Scheme of the direction of movement of the lymph of the human lymphatic system. The structure and functions of the human lymphatic system - diseases, composition and cleansing of the lymph with folk remedies

The lymphatic system is a part of the cardiovascular system that complements it. It performs the most important functions in the human body, and its health is extremely important for its normal functioning. Lymph differs from blood in that it does not flow in a closed circle. Its movement is very slow, so it needs to be stimulated.

Interesting fact! In ancient times, the lymphatic system was considered as the main factor that determines human temperament. Temperament, in turn, determined the groups of diseases to which a person is susceptible.

What is the lymphatic system?

According to anatomy permeates the entire body. It consists of:

• capillaries;
• vessels;
• nodes;
• lymphatic ducts and trunks;
• lymphatic organs.

Liquid connective tissue flows through them - lymph, the main composition of which is water, salts, proteins, fats. Its composition is close to the blood plasma that nourishes the body. Lymph is colorless. In the human body it contains from 1 to 2 liters.

How does lymph formation occur?

Lymph formation occurs in the following way. In the blood capillaries, blood plasma is filtered. The fluid remaining as a result of this filtration is transported into the intercellular space. Thus, tissue fluid is formed, part of which returns to the blood, and the other part passes into the lymphatic capillaries. Its movement largely depends on muscle contraction, the position of the human body and his breathing.

That's how complex it is - human anatomy. The lymphatic system and its structures are thought out by nature to the smallest detail. Consider this component of the human body in more detail.

The structure of the lymphatic system

Lymphatic capillaries are small tubes of different diameters, devoid of a membrane, which begin blindly. They form connections by intertwining with each other, passing into postcapillaries, which are larger formations containing valves. These valves push the lymph in one direction, preventing it from moving back.

Attention! The word "lymph circulation" is incorrect, because lymph is a product of the endothelium and interendothelial layers, each time being updated in the body. Doctors call this process lymph drainage.

According to the section of biology called "human anatomy", the lymphatic system also consists of vessels that form from postcapillaries. The largest of them follow the path of veins and arteries and are called collectors. They collect lymph from the largest sources - upper and lower extremities, organs. They are divided into internal (located near blood vessels) and external (located in the subcutaneous tissue). Also, the vessels are divided into afferent and efferent (depending on the flow of lymph in relation to the lymph nodes).

From the collectors, lymphatic trunks are formed, which are converted into ducts.

The lymph nodes

The human lymphatic system (anatomy has not paid due attention to this component of our body for a long time) also has its own “cleaners”. Lymph nodes are small, round or oval-shaped formations about 2 cm in diameter. They are pinkish-gray in color. They are located along the lymphatic vessels. In young people, oval-shaped lymph nodes predominate, while in older people they are elongated. Their main function is to cleanse the lymph from toxic substances that enter there. Lymph nodes play the role of a kind of filter that captures toxins and “releases” already cleansed lymph.

The lymphatic organs are the spleen, tonsils, and thymus (which develops before adolescence). Their main functions are to prevent the entry and development of infection in the body.

What are the functions of the lymphatic system in the body?

One of the most complex and confusing sciences is human anatomy. The lymphatic system, whose functions are very important for the body, does a great job.

First of all, it is responsible for the immune response of the body, protecting it from bacteria and viruses. That is why, in response to the penetration of the pathogen into the body (infection, virus), the lymph nodes increase. It is their increase in children that indicates the presence of, say, tuberculosis, although, in addition to this, lymph nodes increase in many other diseases. The protective function consists of two stages:

• destruction of bacteria by macrophages;
• production of lymphocytes.

Blood filtration. The spleen destroys red blood cells and kills all bacteria and viruses it finds in the blood. Young red blood cells are produced by the bone marrow.

Lymph filtration. If there are pathogenic microorganisms in the blood, then the lymph nodes filter them out. It is for this reason that when oncology is suspected, doctors first of all check the lymph nodes for the presence of metastases. The human lymphatic system (anatomy is briefly discussed) in this case indicates how much the disease has spread throughout the body.

The outflow of fluid from the tissue into the blood. Plasma, which is part of the blood, seeps through the walls of blood vessels into other tissues. It passes through to be cleansed and returned to the blood again. This circulation is continuous.

Diseases of the lymphatic system

According to human anatomy, the lymphatic system is extremely important for the health of the body, and violations of its work can cause serious complications.

Among the groups of diseases of the lymphatic system are:

• malformations;
• trauma;
• inflammation;
• tumors.

One of the first symptoms of these diseases is an increase in lymph nodes and a noticeable decrease in immunity. Sweating and fatigue increase, patients are disturbed by a headache, the temperature can rise. Lymph diseases are especially dangerous because toxins begin to accumulate in the body. That is, a violation of its activity affects all organs and systems of the body.

Methods of treatment of pathologies of the lymphatic system directly depend on the type of disease. Treatment can be different - from conservative to radiation or surgical methods.

We hope that people who are interested in human anatomy, the lymphatic system (photos showing how complex this component of our body is presented in the article) and its functions have learned a lot of new and interesting things about this environment of the body. How to keep her healthy?

Lymphatic health

First of all, doctors recommend that you monitor your health and prevent disturbances in the digestive tract, as this entails pollution of the entire body and interferes with the functioning of the lymphatic system. She can no longer cope with the flow of toxins. Watch your diet.

Massage twice a year. Such a procedure effectively accelerates the lymph, but it is especially effective which acts directly on the lymph. If it is not possible to visit a massage therapist, in the shower, rub the body with a washcloth over the lymph flow.

Control your weight. Lymph is very sensitive to extra pounds. Lead an active lifestyle and be healthy!

The fluid that enters the tissue is lymph. The lymphatic system is an integral part of the vascular system, providing the formation of lymph and lymph circulation.

Lymphatic system - a network of capillaries, vessels and nodes through which lymph moves in the body. Lymphatic capillaries are closed at one end, i.e. blindly end in tissues. Lymphatic vessels of medium and large diameter, like veins, have valves. Lymph nodes are located along their course - "filters" that trap viruses, microorganisms and the largest particles in the lymph.

The lymphatic system begins in the tissues of organs in the form of an extensive network of closed lymphatic capillaries that do not have valves, and their walls are highly permeable and have the ability to absorb colloidal solutions and suspensions. Lymphatic capillaries pass into lymphatic vessels equipped with valves. Thanks to these valves, which prevent the reverse flow of lymph, it flows only towards the veins. Lymphatic vessels flow into the lymphatic thoracic duct, through which lymph flows from 3/4 of the body. The thoracic duct drains into the cranial vena cava or jugular vein. Lymph through the lymphatic vessels enters the right lymphatic trunk, which flows into the cranial vena cava.

Rice. Diagram of the lymphatic system

Functions of the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system performs several functions:

• The protective function is provided by the lymphoid tissue of the lymph nodes, which produces phagocytic cells, lymphocytes and antibodies. Before entering the lymph node, the lymphatic vessel divides into small branches that pass into the sinuses of the node. Small branches also depart from the node, which are combined again into one vessel;
• the filtration function is also associated with the lymph nodes, in which various foreign substances and bacteria are mechanically retained;
• the transport function of the lymphatic system is that through this system the main amount of fat that is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract enters the bloodstream;
• the lymphatic system also performs a homeostatic function, maintaining the constancy of the composition and volume of the interstitial fluid;
• The lymphatic system performs a drainage function and removes excess tissue (interstitial) fluid located in the organs.

The formation and circulation of lymph ensure the removal of excess extracellular fluid, which is created due to the fact that filtration exceeds the reabsorption of fluid into the blood capillaries. Such drainage function The lymphatic system becomes apparent if the outflow of lymph from some area of ​​the body is reduced or stopped (for example, when squeezing the limbs with clothing, blockage of the lymphatic vessels during their injury, crossing during a surgical operation). In these cases, local tissue edema develops distal to the compression site. This type of edema is called lymphatic.

Return to the bloodstream of albumin, filtered into the intercellular fluid from the blood, especially in organs with highly permeable (liver, gastrointestinal tract). More than 100 g of protein returns to the bloodstream per day with lymph. Without this return, the loss of protein in the blood would be irreplaceable.

Lymph is part of the system that provides humoral connections between organs and tissues. With its participation, the transport of signaling molecules, biologically active substances, and some enzymes (histaminase, lipase) is carried out.

In the lymphatic system, the processes of differentiation of lymphocytes transported by the lymph along with immune complexes that perform body's immune defense functions.

Protective function The lymphatic system also manifests itself in the fact that foreign particles, bacteria, remnants of destroyed cells, various toxins, and also tumor cells are filtered out, captured and in some cases neutralized in the lymph nodes. With the help of lymph, red blood cells that have left the blood vessels are removed from the tissues (in case of injuries, damage to blood vessels, bleeding). Often, the accumulation of toxins and infectious agents in the lymph node is accompanied by its inflammation.

Lymph is involved in the transport of chylomicrons, lipoproteins and fat-soluble substances absorbed in the intestine into the venous blood.

Lymph and lymph circulation

Lymph is a blood filtrate formed from tissue fluid. It has an alkaline reaction, it is absent, but contains fibrinogen and, therefore, it is able to coagulate. The chemical composition of lymph is similar to that of blood plasma, tissue fluid and other body fluids.

Lymph flowing from different organs and tissues has a different composition depending on the characteristics of their metabolism and activity. The lymph flowing from the liver contains more proteins, the lymph contains more. Moving along the lymphatic vessels, the lymph passes through the lymph nodes and is enriched with lymphocytes.

Lymph - a clear, colorless liquid contained in the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, in which there are no erythrocytes, there are platelets and many lymphocytes. Its functions are aimed at maintaining homeostasis (the return of protein from tissues to the blood, the redistribution of fluid in the body, the formation of milk, participation in digestion, metabolic processes), as well as participation in immunological reactions. The lymph contains protein (about 20 g/l). Lymph production is relatively low (most of all in the liver), about 2 liters are formed per day by reabsorption from the interstitial fluid into the blood of the blood capillaries after filtration.

Lymph formation due to the transition of water and dissolved substances from the blood capillaries to the tissues, and from the tissues to the lymphatic capillaries. At rest, the processes of filtration and absorption in the capillaries are balanced and the lymph is completely absorbed back into the blood. In the case of increased physical activity in the process of metabolism, a number of products are formed that increase the permeability of capillaries for protein, its filtration increases. Filtration in the arterial part of the capillary occurs when the hydrostatic pressure rises above the oncotic pressure by 20 mm Hg. Art. During muscular activity, the volume of lymph increases and its pressure causes the penetration of interstitial fluid into the lumen of the lymphatic vessels. Lymph formation is facilitated by an increase in the osmotic pressure of tissue fluid and lymph in the lymphatic vessels.

The movement of lymph through the lymphatic vessels occurs due to the suction force of the chest, contraction, contraction of the smooth muscles of the wall of the lymphatic vessels and due to the lymphatic valves.

Lymphatic vessels have sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. Excitation of the sympathetic nerves leads to a contraction of the lymphatic vessels, and when the parasympathetic fibers are activated, the vessels contract and relax, which increases the lymph flow.

Adrenaline, histamine, serotonin increase the flow of lymph. A decrease in the oncotic pressure of plasma proteins and an increase in capillary pressure increase the volume of outflowing lymph.

Formation and amount of lymph

Lymph is a fluid that flows through the lymphatic vessels and is part of the internal environment of the body. The sources of its formation are filtered from the microvasculature into the tissues and the contents of the interstitial space. In the section on microcirculation, it was discussed that the volume of blood plasma filtered into tissues exceeds the volume of fluid reabsorbed from them into the blood. Thus, about 2-3 liters of blood filtrate and fluid of the intercellular medium that are not reabsorbed into the blood vessels per day enter the lymphatic capillaries, the system of lymphatic vessels through the interendothelial clefts, and return to the blood again (Fig. 1).

Lymphatic vessels are present in all organs and tissues of the body with the exception of the superficial layers of the skin and bone tissue. The largest number of them is found in the liver and small intestine, where about 50% of the total daily volume of the body's lymph is formed.

The main constituent of lymph is water. The mineral composition of the lymph is identical to the composition of the intercellular environment of the tissue in which the lymph was formed. Lymph contains organic substances, mainly proteins, glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids. The composition of the lymph flowing from different organs is not the same. In organs with a relatively high permeability of blood capillaries, such as the liver, lymph contains up to 60 g/l of protein. The lymph contains proteins involved in the formation of blood clots (prothrombin, fibrinogen), so it can clot. The lymph flowing from the intestines contains not only a lot of protein (30-40 g/l), but also a large amount of chylomicrons and lipoproteins formed from aponrotheins and fats absorbed from the intestines. These particles are in suspension in the lymph, transported by it into the blood and give the lymph a similarity to milk. In the composition of the lymph of other tissues, the protein content is 3-4 times less than in the blood plasma. The main protein component of tissue lymph is the low molecular weight fraction of albumin, which is filtered through the wall of capillaries into extravascular spaces. The entry of proteins and other large molecular particles into the lymph of the lymphatic capillaries is carried out due to their pinocytosis.

Rice. 1. Schematic structure of a lymphatic capillary. The arrows show the direction of lymphatic flow.

Lymph contains lymphocytes and other forms of white blood cells. Their number in different lymphatic vessels varies and is in the range of 2-25 * 10 9 / l, and in the thoracic duct is 8 * 10 9 / l. Other types of leukocytes (granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages) are contained in the lymph in a small amount, but their number increases with inflammatory and other pathological processes. Red blood cells and platelets can appear in the lymph when blood vessels are damaged and tissue injuries.

Absorption and movement of lymph

Lymph is absorbed into the lymphatic capillaries, which have a number of unique properties. Unlike blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries are closed, blindly ending vessels (Fig. 1). Their wall consists of a single layer of endothelial cells, the membrane of which is fixed with the help of collagen filaments to extravascular tissue structures. Between endothelial cells there are intercellular slit-like spaces, the dimensions of which can vary widely: from a closed state to a size through which blood cells, fragments of destroyed cells and particles comparable in size to blood cells can penetrate into the capillary.

The lymphatic capillaries themselves can also change their size and reach a diameter of up to 75 microns. These morphological features of the structure of the walls of the lymphatic capillaries give them the ability to change the permeability over a wide range. Thus, during contraction of skeletal muscles or smooth muscles of internal organs, due to the tension of collagen filaments, interendothelial gaps can open, through which the intercellular fluid, the mineral and organic substances contained in it, including proteins and tissue leukocytes, freely move into the lymphatic capillary. The latter can easily migrate into the lymphatic capillaries also due to their ability to amoeboid movement. In addition, lymphocytes, which are formed in the lymph nodes, enter the lymph. The flow of lymph into the lymphatic capillaries is carried out not only passively, but also under the influence of negative pressure forces that arise in the capillaries due to the pulsating contraction of the more proximal parts of the lymphatic vessels and the presence of valves in them.

The wall of the lymphatic vessels is built of endothelial cells, which, on the outside of the vessel, are covered in the form of a cuff by smooth muscle cells located radially around the vessel. Inside the lymphatic vessels there are valves, the structure and principle of functioning of which are similar to the valves of the venous vessels. When smooth myocytes are relaxed and the lymphatic vessel is dilated, the valve leaflets open. With the contraction of smooth myocytes, which causes narrowing of the vessel, the pressure of the lymph in this area of ​​the vessel increases, the valve flaps close, the lymph cannot move in the opposite (distal) direction and is pushed through the vessel proximally.

Lymph from the lymphatic capillaries moves into postcapillary and then into large intraorgan lymphatic vessels that flow into the lymph nodes. From the lymph nodes, through small extraorganic lymphatic vessels, lymph flows into larger extraorganic vessels that form the largest lymphatic trunks: the right and left thoracic ducts, through which lymph is delivered to the circulatory system. From the left thoracic duct, lymph enters the left subclavian vein near its junction with the jugular veins. Most of the lymph moves into the blood through this duct. The right lymphatic duct delivers lymph to the right subclavian vein from the right side of the chest, neck, and right arm.

Lymph flow can be characterized by volumetric and linear velocities. The volumetric flow rate of lymph from the thoracic ducts to the veins is 1-2 ml / min, i.e. only 2-3 l / day. The linear speed of lymph movement is very low - less than 1 mm/min.

The driving force of the lymph flow is formed by a number of factors.

• The difference between the hydrostatic pressure of the lymph (2-5 mm Hg) in the lymphatic capillaries and its pressure (about 0 mm Hg) at the mouth of the common lymphatic duct.
• Contraction of smooth muscle cells in the walls of lymphatic vessels that move lymph towards the thoracic duct. This mechanism is sometimes called the lymphatic pump.
• Periodic increase in external pressure on the lymphatic vessels, created by contraction of the skeletal or smooth muscles of the internal organs. For example, the contraction of the respiratory muscles creates rhythmic pressure changes in the chest and abdominal cavities. The decrease in pressure in the chest cavity during inhalation creates a suction force that promotes the movement of lymph into the thoracic duct.

The amount of lymph formed per day in a state of physiological rest is about 2-5% of body weight. The rate of its formation, movement and composition depend on the functional state of the organ and a number of other factors. Thus, the volumetric flow of lymph from the muscles during muscular work increases by 10-15 times. After 5-6 hours after eating, the volume of lymph flowing from the intestine increases, its composition changes. This occurs mainly due to the entry of chylomicrons and lipoproteins into the lymph.

Clamping the veins of the legs or standing for a long time leads to difficulty in returning venous blood from the legs to the heart. At the same time, the hydrostatic pressure of blood in the capillaries of the extremities increases, filtration increases and an excess of tissue fluid is created. The lymphatic system under such conditions cannot provide sufficient drainage function, which is accompanied by the development of edema.

In addition to the circulatory system, the human body has a lymphatic system. They are closely related to each other and completely complement each other. The lymphatic system, with the help of numerous capillaries, penetrates into all tissues and organs of the body (the diagram in the pictures is presented below) where it delivers the biological fluid - lymph, which is necessary for the normal functioning of internal organs.

This helps to increase the protective properties, as well as cleanse the body of toxins, infections, toxins and microbes.

The human lymphatic system (a diagram in pictures will be presented below) is a complex mechanism that includes several structural components: vessels, nodes, lymph. And to understand this, it is worth considering the links of this chain separately.

Vessels

The human lymphatic system (the diagram in pictures will clearly show the location of its main nodes) has some structural features. Its branches resemble the roots of plants. Vessels penetrate into the tissues of organs. The exception is the brain, spinal cord, parenchyma of the spleen, lens, inner ear, sclera, placenta, cartilage, and epithelial.

The biological fluid enters from the cells into the capillary processes of the system, one end of which is completely closed. That is, the movement occurs only in one direction - up. The walls of the capillaries have good permeability, which allows the liquid to freely penetrate inside.

Capillaries converge into vessels equipped with valves that prevent the reverse movement of lymph. They completely braid the internal organs and flow to the lymph nodes located throughout the body. The trunks coming out of them are sent to the ducts, and eventually enter the veins. In this way, lymph enters the blood.

Knots

Lymph nodes are made up of lymphoid tissue. It is in them that B-lymphocytes are formed and develop, the role of which is indispensable in immune processes. Thanks to them, antibodies are produced to fight various pathogens.

In addition, T-lymphocytes are located in the lymph nodes, where they differentiate after contact with the antigen. Lymph nodes perform not only the role of a connecting link, but are also an active participant in the formation of immunity at the cellular level.

Lymph

Lymph is a liquid of biological properties, which includes lymphocytes. It consists of water, salts, fats and other substances. The viscosity of the lymph is provided by colloidal proteins. Its composition is in many ways similar to blood.

The volume of lymph in the body is 1-2 liters. The movement of the substance occurs under pressure, which is formed as a result of contraction of the cells of the vessel walls. Significantly affects the speed of movement of the lymph, adjacent muscles, phases of respiration, body position.

Basic functions in the body

The human lymphatic system (the diagram in pictures shows the relationship between the lymphatic and circulatory systems) plays an important role in the body. Immunity, metabolic processes, and protective function depend on how well it will function.

Important tasks assigned to the LS:

1. Delivery of fatty acids, fats of the small intestine to all organs and tissues that need them.
2. Cleansing the body of harmful substances.
3. Synthesis of lymphocytes that increase resistance to the negative effects of harmful microorganisms.
4. Removal of tissue fluid, which allows you to remove harmful substances from the tissues.

Diagram of human lymph movement

There are about 500 lymphatic vessels and nodes in the body. The movement of lymph in them occurs strictly from the bottom up, from the peripheral endings to the center. Fluid enters the lymph nodes through multiple vessels, and exits through 1-2 channels. The movement of lymph, thus, reaches the main lymphatic vessels - pillars.

The largest of them is the thoracic duct, which is located near the aorta. This vessel passes the liquid collected in the organs on the left side, located below the ribs, in the head, chest, and arm. Ultimately, the lymph of the left thoracic duct enters the subclavian vein.

Similarly, there is a right duct of the LS. Its function is to collect lymph from the right side, which departs from the head, arm and chest. This division of the flow allows you to divide the load on the vessels and nodes, as a result of which the lymph has the ability to move freely in the body. Any blockage of lymphatic vessels threatens with swelling and the formation of tissue tumors.

Organs of the lymphatic system

The human lymphatic system (the diagram in pictures clearly depicts the location of the lymph nodes in the body), in addition to vessels and nodes, includes organs. Each of them performs a specific function, which allows you to strengthen the body's defenses.

The coherence of their work affects the level of immunity of the body.

1. Bone marrow. This organ consists of soft tissue that is located in the cavity of the bone. It is in it that white and red blood cells are formed. Despite the fact that its mass is only 250 g, it produces 5 million blood cells daily, replacing obsolete ones.
2. Thymus. The organ is located behind the sternum. Its function is to provide protection against exposure to pathogens. It takes stem cells and converts them into T-lymphocytes. The laying of the organ occurs even in the state of the embryo, but as a person grows, it gradually decreases. With the achievement of puberty, the thymus gland loses its peculiarity and redistributes its function between other organs.
3. Spleen. The function of this organ is to cleanse the blood of damaged red blood cells, foreign components and bacteria. The spleen also contributes to the formation of antibodies when an infection enters the body. The connection of this organ in metabolic processes has also been established, which contributes to the accumulation of iron in it, which is necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin.

Types and groups of diseases

Violation of the function of the drug provokes the development of a number of diseases. All of them are divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory. The first type includes infectious and non-communicable diseases. To the second - toxic, allergic, autosomal pathologies.

According to the nature of development, they are acute, subacute and chronic forms. Depending on the scale of tissue damage, diseases of the lymphatic system are limited, widespread. With constant progression, the pathological process eventually develops into a generalized one.

The main types of diseases:

Causes of disorders in the body

Damage to the lymphatic system can occur for a number of reasons. Specialists of them distinguish the most basic.

1. Heredity. The likelihood of developing the disease is very high if close relatives have been diagnosed with such diseases.
2. Virus defeat. Many viruses, such as influenza, measles, HIV, are able to penetrate the lymphatic system, provoking the development of inflammation.
3. Bad environment, bad habits. Both factors contribute to increased pollution of the body with toxins and harmful substances. As a result, the load on the lymphatic system increases significantly, which leads to its failure.

Symptoms of the onset of diseases

Despite the fact that the diseases can be different, in most cases they have the same primary signs of LS damage.

Main symptoms:

• annoying itching of the skin;
• elevated temperature;
• chills;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• swelling of the limbs;
• weight loss;
• skin pigmentation that was not there before;
• enlargement of the spleen;
• fast fatiguability;
• general weakness;
• irritability;
• abrupt change of mood.

Subsequently, others are added to the already existing symptoms, depending on the type of pathological process.

Condition Diagnostics

When making a diagnosis, the doctor takes into account the results of various examinations and tests. What kind of measures will be required, only a specialist can say on the basis of the patient's complaints and the symptoms identified when interviewing the patient.

Main diagnostic methods:

1. visual inspection. In this case, the doctor examines the lymph nodes, and also determines the likelihood of inflammation of the spleen by palpation.
2. Blood analysis. This examination allows you to determine the leukocyte formula.
3. Lymphography. The method is used to confirm or refute oncological diseases. It is carried out by introducing a radiopaque component into the vessel of the lymphatic system. In the future, the movement of the fluid is monitored using images.
4. Biopsy, histological examination. The method involves the collection of fluid and tissue to detect a malignant tumor. Subsequently, the samples are sent to the laboratory to confirm or refute the diagnosis.

Based on the collected data, the doctor determines the form of the disease and the degree of tissue damage, which allows him to prescribe the appropriate course of treatment.

Treatment options

Therapy is carried out depending on the established disease, as well as the nature of the pathological process.

Treatment methods:

1. Medical treatment. It is prescribed for an increase in lymph nodes as a result of a bacterial or viral infection. Special therapy is not required, since the inflammation will go away on its own after the elimination of the underlying disease. It is allowed to take antiviral, as well as antibacterial drugs. If the provoking factor is an allergen, then therapy is carried out using antihistamines.
2. Surgery. This method is prescribed for the formation of an abscess in the lymph node, a tumor that should be eliminated in order to avoid serious complications. An operation to remove the spleen (splenectomy) is also used in case of an injury to the abdomen, which provoked its rupture.
3. Sclerosing with alcohol. This method is used in the detection of benign neoplasms of small diameter. To remove them, the introduction of alcohol into the tumor tissue is used, which leads to their necrosis, and subsequently to death.
4. Chemotherapy. It is prescribed for the detection of malignant tumors. The principle of its action is based on the detrimental effect of toxins and poisons on neoplasm tissues. The drug is injected into the body periodically after a certain number of days, since its action is aimed at the destruction of tumor cells, so the introduction is associated with the cell cycle.
5. Radiation therapy. The procedure is prescribed for oncological diseases. The principle of its action is based on the use of high-dose ionizing radiation. Thanks to this technique, the growth and division of malignant tumor cells is stopped, which subsequently leads to its destruction.
6. Combined therapy. In some cases, the doctor prescribes several methods of treatment. This technique is used when the disease continues to progress despite the steps taken.

How to cleanse the lymphatic system

The human lymphatic system cleanses the body of harmful substances and toxins. On the schematic representation of its organs and nodes, which is presented in the pictures above, you can see how important it is for the full functioning of the internal organs. Negligent attitude to one's health leads to increased pollution of the lymph.

This negatively affects its functionality. The liquid begins to linger in the vessels, the concentration of toxins in its composition increases. As a result, the lymphatic system begins to work to the detriment of the body. This leads to a decrease in immunity, as a result of which the body's susceptibility to the effects of pathogens increases.

Signs indicating lymph pollution:

• colds, infectious diseases;
• failure of the kidneys, liver, spleen;
• regular exacerbations of chronic diseases;
• skin rashes, pigmentation;
• allergy;
• obesity;
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
• inflammation of the joints;
• diseases of the reproductive organs;
• psoriasis.

To cleanse the lymph, you can use several methods: medicines, massage, folk remedies. Each of them gives a stable positive result. Therefore, it is worth understanding the features of each procedure separately.

Experts identify some rules for cleaning the lymph, which should be considered during the procedure. Ignoring them can lead to the futility of this event.

1. During the week before the procedure, you should visit the bath twice.
2. Conduct a cleansing enema at intervals of 3 days.
3. Increase daily water intake to 2.5 liters.
4. To refuse from bad habits.
5. Cleaning is carried out once every six months, in spring and autumn.
6. Indulge in outdoor walks.
7. Enrich your diet with healthy foods. Give preference to greens, walnuts, flax oil, fresh fruits and vegetables, eggs, berries, dairy products.
8. Exclude fried and fatty foods, alcohol, animal fats, flour products, canned food, smoked meats, pickles, sweets.
9. It is recommended to eat often, but in small portions.
10. You can’t starve, you need to eat as much as you want, but at the same time, food should be healthy.
11. Meals should be taken at the same time every day.

Medications

In some cases, medications are prescribed to clean the lymphatic system. The need for this procedure is determined by the doctor, in case of frequent cases of damage to the body by viruses and infections. Medicines have a directed effect on increasing immunity. Dosage, frequency of administration, course of treatment depends on the individual characteristics of the patient.

The main types of drugs:

1. Herbal preparations(Immunorm, Immunal). Help to activate the protective function.
2. Medicines containing weakened bacilli(Broncho-munal, Likopid, Baktisporin, Broncho-Vaxom). Their use causes the body to produce antibodies to fight pathogens, which significantly improves immunity.
3. Nucleic acid products(Derinat, Poludan, Sodium nucleinate). They have a complex effect on the body: they improve wound healing, activate the bone marrow, enhance the synthesis of leukocytes.
4. Medicines based on the thymus gland of animals(Taktivin, Timalin, Thymogen). Strengthen immunity, normalize metabolism in cells.
5. Interferon preparations(Anaferon, Arbidol, Viferon). Increase resistance to viruses and infections.

Massage

The main types of massage:

1. Lymphatic drainage. The massage is carried out with a soft bristled brush. The skin should be dry, clean and warm. Movements should be superficial, wave-like. Their direction should correspond to the movement of lymph in the vessels.
2. Vacuum roller procedure. Massage is carried out with a special device, which allows you to create a vacuum environment to expand the lumen in the vessels.
3. Pressotherapy. For the procedure, a special suit is used, where air is supplied. Under its pressure, the body initially contracts, and when released, it relaxes. Despite the feeling of discomfort during this massage, its effectiveness is much higher than other methods.
4. Microcurrents. The procedure is carried out with a special device that affects the body with low-frequency current pulses. This helps to activate the flow of blood, as well as the outflow of lymph. As a result, the stagnation of the biological fluid is eliminated.

The effectiveness of massage directly depends on the professionalism of the master. Therefore, it is recommended to contact medical institutions that have proven themselves over the years.

Folk remedies

To clean the lymphatic system, as well as to prevent diseases, it is recommended to use traditional medicine. This method is not only affordable, but also effective.

Effective recipes for restoring the function of the lymphatic system:

The function of the lymphatic system (diagram in pictures) in the human body should not be underestimated. Schematically, it is a separate organ, parts of which are located throughout the body, which can be seen in the figures given earlier in the article. The work of all internal organs depends on how effectively it will cope with its tasks.

Useful videos about the lymphatic system and its diseases

How the lymphatic system works:

Causes of inflammation of the lymph nodes:

Lymph is the living water of our body

The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, capillaries and interstitial fluid. It goes "bottom-up" and never in reverse order! That is, from the fingertips - and to the thoracic lymphatic duct. Lymph in the form of intercellular fluid, like water in streams, washes every cell of our body, then it enters the lymph nodes through the lymphatic vessels-rivers. Leaving the lymph nodes and merging with each other, the lymphatic vessels form the main lymphatic ducts, from which the lymph again enters the bloodstream. In the blood and liver, the neutralization processes started in the lymph nodes are completed.

Nodes occupy a key place in the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are the purification facilities of the entire body. About 1 billion cells naturally die in our body every day, while viruses and bacteria are destroyed by the immune system, and unnecessary toxic substances penetrate with food, air and water. All this is partially neutralized in the lymph nodes. At the exit from the nodes, the lymph appears already cleansed.

Lymph nodes produce lymphocytes and antibodies that protect the body from infections.
Lymph nodes contribute to the uniform movement of lymph through the vessels, facilitating the entry into the tissues of the internal organs of the nutrients necessary for the vital activity of the cells.
In other words, the lymphatic system is responsible for the transport and cleanliness of the internal environment of the body.

It is not difficult to imagine what happens when this purification system fails. All waste products of cells rush through additional paths, for example, the skin. As a result, acne may appear, complexion and general skin condition worsen. Redness and age spots that suddenly appear on the skin can also be the consequences of malfunctions in the lymphatic system.

In violation of the functions of the lymphatic system, up to 83% of harmful substances accumulate in the intercellular space and, as a result, pollution of the lymphatic channel is formed - lymphotoxicosis. This increases the load on all organs of excretion and detoxification: the liver, intestines, kidneys. It turns out that the purity of the internal environment of our body is directly interconnected with the network of lymphatic vessels.

In order for all these toxic factors not to damage the cells, a constant outflow of interstitial fluid, or drainage, is necessary. How to help the lymphatic system cope with the ever-increasing flow of substances poisoning our body?

Lymph cleansing points

The lymphatic system is the only system, except for the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract, that has an output through the mucous membranes to the outside!
This is a completely unique phenomenon, because we cannot throw anything out through the skin! The release of poisons can only be through the mucous membranes, because they do not have a solid dead protective barrier of the epidermis.

So, first foothold lymphatic evacuation - the first place to land the corpses of bacteria outside - the vagina (in women) and the urethra (in men)!
As soon as something has got into the body, this “something” is immediately found here: an uncomfortable state begins below, pain, cramps, etc.

As a rule, it turns out well: there are no discharges for three days - and then they start again (thrush, for example). And what is thrush, what is discharge with thrush? - these are the "corpses" of the fungus, which were destroyed by our body with the help of leukocytes!
Therefore, it is not with the "corpses" that we must fight, but with live fungi! And there is only one way to fight - raising immunity. Because nothing will work out by other methods: you can’t kill all living things in the body ...

Second bridgehead landings - the intestines, a huge amount of poisons is released through it! There are thousands of lymph nodes open inside the intestines - so they secrete all this!

Third bridgehead are sweat glands, especially in the armpits. A person just has to sweat - all the poisons (hormones, toxic poisons) the body removes through the skin.

And what do we do so that they never appear? That's right, the advertised 24-hour deodorant! And all the problems with sweat are solved: at least scare you, at least ride on a roller coaster - and there will be no more sweating! Where will the poisons go? In the nearest place - in the mammary gland!
And hence the mastopathy, pollution of the lymphatic pool: the lymph drove everything out - and you sprinkled (anointed), and now you are a fearless, never sweating (but potentially sick) James Bond!

Never use 24 hour deodorant! Only 6 hours, and then let the body sweat - and wash everything off! Unfortunately, chemicals splashed on the skin constrict the blood vessels according to a given program - for 12 - 24 - 48 hours. And now there are super-deodorants - 7-day. Then you will simply block the mechanism of the sweat glands - and in general the end ...

Everything is very simple: here is the knee joint - two bones with a smooth supporting surface, and around them - an articular bag (capsule). Some have swollen joints ... it would seem, why swell here?

But it turns out that there is a huge lymph node behind this joint, and if it is thrombosed (by bacteria, for example, beta-hemolytic streptococcus), which lives in the blood, then arthritis will turn out here (rheumatoid, infectious-allergic, polyarthritis - if many joints are affected).

The temperature may rise, but ask yourself: what is it for? Yes, to fight bacteria!
Or there is swelling. Why? The lymph node is not leaking fluid. What do we usually do: heat, smear with ointments, mud, hormones, rubbing - and do you think it will help? Never! - because, first of all, it is necessary to clean the lymph!

But first you need to determine who "lives" there. Until we know this, neither the joints, nor the skin, nor the kidneys can be cured! To get rid of different “inhabitants”, different medicines are needed: for example, a fungus lives there, and we are prescribed a course of antibiotics, but they absolutely do not work against the fungus and even feed it! And there is a powerful fungal arthritis, which is very difficult to cure! And after it, Bechterew's disease begins (when a person twists all the joints at one moment), and everything you want ...

Fourth bridgehead- the nose, through which the main amount of airborne infection is excreted. They cut out the adenoids - they killed their defensive line!

Fifth bridgehead- almonds. Constantly swollen, interfered - cut off and buried another protective line!

Sixth bridgehead- the larynx is laryngitis.

Seventh bridgehead- trachea - development of tracheitis.

Eighth bridgehead- bronchi - the development of bronchitis.

Ninth bridgehead- lungs - the development of pneumonia.

That's it, there are no more protective barriers ... A person can block or cut off everything, but how he will then release poisons is completely incomprehensible!

Lymph is fine - thanks to charging!

In order to cleanse the lymph, it is necessary to purposefully influence not only the lymphatic system, but also the functioning of the liver and intestines.

Our intestines are surrounded by a very rich lymphatic network. Through it passes the transport of all fats, fat-soluble substances and the removal of toxins. In the liver, the process of neutralizing substances brought by lymph is actively taking place.

With improper functioning of the intestines and liver, intoxication of the body can increase. As a result, the lymph nodes may not be able to cope with the increasing flow and fail. At the same time, in those parts of the body that are “served” by these lymph nodes, lymph stagnation will form, accompanied by swelling.

In 1955, the German doctor G.G. Rekeweg formulated the theory of slagging of the human body. Its essence lies in the fact that the disease is a manifestation of the body's reaction to the effects of various toxins.

Why do those who pay attention to exercise usually have everything in order with the lymphatic system? A person does not have a separate heart for the lymphatic system, but how is a moving lymph flow created? Here is a lymphatic vessel, and around it are muscles. The muscle contracts - the lymph is pushed through, and the valves in the lymphatic vessels do not let it pass back. But if the muscle around the vessel does not work, where does the movement of the lymph come from? ..

Rules to know

Firstly, never let the lymphatic system become clogged with toxins, as over time it will become so slagged that it will be very difficult to restore it. If the situation gets out of your control, contact a knowledgeable specialist in a timely manner.

Secondly, always monitor the condition of the small and large intestines, for their complete and regular emptying. To do this, strictly observe the diet. It is also useful to massage the central area of ​​the palms of the hands, where there are many biologically active points associated with the abdominal organs. During emptying, it is useful to massage the entire intestine.

Thirdly, regularly, at least twice a year, perform lymphatic drainage massage sessions - on your own or, if possible, with experienced professionals. If this is not possible, regularly during a visit to the bathhouse or when taking a hot bath with a hard brush or washcloth 10-15 times with effort, pass through the body along the course of the lymphatic system: on the limbs, in the pelvic, abdominal and chest regions - from bottom to top and outside inside; on the head and neck - from top to bottom and back to front. With self-massage, you can use special massage creams, rubbing them into the skin with your hands in a circular motion.

Fourth check your weight periodically. When overweight appears, it is necessary to pay attention to the work of the liver and gallbladder, small and large intestines, it is imperative to activate physical movements to enhance the movement of stagnant lymph with toxins, balance food intake and expenditure of energy received, and prevent overeating. Remember that the appearance of excess weight is a sure sign of aging.

What Not to Do

The lymphatic system cannot be heated, forget about quartz for life!

You can’t put any compresses on the lymphatic system, avoid the lymph nodes during the massage: leukocytes live there, and if you press them, go against the flow, you will simply destroy them ...

If you damage the lymph node under the knee, it will swell all its life! There is such a disease as elephantiasis - lymph flows from the inside, all external procedures will not help in any way! Lymph can be cleansed from the inside, but only active movements, muscle contractions - gymnastics can make it move.

So that the lymph does not stagnate

If you feel tired while sitting at work, it means that the lymph has stagnated! Whoever moves his arms and legs even a little (hidden gymnastics for the body) - his muscles contract and lymph movement appears.

And in order to avoid hemorrhoids - “jump” 30-50 times on the gluteal muscles: this is a massage of the lymphatic collectors of the small pelvis. And there will be no such massage - there will be prostatitis, adenoma ...

Lymphatic drainage massage

The technology of such massage was developed in the middle of the last century. It was originally used to relieve swelling in the postoperative period. Over time, lymphatic drainage massage began to be used for venous diseases. Massage, in which there is an active effect on the body along the lymph flow lines, is most often used today in cosmetology, since its effectiveness in terms of improving appearance can be seen with your own eyes quite quickly. However, the method has contraindications that must be heeded.

INDICATIONS AND BENEFITS

Lymphatic drainage massage for cosmetic purposes is used for:

• Treatment of cellulite (including its edematous form).
• Get rid of excess body fat.
• Reducing swelling on the face, problem areas of the legs and other parts of the body.
• Elimination of bruises and bags under the eyes.
• Acceleration of skin cell regeneration.
• Elimination of sagging skin.
• Reducing the number of wrinkles.
• Improvement of body contours.

No anti-cellulite program is complete without a course of lymphatic drainage procedures. The most effective of them is lymphatic drainage massage.

In order to improve the body, lymphatic drainage massage is used for:

• Enhance immunity.
• Improvement of the psycho-emotional state.
• Treatment of stress, relieving internal tension.
• Treatment of lymph flow disorders.
• Elimination of excess interstitial fluid.
• Treatment of varicose veins.

Any of the massage techniques can be successfully used to improve and maintain the body, while losing weight, as a preventive measure that prevents the formation of cellulite. Lymphatic drainage massage is a natural method of slowing down the aging process in the body.

LYMPHODRAINAGE MASSAGE TECHNIQUES

There are several techniques for this type of massage. Their separation occurs according to the methods of execution. There is a manual and hardware lymphatic drainage massage.

Manual lymphatic drainage massage is performed with the method of light smooth pressure and sliding along the lymph flow line on the body using special massage mixtures. Manual massage technique is divided into subspecies:

• superficial (stimulates the metabolic processes of the body and in the layers of the skin and unblocking the capillaries);

• deep (impact on the vessels that provide the outflow of lymphatic fluid from the internal organs directly);

• internal (impact on the lymph nodes).

Hardware lymphatic drainage massage is divided into:

• pressotherapy - exposure to certain parts of the body with compressed air. Most often, the technique is used to reduce the volume of the arms, hips and legs. This hardware method requires the use of special equipment. During pressotherapy, the client is dressed in a suit resembling a giant cuff for measuring pressure;

• microcurrent drainage - a painless procedure in which the body is affected by a pulsed current supplied through several electrodes;

• vacuum hardware massage - occurs on the principle of vacuum anti-cellulite massage, the effect is almost identical. In the process, special vessels are installed on the body, under which the pressure is reduced. As a result, excess liquid begins to come to the surface.

Manual technique requires much more time than hardware massage.

All methods are performed according to the same principle and have approximately the same result: metabolism in the cells of the body is accelerated, toxins and toxins are removed along with excess fluid.

Contraindications

Any impact on the body with the help of tactile techniques or the use of devices has contraindications. In this case, these are:

• Thrombophlebitis, thrombosis.
• Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• Skin diseases, purulent inflammation.
• Herpes in the active stage.
• Lymphadenitis and lymphadenopathy.
• Neuralgia.
• Burns and other damage to the skin.
• Exacerbated inflammatory processes (after the removal of the acute phase, such a massage is even recommended for a speedy recovery).
• The presence of oncological neoplasms.
• Pregnancy.

You should not try to give yourself or loved ones lymphatic drainage massage if you have not received appropriate training or have not become familiar with the correct technique. This can lead to unpredictable results.

There are no very common contraindications. This is one of the factors in the ever-growing popularity of the procedure. It is chosen not only to improve appearance, but also for the treatment of a number of diseases.

However, before the procedure, you should definitely undergo examinations and find out if you have any contraindications.

LYMPHODRAINAGE BODY MASSAGE

In order to do lymphatic drainage massage of the legs and body at home, make sure that you do not have any contraindications and remember that:

1. All movements must be smooth and careful. Often, during the sessions, clients even fall asleep. After the procedure, there should be no bruises and bruises on the body

2. Lymphatic drainage massage of the body begins with warming up the problem area (legs, thighs, arms): start slow stroking in the direction of lymph flow. Do a few sets in one place, then move around a little

3. After the tissues of the legs or arms are warmed up, move on to a more active stage: move in one direction with the edge of the palm towards the lymph nodes.

4. After the procedure, take a contrast or cool shower.

Lymphatic lines:

• From neck to chest.
• From wrist to shoulders.
• From the abdomen and legs to the hip composition.

The lymph nodes:

• Floor of the lower jaw.
• Side of the neck.
• Armpits.
• On the line of elbow flexion.
• In the center of the chest and others.

You can also purchase a special device with which you can do lymphatic drainage massage at home. Contraindications to its use are the same as when using the manual method.

LYMPHODRAINAGE FACIAL MASSAGE

Most often, lymphatic drainage facial massage is used to relieve puffiness. There are special rules for this:

1.Before doing lymphatic drainage massage, the face must be thoroughly cleansedlymphatic drainage facial massage

2. In general, lymphatic drainage occurs with the help of movements directed from the center to the contour. First you need to massage in the direction of the nearest nodes - submandibular and chin

3. In the temporal region, you need to move from the temples and nodes behind the ears

4. On the scalp, massage is done, starting from the crown of the head and moving towards the nodes behind the ears, on the neck in the back of the head

5. An excellent finish can be a corrective mask or any procedure with a lifting effect.

The duration of a face and head massage is on average 15 minutes. After the session, there is a feeling of lightness and pleasant warmth.

Lymphatic drainage massage of the legs, body and face is performed using a massage mixture from a composition of base and essential oils. The components are selected in accordance with the required psychophysiological effect.

Lymphatic drainage massage of the face, legs and other possible problem areas is one of the simplest and most affordable methods of cleansing and rejuvenating the body. Today it is available and necessary for everyone who has no contraindications and who wants to stay healthy, young and beautiful longer.

Nutrition for the lymph

Human life, without the presence of lymphatic vessels in it, would be in constant danger from a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. It is the lymphatic system that plays the role of a biological filter that protects the body from viruses, bacteria, cancer cells and other negative factors of modern ecology.

The lymphatic system consists of nodes connected by blood vessels. Through them, a colorless liquid circulates around the clock, not containing erythrocytes, but rich in lymphocytes - lymph. As a result of circulation, lymph from the distant parts of the body enters the central ones, passing near large veins, on which the lymph nodes are located. In the lymph nodes, the lymph is cleared of impurities and, enriched with antibodies, flows further.

• Lymph owes its origin to the blood, from the plasma of which it is formed.
• The human body contains from one to two liters of lymph.
• Lymph, translated from Latin, means "clear water".

Useful products for lymph

• Carrot. Due to the content of beta-carotene, carrots can significantly slow down the aging process. In addition, it prevents the destruction of lymphocytes and helps in the production of antibodies.

• Walnuts. Due to the content of a large amount of vitamins and trace elements in them, nuts are an important product for the entire lymphatic system. They are involved not only in the nutrition of the lymph nodes and blood vessels, but also increase the protective properties of the lymph, thanks to the phytoncide contained in them - juglone.

• Chicken eggs. Thanks to lutein, it has a stimulating effect on the regenerative abilities of the lymph.

• Chicken meat. It is a source of easily digestible protein, which, as a building material, is involved in the creation of new blood vessels.

• sea ​​kale. Famous for a large amount of iodine. Due to this, it is able to increase the immune properties of the lymph.

• oily fish. The polyunsaturated acids contained in it help maintain the electrolytic balance of the lymph, and also ensure the health of the vessels themselves.

For the normal functioning of the body, it is necessary that all its organs and systems are protected from the negative effects of the environment. This is the role of the lymphatic vessels. But they also demand attention. In order for the entire lymphatic system to be in working condition, the following recommendations must be followed:

• Avoid hypothermia. Lymph nodes are very sensitive to colds.

• Do sport. This will support the tone of the lymphatic vessels.

• Avoid smoking and drinking alcohol. Thanks to this, the lymphatic vessels will remain operational for many years, and the lymph will freely reach the most remote part of the body.

• Be outdoors more often. Walking will strengthen the defenses of the entire lymphatic system.

Folk remedies for cleansing the lymph

In order to provide the body with healthy lymph, it must first be cleaned. For this, the following methodology is used:

Daily, for two weeks, take 4 tablets of activated charcoal, 2 in the morning and 2 in the evening. In the interval between taking coal, take a composition consisting of crushed berries of shadberry and blackcurrant, dried apricots, dates, figs and prunes. Take everything in equal amounts. In 1 kg of the mixture, add 3 tablespoons of honey, preferably buckwheat. Mix, take a dessert spoon 3 times a day. Wash down with a decoction of chaga or Ivan-tea.

Harmful products for lymph

• Alcoholic drinks. They cause vasospasm and disrupt lymph circulation.
• Salt. Excessive salt intake increases the pressure inside the blood vessels, as a result of which the vessels “risk” to break.

• Sausages, canned food and "crackers". They contain substances that are harmful to the lymph, which disrupts the filtering mechanism of the lymph nodes.

The composition of the lymph

Lymph is composed of: cellular elements, proteins, lipids, low molecular weight organic compounds (amino acids, glucose, glycerol), electrolytes. The cellular composition of the lymph is represented mainly by lymphocytes. In the lymph of the thoracic duct, their number reaches 8 * 109 / l.
red blood cells in the lymph, they are normally found in a limited amount, their number increases significantly with tissue injuries, platelets are normally not detected. Macrophages and monocytes are rare. Granulocytes can penetrate into the lymph from the foci of infection.
Ionic composition lymph does not differ from the ionic composition of blood plasma and interstitial fluid. At the same time, in terms of the content and composition of proteins and lipids, lymph differs significantly from blood plasma. In human lymph, the protein content is on average 2-3% of the volume.
Protein concentration in the lymph depends on the rate of its formation: an increase in the flow of fluid into the body causes an increase in the volume of the resulting lymph and reduces the concentration of proteins in it. In the lymph in a small amount contains all the coagulation factors, antibodies and various enzymes present in the plasma.

cholesterol and phospholipids found in the lymph in the form of lipoproteins. The content of free fats, which are in the lymph in the form of chylomicrons, depends on the amount of fats that have entered the lymph from the intestine. Immediately after a meal, the thoracic duct lymph contains a large amount of lipoproteins and lipids absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Between meals, the lipid content in the thoracic duct is minimal.

We clean the lymph nodes and ducts

This method of lymph cleansing was proposed by the American naturopathic physician Norbert Walker. To use it, you need to stock up on citrus fruits in advance. You will need to be able to make two liters of mixed juices for three days in a row.

These two liters will consist of:

• 800-900 gr grapefruit juice,
• 200 gr lemon juice,
• 800-900 gr orange juice.

This is a one day serving. This amount of juice is prepared in the morning and then diluted with two liters of melt water. In total, every day you will need to drink four liters of fluid.

How is the procedure? In the evening you take an enema (yes, you can’t get away from this method of bowel cleansing), and the next morning you take 50 grams (this is a tablespoon with a top) of Glauber’s salt in one glass of water. It is very important, according to Walker, just such a composition of laxative salt: it is the adsorbent that removes specific dirt from the body. When the laxative works, every half hour you start taking a glass of prepared liquid, slightly warming 200 grams of juice. And besides him - nothing!

That is, you do not take anything orally for three days, except for citrus juice and Glauber's salt, which makes all mechanisms of lymph formation actively work with the help of this specific fluid. In the evening, an enema, every day in the morning - Glauber's salt, and in between - twenty two-hundred-gram glasses of slightly warmed juice.

The result is a remarkable cleansing of the entire body. I can say that you do not experience any feeling of hunger these days, because the aforementioned citrus juice - and even on melt water - is a colossal energy drink. After that, calmly, without hurrying, you can switch to light cereals, to a normal diet.

Such cleaning should be done once a year, preferably in January-February, when all citrus fruits are brought to us at the same time. This is the technique of Walker, the man who developed the whole doctrine of the treatment of juices. He already knew about the existence of tangerines, but it was grapefruits, lemons and oranges that he introduced into practice. Therefore, it is better not to allow any deviations from this recipe.

Attention: the liquid must be prepared anew every day so that it is fresh in the morning.

Important about the lymphatic system

Functions of the lymphatic system

How does blood move in our body? Through the arteries, blood makes the heart move - a muscular vascular organ, and the movement of blood through the veins is ensured by the muscular-valve structure of the veins. This is how the large and small circles of blood circulation function.

But the lymphatic channel does not have such a "drive". The movement of lymph is slow and is provided by the muscles. The main muscle for driving the lymph is diaphragm. This is a kind of "heart" of the lymphatic system. With physical exertion and deep breathing with the "belly", the amplitude of the movement of the diaphragm increases, and the circulation of the lymph increases, i.e. its stagnation is removed.

With obesity and the absence of certain physical exertion, lymph stagnation occurs in any lymph nodes. At the same time, waste products of cells (fragments of decayed lipids, proteins, toxins, etc.) accumulate in the intercellular spaces, which even gradually grow into connective tissue fibers (doctors call this process fibrosis). And these cells simply begin to rot - there are sluggish oncological diseases, hypertension, allergies, etc.

Lymph is cleansed through saliva. The salivary glands belong to the lymphatic system, have access to the oral cavity and, together with saliva, carry waste and pollution from their system to the digestive tract for further removal from the body.

Under stress, it usually dries up in the mouth, saliva is not released, stagnation occurs in the lymphatic system. And the man is given water to drink. But this is undesirable. It is better to stimulate the secretion of saliva with sucking movements of the lips in order to release the saliva in the mouth and make swallowing movements.
And to enhance the secretion of saliva, you can use chewing gum or put salt on the tip of a knife under the tongue half an hour after eating.

You should give up the bad habit - immediately after eating, drink drinks for the third and eat fruits for dessert.

Do not store yesterday's food in the refrigerator, as it (especially heated) is rich in toxins that have appeared from the reproduction of putrefactive bacteria, and after eating it fills the entire intercellular space and lymphatic system in the human body with ballast.

The lymphatic system is a system that even doctors don't know well. They never seriously studied it. The lymphatic system works in one direction. All lymph flows from bottom to top. Edema on the legs, arms, eyes, lower back, joints - it's all lymph. A bacterium, virus or fungus enters the body. What does lymph do? Near the hit is a large lymph node, for example, the genital tract. Lymph nodes block the passage of infection further. If gonorrhea passed through the body and got into the brain, then people would die immediately.

Lymphocytes come out of the lymph nodes, and they patrol the entire mucous membrane, urethra, and vagina. If they find something there, they eat it and take it back to the lymph nodes. In the lymph nodes, this is all lysed, activated and thrown out. The first way lymph is ejected in the body is through the vagina and urethra.. Everything that is connected with leucorrhea in women, discharge in men, suggests that someone lives in the body, and the lymph of this someone eats, at the cost of his own life, and removes it. The second escape route is in the intestines, which contains tens of thousands of small lymph nodes.

Up to 50% of poisons come out through sweat and armpits. Now people use deodorants, from which a person does not sweat for 24 hours. They do not sweat under the armpits, but the palms sweat. They also do cosmetic surgery when they cut the lymphatic ducts. The forehead should not sweat. If the armpits are clogged, then the entire surface of the body sweats. This indicates the second degree of damage and pollution of the lymph. The face should be relatively dry, and under the armpits should flow, because there is a powerful sweat collector. There are not many sweat glands on the face.

Adenoids are the lymph nodes. Everyone who breathes through the mouth has adenoids - enlarged lymph nodes in the nose.
Salivary glands- the most powerful detoxifying organ. Up to half a liter of toxic sputum is excreted through saliva. If a child has saliva on the pillow, then this indicates serious problems of the lymphatic system.

If a person or a child sweats in a dream, then this may indicate that he has pinworms, Giardia, or something else. Children should not sweat even at an ambient temperature of 30C. They have a poorly developed sweat system. If a small child has a wet head at night, then he is sick. In a child, everything should go through the kidneys, intestines.

Larynx. Chronic laryngitis or pharyngitis is the lymph nodes of the pharynx and larynx. With this diagnosis, a person has a chronic infection of a chronic fungus or chronic streptococcus. They are candidates for chronic lymphatic involvement.

Tonsils are the most powerful springboard for various bacteria. Streptococcus always goes through the tonsils. This is angina, rheumatism. Staphylococcus will not go through the tonsils. It goes through the nose.

Sinusitis is a lesion of the lymphatic system, not the respiratory system. There is nothing in the nose, there are only minks for air and membranes 1 micron thick. Everything else in there is rubbish. Where does pus come from? From the abdomen, from the lymph, from the blood, from the intercellular spaces, and exit through the nose. Staphylococcus has this way. The fungus through the nose will never go. The fungus is excreted through nearby organs. If it is foot, then it will stand out there. The skin will crack. The lymphatic system will never drag the fungus into the nose, because it will not drag it. She will kill all the lymphatic collectors. The lymphatic system will open the skin and eject the lymphatic fluid right between the fingers. The lymph nodes of the bones will never miss the fungus. If the whole body is affected by the fungus, then fungal bronchitis begins. The deep lymph nodes of the bronchi are connected, and a person may develop bronchial asthma (this is not about psychosomatics, when a person draws attention to himself with an illness).

Inflammation of the joints is a lesion of the lymphatic system. Everyone believes that swelling in the legs is cardiac, renal. Edema can only be lymphatic. The heart is exhausted and cannot pump blood. But it is not blood that lingers in the legs, but lymph. Elephantiasis is a lesion of the lymph when the inguinal lymph nodes are clogged and the fluid does not rise. Swelling of the hands is a blockage of the axillary lymph nodes. Puffiness of the eyes is a blockage of the submandibular and facial lymph nodes. This indirectly indicates blockage of the kidneys. If the kidneys secrete less fluid than they need, then there is more of it in the body.

IMPORTANT! For the functioning of the lymphatic system it’s not enough just to “drink a pill” - for people leading a sedentary lifestyle, at least you need to do breathing exercises, “breathe in your stomach”, do at least minimal exercises, try to walk more. This allows you to partially eliminate the stagnation of the lymph.

In humans and other vertebrates, in addition to the blood vessels, there is another group of vessels that form the lymphatic system. Lymph moves through these vessels - a clear, yellowish liquid.

human lymphatic system

At the confluence of the lymphatic vessels are clusters of cells called lymph nodes, in which white blood cells are formed. These nodes are biological filters. In them, microbes are phagocytosed by leukocytes and other foreign substances that have entered the lymph from the tissues are retained.

Thus, we can distinguish the main functions of lymph:

• Return of tissue fluid to the circulatory system;
• production of leukocytes;
• filtering out bacteria and other foreign substances;
• absorption into the lymph of fats in the small intestine;
• maintaining the constancy of the internal environment;
• the return of protein substances from the tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

Differences from blood plasma

1. Collected on an empty stomach or after eating low-fat foods, it has a transparent color and differs from blood plasma in a lower protein content (4 times).
2. Emulsified fats are absorbed into the lymph from the human intestine, so after 6-8 hours after eating fatty foods, it becomes milky in color.
3. Also, unlike plasma, it has a lower viscosity and a low relative density.

Compound

The components of lymph include: proteins, mineral salts, formed elements (leukocytes), Hb, glucose. Among leukocytes, lymphocytes are predominant (up to 90%), monocytes account for 5%, eosinophils 2%. Erythrocytes are normally absent, but during radiation exposure or injury, when the permeability of the vascular wall increases or its integrity is disturbed, red cells can leave the blood into the lymph.

The composition of lymph in different organs is different, which depends on their functions and metabolic processes. For example, in the liver tissue, its composition contains an increased amount of protein, and it flows from the endocrine glands with hormones.

The process of lymph formation

It is characterized by the transition of water and substances dissolved in it from the bloodstream to the tissues, and then to the lymphatic vessels. The capillaries are equipped with a semipermeable vascular wall with ultramicroscopic pores through which filtration is carried out. The pores have different sizes in different organs, the highest permeability is observed in the liver, so about half of the lymph volume is formed here.

Water, dissolved salts, glucose, oxygen easily pass into the tissue fluid. This is due to increased intravascular pressure (hydrostatic). High-molecular substances (plasma proteins) are not able to penetrate the capillary wall, they maintain oncotic pressure and retain water in the channel.

The difference between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure gives the filtration pressure, which ensures the transition of water into the tissue fluid. Some of it goes back into the bloodstream, and some becomes lymph.

Mechanisms of regulation of lymph formation

In a healthy body, the formation of lymph and its outflow are effectively regulated by the autonomic nervous system and humoral factors. They affect blood pressure and regulate capillary permeability.

For example, epinephrine and norepinephrine increase pressure in the vessels, which increases the filtration processes and the release of fluid into the interstitial space.

Local regulation is carried out by tissue metabolites and biologically active substances that are secreted by cells.

The movement of lymph in the human body

Lymph diffuses from the tissue fluid into the lymphatic capillaries, which collect into small lymphatic vessels, which gradually form the lymphatic veins. The veins of the lymphatic system, like the blood veins, contain valves that ensure the movement of lymph to the heart.

From the left hand, the left side of the head, the ribs, the lymph through the lymphatic vessels enters directly into the thoracic duct, and then into the veins of the systemic circulation (superior vena cava). The right lymphatic duct receives lymph from the right arm, the right side of the head, the ribs, from which it passes into the right subclavian vein. Then, together with venous blood, the lymph flows into the right atrium.

Thus, the lymphatic system serves to return fluid from the intercellular space to the circulatory system, and therefore there are no lymphatic arteries.

The movement of lymph is carried out due to such processes:

1. Rhythmic contractions of the lymphatic vessels (about 10 per minute). Due to the presence of valves, current is only possible in one direction.
2. Sympathetic innervation of the walls of the lymphatic vessels, by spasm and relaxation of certain areas of them.
3. Facilitates the movement of intrathoracic pressure, which during inspiration becomes negative, the volume of the chest increases, which contributes to the expansion of the thoracic duct.
4. Walking, flexion and extension movements of the limbs. Up to 3 liters of lymph returns to the bloodstream per day.

Role in the human body