if a gray-green, yellow tint appears, a putrid smell is heard.

The wound heals completely in about 2 weeks.

Important! The patient feels severe pain only for 2-3 days. Minor discomfort persists for a couple of weeks until the wound is covered with epithelial tissue. The rest of the processes are asymptomatic.

These stages are typical for normal healing. If the removal was difficult, or the clot fell out at some stage, the repair is delayed.

How to prevent a clot from falling out?

Thrombus formation is essential for normal repair. To prevent it from falling out, observe the following recommendations:

do not rinse your mouth for 2 - 3 days - only baths with antiseptic solutions are allowed;
do not try to feel the hole with your tongue, clean food out of it with toothpicks;
brush their teeth with a soft brush in the morning, in the evening and after each meal, carefully passing it next to the operated area;

The blood clot protects the wound from infection.

After extraction, a blood clot normally forms. If the formation of a thrombus did not occur, complications develop in 100% of cases: dry socket, inflammation, suppuration, alveolitis. Complete reparation lasts up to six months, but the main healing occurs in 2-3 weeks.

Blood clot after tooth extraction

The presence of a blood clot after an operation, such as tooth extraction, is considered normal by experts. After all, a plentiful source of blood from a wound will always be accompanied in such cases by a tightening. This will happen after the release of a certain amount of blood substance. Therefore, the clot is not classified by pathology doctors. However, every surgeon in the field of dentistry is obliged to observe the patient, after a couple of days to examine what the hole looks like after tooth extraction, whether the blood flow has stopped, whether the hole is being tightened at the site of the operation. Special attention is paid to the clot, its condition, preventive procedures, as well as the absence of complications.

First day after removal

Every person who has lost his tooth by removing it in a hospital, in dentistry, is interested in the question of how long, how long does the hole last after tooth extraction? In general, the answer to this question is that it is different for all people. In many ways, everything here depends on the characteristics of blood coagulation, the regenerating functions of tissues that can grow together, the necessary activity of the growth of new cells with the death of old ones, and other features inherent in the body of each person and manifesting themselves in each case in their own way.

But there are also norms adopted at the level of the Healthcare of the Russian Federation or the International level of the WHO (World Health Organization). In general, indicators in practice register that the hole begins to tighten slowly, over a period of several hours to several tens of hours. But if, in addition, the procedure for the rehabilitation of the operated gum area is still competently carried out, then in order for the hole to begin to slowly tighten, several hours are enough. In order for a blood clot to form on time after tooth extraction, without negative consequences and the whole process to be successful, on the first day after the operation, the patient must perform the following procedures, usually prescribed in such cases by a dental surgeon:

A soft gauze pad that is applied to the bleeding hole should be bitten tighter, thus pressing the wound.
You can’t keep a tampon from a bandage for a long time - just hold it for half an hour.
The tampon should be removed very slowly, gradually, and not jerkily, and very carefully.
If the blood is still oozing, then you need to hold the tampon for another half an hour. This is acceptable.
If even after an hour the bleeding does not stop, you should urgently contact your doctor, the same surgeon who tore the tooth.
If the bleeding has stopped, then periodically rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine or another disinfectant. It is especially necessary to keep this solution on the wound for 5 minutes.
For about an hour or two, it is recommended not to eat or drink anything.

Why is clot formation so important?

The presence of a blood clot that looks healthy, without signs of inflammation or the onset of a pustular process, is a necessary formation after a tooth has been pulled out. The blood must eventually clot and form a small clot that covers the entire wound. This is one of the most important stages in the normal biological process of closing an open wound - a blood clot protects the wound from microbes and pathogenic bacteria entering it. If further dental treatment is required, it is best to wait until the wound has healed, at least half (50%) or more (70-85%). And for this, more than one day will pass until the frozen blood-cork itself gradually resolves and disappears from the protracted hole.

Additional information: On average, the wound should be well tightened within 3 days, although the hole does not immediately overgrow, it needs more time. And the blood flow should stop after a few hours with the formation of a corresponding clot.

Restorative therapy after removal

All dentists of surgical specialization agree that before removing a tooth, it would be better for the patient to first drink some antibiotics, antibacterial drugs prescribed by the doctor for several days. In case of acute pain, then strong painkillers are used, the main thing, when using which, is not to get involved in their use. The doctor may prescribe some painkillers and antibiotics even after tooth extraction. This is done to relieve inflammation, if any was found - you need to follow all the methods that the doctor prescribed.

In the process of recovery after surgery, the patient is examined by the attending physician to determine what the hole looks like, whether there is infection, whether there is excessive opening of the wound, and so on. Meetings for such an examination are appointed by the specialist himself, but the patient himself can come for an examination 2-3 days after the tooth is removed. If the wound continues to be very painful, or the gum is swollen, then the dental nerve may be damaged, or something else that only an expert in this field can identify.

For reference: The patient himself can also examine what the clot looks like after tooth extraction at home, if the wound is available for viewing. However, it would be better if the doctor does it. Because if you damaged the wound with solid food, then it may not heal well, the clot may shift from pieces of food. Therefore, it is recommended to eat something softer on recovery days.

What will help you recover faster?

All medicines that were prescribed by a dental surgeon should be used according to medical instructions.
Teeth cleaning should be carried out with a soft toothbrush in the area of tissue damage. You need to buy a brush with silk bristles.
Hot food is excluded from consumption for a period of several days.
Do not eat dairy products for three days. They cause a large number of bacteria in the mouth.
You should do without physical activity for 30 days, so as not to create once again the intensity of blood flow.
It is impossible to warm up the jaw until the fossa is completely tightened.
It is forbidden to smoke and use intoxicating or alcoholic substances - this sharply weakens the immune system.

For reference: Hot food causes bleeding, so you should eat warm food. To understand how long a blood clot lasts after tooth extraction, one should also remember about solid food, it can scratch the gums and move the saving lump of dried blood to the side, partially opening the wound. We'll have to try to eat soft and warm for about a month.

Norm indicators

And you also need to take into account those indications of the patient's condition that are recorded by doctors as normal. The following indicators should be remembered:

Swelling of the gums.
Swelling of cheeks.
Pain characteristic syndrome.
Aching sensations in the area of the former fossa.
The backlog of a blood clot of small pieces after a few days, or a week.
Sleepiness in the first few days.

After the patient comes to the doctor for an examination on the third day to check how the hole looks like after tooth extraction, the cheek may swell, even if this relapse did not occur for the first 2 days. This is not scary, this happens after the complete cessation of the action of anesthetics. It is also believed that pain symptoms should even be mandatory, only they are suppressed by painkillers so that the quality of life of the patient does not decrease during the recovery period. Only if aching or sharp pain does not go away for too long (more than 3-4 days). If you want to sleep on the first day after the operation, then it is better to sleep.

If someone does not know how the hole overgrows after tooth extraction, then we can also draw his attention to the fact that saliva will have a glandular taste and a pinkish tint for some time. This also should not be frightened, gradually the blood substrates will come out with saliva, which can be gently spit out. But even swallowing such saliva, you do not harm yourself very much. An unpleasant slight nausea can simply make itself felt - the reaction of the stomach to an unusual inclusion in saliva. Now that the reader already knows how much the hole overgrows after tooth extraction, you can focus on these data and, in case of any deviations from the norm, consult a doctor in a timely manner.

Acute complications after tooth extraction

One type of complication that can happen to a patient who has lost a tooth is alveolitis. It is he who can provoke swelling of the cheeks, swelling and inflammation of the gums. And such processes are usually always accompanied by a severe headache, high body temperature, nausea, weakness and a severe general condition of a person. Of course, all this happens when the inflammation that has begun has not been eliminated by the doctor. Or the patient himself, after visiting the dentist-surgeon, neglected his recommendation, did not rinse his mouth for several days in a row.

For reference: Alveolitis- this is a local suppuration that forms in the hole after tooth extraction due to insufficient disinfection of the oral cavity or its treatment with antiseptic materials.

Other complications, when a blood clot acquires non-standard characteristics after tooth extraction, can be in the following manifestations:

Copious amounts of scarlet (clear) blood for 12 consecutive hours without stopping.
Sharp pain that may signal that the trigeminal nerve has been affected.
The exit from the wound is some dark brown and even black "threads", "pieces".
Active numbness of the jaws for 4-5 days, which also indicates a violation of the nerve endings.
High body temperature - from 38 degrees.
Swelling when touched is extremely painful and prevents you from opening your mouth or eating normally.

In all of the above cases and with such symptoms, you must either call the attending dentist at home, or go yourself urgently to the surgeon who removed the tooth. A blood clot is a natural defense against microbes entering an open wound while it is being healed, as well as a natural “tampon” to stop blood flow. If one of the patients finds that the hole after tooth extraction has not been overgrown for a long time, and the blood is flowing and flowing, then you should immediately contact the doctor for help.

Useful video: oral care after tooth extraction

Consequences of tooth extraction: how long does a blood clot last and what if it fell out, what does granulation tissue look like?

Tooth extraction is a serious surgical procedure, especially if a wisdom tooth is being removed. In order for the operated site to heal correctly and without complications, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of the dentist and respond in a timely manner to deviations from the norm.

The blood clot after tooth extraction fills the socket immediately after the procedure and plays an important role in healing. What is it for, how long does it last, how to keep it in the hole and what to do if it falls out - read our article.

How is a blood clot formed in the hole and why is it needed?

Tooth extraction can be summarized in four stages:

treatment of the cavity around the tooth: cleaning, disinfection;
local anesthesia or general anesthesia;
direct tooth extraction;
wound treatment, suturing is possible.

After a tooth is removed from the wound, blood inevitably begins to flow, and the patient is asked to bite on a swab or gauze napkin (see also: what does the gum usually look like after a tooth is removed?). Profuse bleeding lasts 20-30 minutes, in rare cases - about an hour. Until the blood stops, the tampon must be changed periodically so as not to provoke the development of harmful bacteria. It will not be possible to completely stop the bleeding: the wound will continue to secrete a small amount of blood and ichor for about a day.

Important! If a large dose of anesthesia has been administered, then due to vasoconstriction, bleeding may begin only after a few hours - this is normal, but slows down the entire healing process as a whole.

After the bleeding stops, a dark red or burgundy thrombus begins to form at the site of the extracted tooth. It takes 1-2 days to fully form.

The absence of a blood clot in the wound is called dry socket syndrome, which leads to a serious inflammatory process - alveolitis. You can distinguish the usual consequences of an extracted tooth from the symptoms of alveolitis by comparing the appearance of the hole in a photo or the following signs:

Pain and swelling in the operated area usually lasts 1-2 days, is aching in nature and gradually subsides. With alveolitis, the pain becomes acute, increases and moves to neighboring areas, and swelling can capture a large part of the oral cavity, making it difficult to move.
After tooth extraction, the temperature may rise slightly (more in the article: what to do if the temperature rises after the removal of a wisdom tooth?). With alveolitis, the fever rises above 38 degrees, and other symptoms of intoxication also appear: weakness, aching limbs, dizziness.
The first days, the hole may smell unpleasant due to the accumulated blood. With alveolitis, the smell becomes stronger and gives off rot.

Normal healing of the hole: description of the process, photo

Under normal conditions, the hole heals completely within 4-6 months. The stages of healing are approximately determined, since the duration of the process depends on many factors: the condition of the teeth and gums, the experience and qualifications of the doctor, the characteristics of the body and the patient's actions after the operation. The healing process can be traced in the photo.

First day: a blood clot forms at the site of the extracted tooth. It serves as a kind of barrier against bacteria and mechanical influences. Further healing of the hole depends on the formation of a clot.
First week: Formation of granulation tissue begins. Within two days, the thrombus is covered with a whitish film, which may alert the patient, but this plaque does not need to be removed. If the film acquires a green or yellow tint and smells strongly of rot, you should consult a dentist.
First month: the formation of the epithelium and bone structures begins. The blood clot dissolves, and the wound is covered with new tissue. Bone cells become visible, which completely fill the hole within 1-2 months.
After 4-6 months, the bone tissue is completely formed, compacted and finally merges with the jaw. The healing process is much more complicated and slows down if at the first stages the blood clot has shifted or washed out of the hole.

How to keep a clot in the hole and what to do if it falls out?

Alveolitis occurs on average in only 3–5% of cases, however, when wisdom teeth are removed, the probability of complications reaches 30% (we recommend reading: how many days does gum pain persist after wisdom tooth removal?). The place of the extracted tooth becomes inflamed and festering, because of which the patient experiences acute pain and symptoms of intoxication of the body: weakness, dizziness, fever.

To prevent the clot from falling out, you must adhere to the following rules:

Do not rinse your mouth for the first 2-3 days (see also: Should I rinse my mouth with anything after a tooth extraction?). On the recommendation of a doctor, it is permissible to make antiseptic baths, holding a slightly warm liquid in your mouth and spitting gently.
Do not touch the site of the extracted tooth. Avoid touching the clot with a fork, toothpick, or tongue. On the first day, it is recommended not to even brush this area with a toothbrush.
Avoid active physical activity. It is also recommended to limit your facial expressions and move your mouth muscles with extreme caution. If stitches are applied, they can disperse from sudden movements.
Avoid exposure to heat. Do not visit the sauna and bath, do not consume hot drinks and food.
Refrain from alcohol and smoking for at least 1-2 days.
Follow a diet. For the first 2-3 hours after surgery, do not eat at all, after which you should only eat soft, warm foods.
Observe hygiene. Use a soft brush in the morning, evening and after every meal. Near the blood clot, clean especially carefully.
Do not drink through a straw. It is widely believed that food and liquids are best consumed through a straw after tooth extraction, but suction may dislodge the clot.

If a blood clot still fell out, then you need to contact your dentist. The doctor will clean the hole from the remnants of the clot and food, treat it with an antiseptic and fill it with a special agent - iodoform turunda, which will need to be changed every 4-5 days. There is also a secondary clot method: if the inflammatory process has not yet begun in the hole, then it is processed (scraped out) so that bleeding begins and a new clot forms.

A blood clot after tooth extraction appears on the first day and plays an important role in the wound healing process. What does the hole look like after extraction, what is necessary and what is not recommended to do in the postoperative period?

Briefly about the procedure

A serious full-fledged operation, taking place in several stages:

treatment of the area to be operated on,
administration of an anesthetic drug.

Modern anesthetics are in carpules - these are special ampoules in which, along with an anesthetic drug, there is a vasoconstrictor. This combination of drugs helps to reduce the amount of blood that is released from the wound after surgery.

After the anesthetic begins to take effect, the surgeon proceeds to extract the tooth from the socket. To do this, it is necessary to loosen the ligament that fixes the tooth. Sometimes a scalpel is used for this.

The final stage is the treatment of the wound. The lacerated wounds are sutured. If the wound does not need to be sewn up, the doctor applies a swab dipped in a hemostatic drug over it. It must be clamped with teeth for 20 minutes.

What happens after the operation?

3-4 hours after the operation, the anesthetic continues to act, the patient either does not feel pain at all, or feels it weakly. Blood is released from the wound for several hours, and then exudate with blood. After removing the eights, exudate may be released throughout the day, since the operated area is larger than the others.

What does the hole look like after tooth extraction? On day 2-3, the wound does not look very attractive, as white or grayish spots form on top of the blood clot. This is not pus, as many people think, but fibrin, which helps the wound heal.
If the wound healing process proceeds without complications, the pain is aching or pulling in nature and gradually subsides. If you are worried about shooting, throbbing pain, this is an alarming symptom, which is better to see a doctor.

Do not worry if in the first few days after the operation you have an unpleasant smell from the wound, this is normal. Blood accumulates in the hole, it is impossible to rinse the wound, so bacteria accumulate in it. This is what causes the odor. You should not worry about this if the general condition is normal, the body temperature is not elevated and there are no other alarming symptoms.

You can talk about an uncomplicated course of healing of the hole if:

no exudate is released from the hole, if you press it,
the pain is aching in nature and gradually disappears,
general condition and body temperature are normal,
puffiness of the cheek does not increase,
after 2-3 days, the bleeding from the wound stops.

How does the wound heal?

After extraction of the tooth, the hole heals for a long time even without complications. This is a lengthy process that can take from several weeks to several months:

on the second day after the operation, a blood clot appears in the wound, which protects tissues from infection and damage,
if the recovery process goes without complications, granulation tissue is formed on the 3-4th day,
the next week - the active formation of layers of the epithelium in the hole, the blood clot is displaced by granulation tissue. Primary bone formation occurs
after 2-3 weeks, the clot is completely replaced by the epithelium, bone tissue is clearly visible along the edges of the wound,
the formation of young tissue takes 30-45 days,
approximately two months later, the hole is completely overgrown with bone (osteoid) tissue saturated with calcium,
by the end of the 4th month after extraction, the young bone tissue “grows up”, its structure becomes porous,
after the completion of bone formation, the wound resolves by 1/3 of the root length.

After the operation, the gum sags (atrophies), this process lasts from 6 months to a year.

What influences the rate of healing?

The above terms are relative and individual, since the rate of tissue repair is affected by many factors. factors:

surgeon qualification,
the state of the root system,
hygiene quality,
condition of periodontal tissues.

After the extraction of a diseased tooth (in the stage of exacerbation of dental diseases), the restoration is delayed. The healing process is also delayed after lacerations, which often happens when removing eights.

It is important that the surgeon carefully treats the wound after surgery and cleans it of tooth fragments. Otherwise, fragments of enamel will prevent the formation of a blood clot, which will ultimately cause inflammation and significantly delay wound healing.

Non-compliance by the patient with advice and recommendations for caring for the oral cavity after surgery inevitably leads to complications. Since the blood clot protects the socket, care should be taken to keep it in place. For this reason, it is strictly forbidden to rinse your mouth after tooth extraction, as such procedures lead to washing out the blood clot from the wound. The wound remains unprotected and the risk of infection increases.

Some patients may develop alveolar bleeding. This is due to problems with blood clotting, as well as arterial hypertension. In this case, it is necessary to normalize blood pressure in order to stop the bleeding.

Alveolitis

All of the above unfavorable factors lead to the development of complications - alveolitis. , which develops due to the penetration of infection into it. Most often, alveolitis occurs after a blood clot is washed out of the wound. In some cases, a clot does not form at all.

Usually, inflammation begins 1-3 days after surgery, if the patient rinses his mouth. Under the pressure of the liquid, the clot is washed out of the wound, leaving it unprotected. In this case, inflammation occurs almost always. Symptoms alveolitis:

increasing pain that gradually spreads to nearby tissues,
as the inflammatory process progresses, symptoms of general intoxication of the body appear: body aches, weakness, temperature may rise,
swelling from the gums extends to neighboring tissues,
the gum mucosa turns red, after which it may acquire a bluish tint due to stagnation of blood,
due to the ingress of food debris into the wound, an unpleasant putrefactive odor from the mouth often occurs.

How to care for the hole after surgery?

The main condition for normal healing is the formation of a full-fledged blood clot in it, which protects the hole from infection and damage. The main task of the patient is to keep the blood clot in place. For this you need:

don't blow your nose
very carefully brush your teeth near the operated area,
refrain from smoking
instead of rinsing, do oral baths,
follow a diet
avoid contact with the wound (do not touch it with your tongue, brush, toothpicks),
refrain from brushing your teeth on the day of extraction.

Doctors recommend sleeping on a high pillow to reduce blood flow to the site of removal. Exclude in the first few days a hot bath, sauna, bath, swimming pool and open water. For 3 hours after removal, it is contraindicated to eat and drink to allow the blood clot to fully form.

Other complications

In most cases, all complications after extraction develop due to an infection that has entered the well for various reasons. It can be:

Complications	Peculiarities
dry hole	A blood clot does not form in the hole, which delays the healing time and can cause alveolitis. In most cases, such a complication develops due to the fact that the patient actively rinses his mouth after surgery and simply flushes the blood clot from the wound. If you find yourself with a dry socket, see your doctor as soon as possible.
Osteomyelitis	This is a serious complication of alveolitis, when the inflammatory process passes to the jaw bone. Treatment is carried out in a hospital.
Nerve damage	You can damage the nerve when removing teeth with a large root system. In this case, the area of the cheek, palate, tongue, which are adjacent to the site of the extracted tooth, become numb and lose sensitivity. Treatment involves taking B vitamins and drugs that stimulate the transmission of signals from the nerves to the muscles.
	Complications rarely develop, treatment involves excision of the neoplasm.

Since the absence of even one tooth negatively affects the condition of the entire dentition.

Blood clot in the hole after tooth extraction

Hole healing: how many days does a blood clot last

The healing of the hole occurs within 5 months. In the process of overgrowing of the wound, the thrombus plays an important role.

1 day- A blood clot forms at the site of the hole.
2-3 day- a new epithelium begins to appear on the thrombus. As a rule, it is white. However if the epithelium is gray-green or yellow then this is a reason to visit the dentist.
3-4 day- granulations appear. They cover the blood clot. This is normal, do not be afraid and try to somehow influence the healing process. Usually this phenomenon looks like a red ball covered with white threads.
Day 8- granulations almost completely replace the blood clot. At the same time, bone tissue begins to develop.
2nd week- the clot completely disappears, as the wound has already healed with a new tissue. Therefore, the thrombus is no longer needed.
2nd month- the hole is almost completely filled with bone tissue.
5th month- bone tissue becomes denser and merges with the jaw.

What does alveolitis and other complications look like: photo

Photo 1. Alveolitis is a dry socket without a blood clot. You can also see a gray or yellow coating.

Photo 2. After tooth extraction, the gums and even the cheek may swell. At the site of the removed molar, you can see swelling or a bump.

Photo 3. Bleeding from the hole after tooth extraction is an occasion for immediate medical attention.

What to do if a blood clot fell out on day 3, washed out or did not form at all

If the clot fell out, see a doctor as soon as possible. For treatment in such situations, dentists use the method of reappearance of a blood clot.

Important! In no case this method cannot be repeated. on one's own. This can lead to severe inflammation or damage to the gums. Either way, it will only get worse.

The dentist is obliged to confirm or refute the prolapse of a blood clot.

If formed too large

You can not visit saunas and baths, and it is also better not to apply hot compresses to the cheek.

If the healing of the wound brings severe pain, the place often bleeds and swells, then even do not try to self-medicate. So you only damage the gum and make it worse.

Useful video

Watch a video that talks about the possible complications that sometimes occur after the removal of a wisdom tooth.

What can't be done?

Blood clot formation after tooth extraction: complications and recommendations

Tooth extraction can be thought of as an operation, because it is impossible to do without surgical intervention. Naturally, such a procedure cannot pass without a trace, there are always “side effects” that appear during the recovery period.

One of them is a blood clot after a tooth extraction. What it is? Is it dangerous? What measures should be taken when it appears?

What is a blood clot?

A blood clot is several platelets stuck together. After tooth extraction, it is formed on the hole within 1-3 days. At first, the clot has a fairly large shape, after which it decreases and completely disappears.

The formation of this "protective shell" is a very important moment in the process of wound healing. It must happen anyway. There are several features why it is so important that a blood clot still be formed.

Why is clot formation important?

The clot becomes a kind of "barrier" for the newly formed wound. It will protect the wells from the penetration of food debris, bacteria and other harmful factors into it.
It reduces the likelihood of gum deformity.
Dried blood formed after tooth extraction can prevent irritation of the mucous membrane.
After a tooth is removed, the gums can hurt for several hours or even days. Especially, discomfort will appear when foreign substances enter the well. The pain will begin to recede as soon as a protective "barrier" is formed.

How should the hole normally look after removal?

There are several characteristic features of how the hole should look after tooth extraction:

As soon as the dentist has removed the root from the gum, there should be a slight bleeding from the hole. In most cases, this happens immediately after tooth extraction and lasts a few minutes. An exception is the use of painkillers with anesthetics, they contribute to vasoconstriction. Accordingly, the hole after surgery will remain dry. Bleeding will occur after the medication wears off. This can happen several hours after the tooth is removed.
The first stage of healing of the hole is the formation of a pronounced clot that has a rich red tint. Its size is approximately equal to the size of the wound (it should completely cover the hole in the gum).
If the healing process is normal, then within a few days the clot should change color, become yellowish-pink. Depending on the characteristics of the body, the age of the person and the presence of bad habits, this stage can last from one day to three weeks.
Next, the process of healing the hole should begin. That is, the blood clot will begin to stretch the gums. This process takes place gradually, starting from the edges, gradually moving to the center.
2-3 months after tooth extraction, the wound should fully recover. That is, there should not be a trace of the hole. The bone tissue must also be fully formed.

While the socket is healing, some side effects may occur, such as pus formation, slight swelling, and unpleasant pain.

hole healing process

However, there are several complications, in the event of which it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor.

Possible Complications

Pain is a natural part of the healing process of a tooth. Without it, recovery is possible only in rare cases. However, it should be mild and take place under the influence of painkillers. If the pain is acute, does not go away within a few days and medications do not reduce it, this indicates that the healing process is not proceeding correctly.
Dentists assure that normal bleeding from the hole should last from 3 to 30 minutes. The maximum is 1 hour. If it lasts longer than three hours, then there is an open threat to health. It is worth paying attention to its color. Scarlet blood is not the most pleasant sign.
The jaw may seem to become numb for several hours after the operation. However, this should not last more than a day.
The most dangerous symptom is an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees or more. Normally, during the healing process, this should not be.
Another type of complication is the formation of profuse edema, due to which it even becomes problematic to open your mouth.

If at least one of the above signs appears, then you should immediately consult a doctor. Many patients do not betray the importance of such complications and make a mistake, as the process of gum restoration goes wrong, and this can lead to unpleasant consequences.

As mentioned earlier, after a tooth is removed, the gums will bleed within a few minutes. To prevent this unpleasant symptom, you need to use a disinfected wipe. It should be applied to the area of the hole and pressed firmly until the blood stops flowing.
Do not neglect the medications prescribed by the dentist. They contribute not only to reducing pain, but also to the full healing of the wound. They should be taken strictly according to the instructions, observing the dosage, time intervals and course of treatment.
You can only brush your teeth with a soft toothbrush. This must be done as carefully as possible.
It is recommended to temporarily refuse solid and hot food, any heating of the jaw is not allowed. Dairy products can be eaten in a minimum amount. It is advisable to eat through a straw.
If possible, physical activity should be reduced, especially swimming in the pool. It is best to spend the next three days after surgery in a calm rhythm.
The most negative factor during the recovery period of the hole is the presence of bad habits. It is recommended to give up alcohol and nicotine intake.
Also, do not try in every possible way to “pick up” the formed clot and touch the gum with your hands or tongue. At first, a new wound will cause discomfort, but it is worth enduring it. Any, even the most minimal intervention, can adversely affect the process of tooth restoration.

If you follow all the recommendations, then the healing process of the tooth will occur almost painlessly. You should also visit the dentist in order for him to determine the correctness of the restoration of the wound. Especially, this should be done if the operation was complex.

Such a surgical intervention as tooth extraction seems insignificant. However, it can bring a lot of trouble to the patient. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to take a closer look at your health.

Consequences of tooth extraction: how long does a blood clot last and what if it fell out, what does granulation tissue look like?

How is a blood clot formed in the hole and why is it needed?

Tooth extraction can be summarized in four stages:

treatment of the cavity around the tooth: cleaning, disinfection;
local anesthesia or general anesthesia;
direct tooth extraction;
wound treatment, suturing is possible.

After the bleeding stops, a dark red or burgundy thrombus begins to form at the site of the extracted tooth. It takes 1-2 days to fully form.

Pain and swelling in the operated area usually lasts 1-2 days, is aching in nature and gradually subsides. With alveolitis, the pain becomes acute, increases and moves to neighboring areas, and swelling can capture a large part of the oral cavity, making it difficult to move.
After tooth extraction, the temperature may rise slightly (more in the article: what to do if the temperature rises after the removal of a wisdom tooth?). With alveolitis, the fever rises above 38 degrees, and other symptoms of intoxication also appear: weakness, aching limbs, dizziness.
The first days, the hole may smell unpleasant due to the accumulated blood. With alveolitis, the smell becomes stronger and gives off rot.

Normal healing of the hole: description of the process, photo

First day: a blood clot forms at the site of the extracted tooth. It serves as a kind of barrier against bacteria and mechanical influences. Further healing of the hole depends on the formation of a clot.
First week: Formation of granulation tissue begins. Within two days, the thrombus is covered with a whitish film, which may alert the patient, but this plaque does not need to be removed. If the film acquires a green or yellow tint and smells strongly of rot, you should consult a dentist.
First month: the formation of the epithelium and bone structures begins. The blood clot dissolves, and the wound is covered with new tissue. Bone cells become visible, which completely fill the hole within 1-2 months.
After 4-6 months, the bone tissue is completely formed, compacted and finally merges with the jaw. The healing process is much more complicated and slows down if at the first stages the blood clot has shifted or washed out of the hole.

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After half an hour, a blood clot begins to form in the wound.

Important! Sometimes bleeding opens after a few hours. Accordingly, the appearance of a blood clot is delayed. This is due to the introduction of large doses of anesthesia - adrenaline in its composition temporarily constricts blood vessels.

If the operation was difficult, a large area was damaged, the edges of the gums were severely cut, the doctor puts stitches. They will help keep the clot in the alveolus.

Stages of healing of the hole

Important! The duration of repair depends on the type of extraction (simple, complex), the degree and volume of damaged tissues. So, healing occurs faster if the canine, incisor was removed, the wound heals longer after extraction of chewing, impacted teeth.

Reparation takes place in several stages:

1st day. A blood clot of dark red, sometimes burgundy color is formed in the alveolus.
2 - 3rd day. Whitish films appear - young epithelium. This color is due to the leaching of hemoglobin and the production of fibrin. You should be wary if a gray-green, yellow tint appears, a putrid smell is heard.

The wound heals completely in about 2 weeks.

These stages are typical for normal healing. If the removal was difficult, or the clot fell out at some stage, the repair is delayed.

How to prevent a clot from falling out?

Thrombus formation is essential for normal repair. To prevent it from falling out, observe the following recommendations:

do not rinse your mouth for 2 - 3 days - only baths with antiseptic solutions are allowed;
do not try to feel the hole with your tongue, clean food out of it with toothpicks;
brush their teeth with a soft brush in the morning, in the evening and after each meal, carefully passing it next to the operated area;

The blood clot protects the wound from infection.

After extraction, a blood clot normally forms. If the formation of a thrombus did not occur, complications develop in 100% of cases: dry socket, inflammation, suppuration, alveolitis. Complete reparation lasts up to six months, but the main healing occurs in 2-3 weeks.

Blood clot after tooth extraction

First day after removal

A soft gauze pad that is applied to the bleeding hole should be bitten tighter, thus pressing the wound.
You can’t keep a tampon from a bandage for a long time - just hold it for half an hour.
The tampon should be removed very slowly, gradually, and not jerkily, and very carefully.
If the blood is still oozing, then you need to hold the tampon for another half an hour. This is acceptable.
If even after an hour the bleeding does not stop, you should urgently contact your doctor, the same surgeon who tore the tooth.
If the bleeding has stopped, then periodically rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine or another disinfectant. It is especially necessary to keep this solution on the wound for 5 minutes.
For about an hour or two, it is recommended not to eat or drink anything.

Why is clot formation so important?

Additional information: On average, the wound should be well tightened within 3 days, although the hole does not immediately overgrow, it needs more time. And the blood flow should stop after a few hours with the formation of a corresponding clot.

Restorative therapy after removal

For reference: The patient himself can also examine what the clot looks like after tooth extraction at home, if the wound is available for viewing. However, it would be better if the doctor does it. Because if you damaged the wound with solid food, then it may not heal well, the clot may shift from pieces of food. Therefore, it is recommended to eat something softer on recovery days.

What will help you recover faster?

All medicines that were prescribed by a dental surgeon should be used according to medical instructions.
Teeth cleaning should be carried out with a soft toothbrush in the area of tissue damage. You need to buy a brush with silk bristles.
Hot food is excluded from consumption for a period of several days.
Do not eat dairy products for three days. They cause a large number of bacteria in the mouth.
You should do without physical activity for 30 days, so as not to create once again the intensity of blood flow.
It is impossible to warm up the jaw until the fossa is completely tightened.
It is forbidden to smoke and use intoxicating or alcoholic substances - this sharply weakens the immune system.

For reference: Hot food causes bleeding, so you should eat warm food. To understand how long a blood clot lasts after tooth extraction, one should also remember about solid food, it can scratch the gums and move the saving lump of dried blood to the side, partially opening the wound. We'll have to try to eat soft and warm for about a month.

Norm indicators

And you also need to take into account those indications of the patient's condition that are recorded by doctors as normal. The following indicators should be remembered:

Swelling of the gums.
Swelling of cheeks.
Pain characteristic syndrome.
Aching sensations in the area of the former fossa.
The backlog of a blood clot of small pieces after a few days, or a week.
Sleepiness in the first few days.

Acute complications after tooth extraction

For reference: Alveolitis- this is a local suppuration that forms in the hole after tooth extraction due to insufficient disinfection of the oral cavity or its treatment with antiseptic materials.

Other complications, when a blood clot acquires non-standard characteristics after tooth extraction, can be in the following manifestations:

Copious amounts of scarlet (clear) blood for 12 consecutive hours without stopping.
Sharp pain that may signal that the trigeminal nerve has been affected.
The exit from the wound is some dark brown and even black "threads", "pieces".
Active numbness of the jaws for 4-5 days, which also indicates a violation of the nerve endings.
High body temperature - from 38 degrees.
Swelling when touched is extremely painful and prevents you from opening your mouth or eating normally.

Useful video: oral care after tooth extraction

Blood clot after tooth extraction: what the patient needs to know

Briefly about the procedure

Tooth extraction is a serious full-fledged operation that takes place in several stages:

treatment of the area to be operated on,
administration of an anesthetic drug.

What happens after the operation?

3-4 hours after the operation, the anesthetic continues to act, the patient either does not feel pain at all, or feels it weakly. Blood is released from the wound for several hours, and then exudate with blood. After removing the eights, exudate can be released throughout the day, since the operated area during the removal of wisdom teeth is more extensive than the others.

You can talk about an uncomplicated course of healing of the hole if:

no exudate is released from the hole, if you press it,
the pain is aching in nature and gradually disappears,
general condition and body temperature are normal,
puffiness of the cheek does not increase,
after 2-3 days, the bleeding from the wound stops.

How does the wound heal?

After extraction of the tooth, the hole heals for a long time even without complications. This is a lengthy process that can take from several weeks to several months:

on the second day after the operation, a blood clot appears in the wound, which protects tissues from infection and damage,
if the recovery process goes without complications, granulation tissue is formed on the 3-4th day,
the next week - the active formation of layers of the epithelium in the hole, the blood clot is displaced by granulation tissue. Primary bone formation occurs
after 2-3 weeks, the clot is completely replaced by the epithelium, bone tissue is clearly visible along the edges of the wound,
the formation of young tissue takes 30-45 days,
approximately two months later, the hole is completely overgrown with bone (osteoid) tissue saturated with calcium,
by the end of the 4th month after extraction, the young bone tissue “grows up”, its structure becomes porous,
after the completion of bone formation, the wound resolves by 1/3 of the root length.

After the operation, the gum sags (atrophies), this process lasts from 6 months to a year.

What influences the rate of healing?

The above terms are relative and individual, since the rate of tissue repair is affected by many factors. factors:

surgeon qualification,
the state of the root system,
hygiene quality,
condition of periodontal tissues.

All of the above adverse factors lead to the development of complications - alveolitis. This is an inflammatory process in the hole, which develops due to the penetration of infection into it. Most often, alveolitis occurs after a blood clot is washed out of the wound. In some cases, a clot does not form at all.

increasing pain that gradually spreads to nearby tissues,
as the inflammatory process progresses, symptoms of general intoxication of the body appear: body aches, weakness, temperature may rise,
swelling from the gums extends to neighboring tissues,
the gum mucosa turns red, after which it may acquire a bluish tint due to stagnation of blood,
due to the ingress of food debris into the wound, an unpleasant putrefactive odor from the mouth often occurs.

How to care for the hole after surgery?

don't blow your nose
very carefully brush your teeth near the operated area,
refrain from smoking
instead of rinsing, do oral baths,
follow a diet
avoid contact with the wound (do not touch it with your tongue, brush, toothpicks),
refrain from brushing your teeth on the day of extraction.

Other complications

In most cases, all complications after extraction develop due to an infection that has entered the well for various reasons. It can be:

A blood clot does not form in the hole, which delays the healing time and can cause alveolitis. In most cases, such a complication develops due to the fact that the patient actively rinses his mouth after surgery and simply flushes the blood clot from the wound. If you find yourself with a dry socket, see your doctor as soon as possible.

This is a serious complication of alveolitis, when the inflammatory process passes to the jaw bone. Treatment is carried out in a hospital.

You can damage the nerve when removing teeth with a large root system. In this case, the area of the cheek, palate, tongue, which are adjacent to the site of the extracted tooth, become numb and lose sensitivity.

Treatment involves taking B vitamins and drugs that stimulate the transmission of signals from the nerves to the muscles.

Complications rarely develop, treatment involves excision of the neoplasm.

After tooth extraction, do not delay the choice of prosthetics method, since the absence of even one tooth negatively affects the condition of the entire dentition.

Reading 21 min. Published on 11.12.2019

Dry socket, alveolitis: symptoms

As for the general symptoms, since alveolitis is not an acute inflammatory process, it usually does not cause fever or inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes. However, with its prolonged course, patients often feel weak, fatigued, and the temperature may rise (but not higher than 37.5 degrees).

Patient complaints -
on aching or throbbing pains in the area of the hole of the extracted tooth (of varying severity - from moderate to severe). Sometimes alveolar pain can also spread to other areas of the head and neck.
With the development of alveolitis, pain usually occurs 2-4 days after removal, and can last from 10 to 40 days - in the absence of qualified treatment. Sometimes the pain is so severe that even very strong analgesics do not save. In addition, almost all patients report bad breath, bad taste in the mouth.

When visually inspecting the hole -
you may see an empty socket without a blood clot (in this case, the alveolar bone in the depth of the socket will be exposed). Or the socket may be completely or partially filled with food debris or necrotic disintegration of the blood clot.
By the way, if the alveolar bone is exposed, then it is usually extremely painful when touched, as well as when in contact with cold or hot water. In some cases, the edges of the mucous membrane converge so closely to each other above the hole that it is completely invisible what is happening in its depth. But when washing such a well from a syringe with an antiseptic, the liquid will be cloudy, with a large amount of food residue.

Alveolitis after tooth extraction is quite easily diagnosed based on symptoms and visual inspection of the socket of the extracted tooth. Below we list the main symptoms that will allow you to calculate inflammation.

Lune pain with alveolitis -
they can be both acute and mild. There may also be associated headaches.

Bad smell -
suppuration of a blood clot or inflammation of an empty hole always proceeds with the appearance of an unpleasant smell of decay. Suppuration of the clot also leads to intoxication of the body, which can be expressed by poor health, fatigue, fever.

Swelling of the cheeks, gums -
in most cases, alveolitis occurs without swelling of the soft tissues of the face, tk. pus and infection have an outflow through a gaping empty hole. However, in some cases, suppuration of a blood clot can be acute, with a sharp swelling of the gums and soft tissues of the face, high fever, and acute pain.

First day after removal

But there are also norms adopted at the level of the Healthcare of the Russian Federation or the International level of the WHO (World Health Organization). In general, indicators in practice register that the hole begins to tighten slowly, over a period of several hours to several tens of hours. But if, in addition, the procedure for the rehabilitation of the operated gum area is still competently carried out, then in order for the hole to begin to slowly tighten, several hours are enough.

A soft gauze pad that is applied to the bleeding hole should be bitten tighter, thus pressing the wound.
You can’t keep a tampon from a bandage for a long time - just hold it for half an hour.
The tampon should be removed very slowly, gradually, and not jerkily, and very carefully.
If the blood is still oozing, then you need to hold the tampon for another half an hour. This is acceptable.
If even after an hour the bleeding does not stop, you should urgently contact your doctor, the same surgeon who tore the tooth.
If the bleeding has stopped, then periodically rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine or another disinfectant. It is especially necessary to keep this solution on the wound for 5 minutes.
For about an hour or two, it is recommended not to eat or drink anything.

Important! You can not apply a cotton swab to an open wound, but you can only use gauze! The fact is that cotton fibers (villi) can get inside the wound and cause suppuration there, or even worse - tissue necrosis when tissues die due to the presence of a foreign body inside their structure.

Alveolitis after tooth extraction: symptoms

There are many reasons why alveolitis develops. It can occur due to the fault of the doctor, and the fault of the patient, and for reasons beyond anyone's control. If we talk about the responsibility of the patient, then alveolitis can occur when -

Also, alveolitis can occur in women due to the increased content of estrogen in the blood during the menstrual cycle or as a result of taking oral contraceptives (birth control pills). A high concentration of estrogen leads to fibrinolysis of the blood clot in the hole, i.e. to degradation and destruction of the clot.

It is precisely because of fibrinolysis that the blood clot is destroyed both with poor oral hygiene and in the presence of carious teeth. The fact is that pathogenic bacteria that live in large numbers in the composition of dental deposits and in carious defects secrete toxins, which, like estrogens, lead to fibrinolysis of the blood clot in the hole.

When alveolitis occurs due to the fault of the doctor -

If the doctor left a tooth fragment, bone fragments, inactive fragments of bone tissue in the hole, which lead to injury to the blood clot and its destruction.

Large dose of vasoconstrictor in anesthetic
Alveolitis can occur if a doctor injects a large volume of an anesthetic with a high content of a vasoconstrictor (such as adrenaline) during anesthesia. Too much of the latter will cause the hole to simply not fill with blood after the extraction of the tooth. If this happens, the surgeon must scrape the bone walls with an instrument and cause alveolar bleeding.

Due to a large bone injury during removal -
As a rule, this happens in two cases: firstly, when the doctor cuts out the bone with a drill, without using water cooling of the bone at all (or when it is not sufficiently cooled). Overheating of the bone leads to its necrosis and the start of the process of destruction of the clot.
Secondly, many doctors try to remove a tooth for 1-2 hours (using only forceps and elevators), which cause such bone injury with these tools that alveolitis simply must develop. An experienced doctor, seeing a complex tooth, sometimes immediately cuts the crown into several parts and removes the tooth fragment by fragment (taking only 15-25 minutes for this), and thereby reduces the injury caused to the bone.

If, after a complex removal or removal against the background of purulent inflammation, the doctor did not prescribe antibiotics, which in these cases are considered mandatory.

Conclusions: Thus, the main causes of the destruction (fibrinolysis) of the blood clot are pathogenic bacteria, excessive mechanical trauma to the bone, and estrogens. Reasons of a different nature: smoking, a clot falling out while rinsing the mouth, and the fact that the hole did not fill with blood after the extraction of the tooth.

Cases in which the doctor is to blame -

The tooth was completely removed, but a granuloma / cyst remained in the depth of the hole, which infects the blood clot. In Fig. 8 - You can see the x-ray taken before the tooth was removed. The black arrows on the image mark the area filled with the cyst. After extracting the tooth from the hole (Fig. 9), it is also necessary to remove the cyst (Fig. 10), otherwise the blood clot will fester.

A fragment of a tooth or its root remains in the hole, which can infect a blood clot,

A mobile fragment of the surrounding bone tissue remained in the hole, which was formed during the dislocation of the tooth with forceps, which injures the blood clot,

There was a difficult extraction, or the tooth was removed against the background of purulent inflammation, but the doctor did not prescribe antibiotics and antiseptic baths,

After the extraction of the tooth, the tooth socket did not fill with blood (due to the action of adrenaline, which is part of the anesthesia), and the doctor let the patient go home with an empty hole, simply covering it with a swab.

What do we do when a tooth is pulled out? Even under the office, many examine the traces of the operation, fearing for its consequences. Fear intensifies after the end of the effect of painkillers: how long should the wound hurt, and when will the bleeding stop?

Blood clot after tooth extraction

On the first day, a blood clot appears at the site of the pulled out tooth - an important condition for high-quality wound healing. In order for the recovery to proceed without serious consequences, it is important to know how the wound should look during extraction, what needs to be done and what cannot be done with it during the recovery period.

Preparing for a visit to the dentist

If you prepare for the operation according to all the rules, you can avoid many unpleasant consequences.

A few words about the procedure

Tooth extraction is a complete surgical procedure. The operation consists of four stages.

Treatment of the area around the tooth to be removed.
Anesthetic injections - ampoules in carpules, where the anesthetic is combined with drugs to narrow the vessels. Usually, local anesthesia is used in the exit zone of the nerve that innervates the problem tooth, if this is not enough, anesthetics are added without additional effect. When the drug is injected into the inflamed gum with an acidic environment, part of it is inactivated, so additional anesthesia is used.
Extraction of the tooth after the anesthesia has worked (the gums become numb, the vessels narrow). To cut off the ligaments that fix the tooth, use a scalpel. The choice of instruments and the duration of the procedure depend on the condition of the tooth.
Treatment of the oral cavity after removal: suturing (if the wound is torn or its edges are far from each other) and a gauze swab soaked in a hemostatic agent (it must be kept in the teeth for 20 minutes, since the effectiveness of the hemostatic drug increases the compression of the wound). Do not rush to remove the tampon.

gum incision

Preparing for removal

Removal of a tooth

Insertion of a tampon

Suturing

The bleeding itself from the hole does not carry a mortal danger. In medical practice, only one case of death was recorded when blood from the wound entered the respiratory tract, because the patient was intoxicated. Bleeding was complicated due to cirrhosis of the liver, which disrupts coagulation, in addition, the woman had three teeth removed at once.

After operation

After three hours, the painkillers still retain their strength, so patients do not feel pain or it manifests itself weakly. Pure blood or ichor can stand out from the hole all this time. If the figure eight was removed, this can last all day, since the area of surgical intervention in the wisdom tooth is larger than in other teeth.

Bleeding from hole

On the second day, the hole has an unattractive appearance: a blood clot with a grayish coating. It looks like pus, but you should not be afraid of it: it is fibrin - a substance that facilitates the recovery of the wound. If everything goes well, the pain will be aching and subside by the end of the day. If the nature of the pain is different - sharp, pulsating, and there is scarlet blood from the wound, you should urgently see a dentist.

At first, the hole may smell bad. There is no need to be afraid of this: blood accumulates there, and since it cannot be rinsed out, bacteria settle in the wound. If you feel normal, there is no fever, there is no reason for concern either.

The rehabilitation process is normal if:

when touching the wound, the ichor does not appear;
aching pain gradually disappears;
feeling normal (temperature up to 38 ° is possible only in the first two hours);
puffiness on the cheek decreases (if it was not there before the extraction, it should not appear at all);
after 3 days, the wound no longer bleeds.

2 weeks after removal

To reduce bleeding, you can make a tampon yourself. Positioning it so that the edges do not injure the blood clot, hold the napkin for half an hour. In the pharmacy network, you can buy a hemostatic sponge, which can be used for heavy bleeding, for example, with liver failure.

Hemostatic sponge

The well is closed with a hemostatic sponge.

You can drink one or two tablets of Dicinon or Etamzilat (no more than 8 pieces per day).

Dicynon tablets

You can’t experiment with hydrogen peroxide: it reacts to blood components, destroying a blood clot and increasing blood flow.

How is the healing process

Even if there are no complications, the wound is completely tightened from four to six months.

On the 2nd day, a thrombus appears in the well - a protective gate against mechanical damage and infections.
If healing proceeds normally, on the third day it is already possible to see granulation tissue at the site of the operation.
In the second week, the epithelium actively grows, instead of a clot, granulation tissue appears. There is a primary restoration of bone structures.
In 2-3 weeks, it displaces the thrombus and bone tissue is visible along the perimeter.
Reconstruction of new tissues stretches for 30-45 days.
Approximately 60 days later, the hole is closed by osteoid tissue impregnated with calcium.
After 4 months, the bone becomes "adult", with a porous structure.
When the bone is fully formed, the wound should be resorbed by a third of the length of the root.
After extraction, the gum atrophies, the process of settling continues for 6-12 months.

Stages of tissue healing after tooth extraction

What determines the rate of tissue regeneration

The indicated terms are approximate information, since many factors influence the recovery process:

doctor qualification,
root condition,
hygiene procedures,
gum health.

If a tooth is removed at the time of an exacerbation of the disease, healing slows down. A torn wound also tightens it, especially during operations on eights. Particular attention is paid to high-quality processing after the procedure. If fragments of the tooth remain in the hole, they will interfere with the formation of a protective thrombus, as a result, everything will end with an inflammatory process that lengthens the recovery period.

Healing hole in place of the wisdom tooth

After removal, the surgeon will definitely give advice on proper wound care. If you ignore the advice or follow them irregularly, complications are inevitable.

Since the thrombus closes the vulnerable well, it is important not to disturb it. If you start rinsing immediately after visiting the dental office, you can wash it. An unprotected wound is easily infected.

Rinsing after tooth extraction is prohibited

If there are problems with blood pressure drops, sometimes the wound bleeds for a long time. After normalization of pressure bleeding usually stops.

Complications during extraction

All adverse conditions lead to alveolitis - inflammation that develops after infection of the wound. Most often, problems begin after a blood clot falls out. Sometimes a clot does not form at all.

Alveolitis of the tooth socket

If you rinse your mouth, alveolitis is diagnosed after 1-3 days. The pressure of water washes away protection and inflammation is guaranteed. Its signs:

increasing pain, gradually capturing neighboring areas;
with the spread of inflammation, general signs of intoxication also increase: fever, aching joints, loss of strength;
swelling goes to the nearest areas;
the mucosa turns red-blue due to impaired blood supply;
bad smell from the problem area, in which food remains accumulate.

All other complications also develop after infection of the wound. Their features are conveniently presented in the table.

dry hole	The thrombus has not formed, the recovery time is delayed, there is a threat of alveolitis. Most often happens with active rinsing. A dry socket should be shown to the dentist.
Osteomyelitis	A severe consequence when the alveolitis spreads to the jawbone. Requires inpatient treatment.
Nerve damage	If the tooth has massive roots, there is a possibility of nerve damage. All tissues near the tooth lose sensitivity. For treatment, a vitamin complex and drugs are used that accelerate the transmission of nerve impulses to muscle tissues.
	A serious complication involves surgical methods of elimination.

After restoration, it is not necessary to delay with prosthetics, since the absence of any unit of the dentition has a bad effect on the condition of the entire oral cavity.

Prosthetics

Oral hygiene after extraction

An important condition for the rapid healing of the wound is the formation of a normal blood clot that protects the well from infection and mechanical influences. Therefore, the number one task should be to protect the hole from the external aggressive environment. To prevent unwanted consequences, you must follow simple rules.

Blow your nose carefully.
In the operated area, brush your teeth with special attention; on the first day - do not clean at all.
Try not to smoke, as a blood clot can be pulled out by the negative pressure generated when smoke is swallowed.
Do not smoke after tooth extraction
Replace rinses with salt baths for the oral cavity (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 glass of water). Frequency - 2-3 rubles / day. 1 min. You can use furatsilin, chamomile and sage. Baths are necessary if before removal there was purulent inflammation of the gums, cyst, pulpitis.
Salt solution
Stick to a diet: do not drink alcohol, spicy and hot foods (increase bleeding), as well as solid foods that can provoke mechanical damage and inflammation of the wound.
Avoid contact with the hole (brush, tongue, toothpick). Remains of food are removed using salt baths. The first days try not to chew on the half where there is a wound.
Rules after tooth extraction

To reduce blood flow to the problem area, you need to sleep on high pillows. In the first week, water procedures should be avoided - going to the bathhouse or to the pond. Significant physical activity should be postponed until full recovery.

Within three hours after the extraction, food or water is not allowed so that the blood clot can form normally.

If there were no complications in the recovery phase, the wound was not cleaned with medical instruments, after 4 months it will heal completely, otherwise the process may drag on for six months.

On the video - What to do after tooth extraction

In most cases, complications after a tooth extraction operation have been performed do not arise due to the wrong actions of the doctor, but due to the fact that the patient did not perform oral hygiene correctly, did not follow the doctor's recommendations and did not monitor the state of the patient. located hole after tooth extraction.

Doctor's actions after tooth extraction

After the tooth is extracted, the doctor carefully examines its roots to make sure that there are no fragments left in the hole. After that, a thorough examination is carried out, while the doctor examines the walls and bottom of the hole with a special small surgical spoon, while extracting fragments of the tooth or fragments of the alveoli.

Sometimes it is necessary to scrape the walls of the granulation hole, then inspect the gums, and if there is damage, sutures may be applied. Then the edges of the hole are brought together, and a gauze swab is applied to it, which the patient must bite and hold in this position for fifteen to twenty minutes. It is not recommended to hold a cotton or gauze ball longer, as it becomes saturated with saliva, prevents the formation of a blood clot, which is necessary for the hole to heal faster after tooth extraction and is a source of infection.

If bleeding develops in the first twenty-four hours after the operation, then you should take a sterile gauze pad, make a tampon out of it, put it on the hole and bite.

In no case should a blood clot from the hole be touched, washed off or removed, it protects the wound from infection and promotes its speedy healing.

You should try not to spit and rinse your mouth for twenty-four hours.

You should stop drinking hot drinks and food, do not smoke, do not rinse your mouth (unless, of course, the doctor recommended such procedures), even if an unpleasant bloody taste is felt in the mouth.

If pain occurs, you can take analgesics: ketorol, nice, analgin, etc.

At night, it is worth putting an extra pillow under your head so that your head is in an elevated position.

On the first day after the operation, you should not brush your teeth near the socket, then you can resume regular brushing, but at the same time be careful in the area of the socket.

Alternately applying warm and cold wipes will help relieve swelling.

Complications after tooth extraction

If the hole after tooth extraction has lost its clot as a result of rinsing, or the clot has not formed at all, then a complication may occur, which dentists call a “dry socket”. A blood clot is a very important component of the proper healing of the wound, and if it is absent, then the process of tightening the hole can take a long time. The patient often begins to experience dull pain in the area of the extracted tooth, and bad breath may occur. If a dry socket has formed, then a visit to the doctor is mandatory. The dentist places a gauze swab soaked in a special medicine into the wound, which reduces pain and helps to tighten the hole as soon as possible. You need to change your tampon every day. Most often, this complication occurs in smokers, as well as in people over thirty years old.

If nerve endings were damaged during tooth extraction, then paresthesia occurs - numbness of the lips, chin, tongue or cheeks. The sensation that accompanies this disease is similar to that which occurs after the doctor gives you a local anesthesia. However, it does not disappear after a few hours, and can last from two days to several weeks. If the nerve damage was severe, then the paresthesia may be permanent.

The hole after tooth extraction usually bleeds within a few hours. If the bone tissue was injured as a result of complex removal, then hole bleeding can last longer and be very intense. In such cases, you should consult a doctor.

clot formation mechanism

Important! Sometimes bleeding opens after a few hours. Accordingly, the appearance of a blood clot is delayed. This is due to the introduction of large doses of anesthesia - adrenaline in its composition temporarily constricts blood vessels.

If the operation was difficult, a large area was damaged, the edges of the gums were severely cut, the doctor puts stitches. They will help keep the clot in the alveolus.

Stages of healing of the hole

Important! The duration of repair depends on the type of extraction (simple, complex), the degree and volume of damaged tissues. So, healing occurs faster if the canine, incisor was removed, the wound heals longer after extraction of chewing, impacted teeth.

Reparation takes place in several stages:

1st day. A blood clot of dark red, sometimes burgundy color is formed in the alveolus.
2 - 3rd day. Whitish films appear - young epithelium. This color is due to the leaching of hemoglobin and the production of fibrin. You should be wary if a gray-green, yellow tint appears, a putrid smell is heard.
3 - 4 days. Connective tissue is formed, granulations appear. Due to the dense white coating, patients are frightened by what the hole looks like, they try to pick off the film. But this is normal, you should not clean the clot.
7 - 8 days. The alveolus is overgrown with epithelium. The clot is almost completely replaced by granulations, they shine through the top layer. The process of bone formation begins.
14 - 18 days. The wound is completely covered with epithelial tissue, and the clot is replaced by granulations.
Month. Young bone tissue is formed in the alveolus.
2 - 3 months. Bone cells completely fill the hole.
4 - 6 month. There is a compaction of the bone tissue, its fusion with the jaw. The height of the alveolar ridge decreases - it is 1/3 lower than the edge of the holes of other teeth.

These stages are typical for normal healing. If the removal was difficult, or the clot fell out at some stage, the repair is delayed.

How to prevent a clot from falling out?

Thrombus formation is essential for normal repair. To prevent it from falling out, observe the following recommendations:

do not rinse your mouth for 2 - 3 days - only baths with antiseptic solutions are allowed;
do not try to feel the hole with your tongue, clean food out of it with toothpicks;
brush their teeth with a soft brush in the morning, in the evening and after each meal, carefully passing it next to the operated area;
do not drink drinks through a straw - this creates a vacuum effect;
exclude heavy physical exertion;
do not eat hot, cold, hard, irritating food;
do not heat the operation site - heat provokes inflammation and reproduction of microorganisms;
it is forbidden to smoke and drink alcohol - the substances in their composition irritate unhealed tissues;
do not take a bath - only a shower is allowed.

After extraction, a blood clot normally forms. If the formation of a thrombus did not occur, complications develop in 100% of cases: dry socket, inflammation, suppuration, alveolitis. Complete reparation lasts up to six months, but the main healing occurs in 2-3 weeks.

Briefly about the procedure

How does the wound heal?

factors:

surgeon qualification,
the state of the root system,
hygiene quality,
condition of periodontal tissues.

Alveolitis

Symptoms alveolitis:

don't blow your nose
refrain from smoking
follow a diet

Other complications

Complications	Peculiarities
dry hole
Osteomyelitis
Nerve damage
Cyst

Alveolitis after tooth extraction: symptoms

Patient complaints -
on aching or throbbing pains in the area of the hole of the extracted tooth (of varying severity - from moderate to severe). Sometimes alveolar pain can also spread to other areas of the head and neck. With the development of alveolitis, pain usually occurs 2-4 days after removal, and can last from 10 to 40 days - in the absence of qualified treatment. Sometimes the pain is so severe that even very strong analgesics do not save. In addition, almost all patients report bad breath, bad taste in the mouth.

When visually inspecting the hole -
you may see an empty socket without a blood clot (in this case, the alveolar bone in the depth of the socket will be exposed). Or the hole can be completely or partially filled with food debris or necrotic disintegration of a blood clot. By the way, if the alveolar bone is exposed, it is usually extremely painful when touched, as well as when in contact with cold or hot water. In some cases, the edges of the mucous membrane converge so closely to each other above the hole that it is completely invisible what is happening in its depth. But when washing such a well from a syringe with an antiseptic, the liquid will be cloudy, with a large amount of food residue.

Dry socket after wisdom tooth extraction

Alveolitis after the removal of a wisdom tooth may, in addition, have several more symptoms (in addition to those listed above). We are talking about difficulty opening the mouth or painful swallowing. Also due to the fact that the hole of the 8th tooth is usually located deep in the soft tissues - suppuration from the hole develops there more often (see video 2).

Alveolitis: video

In video 1 below, you can see that there is no blood clot in the hole, the bone is exposed there, and also in the depth of the hole is filled with food debris. And in video 2 - alveolitis of the lower wisdom teeth, when the patient presses his finger on the gum in the region of 7-8 teeth, and copious purulent discharge comes from the holes.

Dry socket after tooth extraction: causes

When alveolitis occurs due to the fault of the doctor –

If the doctor left a tooth fragment, bone fragments, inactive fragments of bone tissue in the hole, which lead to injury to the blood clot and its destruction.

Large dose of vasoconstrictor in anesthetic
Alveolitis can occur if a doctor injects a large volume of an anesthetic with a high content of a vasoconstrictor (such as adrenaline) during anesthesia. Too much of the latter will cause the hole to simply not fill with blood after the extraction of the tooth. If this happens, the surgeon must scrape the bone walls with an instrument and cause alveolar bleeding.

If the doctor left a cyst / granulation in the well -
when removing a tooth with a diagnosis of periodontitis, the doctor must necessarily scrape out a cyst or granulations (Fig. 10), which could not come out with the tooth, but remain in the depth of the hole. If the doctor did not revise the hole after extracting the root of the tooth and left the cyst in the hole, a blood clot will fester.

Due to a large bone injury during removal -
As a rule, this happens in two cases: firstly, when the doctor cuts out the bone with a drill, without using water cooling of the bone at all (or when it is not sufficiently cooled). Overheating of the bone leads to its necrosis and the start of the clot destruction process. Secondly, many doctors try to remove a tooth for 1-2 hours (using only forceps and elevators), which cause such bone injury with these tools that alveolitis simply must develop. An experienced doctor, seeing a complex tooth, sometimes immediately cuts the crown into several parts and removes the tooth fragment by fragment (taking only 15-25 minutes for this), and thereby reduces the injury caused to the bone.

If, after a complex removal or removal against the background of purulent inflammation, the doctor did not prescribe antibiotics, which in these cases are considered mandatory.

Conclusions: thus, the main causes of the destruction (fibrinolysis) of the blood clot are pathogenic bacteria, excessive mechanical trauma to the bone, and estrogens. Reasons of a different nature: smoking, a clot falling out while rinsing the mouth, and the fact that the hole did not fill with blood after the extraction of the tooth. There are reasons that do not depend on either the patient or the doctor, for example, if a tooth is removed against the background of acute purulent inflammation - in this case it is foolish to blame the doctor for the development of alveolitis.

Treatment of alveolitis -

If alveolitis develops in the hole after tooth extraction, treatment at the first stage should be carried out only by a dental surgeon. This is due to the fact that the hole can be filled with necrotic disintegration of a blood clot, there may be inactive fragments and fragments of a bone or tooth. Therefore, the main task of the doctor at this stage is to scrape it all out of the hole. It is clear that no patient can do it on his own - it will not work.

Antiseptic rinses and antibiotics (without cleaning the socket) - can only temporarily alleviate the symptoms of inflammation, but do not lead to healing of the socket. But at a later stage, when the inflammation in the hole subsides, patients will already be able to independently treat the hole with special epithelial agents to speed up its healing.

Thus, the main method of treatment will be curettage of the hole, but there is also a second technique - by creating a secondary blood clot in the hole of the extracted tooth. Learn more about these methods...

1. Curettage of the tooth socket with alveolitis -

Under anesthesia, a festering blood clot, food residues, and necrotic plaque are removed from the walls of the hole. Without removal of necrotic plaque and disintegration of the blood clot (containing a huge amount of infection) - any treatment will be useless.
The well is washed with antiseptics, dried, after which it is filled with an antiseptic (iodoform turunda). Usually every 4-5 days the turunda needs to be changed, i.e. you will have to go to the doctor at least 3 times.
The doctor will prescribe you antibiotics, antiseptic baths, and painkillers - if necessary.

Doctor's appointments after curettage of the tooth socket –

What can be done at home -

After the acute symptoms of inflammation subside, there is no need for antiseptic turundas inside the hole, because. they do not help the wound heal faster (epithelialize). At this stage, the best method of treatment will be to fill the hole with a special Dental Adhesive Paste (Solcoseryl). This drug has just an excellent analgesic effect (after 2-3 hours the pain will practically stop, and after 1-2 days it will disappear completely), and it also accelerates healing many times over.

Usage scheme -
in the hole washed with an antiseptic and slightly dried with a dry gauze swab, this paste is introduced (completely filling the hole). The paste is perfectly fixed in the hole, does not fall out of it. It is not necessary to remove the paste from the hole, because. it slowly dissolves itself, giving way to growing gum tissue. The only thing that may be required is to periodically report it to the hole.

How to rinse the well from food debris -

In some situations (when the turunda fell out of the hole, and there is no way to immediately consult a doctor), it may be necessary to wash the hole. After all, after each meal, the hole will become clogged with food residues that will cause new inflammation. Rinsing will not help here, but you can easily rinse the well with a syringe.

Important: at the syringe from the very beginning it is necessary to bite the sharp edge of the needle! Next, bend the needle a little, and fill a 5.0 ml syringe with a 0.05% Chlorhexidine solution (it is sold ready-made in every pharmacy for 20-30 rubles). Screw the needle tightly so that it does not fly off when you press the syringe plunger! Place the blunt end of the beveled needle at the top of the well (do not insert too deep to avoid tissue injury) and flush the well with pressure. If necessary, do this after every meal.

In principle, after that, the well can be dried with a gauze swab and treated with Solcoseryl. We hope that our article on the topic: Alveolitis after tooth extraction, symptoms, treatment - turned out to be useful to you!

First day after removal

Norm indicators

Swelling of the gums.
Swelling of cheeks.
Pain characteristic syndrome.

For reference: Alveolitis

First day after removal

A soft gauze pad that is applied to the bleeding hole should be bitten tighter, thus pressing the wound.
You can’t keep a tampon from a bandage for a long time - just hold it for half an hour.
The tampon should be removed very slowly, gradually, and not jerkily, and very carefully.
If the blood is still oozing, then you need to hold the tampon for another half an hour. This is acceptable.
If even after an hour the bleeding does not stop, you should urgently contact your doctor, the same surgeon who tore the tooth.
If the bleeding has stopped, then periodically rinse your mouth with chlorhexidine or another disinfectant. It is especially necessary to keep this solution on the wound for 5 minutes.
For about an hour or two, it is recommended not to eat or drink anything.

Why is clot formation so important?

Additional information: On average, the wound should be well tightened within 3 days, although the hole does not immediately overgrow, it needs more time. And the blood flow should stop after a few hours with the formation of a corresponding clot.

Restorative therapy after removal

For reference: The patient himself can also examine what the clot looks like after tooth extraction at home, if the wound is available for viewing. However, it would be better if the doctor does it. Because if you damaged the wound with solid food, then it may not heal well, the clot may shift from pieces of food. Therefore, it is recommended to eat something softer on recovery days.

What will help you recover faster?

All medicines that were prescribed by a dental surgeon should be used according to medical instructions.
Teeth cleaning should be carried out with a soft toothbrush in the area of tissue damage. You need to buy a brush with silk bristles.
Hot food is excluded from consumption for a period of several days.
Do not eat dairy products for three days. They cause a large number of bacteria in the mouth.
You should do without physical activity for 30 days, so as not to create once again the intensity of blood flow.
It is impossible to warm up the jaw until the fossa is completely tightened.
It is forbidden to smoke and use intoxicating or alcoholic substances - this sharply weakens the immune system.

For reference: Hot food causes bleeding, so you should eat warm food. To understand how long a blood clot lasts after tooth extraction, one should also remember about solid food, it can scratch the gums and move the saving lump of dried blood to the side, partially opening the wound. We'll have to try to eat soft and warm for about a month.

Norm indicators

And you also need to take into account those indications of the patient's condition that are recorded by doctors as normal. The following indicators should be remembered:

Swelling of the gums.
Swelling of cheeks.
Pain characteristic syndrome.
Aching sensations in the area of the former fossa.
The backlog of a blood clot of small pieces after a few days, or a week.
Sleepiness in the first few days.

Acute complications after tooth extraction

For reference: Alveolitis- this is a local suppuration that forms in the hole after tooth extraction due to insufficient disinfection of the oral cavity or its treatment with antiseptic materials.

Other complications, when a blood clot acquires non-standard characteristics after tooth extraction, can be in the following manifestations:

Copious amounts of scarlet (clear) blood for 12 consecutive hours without stopping.
Sharp pain that may signal that the trigeminal nerve has been affected.
The exit from the wound is some dark brown and even black "threads", "pieces".
Active numbness of the jaws for 4-5 days, which also indicates a violation of the nerve endings.
High body temperature - from 38 degrees.
Swelling when touched is extremely painful and prevents you from opening your mouth or eating normally.

Useful video: oral care after tooth extraction

Briefly about the procedure

Tooth extraction is a serious full-fledged operation that takes place in several stages:

treatment of the area to be operated on,
administration of an anesthetic drug.

What happens after the operation?

3-4 hours after the operation, the anesthetic continues to act, the patient either does not feel pain at all, or feels it weakly. Blood is released from the wound for several hours, and then exudate with blood. After removing the eights, exudate can be released throughout the day, since the operated area during the removal of wisdom teeth is more extensive than the others.

You can talk about an uncomplicated course of healing of the hole if:

no exudate is released from the hole, if you press it,
the pain is aching in nature and gradually disappears,
general condition and body temperature are normal,
puffiness of the cheek does not increase,
after 2-3 days, the bleeding from the wound stops.

How does the wound heal?

After extraction of the tooth, the hole heals for a long time even without complications. This is a lengthy process that can take from several weeks to several months:

on the second day after the operation, a blood clot appears in the wound, which protects tissues from infection and damage,
if the recovery process goes without complications, granulation tissue is formed on the 3-4th day,
the next week - the active formation of layers of the epithelium in the hole, the blood clot is displaced by granulation tissue. Primary bone formation occurs
after 2-3 weeks, the clot is completely replaced by the epithelium, bone tissue is clearly visible along the edges of the wound,
the formation of young tissue takes 30-45 days,
approximately two months later, the hole is completely overgrown with bone (osteoid) tissue saturated with calcium,
by the end of the 4th month after extraction, the young bone tissue “grows up”, its structure becomes porous,
after the completion of bone formation, the wound resolves by 1/3 of the root length.

After the operation, the gum sags (atrophies), this process lasts from 6 months to a year.

What influences the rate of healing?

The above terms are relative and individual, since the rate of tissue repair is affected by many factors. factors:

surgeon qualification,
the state of the root system,
hygiene quality,
condition of periodontal tissues.

Alveolitis

increasing pain that gradually spreads to nearby tissues,
as the inflammatory process progresses, symptoms of general intoxication of the body appear: body aches, weakness, temperature may rise,
swelling from the gums extends to neighboring tissues,
the gum mucosa turns red, after which it may acquire a bluish tint due to stagnation of blood,
due to the ingress of food debris into the wound, an unpleasant putrefactive odor from the mouth often occurs.

How to care for the hole after surgery?

don't blow your nose
very carefully brush your teeth near the operated area,
refrain from smoking
instead of rinsing, do oral baths,
follow a diet
avoid contact with the wound (do not touch it with your tongue, brush, toothpicks),
refrain from brushing your teeth on the day of extraction.

Other complications

In most cases, all complications after extraction develop due to an infection that has entered the well for various reasons. It can be:

Complications	Peculiarities
dry hole	A blood clot does not form in the hole, which delays the healing time and can cause alveolitis. In most cases, such a complication develops due to the fact that the patient actively rinses his mouth after surgery and simply flushes the blood clot from the wound. If you find yourself with a dry socket, see your doctor as soon as possible.
Osteomyelitis	This is a serious complication of alveolitis, when the inflammatory process passes to the jaw bone. Treatment is carried out in a hospital.
Nerve damage	You can damage the nerve when removing teeth with a large root system. In this case, the area of the cheek, palate, tongue, which are adjacent to the site of the extracted tooth, become numb and lose sensitivity. Treatment involves taking B vitamins and drugs that stimulate the transmission of signals from the nerves to the muscles.
Cyst	Complications rarely develop, treatment involves excision of the neoplasm.

After tooth extraction, do not delay the choice of prosthetics method, since the absence of even one tooth negatively affects the condition of the entire dentition.