Superficial folliculitis. Folliculitis of the scalp: causes, symptoms, treatment

Folliculitis is a skin disease related to superficial pyoderma. The disease is infectious. During it, the upper parts of the hair follicles become inflamed.

A feature of the disease is the sequence of stages - first a papule (nodule on the skin) appears, located at the mouth of the follicle, which gradually transforms into a pustule (this is an element of a rash with purulent contents). A crust appears on top.

Folliculitis is dangerous due to complications, including phlegmon, lymphadenitis, and abscess. Most often, it is complications that lead the sick person to an infectious disease specialist. Let us also note the professional orientation of the disease. Folliculitis often affects people who work in toxic environments. The bad thing is that most of these people self-medicate.

For reference. Folliculitis is one of the most common types of pyoderma in adults. Severe and often recurrent forms of folliculitis usually affect miners, builders, metallurgists, employees of chemical enterprises and public transport.

ICD10 folliculitis code – L73.8.1 (specified pathologies of hair follicles)

Folliculitis - causes of the disease

The inflammatory process can be caused by:

Risk factors for folliculitis are:

• frequent visits to saunas, baths, taking too hot baths (hot bath folliculitis);
• profuse sweating;
• the use of low-quality cosmetics or cosmetics that are unsuitable for the patient’s skin type (folliculitis on the face is often associated with improper care);
• frequent skin damage;
• microcirculatory and trophic disorders in tissues;
• alkaline skin pH;
• violation of hygiene standards;
• exposure to occupational hazards (work in workshops, constant contact with industrial chemicals, etc.);
• exposure to aggressive household chemicals;
• the patient has vitamin deficiencies, hypoproteinemia, hyperglycemia, immune pathologies, autoimmune diseases, excess testosterone or cortisol, hormonal disorders (puberty, ovarian dysfunction, hormonal disorders associated with stress or infectious diseases);
• constant consumption of fatty, fried and spicy foods, sweets and sodas;
• severe intestinal dysbiosis;
• the patient has psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, oily seborrhea, neurodermatitis, eczema, rosacea (pink acne), etc.

Classification of folliculitis

Based on the duration of the inflammatory process, folliculitis is divided into acute and chronic (recurrent) forms of the disease. Depending on the number of rashes, folliculitis may be limited or widespread.

According to the causative agent of the inflammatory process, the disease is divided into:

• caused by fungi;
• gram negative;
• syphilitic;
• demodecodex;
• viral;
• pseudomonas.

The following are included in a separate classification:

• eosinophilic forms of folliculitis;
• depilatory folliculitis of smooth skin;
• epilating folliculitis of the scalp;
• Hoffmann's disruptive folliculitis (severe folliculitis of the scalp, usually found in men from twenty to forty years old).

Depending on the location of the pustules, they are distinguished:

• folliculitis on the face;
• folliculitis on the legs;
• inflammatory process on the back;
• inflammation of the pubis;
• folliculitis of the scalp.

Folliculitis in children is often localized on the skin of the thighs and buttocks.

Staphylococcal folliculitis - symptoms

As a rule, folliculitis begins as ostiofolliculitis. A small pustule (purulent-inflammatory formation), no more than two millimeters in diameter, appears around the hair, surrounded by an inflammatory rim (rim of hyperemia). Most often, small pustules are moderately painful, but areas with thin skin may experience severe pain. With severe rashes, swelling of the skin may occur.

The disease may also begin with the appearance of small red dots that look like irritation. In the center of these inflammations, a pustule forms within two to three days.

For reference. Spontaneous opening of pustules, as a rule, does not occur due to the dense covering of inflammation. If it is damaged, after the purulent contents drain, small erosion is exposed. Healing of erosion is not accompanied by the formation of scar changes in the skin.

When pustules dry out on their own, crusts form within a few days.

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Skin disease sycosis - symptoms and treatment

At the site of the rash, after the purulent-inflammatory processes subside, a temporary area of ​​hyperpigmentation of a reddish-burgundy or brownish tint remains.

Attention. In severe cases of ostiofolliculitis, purulent melting of the hair follicle is possible with its complete destruction and the formation of a scar.

The general condition of patients with folliculitis, as a rule, is not disturbed. Increased body temperature, weakness, fever, general intoxication symptoms, etc. can be observed with widespread and deep forms of rashes, in weakened patients or in young children.

Staphylococcal sycosis

A type of folliculitis that primarily affects the skin in the beard growth area in men is called sycosis. The disease is caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of inflammation are improper care of shaving equipment (unhygienic storage of blades, etc.), insufficient use of shaving foam or the use of low-quality cosmetic products, refusal to use soothing aftershave lotion, etc.

At the initial stages of this type of folliculitis, small isolated rashes may be observed, but as the disease progresses, the appearance of large pustules (sometimes confluent), swelling and inflammatory infiltration of the skin, and cyanosis of the skin in the area of ​​the greatest number of rashes are noted.

Decalvating forms of folliculitis (Quinquad's folliculitis)

This disease is also called lupoid sycosis or atrophying sycosiform folliculitis of the beard.

Decalvating (epilating) folliculitis is rare, most often in middle-aged and elderly men in the scalp or beard area. In women, the disease can affect the skin of the back of the head. In isolated cases, damage to the hair follicles of the axillary region and pubis is possible.

For reference. This type of folliculitis is accompanied by severe inflammation (without significant formation of pustules) and further ulceration of the hair follicle. The disease leads to atrophic changes in the skin and persistent alopecia (patchy baldness).

The main cause of the development of folliculitis decalvans is Staphylococcus aureus, less often - gram-negative microorganisms.

Risk factors for the development of decalvating inflammation are:

• oily seborrhea of ​​the scalp;
• the presence of systemic connective tissue diseases;
• immunodeficiency states;
• severe endocrine pathologies (decompensated diabetes mellitus).

For reference. The disease is manifested by the appearance of congestive erythema (redness of the skin), grouped small rashes, single pustules, crusts and easily removable silvery scales.

When inflammatory elements merge, large bright red plaques are formed. As the disease progresses, thinning of the skin occurs in the center of the plaques, skin retraction, and hair loss in the area of ​​the inflammatory process.

The inflammatory focus gradually increases in size due to the appearance of new folliculitis on its periphery.

The general condition of the patients is not impaired, however, when large lesions appear on the scalp, they may be painful.

Attention. The disease is chronic and can progress over several years.

Depilatory folliculitis

This type of folliculitis is characterized by damage to smooth skin. The rashes are symmetrical and
are localized mainly on the skin of the legs. Usually middle-aged men living in hot climates are affected.

After the purulent inflammatory process subsides, the formation of specific follicular scars is noted.

Hoffmann's folliculitis

Undermining folliculitis is one of the most severe forms of scalp folliculitis. The disease is accompanied by the formation of painful, large inflammatory formations connected to each other by fistulous tracts. These formations “undermine” the skin and lead to the formation of frequently recurrent abscesses.

Hair in the area of ​​inflammation falls out due to the destruction of hair follicles. After the disease, persistent alopecia areata remains, difficult to treat.

When light pressure is applied to the follicles, pus is released.

The disease is characterized by a long course and is extremely difficult to treat.

Attention. The only treatment for Hoffmann's folliculitis is long-term (up to six months) use of Roacutane (a systemic retinoid). In addition to the main therapy, ointments with retinoids, as well as local (ointments, lotions) and systemic antibiotics can be used.

Folliculitis caused by gram flora (gram negative)

This type of disease is usually observed in patients starting treatment for severe forms of acne with systemic antibacterial agents. In this case, at the initial stage of treatment there is often an increase in rashes on the skin of the cheeks and shoulders.

Folliculitis means “inflammation of the hair follicle.” This process accompanies a group of skin diseases caused by staphylococcal infection. Folliculitis belongs to pyodermatitis - pustular skin diseases, the most common of dermatoses.

Pyoderma accounts for half of the cases of temporary disability due to skin diseases. A considerable proportion of them belong to folliculitis. They can occur in different people, but most often they affect representatives of certain professions - miners, builders, metallurgists, and transport workers. In this regard, pyodermatitis and folliculitis in particular are socially significant diseases, in the fight against which both the state and employers in the most dangerous industries from the point of view of dermatological morbidity should participate.

Reasons for development

Inflammation of the hair follicles is initiated by pathogenic microorganisms: fungi, mites, viruses and bacteria. It becomes a place of residence for these organisms due to external factors or due to human health problems.

Thus, the causes of folliculitis are conventionally divided into:

• exogenous (external circumstances);
• endogenous (diseases that create optimal conditions for the life of pathogenic organisms).

Among the endogenous factors are:

• liver diseases;
• obesity;
• low hemoglobin;
• diabetes;
• malnutrition, due to which the body experiences a deficiency of certain substances.

Exogenous causes include:

• high ambient temperatures;
• hypothermia of the body;
• skin injuries (cracks or microcracks);
• incorrectly selected clothing (made from “non-breathable” and (or) synthetic materials, tight);
• skin contamination caused by poor hygiene or specific human work (work on the ground, activities requiring contact with certain reagents, chemicals (locksmith, car service employee, etc.).

It would seem, how can a hair follicle on the arm become inflamed due to a sore mouth or throat? The point here is pathogenic microorganisms localized in the mouth and throat. They are carried by the blood throughout the body, without even passing through the hands. A weakened immune system is unable to put up a reliable barrier around healthy organs: bacteria (viruses) reach the hair follicles and settle there.

Folliculitis symptoms

The symptoms of folliculitis will depend on the type of folliculitis you develop. For example, with the superficial type, pustules can reach sizes up to 0.5 mm in diameter and be painless to the touch. As a rule, there is a pink inflammatory area around them, sometimes with a reddish tint to the skin. Approximately on the third day, the ulcers dry out and become covered with a brownish crust, leaving a slight peeling behind. The appearance of pigmentation on the skin may also be present.

The deep form of folliculitis is manifested by more severe damage to the hair follicle. Reddish nodules up to 1 cm in diameter may appear on the skin and are painful. On their surface there is an abscess, which is penetrated by a hair. The abscess can usually open within a few days, become covered with a crust, and the inflammatory nodule disappears over time.

The main complaints of a patient with folliculitis are pain and itching. In some cases, there may be enlargement of the lymph nodes that are located near the area of ​​inflammation. The patient may also be concerned about a cosmetic defect on the skin that remains after folliculitis. This could be excess pigmentation or scars.

Staphylococcal folliculitis manifests itself in the initial period as a process of inflammation around the hair, beginning the development of ostiofolliculitis, or staphylococcal impetigo. These are small-shaped and sized pustules with dense walls, which are pierced in the center by a hair. After a few days, the pustule dries out, forming a cone-shaped yellow crust, which is quickly rejected.

If conditions are not good for the patient, painful sensations occur in the affected area, which especially bothers the patient if there is a large number of folliculitis; in this case, a pronounced infiltrate appears. Due to the involvement of the tissue surrounding the follicle in the inflammatory process and the fusion of specific elements of the rash, deeper, long-lasting varieties of staphyloderma, carbuncle, furuncle, etc. appear.

In diagnosing a disease such as folliculitis, an important role is played by examining the patient. Rashes with folliculitis are very characteristic and allow a correct diagnosis. Additional examination measures will help to accurately identify the cause that could lead to the development of the disease.

Features of different types of folliculitis

There are many types of folliculitis, and therefore, from a practical point of view, it is advisable to consider separately the characteristics of each of them.

1. Herpetic. Just like staphylococcal, it is more common in men who shave in the area of ​​the nasolabial triangle and on the chin.
2. Kleshchevoy. It develops after a tick bite, lasts longer than other varieties, and requires specific treatment of the underlying disease (if the tick poses an epidemiological danger).
3. Eosinophilic. It is observed only in an isolated group of patients (HIV-infected).
4. Candida. This type of folliculitis usually occurs under occlusive dressings. The risk of developing folliculitis increases with local use of drugs from the group of corticosteroids under a bandage. Also, the risk of the disease is higher in bedridden patients and long-term feverish patients.
5. Staphylococcal. Characteristic of areas where bristly hair grows (nasolabial triangle, chin). It occurs mainly in men who shave. In severe cases, when the death of hair follicles occurs, after the end of the inflammatory process, connective tissue scars are formed.
6. Acne. This type of folliculitis is a consequence of syphilis. It is characterized by the fact that the inflamed follicles acquire a faded red color and, in some cases, are located in groups. Elimination of this pathology is possible only by treating the underlying disease with specific agents.
7. Gram negative. Develops in patients with weakened immune systems who have been taking antibacterial medications for a long time due to acne. It is characterized by the fact that the patient’s condition worsens sharply, which manifests itself in increased acne. Abscesses may form.
8. Pseudomonas. Caused by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This type of folliculitis is also known by another name - “hot bath” folliculitis, because it usually occurs after taking a bath in hot water that has not been sufficiently chlorinated.
9. Folliculitis, caused by fungi belonging to the genus Pityrosporum, is characteristic of tropical and subtropical climates. It is characterized by an itchy rash of a monomorphic nature (papules and pustules), which is located at the mouths of the follicles. In such patients, scratching is found localized in the shoulders, back, face and neck.
10. Folliculitis caused by dermatophytes. This infection typically begins with the upper layer of the epidermis, after which the inflammatory process seizes the mouths of the follicles, and then the hair shafts. A complication in this case is dermatophytosis of the scalp.
11. Gonorrheal. It is most rare compared to other types of this disease. Its location is the foreskin in men and the perineal area in women. Occurs with long-term and untreated gonorrhea. When examining the contents of pustules in such patients, gonococci are found in large quantities.
12. Professional. It develops in people of certain professions and is associated with exposure to irritating chemicals on the skin. With this type of disease, rashes are usually localized on the back of the hands, as well as on the extensor surfaces of the forearms.
13. Impetigo Bockhardt, despite its name, nevertheless belongs to the group of folliculitis. In this case, hemispherical, superficial pustules appear, which can range in size from a poppy seed to a lentil. The pustules are permeated with vellus hair and are arranged in groups. The reason for the development of this folliculitis is increased sweating and maceration of the skin, which is a consequence of the use of warm compresses.
14. Depilatory folliculitis of smooth skin is another type of disease that occurs mainly in hot countries. Middle-aged men are more susceptible to the disease. Also, this type of folliculitis is characterized by symmetry of the lesion. Inflamed follicles appear evenly on the skin of the lower extremities. After eliminating folliculitis, characteristic follicular scars remain on the skin.

What folliculitis looks like: photo

The photo below shows how the disease manifests itself in humans.

Diagnostics

Dermatologists must examine the rash and conduct a dermatoscopy, which will show the depth of the lesion. The specialist can also refer the patient to donate discharge from the pustules, which will be required for:

• microsporia;
• research on fungi;
• bacteriological culture;
• tests for Treponema pallidum.

There is also a need for differential diagnosis. Folliculitis should be distinguished from pathologies such as syphilis and gonorrhea. In this case, the doctor prescribes:

• RPR test.
• PCR diagnostics.

If necessary, the specialist will prescribe blood sugar testing and an immunogram. In addition to gonorrhea and syphilis, the disease should be differentiated from the following:

• phrynoderma;
• streptococcal impetigo;
• Hoffmann's perifolliculitis;
• drug toxicoderma;
• furunculosis;
• pink lichen of Zhiber;
• nodular cystic acne.

The treatment required for hair folliculitis, as well as ailments on the legs, pubis, face, back, and skin, is described below.

Complications

In most cases, this disease does not cause serious consequences for human life and health. But if there is no proper treatment, the infection penetrates deeply and the disease becomes more complicated. The situation is aggravated if the patient neglects the rules of hygiene, and also if he has a significant weakening of the immune system.

Complications of the disease include the following:

• and carbuncles;
• dermatophytosis;
• formation of scar tissue;
• rotting of tissues.

Scars and cicatrices are formed as a result of attempts to squeeze out pus from inflammatory elements.

How to treat folliculitis?

Single ostiofolliculitis can go away on its own, without additional treatment. To avoid complications, you can use antiseptic skin hygiene products.

In more severe cases, the following drugs are used:

1. Bactericidal ointments and solutions dry the skin and relieve inflammation: Methyluracil, Betadine, Miramistin, zinc ointment. Apply 1-3 times a day;
2. Antibiotics topically twice a day - effect on staphylococcus (erythromycin, syntomycin ointments, Levomekol)
3. Wiping the skin with alcohol solutions (boric, salicylic, camphor alcohol, brilliant green, methylene blue);
4. Antiallergic drugs to reduce itching - Suprastin, Claritin, Lomilan;
5. Pure ichthyol is applied in a thin layer to large folliculitis, and an antiseptic bandage is applied on top (change once a day);
6. Physiotherapy: UV irradiation, UHF, laser therapy.

Proven methods and recipes of traditional medicine:

1. Compresses, soothing bandages with thorny leaves. Boil 50 g of root in 0.5 liters of water for half an hour. After an hour, strain. Use the decoction daily.
2. Chamomile decoction is a valuable remedy for inflammation. Per liter of water - 1 tbsp. l. colors. Steam, let it brew for 30 minutes, strain. Carry out the procedure in the morning, afternoon and before bed.
3. Prickly tartar. Excellent relieves inflammation. Grind the leaves, grind them, apply the paste to the rash areas. Keep for 30 minutes.
4. Headbands with woodruff. Cover the ulcers with a paste of fresh leaves. Carry out the procedure 2 times a day.
5. Dandelion infusion. Wash roots, leaves, chop, 2 tbsp. l. raw materials pour 1 tbsp. boiling water, boil for 10–15 minutes. Strain the infusion after brewing for half an hour. Drink a quarter glass 3 times a day.
6. Burdock decoction. Pour a spoonful of crushed root into 0.5 liters of water. Boil for 10 minutes, let sit for an hour, strain. Take the healing infusion twice a day before meals.
7. Effective applications. Prepare a decoction: pour 2 tbsp. water 200 g of rose hips, the same amount of viburnum, add 100 g of nettle, 10 g of green walnut shells. Simmer on fire for 10 minutes. The decoction is infused for a day. Mix 50 g of fresh cottage cheese and honey. Dilute the curd-honey mixture with a decoction, apply it 3 times during the day for 15–20 minutes.

If the lesion is large, then oral antimicrobial drugs are prescribed - Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Cephalexin, Amoxicillin. Before using any of these remedies, consult your doctor!

During treatment, avoid contact with water and do not visit the sauna, swimming pool or shower.

Nutrition

Diet is not necessary when folliculitis occurs. But there are concomitant diseases for which dietary adjustments are necessary. Patients who are obese or have diabetes should follow a low-carbohydrate diet.

It is important to adhere to the following dietary rules:

1. The consumption of animal fats should be limited.
2. Eliminate flour products, spices, chocolate, sweets, alcohol, strong coffee and tea from your diet.
3. Eat as many fresh vegetables as possible to provide your body with the required amount of fiber. You can also eat bran.
4. You should include a sufficient amount of protein in your diet, including animal protein. Preference should be given to lean meats such as veal, chicken and turkey.
5. It is worth eating more foods rich in vitamins. Carrots, beets, rose hips, and blueberries will be especially useful.

Prevention

Prevention of folliculitis consists of the need to eliminate factors that can provoke the disease. Also, for prevention purposes, you should use soap with an antiseptic effect and regularly treat the skin with benzoyl peroxide, which has excellent disinfecting and keratolytic properties.

Human skin is a very important organ that performs a large number of vital functions. It is the skin that is one of the first to interact with the environment. Also, good skin condition is a person’s “calling card” and significantly affects self-esteem. Chemical reagents and pathogens upon contact can cause various dermatological diseases. One of them is folliculitis, which is very often diagnosed in patients all over the world. What kind of disease is this and how to properly organize its treatment?

Description of the disease

Folliculitis is a purulent inflammation due to an infection that has penetrated into the upper and middle layers of the hair follicles. Currently, this disease is very common. In some countries, this disease is detected in approximately 40% of the population. Most cases of folliculitis are reported in countries with hot climates and poor sanitary conditions. This statistic is due to the fact that at higher temperatures the infection multiplies more rapidly. Folliculitis is also especially common in disadvantaged sections of the population who do not maintain personal hygiene.

Folliculitis is classified as pyoderma or purulent skin lesions. It appears directly in the places where hair grows. At first, ostiofolliculitis forms, in which the inflammatory process affects only the upper layers of the follicle, affecting its mouth. Then the infection spreads further and folliculitis itself begins to develop.

Video about folliculitis

Types of folliculitis

There are several types of folliculitis depending on the area affected. The disease can manifest itself in the following areas:

• on the body;
• on the face;
• on the neck;
• on the scalp;
• on the lower and upper extremities;
• in the intimate area (pubic area, genitals);
• on the back;
• on the buttocks;
• armpits.

The most common are bacterial types of folliculitis. They are diagnosed in almost 60% of all cases of the disease. There are several varieties of it:

1. Staphylococcal most often forms on those areas of the skin where there is hard stubble. Usually observed in the cheeks and chin area in men after shaving. The most dangerous is Staphylococcus aureus. Typically, infection occurs by airborne droplets, in which the infection enters the body and can subsequently reach the skin, inflaming the hair follicles. You can also become infected through direct contact with a sick person. Staphylococcal folliculitis can be of the following types:
   1. Superficial is otherwise called ostiofolliculitis or staphylococcal impetigo; it is the mildest form and does not cause serious skin lesions.
   2. Deep staphylococcal folliculitis or sycosis is a more severe degree of the disease, several layers of the epidermis are affected, the symptoms are very pronounced.
2. Pseudomonas is also called “hot bath folliculitis” because it usually appears after swimming in a bathtub, pool, or other body of water in which the water has not been sufficiently chlorinated. The most susceptible are patients who took antibiotics to combat acne; they begin to experience a sharp deterioration in the condition of the skin of the face and upper body. The infection enters through small cracks, cuts and wounds.
3. Gram-negative folliculitis often develops due to decreased immunity. Sometimes the provoking factor is taking antibiotics and hormonal drugs. Due to their use, gram-positive flora on the surface of the skin is destroyed and gram-negative microorganisms, such as Escherichia, Klebsiella, Serratia, increase in proliferation. The disease develops extremely rapidly and usually has an acute form. Most often it appears on the face.

In addition to bacterial, there is also fungal folliculitis:

1. The dermatophytic type begins with inflammation of the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Subsequently, the infection further spreads into the follicles. Typically, infection occurs with ascomycete molds of the Arthodermataceae family. With this type, bleeding ulcers most often form, which then become crusty. There are the following varieties:
   1. Dermatophytosis of the scalp.
   2. Dermatophytosis of the beard and mustache.
   3. Trichophytosis granuloma of Majocchi. It causes scaly spots without hair and nodules with tubercles that look like a giant granuloma.
2. Candidal folliculitis develops due to fungi of the genus Candida. In some cases, occlusive dressings may be a provoking factor. Most often it develops on the armpits, genitals, and head.
3. Pityrosporum folliculitis is caused by fungi of the genus Pityrosporum. It usually proceeds without complications if treatment is started on time. This disease is a separately located, sometimes itchy papulosquamous rash, localized mainly on the upper half of the body and shoulders. Predisposing factors are diabetes mellitus, as well as taking broad-spectrum antibiotics or corticosteroids.

There are also the following types of folliculitis, depending on the type of pathogenic microorganism:

The following types of folliculitis are distinguished according to the severity of symptoms and the type of their manifestations:

1. Folliculitis decalvans is a chronic type. At the site of papules formation, scars then form on which practically no hair grows. Most often found on the scalp, groin and armpits. Currently, the exact causes of this form of folliculitis are still unknown.
2. Occupational folliculitis is a common disease for people who work with chemicals. Prolonged contact with the skin causes irritation, redness and inflammation. The palms and outer forearms are usually affected. Oil workers, pharmaceutical company workers, auto mechanics, and mechanics are most susceptible to this disease.
3. Depilatory folliculitis usually appears on the skin of the lower extremities. The provoking factor is the constant friction of clothing on the skin and further inflammation of the follicles, as well as a hot climate and high humidity. Most often observed in men.
4. Hoffmann's abscess folliculitis is a chronic dermatological disease. An extremely rare species, it is usually diagnosed in men aged 18–40 years. It is believed that it develops due to blockage of the hair follicles. Inflammatory nodules develop on the scalp, and under them abscesses, which, when opened, form hollow passages. The hair at the site of the lesion falls out and scars then form instead.
5. Bockhart's impetigo appears when the skin becomes soaked (macerated). This can happen when you stay in water for a long time or when applying compresses. Also, the affected area of ​​the skin becomes wet and sweats frequently. Usually the rashes are not single, they form clusters, which can subsequently form one large scaly sore.
6. Eosinophilic folliculitis is an incompletely studied species. Some scientists are inclined to believe that the cause of the formation of purulent papules is eosinophils, special cells of the immune system that accumulate under the skin. Very often found in patients with HIV infection.

According to the type of course, there is acute and chronic folliculitis. Acute is characterized by severe symptoms and a rapid increase in the affected area. Chronic usually accompanies the patient throughout his life and is replaced by periods of exacerbation and remission.

Causes and development factors

The main cause of folliculitis is infection of the hair follicle and its subsequent inflammation. Through small wounds and microcracks on the skin, pathogenic microorganisms penetrate inside and contribute to the formation of a purulent process. Suppuration can be caused by:

• various types of fungi (Pityrosporum, Candida);
• molluscum contagiosum;
• herpes simplex and herpes zoster;
• staphylococcus;
• Treponema pallidum (the causative agent of syphilis);
• gram-negative gonococci (causative agents of gonorrhea);
• ticks.

There are special factors that may affect the occurrence of this disease:

• depilation;
• shaving;
• failure to comply with hygiene measures;
• skin injury;
• frequent wearing of pressure bandages;
• increased sweating;
• diabetes;
• anemia;
• reduced immunity, as well as immunodeficiency diseases such as HIV;
• immunosuppressive therapy;
• long-term use of local glucocorticosteroids;
• liver dysfunction;
• contact with irritating substances;
• metabolic disorders.

There is also a high risk of folliculitis in patients suffering from various itchy types of dermatosis, such as eczema and all kinds of dermatitis.

Symptoms

The external manifestations of folliculitis can vary greatly among patients. Depending on the state of immunity, several small pimples or hundreds of inflamed follicles may form on a person’s skin. Some people develop small pustules with white or yellowish contents (pustules) several millimeters in size around the hair follicle, and the skin around them may be somewhat reddened. This is usually what the superficial form of the disease looks like. It passes most quickly, after a few days they begin to dry out, in their place crusts and slightly darker areas of the skin form, which subsequently quickly disappear. Such rashes are painless to the touch. A common complaint with a mild form of folliculitis is a cosmetic defect, which is what most patients consult a doctor with.

In a more serious form, where the deeper layers of the epidermis are affected, the symptoms are more pronounced and cause a lot of inconvenience to patients. Painful nodules can reach one centimeter in length. A purulent blister with a hair in the middle is visible on the surface of the skin. When you press on it, the contents easily come out, but usually such rashes dry up on their own within a few days and leave behind a crust. Some patients experience itching and burning, and in some cases an enlargement of nearby lymph nodes is detected.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis

At the first signs of dermatological diseases, you should consult a dermatologist. The diagnosis is usually made by external examination, history taking and laboratory tests. External manifestations in the form of pustules and pustules are a characteristic diagnostic marker and make it easy to identify folliculitis.

It is very important to establish the type of infection that led to the formation of folliculitis. To do this, the contents of the pustules are collected and bacteriological culture and microscopic analysis of the samples taken is carried out. In order to exclude such serious diseases as gonorrhea and syphilis, it is necessary to carry out PCR diagnostics, which is based on studying the DNA of the pathogenic microorganism. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe dermatoscopy, with which you can study in more detail the extent of damage to the hair follicle.

Also a mandatory study is a content analysis, since folliculitis is often found in patients with diabetes. In some situations, an immunogram is required if there is a suspicion of reduced immunity.

All diagnostic procedures allow us to differentiate folliculitis from streptococcal impetigo, drug-induced toxicoderma, lichen, follicular keratosis and miliaria.

Treatment

Not all cases of folliculitis require treatment. In many situations, small rashes go away on their own, without affecting the life and well-being of the patient. However, in more severe cases, it is necessary to consult a doctor to prescribe the correct treatment regimen. It is important to exclude provoking factors that can lead to folliculitis.

If the cause of the disease is the use of antibiotics or any other drugs, they will need to be discontinued. If diabetes is detected, it is very important to undergo special drug therapy and adhere to a special diet.

In some situations, the doctor may prescribe opening the ulcers and subsequent treatment of the wounds with antiseptic agents. It is worth understanding that in no case should you squeeze out ulcers yourself, as this can lead to the addition of other infections, as well as to their further spread throughout the body.

It is worth understanding that the patient may be contagious, so he needs to use only his personal towel, bed linen and various other hygiene items. It is worth changing clothes more often, washing them with disinfectants, boiling them and ironing them thoroughly. You should not take hot baths during illness, so as not to provoke excessive sweating. You are also prohibited from visiting saunas, steam baths, swimming pools and open reservoirs.

Drug therapy

If the treatment of folliculitis is started at the earliest stages, then superficial treatment of the wounds is usually sufficient. For deep lesions of the epidermis, more serious drug therapy is prescribed. Patients may be prescribed the following medications:

1. For external treatment of wounds, salicylic alcohol or ointments containing salicylic acid and benzoyl peroxide, fucorcin, a solution of potassium permanganate and brilliant green are suitable.
2. Compresses with ichthyol ointment are prescribed for the treatment of deep folliculitis.
3. Acyclovir and Valtrex are suitable for use in herpetic form.
4. Iodinol is an antiseptic that is especially effective against gram-negative bacteria.
5. Antibiotics are prescribed for many types of folliculitis, especially for the gram-negative form (Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin).
6. Roaccutane and Acnecutane are prescribed for the treatment of acne; they suppress the sebaceous glands and reduce the severity of rashes.
7. Vitamin complexes are prescribed to improve general health.
8. Means for strengthening the immune system (Vitaferon, Timalin, Immunal).
9. Antifungal ointments (Clotrimazole, Fundizol, Exoderil).
10. Corticosteroids to relieve inflammation (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone, Cortisone).

Diet

Diet is not necessary when folliculitis occurs. But there are concomitant diseases for which dietary adjustments are necessary. Patients who are obese or have diabetes should follow a low-carbohydrate diet. It is important to adhere to the following dietary rules:

1. You should include a sufficient amount of protein in your diet, including animal protein. Preference should be given to lean meats such as veal, chicken and turkey.
2. The consumption of animal fats should be limited.
3. Eliminate flour products, spices, chocolate, sweets, alcohol, strong coffee and tea from your diet.
4. Eat as many fresh vegetables as possible to provide your body with the required amount of fiber. You can also eat bran.
5. It is worth eating more foods rich in vitamins. Carrots, beets, rose hips, and blueberries will be especially useful.

Physiotherapeutic methods

To treat folliculitis, your doctor may prescribe various physiotherapeutic procedures. They significantly improve the condition of the skin and promote rapid healing of rashes.

Ural Federal District

Ufo-therapy is a physiotherapeutic procedure using ultraviolet rays. After completing a course of ten sessions, an increase in immunity, elimination of inflammation and drying of pustules are noted. The skin gradually acquires a healthy appearance and the severity of folliculitis is significantly reduced.

Ultraphonophoresis

This procedure is very effective in treating folliculitis. Under the influence of ultrasound, medications are injected into the skin. Anti-inflammatory agents are usually used, but antibacterial agents can also be used. After the procedure, the number of pustules is significantly reduced, the skin dries out, and cellular metabolism is activated, due to which accelerated tissue regeneration occurs.

Dermabrasion

This procedure is very modern and is used in many cosmetology clinics. This is a special type of mechanical facial cleansing to eliminate superficial and deep skin problems. Dermbrasion is prescribed after getting rid of pustules to improve the appearance and eliminate superficial small scars. After the procedure, increased collagen production and skin smoothing occur.

Darsonvalization

Treatment with this method is based on the effect of high voltage and frequency pulsed current on the skin. The procedure is painless, but sometimes a slight tingling sensation may be felt. With folliculitis, the pustules dry out, blood circulation in the upper layers of the skin is stimulated and tissue regeneration is accelerated.

Irradiation with a mercury-quartz lamp

Most people have at least once encountered such a procedure as quartzing. Currently, this method is used to disinfect not only premises and clothing, but also to treat purulent wounds and ulcers. Thanks to this procedure, pathogenic bacteria are destroyed and folliculitis goes away in the shortest possible time.

Folk remedies

In some cases, with the superficial form of folliculitis, it is possible to use herbal medicine. It is important to understand that even herbal preparations can only be used after consulting a doctor.

Chamomile decoction

Use chamomile tea, which is sold at the pharmacy in special bags, to avoid getting plant particles into the wounds. Place a saucepan with 250 ml of clean drinking water on the fire and bring to a boil, put two bags in there and cook over low heat for ten minutes. Cool the resulting decoction, blot with a cotton pad and wipe the affected areas of the skin twice a day.

Decoction for immunity

This recipe is especially suitable for folliculitis caused by decreased immunity. Take two tablespoons of dried burdock root, rose hips, black currant leaves, and one spoon of eleutherococcus. Grind the plants and take two tablespoons of the resulting mixture, pour 500 ml of clean water. Bring to a boil and simmer over low heat for ten minutes. Cool and drink 50 ml twice a day. The course of admission is two weeks.

Herbal compresses

To prepare this remedy, you need to collect fresh thistle leaves. Grind them in a blender and lubricate the affected area with the mixture. Cover the top with a bandage or cling film and leave for about one hour. Use once a day for three days. Collect fresh thistle leaves every time.

You can also use compresses from a decoction of viburnum, chamomile and rose hips. Take one tablespoon of these plants, add a glass of water, bring to a boil and cook for ten minutes. Cool and filter the resulting decoction, apply to cotton wool and apply to areas affected by folliculitis for ten minutes. Repeat the procedures once a day for one week.

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

The prognosis for folliculitis is positive in most situations. In case of deep ulcers, small scars may remain. A timely visit to a doctor and properly selected treatment will allow you to get rid of purulent rashes in the shortest possible time. Over time, the skin acquires a normal shade and even remaining cosmetic defects become barely noticeable.

Folliculitis is not a dangerous disease, but there is a risk of complications. Most often they appear when you try to open the formed pustules on the skin yourself. In case of improper treatment or re-infection of wounds, the following dangerous consequences may develop:

1. Boils occur when the sebaceous glands and tissues closest to them are involved in the pathological process. This disease occurs in an acute form and sometimes causes very severe pain. The affected area may extend over several centimeters and become very swollen. Many patients develop a high fever, feel weak and sometimes even lose their appetite. After opening the purulent vesicle, relief comes sharply and the healing process begins. If the boil is not treated correctly, the process of blood poisoning can begin, which leads to very serious consequences and sometimes even death.
2. Carbuncles are necrotic lesions near the hair follicles. Severe tissue damage occurs and after healing, deep ulcers may remain on the skin, which sometimes even reach the muscle layer. Usually a single carbuncle is formed; they rarely jump up in groups. It is a very pronounced rounded infiltrate, which can be reddish, bluish and even dark gray in color due to necrotic processes. The temperature can rise to 40 0 ​​C. In the absence of timely and proper treatment, the infection spreads throughout the body, causing extensive sepsis.
3. An abscess forms when the inflammatory process spreads to nearby tissues. They begin to necrotize and form limited capsules filled with pus.
4. Cellulitis is an extremely serious complication of folliculitis, which requires surgical treatment. The infection spreads to nearby fatty tissue and causes tissue suppuration. The danger lies in the rapid spread of the pathological process to muscles, tendons and bones. The course of the disease is acute, the patient's condition quickly deteriorates.
5. Hidradenitis, in which purulent inflammation of the sweat glands occurs. It is usually localized in the armpits, but can sometimes appear in the neck, navel, groin and mammary glands.

In case of widespread infection in the body, damage to various internal organs, including the brain, can occur, after which it develops.

Prevention of folliculitis

The main direction of preventing folliculitis is compliance with hygiene measures. It is very important to wear clean clothes and take a shower or bath. After shaving, you should use special lotions that have disinfecting properties. You should not visit ponds with dirty water or swimming pools that are not properly disinfected.

It is also very important to control the intake of antibiotics and in no case exceed the dosage and duration of treatment. It is necessary to strengthen the immune system with the help of hardening or special medications and herbal preparations.

Video about folliculitis in Elena Malysheva’s program “Live Healthy”

Features of folliculitis in children

In children, the course of the disease is similar to the clinical picture in adult patients. The cause of rashes is usually various bacteria and violations in the care of the baby's skin. At the first signs of folliculitis, parents should begin to carefully monitor the child’s hygiene and avoid diaper rash. Drug therapy can be prescribed only after consultation with a specialist. In some cases, the use of tea tree oil, which needs to be lubricated with pustules several times a day, can help. This remedy has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Folliculitis is a pustular infectious disease. This pathological process is provoked by bacterial, viral or fungal agents. It occurs on the outside of the head in the hair follicle, sometimes it can penetrate much deeper. The disease is more typical for males, in rare cases it occurs in children and women. When ingested, it becomes chronic. What is scalp folliculitis, treatment of this disease, diagnosis, symptoms and prevention is the topic of this article.

What kind of disease is this?

Folliculitis is a purulent-inflammatory disease that manifests itself in the hair follicle. The disease is complex; formations in the form of medium-sized red-pink blisters turn into an abscess with yellow-green liquid after a few days. When contacting them, a person experiences painful sensations. The pain on the surface of the head is cutting and continuous.

Folliculitis of the scalp is typical for southern countries with a hot and humid climate, which contributes to the development of infections. Also, similar inflammatory processes occur in people living in unsanitary conditions.

Development of the disease

The follicle affected by the disease has the shape of a ball containing pus. This formation affects not only the bulb, but also the nearby sebaceous glands. Folliculitis of the scalp occurs in several stages:

• Development.
• Height.
• Transition stage.
• Rest stage.

This skin disease is characterized by both superficial and internal lesions. According to statistics, internal inflammation is most often diagnosed.

What contributes to the development of the disease?

The cause of the development of a disease such as folliculitis of the scalp, the photo of which you see above, can be, for example:

• Failure to comply with personal hygiene rules, scalp contamination.
• Incorrectly or untimely applied tight sealed bandage, which is used for wounds on the head.
• Climate conditions (high ambient temperature).
• Use of various drugs.
• Injury to the scalp.
• Use of tight synthetic quality hats.
• Diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver dysfunction) and malnutrition.

The likelihood of infection entering the follicle increases in the presence of minor microtraumas or damage to the scalp.

Types of disease

Any bacteria or fungus can provoke the development of the disease. Folliculitis of the scalp has various forms, each of which has its own symptoms and treatment:

Staphylococcal folliculitis. The causative agent is a bacterium that manifests itself externally and internally. This disease can occur in men when shaving their heads bald, as small scratches allow the entry of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. If the disease becomes internal, a boil may form.

Hoffmann's folliculitis of the scalp. The course of this type of disease is quite rare. Its symptoms are practically unknown. It is believed that the inflammatory process in some cases becomes chronic; this is Hoffmann’s folliculitis of the scalp. The reasons are associated with occlusion of the pilosebaceous follicles. A long course of the disease can affect not only the hair follicle, but also parts of the skin around it. This form of the disease has a fairly large affected area. In the affected areas, hair growth stops completely. The neglected process leads to irreversible consequences, since the hair in these places falls out, and its further growth is impossible. Abscesses formed on the skin take a very long time to heal, leaving behind deep scars.

Decalcifying. It is chronic and can develop due to fungi and infections. This type of folliculitis develops mainly in dark areas of the hair.

Candida. A form of folliculitis caused by fungi. It appears as large bubbles in the center of the hair follicle. This disease occurs in patients who are constantly lying down on their back.

Herpetic. The cause of this form of the disease is the herpes virus. First, bubbles form, and then they burst and dry, forming a crust. This type is quite common in the nasolabial triangle in men.

Syphilitic. This appears as a red rash, it is often oval or circle shaped, and hair does not grow in these places.

Symptoms of the disease

Folliculitis manifests itself in the form of pustules of medium size. These pimples are shaped like a cone. There is almost always a reddish outline around the bubble, which indicates an inflammatory process. In most cases, a person does not experience any pain or itching. The disease progresses within 2-5 days. After this, the blisters burst, the wound dries out, and at this stage itching and peeling are possible.

With internal folliculitis, dense subcutaneous pimples form and can cause pain. Such nodes also have a rim of inflammation, but it is less noticeable. If you press on the formation, it bursts, releasing pus and an unpleasant odor. After this, the wound heals, forming a crust, but the most unpleasant and painful period for a person is the process of maturation of the subcutaneous nodes.

Disease in children

This disease is quite dangerous for children in infancy. The development of the disease is usually provoked by bacteria trapped under the skin. The disease manifests itself in the form of blisters filled with white or red liquid.

If parents notice such symptoms in their children, they should immediately consult a doctor. To a greater extent, this disease is treated with traditional methods, such as tea tree oil. Apply this solution to the affected areas several times a day.

Diagnostics

There is an opinion that such a disease is not dangerous - this is a misconception. It is very important to consult a specialist at the slightest sign; he will diagnose folliculitis of the scalp, determine the causes and treatment in accordance with the stage of the disease. Timely medical therapy will help eliminate the disease faster.

If folliculitis appears, it is important to determine its causative agent, as well as possible diseases that can provoke its complication. A dermatologist examines the patient, performs dermatoscopy, and samples the discharge from the pimple for examination. This analysis makes it possible to determine the nature of the disease and its causative agent; this method will help to select the correct treatment and therapy.

How to get rid of this disease?

Therapeutic therapy will be much more effective if the patient begins to fight the disease at the initial stages of the inflammatory process. Although today medications are widely used against such a severe form of the disease as deep folliculitis of the scalp. There is the following treatment algorithm:

• The resulting pimples and the surface of the scalp must be treated with antiseptic preparations (salicylic or camphor alcohol (2% solution), brilliant green, Fukortsin).

• A large cluster of deep pimples is opened by a specialist, followed by treatment with an antiseptic solution.
• In order for healing to proceed faster, special ointments are used that are used to treat the affected areas of the skin several times a day (for example, ichthyol ointment).
• If the disease is severe, the specialist will prescribe a special course of antibiotics based on a study of the fluid in the blisters.
• In some cases, medications are used to boost immunity.

To prevent scars from remaining on the skin, the doctor prescribes physical therapy, but only after the disease has subsided.

Folliculitis of the scalp: treatment with folk remedies

A large number of people treat this disease at home. The following effective recipes exist:

• Chamomile decoction.
• A mixture of herbs.
• Woodruff fragrant.
• Dandelion infusion.
• Burdock infusion.

How to prepare such decoctions?

Traditional medicine can offer a huge list of remedies to get rid of folliculitis of the scalp. Such medicines can be very easily prepared at home.

To prepare a chamomile-based decoction, you need to take a tablespoon of the plant’s flowers and pour one liter of boiling water. Then let it brew. The resulting solution is wiped over the affected areas of the skin.

For the herbal decoction you need: rose hips and viburnum berries, approximately 150-250 g each, add 150 g of nettle and 25-50 g of walnut bark. Pour everything with water and mix, put on fire and boil for 7-9 minutes. This decoction should sit, then it is added to cottage cheese or honey, mixed and masks are made. This method is quite effective in the treatment of folliculitis. The procedure is performed 2-3 times a day for 10-15 minutes.

For treatment, a paste prepared from the leaves is used; procedures are performed in the form of applying bandages, several times a day.

Dandelion decoction is taken orally, 2-3 glasses per day. In order to prepare it, you need to take the leaves and roots of the plant, chop it and pour boiling water over it. This is an excellent way to treat internal folliculitis.

Burdock infusion is taken 3-4 times a day. To prepare, grind the root of the plant, pour one liter of boiling water over it and let it settle. After this, strain and cool.

Traditional medicine today is a fairly common method of treating a huge number of diseases.

How to prevent the recurrence of the disease?

Prevention is important in the treatment of a disease such as folliculitis of the scalp. Timely measures will help prevent the development of the disease. The main rule is to maintain personal hygiene of the scalp and hair.

When even small wounds appear on the skin, they must be treated with antiseptic or disinfectants. Men should pay great attention to this procedure after shaving their heads.

Conclusion

A disease such as folliculitis of the scalp must be treated; its consequences can have a bad outcome, and if it is accompanied by some other illness, this can seriously complicate the situation. That is why it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor at the slightest symptoms. A specialist dermatologist will conduct a full range of examinations, perform a blood test, as well as the fluid contained in the blisters. Such data will help you easily determine the symptoms and type of disease and select the necessary drugs for treatment.

Inflammation of the hair follicle, characterized by purulent inflammatory processes on the surface of the skin. Folliculitis leads to the natural opening of these nodules and the release of pus. Over time, a small ulcer forms at this site, which heals, leaving behind a scar.

According to statistics, this skin disease occupies a leading place among diagnoses leading to temporary disability of patients. There are no sex or age differences in the occurrence of the disease. As a rule, folliculitis appears in people who work as miners, builders, metallurgists and transport workers.

Symptoms of folliculitis

Clinical manifestations of folliculitis are determined by the infectious agent that affects the follicles and the type of disease, but, as a rule, the following symptoms appear:

The process is localized on the hairy areas of the body:

• axillary area;
• head;
• legs;
• face.

Associated symptoms include itching and possible local fever. Symptoms when severe forms of the disease occur are caused by the appearance of foci of folliculitis, which merge and the purulent contents spread under the skin.

Treatment of folliculitis

When the first symptoms of folliculitis appear, you should seek help from a doctor. After diagnosis, the doctor prescribes individual treatment, which eliminates symptoms as soon as possible and prevents the development of complications.

Treatment of folliculitis is complex and includes the following components:

From a hygiene point of view, it is necessary to protect the patient from hot water, which stimulates inflammation. Towels, bed linen and clothes should be changed, washed and ironed regularly.

For local treatment, antiseptics, ointments or gels are prescribed, which are applied directly to the place where the disease is localized:

• iodine and brilliant green;
• salicylic and camphor alcohol (2%);
• ichthyol ointment;
• syntomycin or erythromycin ointment.

In advanced cases, the doctor does a “cleaning”, opens the papules and treats them with antiseptic agents. It is strictly not recommended to do this on your own.

Antibiotics are used to treat folliculitis:

• acyclovir;
• suffrax;
• clarithromycin;
• amoxiclav.

To maintain immunity, the patient is prescribed vitamin complexes:

• immunal;
• Vitaferon.

When the disease subsides, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed, the purpose of which is to prevent the formation of scars on the surface of the skin. Such procedures are performed once every one or two days, the course of therapy consists of 7-10 sessions. For this use:

• dermabrasion;
• laser treatment;
• UV irradiation.

Treatment of certain types of folliculitis:

Diet for folliculitis

If folliculitis occurs, a change in diet is required, subject to the following rules:

Folk remedies for treating folliculitis

The use of folk remedies can supplement the treatment of folliculitis.

Common traditional medicine recipes:

Causes of folliculitis

Folliculitis is a pathological condition of the skin caused by exposure to staphylococcus and other bacteria. The occurrence of folliculitis is influenced by the presence of skin damage: cracks, wounds and scratches that have not been treated with antibacterial agents. The pathogens enter the hair follicle when the skin is damaged or when hair is removed. Infection often occurs when personal hygiene rules are not followed.

The development of the disease is provoked by the following factors:

• hypothermia;
• skin damage;
• taking antibiotics and glucocorticosteroids;
• exposure to chemicals;
• increased sweating;
• tight-fitting clothing;
• malnutrition;
• avitaminosis;
• decreased immunity.

In addition, the following diseases affect the occurrence of folliculitis:

• diabetes;
• thyroid gland;
• infectious;
• AIDS and HIV infection;
• tuberculosis;
• oncological;
• liver.

The risk group includes:

Folliculitis in children

The disease is dangerous for infants. The disease manifests itself in the form of blisters that appear on the skin; inside the formations there is a light or bloody liquid. As a rule, children develop fungal folliculitis of the scalp, which is characterized by the formation of flat white plaques on the skin with a border around it.

Inflammation of the hair follicle in children occurs for several reasons:

• improper skin hygiene;
• unstable immunological barrier;
• HIV transmitted from the mother;
• accompanying illnesses.

In children, the disease occurs in a complex form due to the body’s inability to fight the inflammatory process (clinical signs are intense). But the child’s hair suffers less loss (this does not apply to adolescence) - after the inflammation subsides, the skin quickly recovers.

Complications of folliculitis

If the disease is not treated when the first symptoms appear, complications develop.

Furuncle

Necrosis of the sebaceous gland and adjacent tissues occurs. A painful lump appears on the head, face or pubic area with a softening area in the center. With multiple localization we are talking about furunculosis.

Carbuncle

Neighboring follicles undergo necrotization with the formation of a necrotic core. Characterized by pain, swelling, and fever.

Abscess

With the further course of the inflammatory process, total purulent melting of the tissue occurs with the formation of a cavity. The abscess is delimited from surrounding tissues by an inflammatory capsule.

Phlegmon

Pus spreads beyond the capsule to the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Unlike an abscess, the purulent process is not limited and is prone to further spread. The course of the disease is sometimes severe and requires urgent surgical intervention.

Classification of folliculitis

Depending on the degree of damage to the skin:

Depending on the reason:

Depending on the number of pustules:

• single - when one nodule is inflamed, it goes away on its own within a week, leaving no traces behind;
• plural.

Diagnosis of folliculitis

Based on the presence of a rash with a characteristic localization on the head, face and limbs with pustules in the follicular ostia, the doctor makes a diagnosis after examining the patient. If necessary, microscopy of the purulent contents of the pustules is prescribed, culture on a nutrient medium with a test for sensitivity to antibiotics.

Diagnostics includes:

• hair follicle examination;
• identifying the pathogen that caused the inflammation;
• exclusion of syphilis, gonorrhea;
• identifying other diseases that provoke the development of inflammation.

During the diagnostic process, it is also important to distinguish folliculitis from other skin diseases:

• pityriasis rosea;
• acne;
• perifolliculitis;
• toxicoderma;
• furunculosis;
• inflammation of the follicles of a non-infectious nature;
• follicular keratosis.

Prognosis for folliculitis

As a rule, in adults, the course of folliculitis is mild if personal hygiene measures are observed. At the same time, folliculitis in children becomes a dangerous disease, since the disease provokes the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the baby’s body: nephritis, meningitis and pneumonia.

The child’s body reacts sharply to inflammatory processes. Therefore, at the first manifestations of skin diseases, you need to consult a doctor to prevent unwanted consequences.

Prevention of folliculitis

To prevent relapses of the disease, long walks in the fresh air, good sleep, a balanced diet and personal hygiene are recommended. If microtraumas of the skin occur, the site of injury needs to be treated with an antiseptic. If you notice the formation of a pustular rash, it is not recommended to try to treat it yourself; consult a doctor.

To prevent folliculitis you need to follow the simplest rules:

Questions and answers on the topic "Folliculitis"

Question:Hello! A year ago I went to Thailand, I was 20 weeks pregnant. Hair on the legs began to grow heavily there, inflammation and small spots of red and bluish color appeared. Not a very aesthetic picture. I did not change the hair removal method. Initially, I sinned due to changes in hormonal levels. I consulted with doctors, but didn’t hear anything sensible. And only now I realized that it was folliculitis. Please advise how to save yourself in such cases?

Answer: Read the previous answer.

Question:Hello. I am 51 years old. The skin on the body is clean, there have always been acne problems on the face since childhood in the area of ​​the nose, mustache, and chin. Now they happen, but not so often. When I treated the gastrointestinal tract there was no improvement. In 2011, I was treated for pyelonephritis, the rash went away (I took antibiotics). But it all started again.

Answer: Hello. I recommend that you consult a qualified dermatologist to clarify the diagnosis. Unfortunately, it is impossible to clarify the diagnosis in absentia, and the formation of folliculitis can be characteristic of several diseases; there cannot be a universal approach to treatment.

Question:Hello. Constant itching and inflammation of the hair follicles on the left side of the head for three years. I went to a dermatologist at the local clinic and received a blood transfusion. Did not help. The diagnostic center prescribed Zinerit solution, Momat cream, and Keto plus shampoo. I was treated for 6 weeks. After stopping the treatment, about a week later it all started again. I tried not washing my hair - it was even worse. There are problems with the gastrointestinal tract. He underwent a course of antibiotic treatment. 4 months have passed. The problems remain. What to do?

Answer: Hello. Folliculitis is a bacterial inflammation of the hair follicles. It usually heals quite quickly. But if there are diseases of the endocrine system or immunodeficiency states, then the root cause must first be eliminated, on the basis of which this process endlessly recurs. Without the data from your examination, I cannot say for what reason the treatment in your case is not effective.

Question:Hello. My son is 6 months old. About a week ago he developed what looked like dry pus in one nostril. We visited an ENT doctor and told us it was folliculitis. They prescribed hyoxyzone ointment and sinomarin drops. But the doctor said that a maximum of 3-5 days. Please tell me what folliculitis is in general and what can you advise? We have been using these medications for 4 days now, and there are no significant changes yet.

Answer: Hello. Folliculitis is purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. Try using aquamaris ointment with dexpanthenol.