The sequence of blood movement through the systemic circulation. Sequence of blood movement through the systemic circulation Sequence of blood passage
Arterial blood- This is blood saturated with oxygen.
Deoxygenated blood- saturated with carbon dioxide.
Arteries- These are vessels that carry blood from the heart.
Vienna- These are vessels that carry blood to the heart.
(In the pulmonary circulation, venous blood flows through the arteries, and arterial blood flows through the veins.)
In humans, in all other mammals, as well as in birds four-chambered heart, consists of two atria and two ventricles (in the left half of the heart there is arterial blood, in the right - venous, mixing does not occur due to a complete septum in the ventricle).
Between the ventricles and atria are flap valves, and between the arteries and ventricles - semilunar. The valves prevent blood from flowing backwards (from the ventricle to the atrium, from the aorta to the ventricle).
The thickest wall is at the left ventricle, because it pushes blood through the systemic circulation. When the left ventricle contracts, a pulse wave is created, as well as maximum blood pressure.
Blood pressure: in the arteries the largest, in the capillaries the average, in the veins the smallest. Blood speed: in the arteries the largest, in the capillaries the smallest, in the veins the average.
Big circle blood circulation: from the left ventricle, arterial blood flows through the arteries to all organs of the body. Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries of a large circle: oxygen passes from the blood into the tissues, and carbon dioxide passes from the tissues into the blood. The blood becomes venous, flows through the vena cava into the right atrium, and from there into the right ventricle.
Small circle: From the right ventricle, venous blood flows through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries of the lungs: carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the air, and oxygen from the air into the blood, the blood becomes arterial and flows through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, and from there into the left ventricle.
Choose one, the most correct option. Why can't blood get from the aorta to the left ventricle of the heart?
1) the ventricle contracts with great force and creates high pressure
2) semilunar valves fill with blood and close tightly
3) leaflet valves are pressed against the walls of the aorta
4) leaflet valves are closed and semilunar valves are open
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Blood enters the pulmonary circulation from the right ventricle through
1) pulmonary veins
2) pulmonary arteries
3) carotid arteries
4) aorta
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Arterial blood flows through the human body
1) renal veins
2) pulmonary veins
3) vena cava
4) pulmonary arteries
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. In mammals, blood is enriched with oxygen in
1) arteries of the pulmonary circulation
2) capillaries of the great circle
3) arteries of the great circle
4) capillaries of the small circle
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. The vena cava in the human body drains into
1) left atrium
2) right ventricle
3) left ventricle
4) right atrium
Answer
Choose one, the most correct option. Valves prevent blood from flowing back from the pulmonary artery and aorta into the ventricles.
1) tricuspid
2) venous
3) double-leaf
4) semilunar
Answer
BIG
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Large circle of blood circulation in the human body
1) begins in the left ventricle
2) originates in the right ventricle
3) is saturated with oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs
4) supplies organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients
5) ends in the right atrium
6) brings blood to the left side of the heart
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Which parts of the circulatory system belong to the systemic circulation?
1) pulmonary artery
2) superior vena cava
3) right atrium
4) left atrium
5) left ventricle
6) right ventricle
Answer
BIG SEQUENCE
1. Establish the sequence of blood movement through the vessels of the systemic circulation. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) portal vein of the liver
2) aorta
3) gastric artery
4) left ventricle
5) right atrium
6) inferior vena cava
Answer
2. Determine the correct sequence of blood circulation in the systemic circulation, starting with the left ventricle. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) Aorta
2) Superior and inferior vena cava
3) Right atrium
4) Left ventricle
5) Right ventricle
6) Tissue fluid
Answer
3. Establish the correct sequence of blood passage through the systemic circulation. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers in the table.
1) right atrium
2) left ventricle
3) arteries of the head, limbs and torso
4) aorta
5) inferior and superior vena cava
6) capillaries
Answer
4. Establish the sequence of blood movement in the human body, starting with the left ventricle. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) left ventricle
2) vena cava
3) aorta
4) pulmonary veins
5) right atrium
Answer
5. Establish the sequence of passage of a portion of blood in a person, starting with the left ventricle of the heart. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) right atrium
2) aorta
3) left ventricle
4) lungs
5) left atrium
6) right ventricle
Answer
6f. Establish the sequence of blood movement through the systemic circulation in humans, starting from the ventricle. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) left ventricle
2) capillaries
3) right atrium
4) arteries
5) veins
6) aorta
Answer
GREAT CIRCLE ARTERIES
Choose three options. Blood flows through the arteries of the systemic circulation in humans
1) from the heart
2) to the heart
4) oxygenated
5) faster than in other blood vessels
6) slower than in other blood vessels
Answer
SMALL SEQUENCE
1. Establish the sequence of blood movement in a person through the pulmonary circulation. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) pulmonary artery
2) right ventricle
3) capillaries
4) left atrium
5) veins
Answer
2. Establish the sequence of circulatory processes, starting from the moment when blood moves from the lungs to the heart. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery
2) blood moves through the pulmonary vein
3) blood moves through the pulmonary artery
4) oxygen comes from the alveoli to the capillaries
5) blood enters the left atrium
6) blood enters the right atrium
Answer
3. Establish the sequence of movement of arterial blood in a person, starting from the moment it is saturated with oxygen in the capillaries of the pulmonary circle. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) left ventricle
2) left atrium
3) veins of the small circle
4) small circle capillaries
5) arteries of the great circle
Answer
4. Establish the sequence of movement of arterial blood in the human body, starting with the capillaries of the lungs. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) left atrium
2) left ventricle
3) aorta
4) pulmonary veins
5) capillaries of the lungs
Answer
5. Establish the correct sequence of passage of a portion of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) pulmonary vein
2) left ventricle
3) pulmonary artery
4) right ventricle
5) right atrium
6) aorta
Answer
SMALL CIRCLE ARTERY
Choose three options. Blood flows through the arteries of the pulmonary circulation in humans
1) from the heart
2) to the heart
3) saturated with carbon dioxide
4) oxygenated
5) faster than in the pulmonary capillaries
6) slower than in the pulmonary capillaries
Answer
LARGE - SMALL VESSELS
1. Establish a correspondence between the sections of the circulatory system and the circle of blood circulation to which they belong: 1) Systemic circulation, 2) Pulmonary circulation. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) Right ventricle
B) Carotid artery
B) Pulmonary artery
D) Superior vena cava
D) Left atrium
E) Left ventricle
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the vessels and human circulatory circles: 1) pulmonary circulation, 2) systemic circulation. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the correct order.
A) aorta
B) pulmonary veins
B) carotid arteries
D) capillaries in the lungs
D) pulmonary arteries
E) hepatic artery
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the structures of the circulatory system and the human circulation circles: 1) small, 2) large. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) aortic arch
B) portal vein of the liver
B) left atrium
D) right ventricle
D) carotid artery
E) capillaries of the alveoli
Answer
BIG - SMALL SIGNS
Establish a correspondence between the processes and the circles of blood circulation for which they are characteristic: 1) small, 2) large. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) Arterial blood flows through the veins.
B) The circle ends in the left atrium.
B) Arterial blood flows through the arteries.
D) The circle begins in the left ventricle.
D) Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries of the alveoli.
E) Venous blood is formed from arterial blood.
Answer
PRESSURE SEQUENCE
1. Establish the sequence of human blood vessels in order of decreasing blood pressure in them. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) inferior vena cava
2) aorta
3) pulmonary capillaries
4) pulmonary artery
Answer
2. Establish the order in which the blood vessels should be arranged in order of decreasing blood pressure in them
1) Veins
2) Aorta
3) Arteries
4) Capillaries
Answer
3. Establish the sequence of arrangement of blood vessels in order of increasing blood pressure in them. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) inferior vena cava
2) aorta
3) pulmonary artery
4) capillaries of the alveoli
5) arterioles
Answer
SPEED SEQUENCE
Arrange the blood vessels in order of decreasing speed of blood movement in them
1) superior vena cava
2) aorta
3) brachial artery
4) capillaries
Answer
VIENNS
Choose three options. Veins are blood vessels through which blood flows
1) from the heart
2) to the heart
3) under greater pressure than in the arteries
4) under less pressure than in the arteries
5) faster than in capillaries
6) slower than in capillaries
Answer
VEINS IN EXC. FROM ARTERIES
1. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Veins, as opposed to arteries
1) have valves in the walls
2) may fall off
3) have walls made of one layer of cells
4) carry blood from organs to the heart
5) withstand high blood pressure
6) always carry blood that is not saturated with oxygen
Answer
2. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Veins, unlike arteries, are characterized by
1) flap valves
2) transfer of blood to the heart
3) semilunar valves
4) high blood pressure
5) thin muscle layer
6) fast blood flow
Answer
ARTERIES - VEINS
1. Establish a correspondence between the signs and blood vessels: 1) vein 2) artery. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) has a thin muscle layer
B) has valves
B) carries blood from the heart
D) carries blood to the heart
D) has elastic elastic walls
E) withstands high blood pressure
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between the structural features and functions and types of vessels: 1) artery, 2) vein. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) has valves
B) the wall contains fewer muscle fibers
B) carries blood from the heart
D) carries venous blood in the pulmonary circulation
D) communicates with the right atrium
E) carries out blood flow due to contraction of skeletal muscles
Answer
HEART SEQUENCE
Establish the sequence of events that occur in the cardiac cycle after blood enters the heart. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers.
1) contraction of the ventricles
2) general relaxation of the ventricles and atria
3) blood flow into the aorta and artery
4) blood flow into the ventricles
5) atrial contraction
Answer
LEFT VENTRICLE
1. Choose three options. A person has blood from the left ventricle of the heart
1) when it contracts, it enters the aorta
2) when it contracts, it enters the left atrium
3) supplies body cells with oxygen
4) enters the pulmonary artery
5) under high pressure enters the systemic circulation
6) under slight pressure enters the pulmonary circulation
Answer
2. Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. From the left ventricle of the heart
1) blood enters the systemic circulation
2) venous blood comes out
3) arterial blood comes out
4) blood flows through the veins
5) blood flows through the arteries
6) blood enters the pulmonary circulation
Answer
RIGHT VENTRICLE
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Blood leaks from the right ventricle
1) arterial
2) venous
3) through the arteries
4) through the veins
5) towards the lungs
6) towards the cells of the body
Answer
DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Elements of the human circulatory system containing venous blood are
1) pulmonary artery
2) aorta
3) vena cava
4) right atrium and right ventricle
5) left atrium and left ventricle
6) pulmonary veins
Answer
ARTERIAL - VENOUS
1. Establish a correspondence between the type of human blood vessels and the type of blood they contain: 1) arterial, 2) venous
A) pulmonary arteries
B) veins of the pulmonary circulation
B) aorta and arteries of the systemic circulation
D) superior and inferior vena cava
Answer
2. Establish a correspondence between a vessel of the human circulatory system and the type of blood that flows through it: 1) arterial, 2) venous. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) femoral vein
B) brachial artery
B) pulmonary vein
D) subclavian artery
D) pulmonary artery
E) aorta
Answer
3. Establish a correspondence between the sections of the human circulatory system and the type of blood passing through them: 1) arterial, 2) venous. Write numbers 1 and 2 in the order corresponding to the letters.
A) left ventricle
B) right ventricle
B) right atrium
D) pulmonary vein
D) pulmonary artery
E) aorta
Answer
ARTERIAL IN EXC. FROM VENOUS
Choose three options. In mammals and humans, venous blood, unlike arterial,
1) poor in oxygen
2) flows in a small circle through the veins
3) fills the right half of the heart
4) saturated with carbon dioxide
5) enters the left atrium
6) provides body cells with nutrients
Answer
Analyze the table “The work of the human heart.” For each cell indicated by a letter, select the corresponding term from the list provided.
1) Arterial
2) Superior vena cava
3) Mixed
4) Left atrium
5) Carotid artery
6) Right ventricle
7) Inferior vena cava
8) Pulmonary vein
Answer
Analyze the table “Structure of the Heart”. For each cell indicated by a letter, select the corresponding term from the list provided.
1) By contracting, it ensures blood flow through the systemic circulation
2) Left atrium
3) Separated from the left ventricle by a bicuspid valve
4) Right atrium
5) Separated from the right atrium by the tricuspid valve
6) Contracting, directs blood to the left ventricle
7) Pericardial sac
Answer
Choose three correctly labeled captions for the picture that depicts the internal structure of the heart. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) superior vena cava
2) aorta
3) pulmonary vein
4) left atrium
5) right atrium
6) inferior vena cava
Answer
Choose three correctly labeled captions for the picture that depicts the structure of the human heart. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) superior vena cava
2) flap valves
3) right ventricle
4) semilunar valves
5) left ventricle
6) pulmonary artery
Answer
Choose three correct answers out of six and write down the numbers under which they are indicated. Human pulse
1) not related to the speed of blood flow
2) depends on the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels
3) palpable on large arteries close to the surface of the body
4) accelerates blood flow © D.V. Pozdnyakov, 2009-2019
Level 3.
What underlies the change in a person’s heart rate at rest and during work?
OPTION 4.
Level 1.
1. Striated muscle tissue:
A. located in all internal organs
b. forms skeletal muscles
V. forms the walls of blood vessels
d. lines the nasal cavities
2. Tubular bone is:
A. humeral
b. collarbone;
V. shoulder blade;
d. kneecap.
3. Movably connected:
A. ribs and sternum;
b. facial bones of the skull;
V. thigh and lower leg;
d. bones of the base of the skull.
4. Phagocytosis is called:
A. the ability of leukocytes to leave blood vessels;
b. destruction of bacteria and viruses by leukocytes;
V. transfer of oxygen by red blood cells from the lungs to the tissues.
d. immunity of the body to infections.
Level 2.
Level 3.
A task with a detailed answer.
What is the connection between nervous and humoral regulation?
OPTION 5
Level 1.
Tasks with a choice of one correct answer.
What substances give bones hardness?
A. amino acids and proteins;
b. glucose and starch;
V. nucleic acids;
g. mineral salts.
2. In the human skull in the process of evolution due to the progressive development of the brain:
A. the number of bones in the brain has decreased;
b. the facial region began to predominate over the brain;
V. the brain region has increased significantly;
d. the ratio of the facial and brain parts has not changed.
3. Which of the functions does blood not perform:
A. Secretory;
b. Humoral;
V. excretory;
Zashchitnaya.
4. A wide pelvis and an S-shaped spine were formed in humans during the process of evolution due to:
A. kinship with primates;
b. upright walking;
V. origin from ancient mammals;
d. labor activity.
Level 2.
Tasks to establish correspondence and the correct sequence of biological phenomena.
5. Establish a correspondence between the type of muscle tissue and its characteristics:
Level 3.
A task with a detailed answer.
Explain why the thickness of the walls of human blood vessels varies.
OPTION 6
Level 1.
Choose one correct answer.
1. Groups of cells and intercellular substance that have a similar structure and origin and perform common functions:
a) organelles; c) organs;
b) fabrics; d) organ systems.
2. The notochord is formed in the early stages of human development:
a) under the neural tube; c) on the ventral side of the body;
b) under the intestines; d) above the neural tube.
3. In the human skeleton, the bones are movably connected to each other:
a) shoulder and elbow; c) cerebral part of the skull;
b) ribs and sternum; d) thoracic spine.
4. The number of cervical vertebrae in humans, like in all mammals, is:
Level 2
5. Establish the correct sequence of stages of the passage of nerve impulses along the reflex arc:
a) executive neuron; c) receptor or sensory neuron;
b) interneuron; d) motor neuron.
6. Establish a correspondence between the function of blood cells and their type:
Function Blood Cells
1. recognize and destroy foreign bodies a) red blood cells
2. carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues b) leukocytes
3. participate in blood clotting c) platelets
4. transport carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
5. participate in the formation of immunity
Level 3
Give a detailed answer.
The human circulatory system is the most complex; the sequence of blood passage through the systemic circulation ensures oxygen saturation of distant parts of our body. There are main and additional circles of blood circulation. The center of the main blood flow paths is the heart muscle, in which both blood supply paths intersect without mixing blood.
Body circle of blood supply to the body
The main path of blood flow (also called large or bodily) is a system of vessels and their branches that provide oxygen saturation and necessary microelements for the entire organism as a whole. The movement of blood through the systemic circulation begins from the left ventricle, from which it is pushed under high pressure into the aorta - the largest vessel in our body. After the aorta branches, the blood begins to move towards the main organs, dividing along the way into smaller arteries and capillaries, which provides blood supply to the most distant parts of the body. The systemic circulation - the path of its passage is described in all anatomical textbooks and manuals.
Another major division of the arteries occurs in the lumbar region, after which one branch provides blood supply to the lower extremities, and the second to the pelvic organs.
The main source of saturation of cells with oxygen and essential nutrients are capillaries. It is through their walls that microelements enter the body tissues. Arteries and large vessels perform only a transport function.
Also, through the walls of the smallest vessels, metabolic products and carbon dioxide enter from tissue cells. Thus, the blood gradually becomes venous. The connection of arteries and veins occurs through anastomoses - vessels that ensure the transition of arterial blood flow to venous. The largest number of anastomoses are located in the intestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, lungs and thyroid gland. Their main purpose is to collect venous blood.
With further passage, the anastomoses merge with the formation of larger veins that transport carbon dioxide-saturated blood to the right atrium, where the main blood supply to the body ends.
Pathology in the passage of blood through the body's circulation can lead to the development of serious diseases.
Most often, the main factors in the development of blood flow disorders include the following:
- overweight, sedentary lifestyle;
- disruption of the heart and blood vessels - persistent hypertension;
- pathologies of the endocrine system – diabetes mellitus;
- presence of bad habits.
In most cases, disruption of blood flow in the body circle is not an independent factor, but a consequence of a disturbance in the metabolic process in the body.
The main symptoms of blood supply problems depend on which organ is affected:
- Poor circulation in the pelvic and abdominal areas is accompanied by a feeling of heaviness and pain in the abdomen, diseases of the reproductive system and chronic problems with bowel function (constipation).
- With insufficient blood supply to the extremities, discomfort, the appearance of spider veins, and a constant decrease in temperature in the arms and legs are noted. This is especially pronounced when there is a violation of blood patency in the venous blood flow.
- Pathologies of the blood supply to the brain can be both chronic and acute. In the first case, the patient complains of frequent headaches, memory loss, and impaired coordination of movements. Acute disorder is characterized by speech impairment, numbness or complete absence of movement in the limb, loss of vision and mental abnormalities.
If signs of acute circulatory problems appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Failure to provide timely assistance in this case can lead to death.
An additional examination will be carried out in the hospital, the main purpose of which is to identify the site and degree of circulatory disorders. The most commonly used are ultrasound examination of blood vessels and magnetic resonance imaging.
After receiving the results of the study, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment, which includes measures aimed at treating the underlying disease and eliminating problems in the bloodstream. For this purpose, drugs are used that strengthen the walls of blood vessels, prevent the formation of blood clots, regulate blood pressure levels and many others.
But the main way to solve problems with blood supply to organs is to prevent such disorders. First of all, this means maintaining a healthy lifestyle and completely giving up bad habits. If signs of diseases appear that can lead to the development of pathology in the circulatory system, it is recommended to immediately consult a doctor and strictly follow his recommendations.
Paying close attention to your health will help minimize the risk of developing serious pathologies that result from a failure in the body’s blood supply system.