Taking birth control pills for ovarian cysts. How does a follicular ovarian cyst resolve - the causes of the pathology? What should you take for an ovarian cyst?

Ovarian cyst is a very common gynecological pathology. Women faced with a similar diagnosis are interested in how dangerous such a tumor is and whether it is possible to do without surgical intervention. It all depends on the type of cyst, its size and the general well-being of the patient. Sometimes treatment is possible without surgery if the tumor is small in size and there are no complications. In each case, the issue is resolved individually, taking into account the woman’s age, her desire to preserve childbearing capacity, the characteristics of her body, as well as existing symptoms.

The cause of formation is hormonal disorders in the body, inflammatory, infectious and other diseases of the uterus and ovaries, early puberty, congenital abnormalities of the genital organs. The cyst can form on one of the ovaries or on both. Bilateral pathology often causes a woman’s infertility.

Other complications encountered in the presence of a cyst are twisting of its stalk. Tissue necrosis causes sepsis. The tumor may burst unexpectedly. In this case, its contents are released into the peritoneum, resulting in peritonitis.

When a cyst reaches a large size, it compresses the blood vessels, disrupting blood circulation. It puts pressure on the bladder and bowels, making it difficult for them to function. Symptoms appear only after the tumor reaches a sufficiently large size (7-8 cm in diameter). In this case, the woman feels nagging pain in one or both ovaries, an increase in the size of the abdomen and the appearance of its asymmetry are possible. When the leg is twisted or the tumor ruptures, symptoms of an “acute abdomen” appear (severe pain, nausea, vomiting).

Different types of cysts differ in the nature of development and degree of danger.

Types of ovarian cysts

There are functional (retention) and dysfunctional (organic) ovarian formations.

Functional are formed due to disruption of the menstrual cycle. Their main manifestations are irregular long periods and intermenstrual bleeding. The peculiarity is that such ovarian cysts disappear on their own without surgery within 2-3 cycles. Therefore, they rarely reach large sizes. These include luteal (corpus luteum) and follicular cysts.

TO organic include all neoplasms that do not disappear after 3 months. Most often, surgery is required to remove them, but in some cases conservative treatment is also possible. These include the following types of cysts:

paraovarian (periovarian, formed on its appendage);
endometrioid (formed due to the ingrowth of endometrial particles into the ovarian tissue, thrown from the uterus with menstrual blood);
dermoid, which is a congenital pathology, contains particles of adipose and bone tissue.

Addition: The cause of an endometrioid cyst can be sexual intercourse during menstruation, as well as overflow of the uterus with menstrual blood due to improper use of pads and tampons.

Diagnostics

The following diagnostic methods allow you to establish the presence of pathology, determine its type and size:

Gynecological examination and palpation of the abdomen in the area of the uterus and ovaries.
Transabdominal (external) and transvaginal (through the vagina) ultrasound of the ovaries. Using a special sensor, you can determine the size of the cyst and monitor its changes.
A puncture of the abdominal cavity through the posterior vaginal fornix is performed to determine the presence of blood in it.
CT or MRI allows you to obtain a three-dimensional image of the ovary along with adjacent organs. In this way, the shape and location of the tumor in relation to other organs are determined, and signs of malignant degeneration (metastasis) are detected.

A pregnancy test is performed because the suspected cyst may be a fertilized egg implanted outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy). In this case, there can be no talk of any conservative treatment; urgent surgery is needed.

Video: When and how ovarian cyst therapy is performed

Treatment with non-surgical methods

Conservative methods are used to stop the process of tumor growth and promote its disappearance by restoring hormonal levels. In addition, it is necessary to improve a woman’s overall well-being and prevent complications.

Drug therapy

Treatment of ovarian cysts without surgery is carried out using hormonal, homeopathic remedies, vitamin preparations, and physiotherapy methods. An important role is played by adherence to a special diet and physical therapy.

In some cases, a woman may need to consult a neurologist and be prescribed antidepressants or sedatives, such as Novopassit or Notta. To eliminate pain, painkillers and antispasmodics (ibuprofen, spasmalgon, no-spa) are prescribed.

If concomitant inflammatory processes and infectious diseases are detected, then antibiotics, antifungals or anti-inflammatory suppositories (dystreptase) are prescribed.

Functional neoplasms. Therapy with hormonal drugs promotes the resorption of small follicular and luteal cysts. Progesterone-based drugs are used, which can reduce estrogen levels in the blood. Among them are Janine, Marvelon, Regulon and other oral contraceptives.

Often, to normalize hormonal levels, women are prescribed duphaston. It is usually taken from the 11th day of the cycle until the 25th day, when the likelihood of the formation of functional cysts is increased. The dose of the drug is selected for each woman strictly individually in accordance with the results of a blood test for hormones. The drug is taken for 2-3 months. Duphaston is prescribed for treatment even during pregnancy, since it does not affect its course or the condition of the fetus.

Endometrioid cysts. They often occur on both ovaries. At the initial stage, drug treatment is used with hormonal drugs that suppress the production of pituitary hormones (danazol), progesterone derivatives (levonorgestrel). Painkillers, anti-inflammatory, vitamin and immune preparations are used. This allows you to stop the growth of the tumor, prevent its suppuration, and strengthen the body’s immune defense.

If therapy does not produce a noticeable effect within 3 months, there is a danger of the cyst rupturing, it increases to 7 cm, appears on both ovaries, turns into a tumor that begins to spread to the intestines and bladder, then it is removed surgically. The basis of the disease is a hormonal imbalance in the body. Therefore, after surgery, treatment with hormonal drugs is required to eliminate the imbalance.

Paraovarian. It is located between the fallopian tube and the ovary, firmly held by ligaments. In this case, it is practically impossible to do without surgery for an ovarian cyst, since it is not able to resolve on its own. Hormonal drugs are ineffective in its treatment. If the size does not exceed 2 cm, then a wait-and-see approach is most often used, treatment is postponed, and her condition is monitored.

Traditional healers claim that home remedies are effective, with the help of which you can stop the growth of the cyst and even achieve its reduction. For this purpose, it is recommended to take 1 tbsp before each meal. l. infusion prepared from a mixture of aloe, St. John's wort, yarrow and wormwood (50 g each), 3 liters of boiling water, 2 glasses of alcohol and ½ kg of honey.

The ointment with the following composition accelerates the resorption of the tumor: 200 ml of olive oil, 1 boiled yolk, 30 g of melted wax. The ointment is applied to a tampon and inserted into the vagina at night.

Comment: Under no circumstances should you rely solely on home remedies. The patient must be under constant medical supervision, and the use of folk remedies must be approved. If the doctor says that surgery is needed to treat a paraovarian ovarian cyst, it must be performed as soon as possible, without waiting for complications.

The only completely effective way to get rid of such a tumor is laparoscopic removal.

Dermoid cyst. Conservative treatment in this case is useless. Only surgery is performed. Sometimes partial or complete removal of the ovary is required.

Video: What is a follicular cyst

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapeutic methods are used after the main therapy. The following procedures apply:

Electrophoresis (administration of medicinal substances using electric current). Penetrating deeply under the skin, they accumulate there and have a long-lasting effect on the body.
Magnetotherapy. Under the influence of a magnetic field, blood circulation accelerates, swelling and pain caused by tissue inflammation disappear.
Ultraphonophoresis is the effect of ultrasound on organs.
Reflexology (acupuncture).
Balneological treatment (radon baths and therapeutic mud).

Treatment during menopause

After 50 years, women cannot form functional cysts capable of self-resorption, as the ovaries age, menstruation and related processes in the reproductive organs stop. At this age, the risk of malignant degeneration of any neoplasms in the uterus and ovaries, including cystic ones, increases significantly. Therefore, they are removed (most often along with the ovary). After this, restorative drug treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins is carried out.

Treatment during pregnancy

With the onset of pregnancy, functional cysts in a woman usually resolve by 16 weeks. If the tumor appears during pregnancy, the doctor monitors the patient’s condition especially carefully.

If a nagging pain occurs on the left or right side of the abdomen, hospitalization is carried out with suspicion of the formation of an ovarian cyst. Symptoms of a right-sided cyst may be similar to those of appendicitis. The diagnosis is finally made using ultrasound. In the early stages, conservative treatment with progesterone drugs (duphaston and others) is possible.

If complications arise, the cyst is removed to prevent complications that are dangerous to the health and life of the woman.

A follicular ovarian cyst is a common benign tumor-like neoplasm that is localized in the ovarian cavity. It consists of a follicle (immature egg) that did not leave the female body at the time of menstruation. As a rule, this pathology is most often diagnosed in women of childbearing age. The diameter of the tumor can reach 10 cm. Due to the large size of the cyst, the woman begins to experience unpleasant symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of her usual life.

Causes

The causes of follicular ovarian cysts can be various factors:

Disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system;
Unstable production of female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone);
Frequent abortions;
The presence of inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs (oophoritis, salpingitis, adnexitis, etc.);
Inappropriate contraception (independent choice of hormonal drugs);
The presence in the body of infectious diseases that are at the acute stage;
Genetic predisposition (presence of the disease in close relatives);
Promiscuous sexual relations (serve as provocateurs for the development of STDs);
Tense psycho-emotional state.

Also, a follicular ovarian cyst may appear after removal of the uterus. Such an intervention significantly reduces the performance of the ovaries, causing insufficient synthesis of female hormones.

Symptoms

Symptoms of a follicular ovarian cyst appear as follows:

Failure of the menstrual cycle (delay or early onset of menstruation);
Spotting blood between menstrual periods;
Feeling of discomfort in the abdomen;
A feeling of “fullness” in the left or right side of the lower back (depending on the location of the tumor);
Excessively intense or scanty menstrual flow;
The presence of dull pain in the lower abdomen, which becomes more intense with physical activity, sexual intercourse or sudden movement;
Increased body temperature;
Deterioration of general condition (weakness, drowsiness, fatigue).

Important! Follicular ovarian cysts that are less than 6 cm in diameter usually have no symptoms. The only sign confirming their presence is the failure of menstruation. This deviation is due to changes in the level of female sex hormones (estrogens).

Diagnostics

At the first stage of diagnosis, a gynecological examination is carried out, palpation (palpation) of the affected area, blood and a smear from the vaginal cavity are taken for analysis. After this, the following examinations are additionally prescribed:

Echography (ultrasound examination of the affected ovary);
Radiography;
Computer or magnetic resonance imaging.

A follicular cyst is very often confused with an ovarian cyst (a benign tumor formed from epithelial tissue). To accurately confirm the diagnosis, diagnostic laparoscopy can be used (studying the condition of the organ by introducing an optical device - an endoscope).

Based on the examination results and the characteristics of the patient’s body, the doctor prescribes a suitable method of therapy.

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of follicular ovarian cysts is usually carried out without surgery.

If a neoplasm is detected that does not exceed 2–3 centimeters in size, the doctor prescribes a “waiting” period. It consists of constant monitoring of the pathology for 3 months and regular ultrasound examinations. Often the neoplasm resolves on its own after 3–4 menstrual cycles.

If the tumor continues to develop and increase in diameter, then treatment with drugs aimed at eliminating the follicular ovarian cyst is recommended. For this the following can be used:

Oral contraceptives (Zhanine, Marvelon, Logest);
Anti-inflammatory drugs (Voltaren, Ibuprofen);
Medicines containing artificial or herbal analogues of female sex hormones (Tazalok, Angelik, Norkolut);
Immuno-restorative agents (vitamin complexes of groups A, B, C and tablets containing ascorbic and folic acid);
Sedatives (Notta, Valerian, Novopassit).

When a follicular ovarian cyst progresses, Duphaston is often prescribed, which contains an analogue of progesterone (the female sex hormone). The active substances of this drug negatively affect a benign tumor, thereby stopping the development of pathology and destroying the cyst at the cellular level. The dosage of Duphaston should be prescribed by the attending physician based on the results of a diagnostic examination; self-medication is fraught with serious complications.

If drug therapy does not bring results or the cyst is large (from 5 cm), then physical treatment is used. The following physiotherapeutic manipulations can stop the growth and provoke the destruction of a cystic tumor:

Electrophoresis (administration of drugs using current pulses);
Magnetotherapy (pulsing the affected area using a magnetic field);
Ultrasound therapy (vibromassage of the organ using high-frequency oscillatory waves).

If there is no positive effect, surgical removal of the cyst is prescribed. Laparoscopy is most often performed; it is the safest method and does not cause complications. During surgery, the surgeon removes the tumor through a small puncture in the abdominal cavity.

After all the manipulations, histology (examination) of the removed follicular ovarian cyst is carried out to recognize its nature, composition and make sure that it does not have malignant cells.

Complications

Untimely or poor-quality treatment of this disease is fraught with the development of the following consequences:

Twisting of the base of the cyst. If the tumor has a “leg” that is attached to the wall of the ovary, then during a sudden movement, intense blow or rough sexual intercourse it can twist. This phenomenon is accompanied by a stop in the outflow of blood to the cyst and its gradual death. As a result of this complication, the ovary becomes infected and urgent surgery is required to remove it.
Rupture of the cystic cavity. The tumor itself is filled with fluid inside. In the event of a strong mechanical impact on it or fluid pressure from the inside, the cyst shell may rupture, and a dangerous substance will spill into the abdominal cavity, thereby provoking the development of peritonitis (inflammation in the peritoneum) and even death.
Bleeding. Severe injury or intense blow to the lower abdomen can lead to disruption of the integrity of the blood supply vessels to the cyst. The result will be filling of the cystic cavity with blood and its rupture.

Attention! If, upon diagnosis of “follicular ovarian cyst,” your stomach begins to hurt sharply and severely, your body temperature has risen and you are approaching fainting, call an ambulance immediately.

Prevention

To prevent the development of a benign formation in the ovarian cavity or its recurrence, the following preventive recommendations should be followed:

Maintain hormonal and vitamin balance in the body;
Try to limit yourself from stressful situations;
Exercise regularly, excluding intense stress on the abdominal area.

Women with a genetic predisposition to the formation of cystic tumors should minimize:

Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays (in a solarium, on the beach);
Mud and thermal procedures that stimulate the acceleration of blood supply to the reproductive organs;
Long-term hot baths.

Summarizing

Follicular ovarian cyst is a pathology that is accompanied by a lot of unpleasant symptoms. If the disease is ignored, there is a possibility of irreversible consequences that inhibit the functioning of the reproductive system. However, with timely treatment, you can permanently get rid of the disease and prevent its relapse.

It happens that a woman feels healthy, but her menstruation comes late. Every time she hopes that it is pregnancy, but her hopes are not justified. Upon examination, it turns out that the content of estrogen in the blood exceeds the norm, and the reason for this is the appearance of a benign formation in the ovary - a follicular cyst. If it is small, then after 3-4 months the cycle is restored; treatment is not required, since the cyst resolves on its own. But if it increases, then complications arise. In this case, the follicular cyst is eliminated.

Follicular ovarian cyst, like the corpus luteum cyst, belongs to the functional type of neoplasm, that is, it resolves on its own. It is a cavity that appears in the wall of the follicle due to its stretching and thinning. Unlike a cystoma, no changes occur in the ovarian tissues; they do not grow, do not spread to neighboring organs, and do not turn into cancer.

Video: How a follicular cyst occurs

Types of follicular cysts

There are 2 types of follicular ovarian cysts: single-chamber (found in 95% of cases) and double-chamber.

Single chamber It is a round cavity with very thin walls.

Two-chamber a cyst is formed in those rare cases when two cysts appear simultaneously, grow rapidly and merge when they come into contact with each other. Provoking factors for the formation of a two-chamber follicular cyst are treatment of infertility with drugs that enhance the production of estrogens, stimulating follicular growth and ovulation, as well as inflammation of the uterus and appendages.

How does a follicular cyst form?

In the first half of the cycle, the follicle matures along with the egg in it. In the middle of the cycle, the follicle, having reached 3 cm in diameter, ruptures, the mature egg comes out and enters the fallopian tube, where fertilization is possible. This process is called ovulation.

If for some reason the follicle does not rupture, it continues to grow and fills with fluid. Stretching the wall leads to its thinning and causes the appearance of a cystic cavity in it. If the follicular ovarian cyst is small, then most often it gradually develops back.

A small neoplasm practically does not manifest itself in anything. But since its appearance affects the functioning of the ovary, hormonal abnormalities occur in the body, as a result of which the woman’s cycle lengthens (delays occur). Most often, a follicular ovarian cyst is discovered accidentally during a preventive ultrasound examination or when determining the causes of infertility.

It occurs more often in women of reproductive age. Cyst formation is also possible during puberty, when the production of estrogen increases sharply, and. With its onset, a woman’s number of cycles without ovulation increases.

There are known cases of congenital disease - in this case, follicular cysts are detected during the period of intrauterine development and in newborns. This occurs due to hormonal imbalances in the body of the expectant mother.

Note: In girls, the presence of a congenital follicular ovarian cyst stimulates early puberty.

Which side does it appear on?

It has been noted that pathologies occur more often in the right ovary than in the left. The fact is that follicle maturation occurs more often here. This is due to the anatomical features of the body. The right ovary has a better blood supply, since it receives blood directly from the aorta (a large vessel), while it enters the left ovary from the renal artery (that is, indirectly). Follicular cysts occur in both one and the other ovary, but in the right one they grow faster and complications occur more often than in the left one.

Note: The manifestations of a follicular cyst that occurs on the right side are similar to the symptoms of appendicitis, so sometimes there is confusion when diagnosing these diseases. The difference can only be seen with ultrasound.

Possible complications

Depending on the symptoms and possible consequences, hormonally active and inactive follicular ovarian cysts are distinguished.

Inactive Follicular cysts do not show any symptoms and gradually resolve on their own. The woman does not even know about their presence. The danger is represented by a cyst that has reached a size of 6-8 cm.

Hormonally active cysts cause menstrual abnormalities associated with an imbalance of sex hormones and increased estrogen levels. As a result of the growth of a hormonally active cyst, the following complications arise:

Rupture of the cyst and entry of the fluid contained in it into the abdominal cavity, which leads to irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum. A symptom of “acute abdomen” occurs.
Poor circulation in the growing follicular ovarian cyst and surrounding tissues leads to necrosis.
Twisting of the cyst stalk. This happens when playing sports, physical activity, or sudden changes in body position.
Infertility. A follicular cyst prevents the development of new follicles in the ovary, making ovulation impossible.

Follicular cyst during pregnancy

In rare cases, a woman can become pregnant even with a follicular cyst if ovulation occurs in the second ovary. In this case, pregnancy proceeds normally, but the risk of complications is quite high. If the cyst ruptures or twists, urgent surgery is necessary.

The formation of a follicular ovarian cyst during pregnancy is impossible, since the body intensively produces prolactin, which suppresses the production of new follicles. If at the beginning of pregnancy an ultrasound shows the presence of such a formation in the ovarian area, then there is a high probability that it is a cyst that was not previously noticed, or a cystoma.

The ultrasound procedure is repeated several times, which allows you to observe the changes occurring in it. If the follicular cyst begins to grow and the risk of complications increases, then it is removed at 14-16 weeks of pregnancy. Complications can lead to fetal death and pose a great danger to the woman.

Video: Removal of an ovarian cyst during pregnancy

Symptoms of a follicular cyst

The symptoms that occur with the formation of a follicular ovarian cyst depend on its size, hormonal activity and the presence of concomitant gynecological diseases. The occurrence of a follicular cyst is associated with stretching of its wall, which causes nagging pain in the lower abdomen. Moreover, they intensify on the eve of menstruation, during walking, physical activity, and sudden changes in body position.

A large follicular cyst presses on the bladder. In this case, urination becomes painful and frequent.

Disruption of the normal functioning of the ovary leads to hormonal imbalance. As a result, menstruation is delayed due to an increase in the duration of the cycle. Intermenstrual bleeding appears, which begins on the 14-18th day of the cycle and continues for 3 or more days. Sometimes they last until the next menstruation. Menstruation becomes painful.

Pain and discomfort are felt during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms for complications

Complications occur suddenly and manifest as acute and dangerous symptoms.

Cyst rupture. The woman feels sharp, severe pain. Weakness, nausea, vomiting (the so-called symptoms of an “acute abdomen”) appear and cold sweat appears. A slight rapid heartbeat appears and blood pressure drops. The skin turns pale to blue, drowsiness and fainting occur.

Possible variants of this pathology:

Entry of the contents of the follicular cyst into the abdominal cavity leads to the occurrence of peritonitis.
Hemorrhage into the ovary leads to apoplexy (rupture).

The danger is that when a follicular ovarian cyst ruptures, severe bleeding begins, the consequence of which is anemia. As a result of the onset of inflammatory processes, adhesions are formed that prevent the movement of eggs, which is the cause of infertility.

Large blood loss(more than 50%) leads to death.

Ruptured follicular cyst most often occurs in the middle of the cycle, when all the follicles are growing, including the one affected by the cyst. The cause of cyst rupture and bleeding may be inflammatory processes in the ovaries, blood clotting disorders, as well as a sudden change in body position, lifting heavy objects, or sexual contact.

Twisting of the pedicle of an ovarian follicular cyst. Signs of this condition are severe pain in the groin on the side where the cyst is located. The woman breaks out in a cold sweat, her blood pressure drops, she becomes dizzy, nauseated, weak, her pulse quickens, and she turns pale.

Video: Symptoms of complications of a follicular cyst

Causes of follicular cyst formation

The causes of follicular ovarian cysts are hormonal disorders, as well as infectious and inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages. Hormonal imbalance occurs in the following cases:

background restructuring occurs during puberty or menopause;
the natural balance of estrogen and progesterone is disrupted after an abortion;
a woman is taking estrogen-containing medications for infertility treatment;
Hormone replacement therapy is carried out to relieve the symptoms of menopause;
hormonal contraceptives are chosen incorrectly;
the patient leads a stressful lifestyle;
Dysfunction appears as a result of inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes (salpingo-oophoritis), as well as sexually transmitted infections.

Endocrine disorders also affect the growth of education. The content of estrogen in the blood depends on the level of pituitary hormones (follicle-stimulating FSH and luteinizing LH). The state of the thyroid gland also affects the ratio of sex hormones.

Diagnostics

In order to diagnose a follicular ovarian cyst, an examination using instrumental methods is necessary, as well as a study of blood parameters.

An ultrasound of the pelvic and abdominal organs is performed to detect the cyst and determine its size. Using diagnostic laparoscopy, a fluid sample is taken from the peritoneum to detect bleeding.

The Doppler ultrasound method is used to examine the condition of the vessels of the uterus and ovaries using ultrasound. Blood tests are performed: general (for leukocytes and coagulation), for hormones (estrogens, progesterone, FSH and LH), as well as for tumor markers.

Video: Diagnosis and treatment by laparoscopy

Treatment

Treatment is started if the follicular ovarian cyst has not resolved within 3 months. In this case, the size of the detected formation should be no more than 5 cm. The condition of the cyst is monitored using ultrasound. If it does not resolve on its own, then drug therapy, physical therapy or surgical treatment are used to eliminate it.

Drug treatment

The disappearance of the follicular cyst is accelerated by taking birth control pills that normalize the balance of estrogen and progesterone. Homeopathic preparations containing phytohormones are also used. Their systematic use allows you to get rid of this problem in about 5-6 months. After such treatment, the ovaries function normally, and the woman is able to conceive and give birth to children.

To strengthen the body's defenses, vitamins are prescribed.

Physiotherapy

Electrophoresis, magnetic therapy and other methods are used to help destroy such formations. The methods are effective only in the presence of small cystic cavities.

Surgical methods

If the size of the follicular ovarian cyst is 7-8 cm or larger, it is removed surgically.

Laparoscopy. This method is safe and low-traumatic. Follicular cysts are removed through small punctures in the abdominal wall. The operation is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. If a rupture or twisting of the cyst pedicle occurs, abdominal surgery is used: the cyst is removed through an incision.

Cystectomy. Only the follicular cyst itself is removed. In this case, the ovaries are not affected, their function is completely preserved. This method is especially actively used for excision of cysts in women of reproductive age.

Resection of an ovarian cyst. The follicular cyst and damaged ovarian tissue are removed. The woman's reproductive function is also preserved.

Ovariectomy. The ovary is completely removed. This method is used for apoplexy.

The earlier a follicular ovarian cyst is detected, the fewer problems a woman will have with treatment and the lower the likelihood of complications.

The ovaries, which synthesize the necessary hormones, are responsible for the proper functioning of the female reproductive system; they are responsible for the process of pregnancy and many other processes, if disrupted, a complication such as a cyst may appear. Next, we will tell you how you can treat a cyst with medication, without resorting to emergency methods.

What is a cyst and what types are there?

Every day, millions of processes occur in a woman’s ovaries aimed at producing offspring, namely:

Maturation of follicles for the further appearance of eggs;

Release of a mature egg (so-called ovulation) for its further fertilization;

Synthesis of hormones necessary for the growth and maturation of follicles, as well as in the event of pregnancy, for its successful maintenance;

Regulating a woman's menstrual cycle in general.

If one of the listed functions stops performing or slows down for some reason, then the woman runs the risk of getting a complication on the ovary such as a cyst.

A cyst is a neoplasm on the surface of an organ, its structure resembles a bubble.

It will be possible to treat ovarian cysts with medication if the following types of cysts are detected:

Endometrioid cyst.
Follicular cyst.
Corpus luteum cyst.
Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ovarian cyst. Drug treatment without surgery

Having heard from their attending physician a diagnosis of the presence of a cyst on the ovary, women immediately become despondent. And for some reason it immediately begins to seem that the only way to get rid of it is to perform an operation.

But this is absolutely not true. Many types of ovarian cysts, or rather the most common ones, can be treated with medication. But you shouldn’t expect your doctor to prescribe you a miracle pill that will get rid of such an ailment as an ovarian cyst in one go.

As a rule, the entire treatment regimen is based on hormonal therapy, which means it requires a long time.

Treatment of ovarian cysts with medication can be carried out using procedures such as physiotherapy, magnetic therapy, but only as prescribed by a doctor.

Also, in parallel, medications can be prescribed to reduce pain, anti-inflammatory drugs, and, of course, anti-stress therapy.

The results of such treatment can be judged after 3 months.

However, it should be noted that treatment is prescribed individually for each patient, based on test results, and there is no specific universal scheme that would be suitable for every woman.

Endometrioid cyst

An endometrioid cyst is a type of cyst in which growth of the mucous membrane is observed. It is also commonly called chocolate, since the contents with which it is filled are often dark brown.

As a rule, this cyst occurs on the right, since it has long been established that in women the right ovary works much more actively than the left.

Non-surgical therapy is amenable to drug treatment, which mainly includes therapy aimed at regulating a woman’s hormonal levels:

Hormone therapy: Diane-35, Marvelon, Regividon. It is recommended to take these drugs from the first day of the cycle, strictly at the same time.

To regulate the menstrual cycle: Duphaston, Norkolut.

Preparations for regulating the action of the pituitary gland: Danol, Danazol.

In parallel to the above medications, immunostimulating drugs such as Cycloferon, vitamins, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs are added.

Follicular ovarian cyst. Treatment without surgery

Perhaps this is the most harmless and safest type of cyst that can occur on the ovary. Its appearance is primarily due to the inability of a mature follicle to rupture. That is, the release of a mature egg into the fallopian tube did not occur. It is at this place that such a new formation then appears. It is recommended to plan pregnancy only after the problem disappears. Used to treat a disease such as follicular ovarian cyst, treatment without surgery.

The effectiveness of this treatment is almost 95%.

As a rule, the patient is prescribed Regulon, Mercilon, Diane-35, Marvelon, Regividon or other contraceptive drugs.

As soon as the patient has her next menstruation, from the second to the fifth day it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound examination in order to confirm the effectiveness of the treatment.

As a rule, a follicular cyst disappears with the first onset of menstruation.

Corpus luteum cyst

This type of cyst forms on the ovary after it has fulfilled its main function - ovulation. In place of the released egg, a corpus luteum is formed, which will secrete the hormone progesterone until the 18th week of pregnancy (if it occurs). However, if the blood flow is disrupted, a cyst may appear in it.

In this case, medical treatment of the ovarian cyst is prescribed. It can be removed with the help of physiotherapy, magnetotherapy, washing the vagina with special solutions, herbs.

Very often, a woman is prescribed a drug such as Duphaston. With the correct dosage, treatment with only one drug will help get rid of the corpus luteum cyst. The woman is also recommended to have sexual rest for the entire period of treatment to avoid twisting of the cyst stem.

In most cases, this cyst resolves on its own, but it requires strict monitoring of its condition by a gynecologist for several cycles.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

This is a type of disease in which the ovaries are significantly enlarged in size. That is, a healthy woman normally matures one egg per month. Due to the increase in 1 follicle, the ovary swells. In the case of polycystic disease, several follicles are immediately enlarged in size, but full ovulation does not occur, that is, a large number of cysts of different sizes are present on the ovary at once.

Diet therapy: the patient is prescribed a diet to control or reduce weight, and physical activity;

Prescribed drugs such as Metformin.

Hormonal therapy: Diane-35, Marvelon, as well as drugs that suppress the production of male hormones, such as Veroshpiron. This treatment method is used if a woman is not planning a pregnancy.

When planning a pregnancy, drugs that stimulate ovulation are prescribed, but only under the strict supervision of a doctor, in order to avoid ovarian rupture. Such a drug could be Clomiphene, which must be taken from days 5 to 9 of the cycle for 3-4 months.

As has already become clear from the contents of this article, ovarian cysts can be treated with medication. Reviews about this treatment method are positive from both doctors and patients. Patients say that this treatment method is absolutely painless and safe, despite the rather high cost of the drugs.

Doctors note that drug treatment of ovarian cysts is the most common method of treatment today. It has a lot of advantages, in addition to being absolutely painless: the menstrual cycle is restored and, as a result, problems with skin, hair, and therefore the general mood of the patient as a whole are solved.

The only disadvantage of this treatment is its duration, which can range from 3 to 9 months.

You should not self-medicate and at the slightest suspicion or detection of symptoms, you should seek help from a gynecologist.

Follicular ovarian cyst (cysta ovarii follicularis) is a type of functional formation in ovarian tissue. A cyst is formed from folliculus ovaricus - a follicle that did not have time to rupture or burst.

A follicular cyst is considered a benign neoplasm, measuring from 2.5 to 8-10 centimeters, consisting of a single-chamber cavity, inside of which there is estrogen-rich fluid. Most often, this type of cyst develops in young women of reproductive age, but it is also diagnosed during puberty and menopause. The frequency of diagnosed follicular cysts among all other cystic ovarian neoplasms is 80%.

Follicular cysts are capable of resolving on their own under certain conditions and cannot become malignant, that is, transform into malignant formations.

ICD-10 code

N83.0 Follicular ovarian cyst

Causes of follicular ovarian cyst

The first description of the pathological condition of the ovaries dates back to 1827, when a cyst was defined as an incurable “water disease” in women over 40 years of age who did not have children. Since then, a more careful study of the pathogenetic properties of cystic formations began, but doctors have not developed a single version.

At the beginning of the last century, the causes of follicular cysts and other functional cystic neoplasms were divided into two categories:

Disruption of the functioning of the hormonal system.
Inflammatory process of an infectious nature in the appendages.

In 1972, the term apoptosis (self-programming of cell death) appeared in scientific use and many scientists rushed to study the relationship between apoptosis, steroidogenesis and the functioning of the ovaries. This is how another version of the etiology of follicular cysts appeared, based on a hormonal-genetic factor.

Currently, doctors are trying to take into account all three theories in developing therapeutic and preventive strategies, summarizing the most studied causes of follicular cysts:

Hormonal imbalance associated with natural age periods - puberty, menopause.
Pathological disorders of neuroendocrine regulation that provoke hyperestrogenism.
Inflammatory diseases of the appendages.
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes, accompanied by oophoritis (inflammation of the ovaries) - salpingoophoritis.
Ovarian dysfunction associated with abortion.
STDs are sexually transmitted diseases.
Long-term treatment of infertility, hyperstimulation of ovulation.
Psycho-emotional stress.

How is a follicular cyst formed?

A normal monthly cycle, not burdened by treatment with hormonal drugs or other provoking factors, involves the production of follicles. The most active of them is the basis for the maturation of the egg, which is released as a result of rupture of the follicle. The oocyte (egg) enters the uterus through the fallopian tubes, and in place of the burst follicle, a temporary endocrine gland is formed - the corpus luteum (luteal). The luteal formation produces progesterone until the onset of menstruation or until the formation of the placenta upon conception. If the dominant follicle does not burst, the oocyte remains inside, the follicular fluid does not flow out, and a cyst is formed.

Follicular ovarian cyst and pregnancy

A follicular cyst in a pregnant woman is an obvious gynecological phenomenon or a diagnostic error. Indeed, cystic formations are not uncommon during pregnancy, but, as a rule, do not pose a serious threat. This is due to the fact that a pregnant woman, or rather her body, requires much more progesterone than before, since it is involved in the formation of the placental “baby place”, and also supports the pregnancy itself. Due to the intense production of progesterone, the corpus luteum functions not for 10-14 days, but for about 3 months, that is, the entire first trimester. It is the luteal body that can transform into a cyst, which subsequently resolves on its own.

Thus, based on the logic and physiological sequence of the formation of the corpus luteum at the site of the burst follicle, a follicular ovarian cyst and pregnancy, in principle, cannot “neighborhood”. In addition, a pregnant woman experiences increased production of prolactin, which stops the development of new follicles in order to prevent them from forming a new pregnancy against the background of an already accomplished conception.

A cyst during pregnancy, defined as follicular, is rather a diagnostic error that needs to be corrected and the presence of potentially dangerous true tumors excluded.

Symptoms of follicular ovarian cyst

The symptoms of a follicular cyst depend on its activity in a hormonal sense, as well as on possible concomitant pathologies of the pelvic organs - endometriosis, salpingitis, fibroids, adnexitis and others.

A hormonally active follicular cyst that intensively produces estrogen can manifest itself in the form of heavy bleeding during menstruation, early puberty in girls, and pain in the lower abdomen.

Inactive cysts develop asymptomatically and can resolve on their own without a trace, so that the woman is not aware of their presence.

In addition, the clinical picture of follicular formations depends on the size of the cysts. Small follicular cysts do not manifest themselves clinically and are diagnosed randomly during clinical examination. Larger cysts, which have pronounced symptoms, are more common.

Symptoms of follicular ovarian cyst are as follows:

Periodic feeling of fullness in the lower abdomen.
Heaviness in the groin area, at the location of the cyst (right or left).
Pain in the side, lower abdomen during prolonged walking, running, intense physical activity, often during sexual intercourse.
Painful sensations in the second half of the monthly cycle (15-16 days).
Decrease in body temperature in the second half of the monthly cycle (up to 36.0).
Uterine bleeding between menstruation.

A follicular cyst is not as safe as it might seem at first glance; it is fraught with various complications, such as torsion of the pedicle or rupture of the cyst.

Symptoms of a follicular cyst with torsion of the pedicle:

Severe, acute pain in the lower abdomen, right or left, at the location of the cyst.
Weakness, dizziness.
Nausea, even vomiting.
Profuse cold sweat, drop in blood pressure.
Tachycardia.
Cyanosis, blueness of the skin.

Cyst rupture, signs:

Body temperature unchanged.
Nausea and vomiting.
Fainting state.
Dagger-like pain in the area where the cyst is located.

Rupture of the cyst capsule may be accompanied by internal bleeding:

Acute pain that subsides and causes a state of shock.
Tachycardia.
Drop in blood pressure and pulse.
Weakness, drowsiness.
Pale skin, blueness (cyanosis).
Fainting.

Acute conditions require emergency medical care, as torsion of the leg and rupture of the capsule can lead to peritonitis.

Follicular cyst of the right ovary

The issue of functional lateral asymmetry of the ovaries remains a subject of debate; there is no reliable data that would confirm that the right ovary is more susceptible to pathological or benign neoplasms.

According to statistics, a follicular cyst of the right ovary develops as often as a cyst of the left ovary. There are anecdotal reports suggesting that the right ovary is, in principle, more active and more likely to form dominant follicles. This may be due to its more intense blood supply due to the direct connection of the artery and the main aorta. The left ovary receives nutrition from the renal artery in a bypass way. There is also an opinion that the anatomically right ovary is slightly larger in size than the left, but such information is not clinically or statistically confirmed.

Indeed, right-sided apoplexy occurs two to three times more often and this is due to a natural cause - intensive blood supply and proximity to the aorta, but otherwise the follicular cyst is formed with the same frequency and according to the same pathogenetic principles as formations in the left ovary.

It should be noted that the peculiarity of the follicular cyst of the right ovary is that it has symptoms similar to the clinic of inflammation of the appendix. Pain on the right side and the typical picture of an “acute abdomen” can confuse the diagnosis, but, as a rule, differentiation of nosologies occurs quickly.

A cyst is not a violation of general ovulatory function unless its capsule ruptures or the pedicle is torsed. The information that people often get pregnant with the right ovary, that the percentage of formation of cystic tumors in it is higher, is nothing more than a myth.

Follicular cyst of the left ovary

A follicular cyst of the left ovary is not much different from a right-sided cyst. It is formed as a result of unresolved potential ovulation and the growth of an active, unbursted follicle. Symptomatically, the left-sided formation manifests itself at the site of the cyst in the form of transient pain in the lower abdomen and intermenstrual bleeding. A more serious complication may be a rupture of the capsule or torsion of the leg, when the pain becomes sharp, stabbing, and a typical clinical picture of an “acute abdomen” develops, which requires immediate emergency medical care and surgical intervention.

A follicular cyst of the left ovary, not exceeding 5 centimeters, can develop asymptomatically and also disappear imperceptibly. Such cysts are diagnosed during preventive examinations or during examination for another pathology not related to cystic formations. Often cysts do not require specific therapy; treatment is limited to systematic observation and control of the size of the cyst for 2-3 months.

Ruptured ovarian follicular cyst

Cyst rupture is accompanied by two types of serious complications:

Effusion of cyst contents into the abdominal cavity.
Hemorrhage directly into the ovary and its rupture is apoplexy.

The rupture of a follicular cyst occurs spontaneously, most often in the middle of the monthly cycle during the period of ovulation. The cystic follicle enlarges in parallel with another, normal active follicle, which performs the function of forming an oocyte.

The cause of rupture can be inflammatory processes in the abdominal cavity, in the ovary itself, hormonal disorders, and changes in the level of blood clotting. In addition, excessive physical activity, sports, and sexual intercourse can be a provoking factor leading to rupture.

Signs of a ruptured follicular cyst:

Sharp, stabbing pain on the side, lower abdomen, in the area where the cyst is located.
Tense stomach.
Cold sweat.
The pain quickly becomes diffuse and diffuse.
Nausea, vomiting.
Drop in blood pressure and pulse.
Possible fainting.

To diagnose complications of follicular cysts, doctors use standard, proven methods:

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.
A puncture to determine possible bleeding and draw blood for analysis.
Laparoscopy.
Rupture of a follicular cyst is treated urgently and only surgically.

The first thing that is done in a hospital setting is to stop the bleeding, then the cyst is removed within healthy tissue. As a rule, the ovary itself is not operated on; resection or removal is possible only in extreme cases.

Dangers associated with cyst rupture:

Anemia due to blood loss.
Rarely – adhesions and infertility. The modern method of laparoscopy practically eliminates adhesions.
Purulent peritonitis.

It should be noted that timely medical care and surgery are literally vital, since with the hemorrhagic form of ovarian apoplexy, death is possible (blood loss of more than 50%).

Diagnosis of follicular ovarian cyst

The detection of small follicular cysts often becomes an accidental finding during routine or spontaneous gynecological examinations. Small, less than 5 centimeters, cysts develop asymptomatically, which makes timely diagnosis difficult and sometimes impossible. More often, women with follicular neoplasms undergo urgent examination for already formed complications - torsion of the cyst stalk, rupture of the capsule.

Standard measures that involve the diagnosis of a follicular cyst are as follows:

Anamnesis collection.
Gynecological examination, palpation (two-handed).
Ultrasonography.
Dopplerography.
Diagnostic emergency laparoscopy.
CBC - complete blood count.
Analysis of urine.
Blood test for hormones (progesterone, estrogen, FSH, LH).
Blood test for tumor markers.

Follicular ovarian cyst on ultrasound

One of the most revealing and informative methods for determining the size, condition of the cyst and the surrounding pelvic organs is ultrasound. Corpus luteum cyst, paraovarian cyst, follicular ovarian cyst - ultrasound can detect almost all cystic formations.

Ultrasound echography is prescribed after the 5-7th year of the monthly cycle, as a rule, to assess ovarian function and its follicular properties. Ultrasound is performed several times to see the picture in dynamics - at least three times a month.

Normally, the ovaries in size, structure, and maturing follicles should have the following parameters (on average):

Width - up to 25 mm.
Thickness – 12-15 mm.
Length – 28-30 mm.
Follicles – from 1-30 mm.

A follicular cyst on ultrasound looks like a single-chamber formation of more than 25-30 millimeters; it is defined as functional. The size of an unbursted cystic follicle can reach gigantic sizes - up to ten centimeters in diameter, they have different colors and structures, the walls are smooth and quite thin. The larger the size of the cyst, the thinner the capsule wall becomes. Ultrasound shows behind the cystic formation a clear, characteristic effect of cysts, the effect of enhancing the dorsal reflection of ultrasound.

It should be noted that the ultrasound diagnostic method is not the only one, since it determines the size and structure, but does not provide information about etiological factors. Therefore, ultrasound should be repeated to monitor the dynamics of cyst development.

Follicular ovarian cyst, two-chamber

As a rule, a follicular cyst in 95% of cases is diagnosed as a single-chamber cavity; two-chamber formations from follicles are very rare, the actual causes of which are not fully understood.

Retention or functional cysts, a type of neoplasm considered the most “harmless” and benign. Such a cyst has one chamber (cavity) filled with secretory fluid. The walls of the cyst capsule are extremely thin, although they consist of stratified epithelium, this is due to the natural purpose of the follicle and its potential task - rupture and release of the egg.

If an unruptured follicle grows to an abnormal size, the wall of the capsule quickly becomes thinner and is held together only by the connective outer tissue. It is assumed that the possible proximity to cysts of another type, rapid growth, fusion of the adjacent walls of the capsule of two cysts can form such a rare phenomenon as a two-chamber follicular cyst.

In addition, a factor provoking the abnormal structure of a retention cyst may be an inflammatory process in the appendages, uterus, or hyperstimulation as a method of treating infertility. Syndromic hyperstimulation phenomena are most often observed in women suffering from persistent infertility who are striving to conceive. Such patients, as a rule, are asthenic in body type and already have a history of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Also, the result of the examination and diagnosis - a two-chamber follicular cyst may be an error of the ultrasound specialist; most likely there is a different, more accurate and correct answer - a combination of a retention, functional and true cyst, which on ultrasound may look like a single, two-chamber formation.

Follicular ovarian cyst 3 cm

A retention cyst of a small size, and this type includes a small follicular ovarian cyst (3 cm), has the properties of self-resolution. If a woman is diagnosed with a follicular formation up to 5-6 centimeters, as a rule, the doctor chooses a wait-and-see approach, that is, the cyst is not treated, it is monitored through examination and regular ultrasound. Over the course of 2-3 monthly cycles, a small follicular cyst (3 cm) can resolve on its own without the use of hormonal agents or other types of therapy.

The absence of clinical symptoms and complaints from the patient makes it possible to simply monitor the condition of the cyst as the only correct method of treatment.

If the cyst persists, that is, it persists for more than 3 months and is not prone to self-resolution, it begins to be treated, and recurrent follicular cysts, both small and large, are also treated.

A woman diagnosed with a small functional cyst (3 cm) only needs to follow these rules:

Limit physical activity, do not lift heavy objects (more than 4-5 kilograms).
You should not overheat your back, pelvic area, or take hot baths.
Sexual activity (frequency or intensity) should be reduced.

Otherwise, as gynecological practice shows, a small follicular cyst resolves on its own without the use of any treatment. The only way to protect yourself from possible complications that even a small three-centimeter cyst can cause is a regular gynecological examination and compliance with medical recommendations.

Treatment of follicular ovarian cyst

The choice of treatment tactics for functional cysts depends on the parameters of the neoplasm, growth dynamics (increase, persistence, relapse) and the age of the patient.

As a rule, treatment of follicular ovarian cysts is not difficult. Such cysts are diagnosed mainly in young women of childbearing age, which determines both the treatment strategy and its possible prognosis.

The most common wait-and-see approach is for 3-month cycles, provided that the cyst is small in size - up to 5 centimeters, develops asymptomatically and does not cause functional impairment.

Also, as a treatment for retention cysts, the doctor can prescribe hormonal drugs, most often oral contraceptives, which for 2-3 months (less often - six months) inhibit the activity of the ovaries, and, accordingly, the formation of new follicular cysts. In addition, oral medications can reduce the growth rate of cystic formation and reduce its size, up to complete resorption. Thus, the menstrual cycle is normalized as a whole and minimizes the risk of ovarian malignancy, which is possible due to concomitant pathologies (inflammation) and neoplasms. This treatment option is often used if a woman is under the age of 40-45 years.

Patients in menopause, provided that the follicular cyst does not exceed 5 centimeters and the analysis for CA125 (tumor markers) is normal, are also subject to observation, that is, the cyst is not subject to either drug or surgical treatment. The only thing required is dynamic monitoring using ultrasound. It is possible to prescribe stimulating therapy with the help of oral contraceptives to accelerate the reverse development of the process, physiotherapeutic procedures - electrophoresis, ultraphonophoresis, vitamin therapy.

Surgical treatment of follicular ovarian cysts is carried out only for specific indications, such as:

Persistent form of the cyst.
Rapid growth of the cyst, progression of the process.
The diameter of the cyst is more than 7-8 centimeters.
Cysts are large (giant) in size - 15 centimeters, which are removed in order to prevent torsion of the pedicle or rupture of the capsule.
Emergency cases, complications – rupture of the cyst capsule, ovarian apoplexy, clinical picture of “acute abdomen”.

The surgical method used is a modern method, called the “gold standard” in surgery - laparoscopy, when the cyst is enucleated, its walls are sutured, and ovarian resection is possible. Ovariectomy (complete removal of the ovary) in women of childbearing age is indicated only in extreme cases when the patient’s life is at risk; it is also indicated in women over 45 years of age to reduce the potential risk of ovarian cancer.

How to treat follicular ovarian cyst?

The question of how to treat a follicular ovarian cyst should be answered by the treating gynecologist, since each organism is individual, and accordingly the condition of the cyst and its characteristics may have specific properties.

However, standard treatments for follicular cysts may include the following:

Dynamic monitoring of the development of the cyst, its growth or persistence. Ultrasound and gynecological examination are indicated, that is, wait-and-see tactics for 3 months, or until the cyst resolves itself.
Normalization of hormonal balance with the help of oral contraceptives and other drugs adequate to the patient’s condition and age.
Prescribing homeopathic and vitamin preparations that strengthen the immune system and the general health of the woman.
Normalization of body weight in case of excess weight.
Treatment of concomitant inflammatory diseases and disorders, this is especially important in relation to the endocrine system and digestive tract organs.
Prescription of physiotherapeutic procedures, possibly herbal medicines. These methods do not affect the size and structure of the cyst, but have a general strengthening effect and create the opportunity for self-resorption of the cystic formation.

Surgical treatment is indicated in cases where the cyst significantly increases in diameter, disrupts the functioning of nearby organs, in addition, there is a risk of rupture of the cyst capsule, torsion of the pedicle, tissue necrosis, and apoplexy of the ovary itself. Cysts exceeding 5-6 centimeters in diameter, as well as inflamed formations that are prone to suppuration, are operated on. The operation is performed using a gentle method - laparoscopy; in exceptional, complicated situations, laparotomy is indicated.

How to treat a follicular ovarian cyst should be decided by the doctor after carrying out a set of diagnostic measures. If a woman is diagnosed with a cyst, even a small one, the recommendations of the treating gynecologist should be the reason for their strict implementation. Self-medication and treatment with so-called traditional methods are unacceptable, as they can lead to serious complications and persistent infertility.

Duphaston for follicular ovarian cyst

Most often, the reasons for the formation of a follicular functional cyst are changes in the functioning of the hormonal system and inflammatory processes in the appendages and uterus, both individually and in combination with each other. A primary follicular cyst, which formed as an isolated case as a result of hormonal imbalance, can resolve on its own. However, hyperestrogenism against the background of insufficient progesterone production creates conditions for intensive cyst growth or its recurrence. In addition, with such an imbalance, there is a risk of torsion of the cyst stalk, rupture of its capsule, disruption of the normal menstrual cycle, hyperplasia, proliferation of the uterine mucosa, and endometriosis. A long-term predominance of estrogen, exceeding 2-3 months, is the reason for the prescription of specific drugs that level the hormonal balance - gestagens.

Duphaston is a drug that is an effective analogue of progesterone, that is, by taking it, a woman activates the production of the missing hormone and helps the functioning of the corpus luteum (luteal). Duphaston for follicular ovarian cyst is considered one of the most effective remedies, which, without suppressing the ovulation process, is capable of transferring the first phase of the cycle into the secretory, second. This action leads to normalization of the synthesis of LH (luteinizing hormones), collapse of the cyst shell, and a decrease in its size. It is these properties of duphaston that contribute to the resorption of the follicular cyst (other functional formations).

The drug Duphaston is an oral drug that has a beneficial effect on the condition of the uterine walls without causing side effects characteristic of synthetic analogues of progestins.

The main indication for prescribing duphaston is a violation, change in hormonal balance, as well as any dysfunction in the menstrual cycle. Even pregnant women can take the drug, however, like any similar drug, duphaston for follicular ovarian cyst requires medical supervision. Dydrogesterone, the main active ingredient of the drug, was developed relatively recently, so Duphaston belongs to a new generation of drugs; it is not a direct derivative of the main androgen - testosterone and does not have the same side effects and complications as previous androgenic drugs.

The method of using Duphaston, dosage and regimen of administration is the prerogative of the doctor; contraindications to the use of this drug are the following conditions and pathologies:

Suspicion of oncological process of various localization, malignant neoplasms.
Rarely - individual intolerance to the main active ingredient - dydrogesterone.
Pathological condition of the liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis.
Poor blood clotting, hemophilia.

It should be noted that Duphaston cannot be considered a panacea in the treatment of follicular and other types of cysts. If after 2-3 months of treatment with the drug the cyst continues to grow and there is no positive dynamics, another treatment option is possible, including surgery.