Providing 1 assistance for arterial bleeding. How to identify arterial bleeding and provide first aid

A situation that has resulted in serious injury and arterial bleeding requires quick and decisive action, since first aid for bleeding must be provided immediately. Such a case requires special concentration and composure. The life of the victim depends on how accurately first aid is provided for arterial bleeding.

Kinds

• Arterial.
• Venous.
• Capillary.

An artery is a vessel with a dense and strong septum through which blood flows under great pressure, carrying oxygen from the heart muscle, feeding the organs and tissues of the body. If this vessel is damaged, the process of rapid blood loss begins. In this kind of process, blood goes beyond the boundaries of the blood channel. Any injured artery is a threat of death, which occurs in about an hour. If a large artery is damaged, then the time to provide assistance is no more than two minutes. This is the most dangerous of all types of bleeding.

A vein is a vessel with a thinner wall. The blood flowing through the veins contains large quantities of carbon dioxide and small amounts of oxygen. The consequence of a deep cut or wound is, which is also fraught with noticeable loss of blood. The resulting air embolism threatens to block the veins.

Capillaries are small vessels that carry out gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide and are located very close to the surface of the skin. They are very easily injured, leaving abrasions and wounds. Their damage does not cause excessive blood loss, but there is a risk of infectious inflammation on damaged surfaces.

Arterial bleeding can be easily distinguished from venous bleeding by several external signs.

The blood flowing through the veins is dark and thick. Arterial blood differs from venous blood in its bright red color and watery composition.

From the damaged aorta, blood pulsates like a fountain simultaneously with the contraction of the heart muscle, resulting in life-threatening blood loss, causing compression of blood vessels and loss of consciousness.

If a venous vessel is damaged, then blood flows out of the damaged area randomly and not so quickly. This distinguishes arterial bleeding from venous bleeding.

Temporary stop

Before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to carry out a number of actions to ensure a temporary stop of arterial bleeding.

(arterial) by points:

• When providing first aid for bleeding, you need to remember the anatomical features of the human body. Considering that the blood flow is started by the heart muscle, the artery needs to be clamped slightly above the damaged area. The exception is the neck and head area. In this case, the artery is pinched below the damaged area.
• To prevent the artery from slipping away, it must be pressed firmly against the bone.
• If a limb is injured, it is necessary to position the person so that the injury site is located above the level of the heart. This helps reduce the intensity of bleeding.
• Small ones are pinched with fingers, and large aortas, located in the femoral part and abdominal aorta, are pinched with a fist.

Techniques to temporarily stop arterial bleeding:

• Finger compression of the injured vessel.
• Application of a constricting bandage (tourniquet).
• Using a compression bandage.

Using finger pressure, light bleeding stops. In this case, the artery is pressed against the bone with both hands for 10 to 15 minutes. It is used when it is impossible to use a compressive bandage. This method is effective in preventing blood loss from the injured artery of the head and neck.

A compression bandage for bleeding is used to prevent blood loss from small arteries. To do this, the injured vessel must be pressed with a thick cloth. The wound is tightly bandaged with dressing material.

A tourniquet is the most reliable method for injuring large arteries running in the extremities. In the absence of a medical tourniquet, any suitable object (belt, bandage, hose, rope) is used.

The tourniquet is applied only to the compress over the wound. We must not forget that in the summer the tourniquet can be applied for no more than 1 hour, and in the winter - no more than half an hour. 10 minutes after the tourniquet is applied, you need to loosen it a little. The same should be repeated at intervals of 15 to 20 minutes.

A tourniquet cannot be applied:

• On a third of the thigh (lower area).
• On a third of the shoulder in the middle.
• On a third of the lower leg (upper region).

When providing first aid, you must remember the rules for stopping blood loss from various arteries.

Injury and bleeding of the brachial artery - the victim’s arm should be placed behind the head or raised. Pinch the vessel with your fingers in a circular manner. The armpit should press firmly against the bone.

For wounded limbs: lift it and apply a pressure bandage.

If the iliac or subclavian artery is damaged, then a tight tamponade is made using sterile gauze swabs placed in the wound, and a pack of unrolled bandages is tightly bandaged on top.

• You need to place several packs of bandages in the bend of your elbow and squeeze your arm in the joint as tightly as possible. Then tighten the area above the injury with a tourniquet at a distance of 5 cm.

First aid for femoral artery:

• Using the force of weight, it is necessary to clamp the aorta, which is located in the groin area near the femur. Using the thumbs of both hands, apply forceful pressure to a point in the groin. Use the remaining fingers to clasp the thigh completely.

• The upper third of the thigh is very tightly pinched in the inner groin area. The top is secured with a tourniquet.

The carotid artery must be clamped below the scarification site. Pressure is applied to the vertebrae on the front surface of the neck on the side of the larynx, then apply a pressure bandage, under which a gauze bandage should be placed. Then a tourniquet is applied, pulled over the injured person’s arm thrown behind the head.

When scarifying the temporal aorta, the vessel is pressed with the thumb against the temporal bone, which is located in front of the auricle.

If the shoulder is injured, it is necessary to clamp the artery at the bony protrusion with a fist in the armpit and fix the arm tightly pressed to the body.

It is necessary to press your fist to the spine at the level of the navel. Under no circumstances should you let go of your hand.

To stop bleeding from the lower leg, it is necessary to pull the maximally bent leg towards the stomach.

Arterial bleeding is the most dangerous. It is characterized by bright red light blood that comes out of the wound in a pulsating fountain. There is very little time to provide assistance.

How to stop arterial bleeding

General rules for providing first aid for arterial bleeding

If an artery is damaged, the wound should be pressed with your fingers just above the bleeding site, or below if it is the neck or head. With proper pressure, bleeding slows down. Then we use a tourniquet or bandage the wound as described below. Using a sterile bandage, gauze pads, or cotton pads, which are tightly fixed with a bandage. This will literally stop the bleeding. Then the victim must be taken to the hospital.

Applying a tourniquet

The arms and legs (limbs) need to be tied with a tourniquet. The tourniquet is applied above the wound, and a fabric or gauze bandage is placed under the tourniquet. Make several rounds with a tourniquet; after proper application, the bleeding stops and there is no pulsation of this artery. The tourniquet is applied for 2 hours in the warm season and for 1 hour 30 minutes. in winter. Be sure to put a note under the tourniquet indicating the time it was applied. Transport the patient to the hospital.

A tourniquet that is twisted (from scrap materials)

Tie a cloth (shirt, T-shirt, bandage, cloth belt) onto the limb with arterial bleeding and insert a hard stick or other object through it that will allow you to twist the cloth.

Maximum flexion of the injured arm/leg

There is also a method for maximum flexion of the limbs. This will ensure that the artery is bent, similar to bending a garden hose. Before this, we will place a roll of bandage or other material into the bend of the joint. This will ensure that the artery bends, similar to the principle of bending a garden hose through which water passes.

Help with arterial bleeding of the shoulder

You need to place your hand behind your back as much as possible and fix it (Fig. A).

For bleeding of the femoral artery

The leg should be bent at the hip and knee joints, and then fixed to the stomach (Fig. B).

Carotid artery wound

The wound should be compressed just below the bleeding. Use a sterile bandage, gauze pads, or cotton pads, which are tightly fixed with a bandage, through the raised arm on the side opposite the wound. You can use a splint instead of your arm.

Special preparations

To stop arterial bleeding, you can use local hemostatic agents. They come in the form of powders, liquids, sponges, or dressings.

First aid for arterial bleeding from wounds of the limbs, neck and torso often requires further treatment in the hospital, the above recommendations only provide additional time to save lives.

Arterial bleeding is characterized by a massive splash, a fountain of blood from the injured area. This condition is quite dangerous, since if first aid was not provided in a timely manner, the person may die from blood loss.

Features and Basics

When the integrity of the arteries is compromised, intense bleeding occurs. These are large vessels with strong walls; they carry oxygenated blood from the heart to all organs of the human body. That is why their internal pulsation corresponds to the rhythm and frequency of heart contractions.

Oxygen-rich arterial blood has a scarlet-red hue, while venous blood is dark and burgundy. When bleeding begins, blood flows out in a pulsating fountain, which is caused by increased pressure due to contraction of the left ventricle of the heart, which pumps blood.

Causes

Bleeding occurs under the influence of a number of factors:

• Mechanical damage. The problem arises due to injury, trauma, rupture, burn or frostbite.
• Erosive form - when the structure of the vessel wall is damaged. This may be preceded by destructive inflammatory processes, necrosis, and tumor.
• The diapedetic type is characteristic of people with increased permeability of small vessels. The condition can occur when taking certain medications or a number of pathologies, for example, vitamin deficiency, smallpox, scarlet fever, vasculitis, uremia.

In addition, arterial bleeding can occur with diseases of the circulatory system, when poor blood clotting is observed. Less commonly, the causes lie in general ailments, such as diabetes mellitus, infectious pathologies, and liver dysfunction.

Classification

Based on the type of vascular damage, there are 5 types of bleeding in medicine:

• Capillary. In this case, small vessels suffer. Bleeding is weak and short-lived. The color of blood is red.
• Venous. The middle vessels are damaged. The blood is dark in color and flows out in a stream. The speed is directly related to the diameter of the vessel.
• Arterial. Caused by a violation of the integrity of large vessels. The stream is liquefied, scarlet, pulsating. High rate of blood loss.
• Parenchymal. Caused by damage to the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. Due to the peculiarity of the localization of organs, it poses a great danger to the health of the victim.
• Mixed. All types of vessels are involved.

Arterial bleeding is divided into 2 large groups:

• External, when damage is visible and blood is emitted outside.
• Internal. Characterized by the leakage of blood into tissues, cavities, and organ lumens. The internal type can be hidden or explicit. In the first case, the blood remains in the cavity. If it is obvious, the leaked mass eventually comes out through feces, urine, and vomit.

Depending on the period of occurrence, bleeding can be primary or secondary, that is, it appears immediately after injury or after a certain period of time.

Symptoms

Arterial bleeding is characterized by intensity, rate of blood loss and the bright shade of the latter.

Capillary appears as large red drops over the entire surface of the wound. The speed is low, the blood loss is small.

Venous is characterized by purple stripes. The speed is greater, blood loss depends on the diameter of the wound.

The arterial always flows and pulsates, but when a vessel is injured in the lower arteries, the pulsation is not felt.

In addition, you should pay attention to the following signs:

• The blood is scarlet-red and liquid.
• The bleeding does not decrease even when the wound is compressed.
• The stream flows like a pulsating fountain.
• The rate of blood loss is high.
• The wound is located along the major arteries.
• Body temperature and blood pressure decrease.
• Worried about dizziness, weakness.

The victim may lose consciousness due to vascular spasm.

Internal bleeding is quite difficult to differentiate. The main symptoms are:

• Drowsiness, increased weakness.
• Unpleasant sensations in the abdominal cavity.
• A sharp decrease in blood pressure.
• Pallor of the integument.
• Change the heart rate towards an increase.

When bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, characteristic signs are vomiting blood and black stools.

Why is it important to quickly call an ambulance?

Arteries are large vessels, and damage to them can result in serious blood loss. If medical assistance is not provided in a timely manner, the person dies within 30-40 minutes.

If large arteries on the inside of the body or limbs in the flexion zone are damaged, then death occurs within a few minutes.

When an artery is completely ruptured, the entire volume of circulating blood flows out in one minute. This is why delay can cost lives.

Possible consequences

With severe blood loss, the heart does not receive enough circulating fluid and blood circulation stops. Vasospasm caused by trauma provokes loss of consciousness. The greatest danger is instant death.

When applying a tourniquet, it is important that assistance is provided no later than 8 hours, otherwise the area will die and gangrene develops. In this case, only amputation of the damaged part of the body can save.
First aid

If there is external bleeding, you should immediately call an ambulance. While doctors are on the way, it is necessary to try to stop the bleeding and improve the condition of the victim.

To do this, you need to strictly follow the following algorithm of actions:

• Wearing gloves or wrapping your hand in a bandage, you need to remove clothing at the site of injury and determine the location of the injury.
• Cover the wound with a napkin or cloth and apply pressure with your hand for 5 minutes. With direct compression, most bleeding stops due to compression of the lumen of the vessels.
• Do not remove the soaked napkin, but if necessary, place a clean one on top. Next, a compressive bandage is applied.
• If a limb bleeds when pressed directly, it must be elevated above the level of the heart to reduce the amount of blood flow in that area.
• If a large artery is damaged and bleeding continues after all manipulations, it is necessary to additionally clamp the artery at the point where it borders the bone and skin. If the lower limb is injured, the femoral artery should be fixed in the groin. When the lower arm area is damaged, the brachial artery is compressed along the inner surface of the biceps muscle.
• For people who do not have a medical education, the described method of stopping blood can be difficult, so it is easier for them to use the method of applying a tourniquet slightly above the injury itself. But this should be done carefully, as blood vessels or nerves can be damaged, causing a number of difficulties for the victim. The tourniquet should not be left in place for a long time; the dressing should be changed after 1-2 hours.

To disinfect the damage, you should not treat the entire surface, but only the edges of the wound. If the injury is serious, it is necessary to give the victim painkillers to prevent painful shock.

When providing assistance, it is important to follow the rules so as not to make mistakes:

• The tourniquet should not be applied to bare skin.
• If there is any object inside the wound, it must not be removed under any circumstances.
• The area where the tourniquet is located must not be covered with clothing or other things.
• If the area below the bandage swells or turns blue, the procedure must be repeated.

If there is internal bleeding, it is impossible to stop it without hospitalization. Therefore, first aid can only consist of monitoring the condition and, if necessary, resolving the pressure.

1. It is necessary to control the victim's breathing.
2. If vomiting occurs, it is necessary to turn the person on his side to prevent the mass from flowing into the respiratory tract.

If blood pressure has dropped to the lower limits, then you should slightly raise the person’s legs and cover him with a blanket.

Ways to stop bleeding

The method of stopping severe bleeding can be temporary or permanent. The first includes pre-medical manipulations. The final stop is made after hospitalization.

If the wound is small, then sometimes primary care is enough, the main methods are:

• Finger pinch.
• Application of a tourniquet.
• Tamponade.
• Use of improvised means.

Finger compression is most effective for minor bleeding. You cannot do without it in those places where it is not possible to apply a bandage:

• In the temporal part.
• On the face or neck.
• In the armpit area.
• In the area of ​​the popliteal area, groin.

In case of extensive bleeding, a tourniquet must be applied. If you don’t have a special one, then you can take a belt or scarf.

It is important that the strip is wide, as thin ropes can cause necrosis. The tourniquet is placed on top of the fabric or clothing above the damage by 3-5 cm.

You can check the correctness of the action by checking the pulsation of the artery below the bandage; the pulsation should be weak or completely absent. The first turn is made tight, the subsequent ones a little weaker.

In order not to severely compress the artery, it is necessary to remove the tourniquet for 10 minutes or loosen it after a certain period of time. In summer, the bandage can last 1-2 hours, in winter - 30-50 minutes.

Tamponade is performed if emergency treatment with a tourniquet does not help. To do this, use a bandage or gauze, from which a tampon is formed to stop the bleeding. Secure it with a bandage. If it is not possible to use sterile materials, then it is necessary to disinfect a homemade tampon before clamping the artery.

Improvised means are used only as a last resort. To do this, take any clean clothing and tear it into strips suitable in width for the tourniquet. Alcohol, vodka, and tincture are used as a disinfectant.

Methods for stopping bleeding at different artery locations

Depending on what part of the body is affected, different methods may be used to stop the bleeding.

It will be enough to apply a bandage for injury to small arteries. Several layers of gauze are placed on the affected area, then a cotton swab, and everything is secured on top with a bandage. In case of bleeding, the vessel above the damage is clamped, followed by the application of a tourniquet and tamponade.

Sometimes it is necessary to press the artery at certain points in the area of ​​close contact between bone and skin, so it is important to remember where they are located:

• If bleeding is from the thigh, then the groin fold is needed.
• Lower leg injury - pinched in the popliteal area.
• Wound of the upper limb - the inner side of the biceps muscle.
• Carotid artery injury - sternoclavicular muscle in the neck.
• Bleeding in the subclavian zone - clamping of the supraclavicular area.

When bleeding from the hand or foot, a tourniquet is not needed; the limb is raised, a bandage is applied to the wound and wrapped tightly.

Bleeding from an artery in the neck, head, or torso requires wound tamponade. Usually the carotid, subclavian, iliac, and temporal arteries are affected.

Injuries in the femoral area are quite dangerous, as a person can bleed to death in a short period of time. To stop, 2 tourniquets are used, since in this area the muscle tissue is dense and there are significant areas of fat deposition. First, the artery is clamped, then a tourniquet is applied. This method cannot be used on the lower third of the thigh and middle of the shoulder..

In case of injury to the carotid artery, it is necessary to follow the steps:

1. The damaged area is clamped with a bandage or cloth.
2. Next, the patient’s hand, located on the other side of the injury, is placed deep behind the head.
3. A tampon is placed on top of the tissue on the wound and a tourniquet is passed through the outer side of the victim’s arm so that the structure presses the roller tightly.

Arterial bleeding is very dangerous for human life. In this case, it is important to remember what to do depending on the location and size of the vessel.

The most difficult thing is to stop femoral and cervical bleeding. It may be necessary to clamp the artery, apply a bandage, tourniquet, or tamponade. The main thing is to concentrate and provide timely assistance to the victim.

Content

There are 4 types of external bleeding depending on the type of damaged vessel - arterial, venous, capillary and mixed. Timely and competent stopping of arterial bleeding is particularly difficult, since the threat of death with this type of blood loss is very high.

What is arterial bleeding

The most dangerous type is arterial, since when arteries are damaged, their walls do not collapse, blood is actively ejected in a pulsating stream, and blood loss increases very quickly, up to hemorrhagic shock and death. Arterial bleeding is called bleeding in which the vascular wall of the artery is damaged and scarlet, oxygen-enriched blood flows out. Extensive bleeding can occur with injuries, cuts, and taking certain medications.

Signs

It is not difficult to distinguish arterial bleeding by external signs. Difficulty in diagnosis can be mixed, which can combine signs of capillary, venous and/or arterial. Main characteristics of external bleeding:

Why is it dangerous?

Arterial bleeding is considered the most dangerous, since due to the high rate of blood loss without timely and correct medical care, the risk of death is high. Untimely and/or incorrectly provided first medical aid (PHA) can worsen the patient’s condition and provoke situations such as:

• hemorrhagic shock;
• wound infection;
• compression of limbs and tissue necrosis;
• blood aspiration;
• coma;
• fatal outcome.

Temporary stopping of arterial bleeding using finger pressure at any location of the damaged vessel, with the exception of the head and neck, is carried out above the wound to the bone along which the artery runs. Points of finger pressure of arteries:

Ways to stop arterial bleeding

Hemostasis is a biological system of the body that ensures the liquid state of blood under normal conditions and stops bleeding when the integrity of the vascular wall is violated. With capillary and venous hemostasis, spontaneous hemostasis occurs, that is, stopping blood loss by the internal forces of the body.

In cases where hemostasis does not occur independently, methods of temporary and permanent bleeding stop are used. A permanent stop can only be made in a hospital setting, and a temporary stop is used as emergency first aid. Methods for temporarily stopping arterial bleeding:

• finger pressure of the artery;
• fixed limb flexion;
• application of a tourniquet.

Finger pressure of arteries

The finger pressure method is used in cases where it is necessary to stop mild bleeding. At the same time, they are guided by the “3D” rule - push-ten-ten. This means that you need to use all 10 fingers of both hands to press the vessel against the bone along which it runs for 10 minutes. For profuse (extensive) bleeding, this method is ineffective or ineffective.

Application of a tourniquet

The most effective way is to apply a tourniquet. In the absence of a special medical tourniquet, improvised means are used. In this case, it is worth remembering that the tourniquet must be wide. Applying a tourniquet for arterial bleeding is performed according to the following rules:

1. It is applied above the wound to clothing or to fabric wrapped around a limb, since applying it directly to the skin causes trauma to the underlying tissues.
2. The tourniquet is stretched and made 2-3 turns around the limb. The next turns are applied with tension.
3. After application, the pulsation of the arteries below the wound is checked. The application is performed correctly if the pulsation is absent or poorly defined.
4. The tourniquet should always be visible.
5. The tourniquet is applied for 30 minutes in winter, 60 minutes in summer, since with longer compression in the limb, necrosis processes begin. During long-term transportation, the tourniquet is removed for 10 minutes while simultaneously pressing the artery to restore blood circulation in the limb.
6. A note is always attached indicating the exact time the tourniquet is applied.

Fixed limb flexion

A method of temporarily stopping external arterial bleeding by fixed flexion of the limb is considered effective for wounds of the forearm, hand, leg or foot. When using this technique, it is worth considering that the flexion of the limb should be maximum, and a fabric roll should be placed in the elbow bend or popliteal fossa.

First aid for arterial bleeding

The first step to take when providing first aid is to call an ambulance. Hemostasis is performed according to the following algorithm:

1. Raise the limb and give it an elevated position.
2. Perform digital pressure on the artery.
3. Apply a tourniquet above the wound while simultaneously pressing the artery.
4. Check the pulse below the wound and attach a note with the time of application of the tourniquet.
5. Apply an aseptic bandage to the wound.

In the face and neck area

For wounds in the neck and head, it must be remembered that finger pressure must be applied below the wound. Stopping bleeding from the carotid artery is done using a tourniquet:

1. A roller is applied to the wound.
2. The arm on the healthy side is placed so that the shoulder touches the side of the face and neck.
3. A tourniquet is applied around the neck and shoulder.

Upper limbs

For hemostasis in the upper extremities, starting from the middle third of the shoulder, applying a tourniquet is effective. It can only be applied to the upper or lower third of the shoulder. If the subclavian artery is damaged, tight tamponade is used:

1. Sterile gauze swabs are placed tightly into the wound.
2. A roll of unrolled sterile bandage is tightly bandaged over the wound.

Lower limbs

For injuries of the lower extremities, an effective method is to apply a tourniquet to the middle third of the thigh. In case of extensive bleeding from the femoral artery, an additional tourniquet is applied above the first one. There is a technique for stopping bleeding from the lower extremities that cannot be stopped by applying a tourniquet:

1. The patient is placed on his back.
2. A cushion is placed in the groin area.
3. The leg bends as much as possible at the hip joint.
4. The limb is fixed to the body.

Video

Found an error in the text?
Select it, press Ctrl + Enter and we will fix everything!

If blood vessels are damaged, bleeding may occur. It is worth noting that it can pose a serious danger to humans, which is associated with heavy loss of blood. To avoid problems, first aid for bleeding is necessary. If this is not done, death may result from loss of a significant volume of blood.

Bleeding can be external and internal. A person can only identify the first type. Internal blood loss is much more difficult to detect. This is due to the fact that it is not visible during a visual examination, so such a diagnosis can only be made by a doctor. With internal blood loss, blood ends up inside a person, so such cases are extremely dangerous. Thus, it is necessary to know how first aid is provided for blood loss. This will be discussed further.

Types of bleeding

Depending on the damage to the type of vessel, bleeding can be of the following types:

• venous;
• arterial;
• capillary.

First aid measures depend on the exact determination of the type of bleeding. It must be remembered that it is strictly forbidden to remove blood clots, as well as other foreign objects from the victim’s wound. This procedure can only be performed by a doctor. Demonstration of independence, given the inexperience of the person providing first aid, can lead to increased blood loss.

It is allowed to wash the wound only when poisonous or caustic components have entered it. If there is sand, rust, or glass particles there, you should wait until medical help arrives. It is recommended to only perform a small cleansing of the skin around the wound. This is done by using cotton wool, which is soaked in iodine. Moreover, it is necessary to pay attention so that this substance does not get inside the wound. To do this, movements are carried out from it.

Venous bleeding

In this case, the presence of thick dark blood is characteristic, which flows out evenly, without tremors. First aid consists of applying a tight bandage. It is first recommended to clean the skin near the site of injury and treat it using iodine. Then you need to apply a tampon made from a bandage folded several times or cotton wool. A tight bandage is wound on top. When done correctly, the bleeding stops. This is how pre-medical support for the patient is provided.

If capillary bleeding begins, the first aid may be to apply a regular bandage. In addition, it is recommended to elevate the injury site above the body so that the bleeding stops faster.

This type of blood loss is considered the most dangerous. In this case, damage to the artery is observed. As a result, a person may lose a lot of blood. If measures are not taken in time and first aid is not provided, this situation leads to death. Damage to the artery can be recognized by bright scarlet blood that comes out in spurts.

To stop it, you will need to clamp the artery just above the wound. The simplest solution is to press the injury site through the skin with your finger. This is how you need to hold the artery until the medical team arrives. To stop blood loss in places such as the neck, head, jaw, collarbone or shoulder, this is the only scenario that can save the life of the victim.

If the doctor is delayed, it is necessary to apply a tourniquet. It will help stop the bleeding completely. If a limb is injured, a rubber tourniquet is applied just above the wound. It is worth placing a small piece of fabric under it, placing it around the circumference. This will avoid pinching the skin. If a special tourniquet is not found, it is recommended to use a rubber hose made of soft material, or twisted cloth or other similar devices. One way or another, you need to place a thick cloth or loosely wrap a bandage around the place where you plan to place the tourniquet. If a hose is used, it is wound with little force on the first turn, and on subsequent turns the winding should be tighter. Then you need to fix it. In addition, it is advisable to place a piece of paper under the tourniquet, which will contain information about the time of its application.

When using a rolled bandage, it is necessary to tie it around the injured limb in a relatively loose ring. A rod is inserted into it, which is twisted to tighten the tourniquet. When the blood stops, you will need to fix it in a certain position. Just like in the previous version, a piece of paper is provided with an exact indication of the time. It is worth noting that the tourniquet can only be applied for a short period. In summer you can set it for 1-1.5 hours, in winter - no more than an hour. If you do not adhere to this recommendation, you may experience tissue necrosis due to arterial bleeding.

Nosebleed

This type of blood loss occurs most often. Pre-medical support in this situation differs from previous methods. In addition, it may cause misunderstanding. If bleeding occurs from the nose, it is not recommended to throw your head back. You should also not lie down at all. It is advisable to lower your head, touching your chin to your chest. This must be done standing or sitting. If blood flows out in large quantities, you need to prepare a tampon made of rolled cotton wool. It must be carefully inserted into the nostril. It is not recommended to use a lot of cotton wool. The tampon should not distend the nostril due to its large size, otherwise it can only aggravate the situation. To stop the bleeding faster, you need to lightly pinch the wings of your nose with your fingers.