Social services for older people. Social services for the elderly and old people Institutions social services for the elderly

The social service system for elderly citizens and disabled people in the Russian Federation is a multicomponent structure, which includes social institutions and their divisions (services) that provide services to older people. Currently, it is customary to distinguish such forms of social services as stationary, semi-stationary, non-stationary social services and urgent social assistance.

For many years, the system of social services for older citizens was represented only by stationary social service institutions. It included boarding houses for the elderly and disabled people of general type and partially psychoneurological boarding schools. Psychoneurological boarding schools accommodate both disabled people of working age with corresponding pathologies, as well as older people in need of specialized psychiatric or psychoneurological care. State statistical reporting on psychoneurological boarding schools (form No. 3-social security) does not provide for the allocation of the number of persons over working age in their contingent. According to various estimates and research results, it can be judged that among those living in such institutions, there are up to 40~50% of elderly people with mental disorders.

From the late 80s - early 90s. last century, when in the country, against the background of the progressive aging of the population, the socio-economic situation of a significant part of the citizens, including the elderly, sharply worsened, there was an urgent need for a transition from the previous social security system to a new one - social protection system.

The experience of foreign countries has demonstrated the legitimacy of using, in order to ensure the full social functioning of the aging population, a system of non-stationary social services that are close to the permanent location of social networks familiar to older people and effectively promote the activity and healthy longevity of the older generation.

A favorable foundation for the implementation of this approach is the UN Principles adopted in relation to older people - “Making fuller lives for older people” (1991), as well as the recommendations of the Madrid International Plan of Action on Aging (2002). The age above the working age (old age, old age) is beginning to be considered by the world community as the third age (after childhood and maturity), which has its own merits. Elderly people can productively adapt to a change in their social status, and society is obliged to create the necessary conditions for this.

According to social gerontologists, one of the main factors for the successful social adaptation of older people is the preservation of their need for social activity, in developing a course for positive old age.

In solving the problem of creating conditions for the realization of the personal potential of older Russians, an important role is given to the development of the infrastructure of non-stationary social service institutions, which, along with the provision of medical, social, psychological, economic and other assistance, should provide support for leisure and other feasible socially oriented activities of older citizens, promote educational and educational work in their environment.

The formation of structures providing urgent social assistance and serving elderly people at home was promptly begun. Gradually they transformed into independent institutions - social service centers. Initially, the centers were created as social services providing home-based services, but social practice put forward new tasks and suggested appropriate forms of work. Semi-stationary social services began to be provided by day care departments, temporary residence departments, social rehabilitation departments and other structural units opened at social service centers.

The complexity of social services, the use of technologies and approaches that are necessary for a particular elderly person and available in the existing social conditions, have become characteristic features of the emerging system of social services for older people. All new services and their structural divisions were created as close as possible (in organizational and territorial terms) to older people. Unlike previous inpatient services, which were under the jurisdiction of regional social protection authorities, social service centers have both regional and municipal affiliation.

At the same time, the system of inpatient social services underwent transformations: the tasks of providing medical care and care were supplemented with the functions of preserving the social inclusion of older people, their active, active lifestyle; gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers and boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled people in need of high-level social and medical services and palliative care began to be created.

Through the efforts of local communities, as well as enterprises, organizations and individuals, small-capacity stationary social institutions are created - mini-boarding schools (mini-boarding houses), in which up to 50 elderly citizens from among local residents or former employees of this organization live. Some of these institutions operate in a semi-stationary mode - they accept elderly people mainly for the winter period, and in the warm season the residents return home to their garden plots.

In the 1990s. In the system of social protection of the population, sanatorium-resort-type institutions appeared - social health (social rehabilitation) centers, which were created primarily for economic reasons (sanatorium-resort vouchers and travel to the place of treatment are quite expensive). These institutions accept elderly citizens referred by social protection authorities for social, domestic and medical services, the courses of which are designed for

24-30 days. In a number of regions, such forms of work as “sanatorium at home” and “outpatient sanatorium” are carried out, which provide for the provision of medicinal treatment, necessary procedures, delivery of food to the elderly, veterans and disabled people at their place of residence, or the provision of these services in a clinic or in social service center.

Currently, the social protection system also has special homes for single elderly citizens, social canteens, social shops, social pharmacies and “Social Taxi” services.

Stationary social service institutions for the elderly and disabled. The network of inpatient social service institutions in Russia is represented by over 1,400 institutions, the vast majority of which (1,222) serve elderly citizens, including 685 boarding homes for the elderly and disabled people (of a general type), including 40 special institutions for the elderly and disabled people returning from places of serving sentences; 442 psychoneurological boarding schools; 71 boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled; 24 gerontological (gerontopsychiatric) centers.

Over ten years (since 2000), the number of inpatient social service institutions for the elderly and disabled has increased 1.3 times.

In general, among elderly people living in inpatient social service institutions there are more women (50.8%) than men. Noticeably more women live in gerontological centers (57.2%) and in charity homes (66.5%). In psychoneurological boarding schools, the proportion of women (40.7%) is significantly less. Apparently, women cope with social and everyday problems relatively easier against the backdrop of serious deterioration in health in old age and retain the ability to self-care longer.

A third of residents (33.9%) are on permanent bed rest in inpatient social service institutions. Since the life expectancy of older people in such institutions exceeds the average for this age category, many of them remain in a similar condition for several years, which worsens their quality of life and poses difficult challenges for the staff of boarding homes.

Currently, the law enshrines the right of every elderly person in need of constant care to receive inpatient social services. At the same time, there are no standards for the creation of boarding houses in certain areas. Institutions are located quite unevenly across the country and individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The dynamics of development of both the network of stationary social service institutions and their main types did not allow us to fully satisfy the needs of older citizens for stationary social services, or to eliminate the waiting list for placement in boarding homes, which in general has almost doubled over 10 years.

Thus, despite the increase in the number of inpatient social service institutions and the number of residents living in them, the scale of the need for relevant services is growing at a faster pace and the volume of unmet demand has increased.

As positive aspects of the dynamics of development of stationary social service institutions, one should indicate the improvement of living conditions in them by reducing the average number of inhabitants and increasing the area of ​​bedrooms per bed almost to sanitary standards. There has been a tendency to disaggregate existing inpatient social service institutions and improve the comfort of living in them. The noted dynamics are largely due to the expansion of the network of low-capacity boarding houses.

Over the past decade, specialized social service institutions have developed - gerontological centers and boarding houses of mercy for the elderly and disabled. They develop and test technologies and methods that correspond to the modern level of providing social services to the elderly and disabled. However, the pace of development of such institutions does not fully meet objective social needs.

In most regions of the country there are practically no gerontological centers, which is mainly due to existing contradictions in the legal and methodological support for the activities of these institutions. Until 2003, the Russian Ministry of Labor recognized only institutions with permanent residence facilities as gerontological centers. At the same time, the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (Article 17) does not include gerontological centers in the range of inpatient social service institutions (subclause 12, clause 1) and distinguishes them as an independent type of social service (subclause 13 item 1). In reality, various gerontological centers with differentiated types and forms of social services exist and operate successfully.

For example, Krasnoyarsk regional gerontological center “Uyut”, created on the basis of a sanatorium-preventorium, it provides rehabilitation and health-improving services to veterans using a form of semi-stationary service.

A similar approach is practiced along with scientific, organizational and methodological activities and Novosibirsk Regional Gerontological Center.

The functions of charity houses have largely been taken over by Gerontological Center “Ekaterinodar”(Krasnodar) and gerontological center in Surgut Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Practice shows that gerontological centers to a greater extent perform the tasks of care, provision of medical services and palliative care, more likely to be characteristic of compassionate homes. In the current situation, people on bed rest and in need of constant care make up almost half of all residents in gerontological centers, and over 30% in boarding homes specially designed to serve such a contingent.

Some gerontological centers, for example Gerontological Center “Peredelkino”(Moscow), Gerontological Center “Cherry”(Smolensk region), Gerontological Center “Sputnik”(Kurgan region), perform a number of functions that are not fully implemented by medical institutions, thereby satisfying the existing needs of older people for medical care. However, at the same time, the own functions and tasks of gerontological centers for which they are created may fade into the background.

Analysis of the activities of gerontological centers allows us to conclude that scientifically applied and methodological orientation should prevail in it. Such institutions are designed to contribute to the formation and implementation of scientifically based regional social policies regarding older people and people with disabilities. There is no need to open many gerontological centers. It is enough to have one such institution, under the jurisdiction of the regional social protection body, in each subject of the Russian Federation. The provision of routine social services, including care, should be provided by specially designated general boarding houses, psychoneurological boarding schools and houses of mercy.

So far, without serious methodological support from the federal center, the heads of territorial bodies of social protection of the population are in no hurry to create specialized institutions, preferring, if necessary, to open gerontological (usually gerontopsychiatric) departments and mercy departments in already existing inpatient social service institutions.

Non-stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services for the elderly and disabled. The vast majority of older people and disabled people prefer and receive social services in the forms of non-stationary (home-based) and semi-stationary social services, as well as urgent social assistance. The number of elderly people served outside of inpatient institutions is over 13 million people (about 45% of the country’s total elderly population). The number of older citizens living at home and receiving various types of services from social-gerontological services exceeds the number of elderly residents of inpatient social service institutions by almost 90 times.

The main type of non-stationary social protection services in the municipal sector are social service centers, implementing non-stationary, semi-stationary forms of social services for elderly and disabled citizens and urgent social assistance.

From 1995 to the present, the number of social service centers has increased almost 20 times. In modern conditions, there is a relatively low growth rate of the network of social service centers (less than 5% per year). The main reason is that municipalities lack the necessary financial resources and material resources. To a certain extent, for the same reason, existing social service centers began to be transformed into comprehensive social service centers for the population, providing a range of social services to all categories of low-income and socially vulnerable citizens.

In itself, the quantitative reduction in the network of social service centers is not necessarily an alarming phenomenon. Perhaps the institutions were opened without proper justification, and the population of the respective regions does not need their services. Perhaps the absence of centers or a reduction in their number when there is a need for their services is due to subjective reasons (the use of a social service model that differs from the generally accepted one, or the lack of necessary financial resources).

There are no calculations of the population’s need for the services of social service centers, there are only guidelines: each municipality must have at least one social service center for elderly and disabled citizens (or a comprehensive social service center for the population).

Accelerating the development of centers is possible only with high interest from government agencies and appropriate financial support from municipalities, which today seems unrealistic. But it is possible to change the guidelines when determining the need for social service centers from the municipality to the number of elderly people and disabled people in need of social services.

Home-based form of social service. This form, preferred by older people, is most effective in terms of the “resources-results” ratio. Home-based social services for the elderly and disabled are implemented through social service departments at home And specialized departments of social and medical care at home, which are most often structural divisions of social service centers. Where there are no such centers, departments operate as part of social protection authorities and, less often, within the structure of stationary social service institutions.

Specialized departments of social and medical care at home are developing quite quickly, providing differentiated medical and other services. The share of persons served by these departments in the total number of people served by all departments of home care for the elderly and disabled since the 90s. last century increased more than 4 times.

Despite the significant development of the network of the branches in question, the number of elderly and disabled people registered and waiting their turn to be accepted for home-based services is declining slowly.

A serious problem of social services at home remains the organization of the provision of social and socio-medical services to elderly people living in rural areas, especially in remote and sparsely populated villages. In the country as a whole, the share of clients of social service departments in rural areas is less than half, of clients of social and medical service departments - a little more than a third. These indicators correspond to the settlement structure (ratio of urban and rural population) of the Russian Federation; there is even some excess in services provided to the rural population. At the same time, services to the rural population are difficult to organize; they are the most labor-intensive. Social service institutions in rural areas have to provide heavy work - digging up gardens, delivering fuel.

Against the backdrop of the widespread closure of rural medical institutions, the most alarming situation seems to be the organization of home-based social and medical services for elderly villagers. A number of traditionally agricultural territories (Republic of Adygea, Udmurt Republic, Belgorod, Volgograd, Kaluga, Kostroma, Lipetsk regions), although there are departments of social and medical services, do not provide rural residents with this type of service.

Semi-stationary form of social service. This form is presented in social service centers by day care departments, temporary residence departments and social rehabilitation departments. At the same time, not all social service centers have these structural units.

In the mid-90s. last century, the network developed at a rapid pace temporary residence departments, since, given the large waiting list for state inpatient social service institutions, there was an urgent need to find an alternative option.

Over the past five years, the growth rate in the number day care departments decreased noticeably.

Against the backdrop of a decline in the development of day care departments and temporary residence departments, the activities of social rehabilitation departments. Although their growth rate is not very high, the number of clients they serve is growing quite significantly (doubling over the last ten years).

The average capacity of the units under consideration practically did not change and amounted to an average of 27 places for the year for day care departments, 21 places for temporary residence departments, and 17 places for social rehabilitation departments.

Urgent social assistance. The most massive form of social support for the population in modern conditions is urgent social services. The corresponding departments operate mainly in the structure of social service centers; there are such divisions (services) in the social protection authorities. It is difficult to obtain accurate information about the organizational basis on which this type of assistance is provided; separate statistical data does not exist.

According to operational data (there are no official statistics) obtained from a number of regions, up to 93% of recipients of urgent social assistance are elderly and disabled.

Social and health centers. Every year, social and health centers occupy an increasingly prominent place in the structure of gerontological services. The base for them most often becomes former sanatoriums, rest homes, boarding houses and pioneer camps, which for various reasons repurpose the direction of their activities.

There are 60 social and health centers operating in the country.

The undisputed leaders in the development of a network of social health centers are the Krasnodar Territory (9), the Moscow Region (7) and the Republic of Tatarstan (4). In many regions such centers have not yet been created. Basically, such institutions are concentrated in the Southern (19), Central and Volga (14 each) federal districts. There is not a single social and health center in the Far Eastern Federal District.

Social assistance for elderly people without a fixed place of residence. According to operational data from the regions, up to 30% of elderly people are registered among persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation. In this regard, social assistance institutions for this population group also deal with gerontological problems to some extent.

Currently, there are over 100 institutions for persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation in the country with more than 6 thousand beds. The number of persons served by institutions of these types increases quite noticeably from year to year.

Social services provided to older people and people with disabilities in such institutions are complex in nature - it is not enough to simply provide care, social services, treatment and social and medical services. Sometimes elderly people and disabled people with severe psychoneurological pathology do not remember their name or place of origin. It is necessary to restore the social and often legal status of clients, many of whom have lost their documents, do not have permanent housing and therefore have nowhere to send them. Persons of retirement age, as a rule, are registered for permanent residence in boarding homes or psychoneurological boarding schools. Some older citizens of this group are capable of social rehabilitation, restore their work skills or acquire new skills. Such people are provided with assistance in obtaining housing and work.

Special houses for lonely elderly people. Lonely elderly people can be helped through system of special houses, the organizational and legal status of which remains controversial. In state statistical reporting, special houses are taken into account together with non-stationary and semi-permanent structures. Moreover, they are more likely not institutions, but a type of housing in which only older people live under agreed conditions. Social services can be created at special houses and even branches (departments) of social service centers can be located.

The number of people living in special residential buildings, despite the unstable development of their network, is slowly but steadily growing.

Most special homes for single elderly citizens are low-capacity homes (less than 25 residents). Most of them are located in rural areas, only 193 special houses (26.8%) are located in urban areas.

Small special houses do not have social services, but their residents, like older citizens living in other types of houses, can receive services from social and socio-medical services at home.

Not all subjects of the Russian Federation have special houses yet. Their absence to some extent, although not in all regions, is compensated by the allocation social apartments, the number of which is over 4 thousand, more than 5 thousand people live in them. More than a third of people living in social apartments receive social and socio-medical services at home.

Other forms of social assistance for the elderly. The activities of the social service system for older citizens and disabled people, with certain reservations, include: providing elderly people with free food and essential goods at affordable prices.

Share social canteens in the total number of public catering establishments engaged in organizing free meals is 19.6%. They serve about half a million people.

In the social protection system, the network is successfully developing social stores and departments. Over 800 thousand people are attached to them, which is almost one third of the people served by all specialized stores and departments (sections).

Most social canteens and social shops are part of the structure of social service centers or comprehensive social service centers for the population. The rest are managed by social protection authorities or social support funds for the population.

Statistical indicators of the activities of these structures are characterized by significant scattering, and in some regions, the information presented is incorrect.

Despite the increase in the number of citizens living in inpatient institutions and receiving services at home, the need of older people for social services is increasing.

The development of the social service system for the population in all its diversity of organizational forms and types of services provided reflects the desire to meet the various needs of older citizens and disabled people in need of care. The full satisfaction of justified social needs is hampered, first of all, by the lack of resources in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities. In addition, a number of subjective reasons should be indicated (methodological and organizational inadequacy of some types of social services, lack of a consistent ideology, a unified approach to the implementation of social services).

• Tomilin M.A. The place and role of social services in modern conditions as one of the most important components of social protection of the population // Social services of the population. 2010. No. 12.S. 8-9.

In the Russian Federation, as throughout the world, there is a trend of population aging. According to the UN Population Division, in developed countries the proportion of older people will increase from 21 to 28% by 2050. In Russia, by 2010, the share of people of retirement age already exceeds one third.

In this regard, in modern conditions, institutions of social services for older people and interdepartmental work on organizing social support for this group of the population are becoming important. This is due not only to an increase in the proportion of older people in the population, but also to the solution of problems arising from this phenomenon: changes in the social status of a person in old age, cessation or limitation of work, transformation of value guidelines, the very way of life and communication, as well as the emergence of various difficulties both in social and everyday life and in psychological adaptation to new conditions, which dictates the need to develop and implement specific approaches, forms and methods of social work with pensioners and older people.

Social services for older people are carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the International Labor Organization.

Personal dignity is the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support.

Freedom of choice - every elderly person has the right to choose between being kept at home and living in a shelter, temporary or permanent.

Coordination of assistance - assistance provided by various social bodies must be proactive, coordinated and consistent.

Individualization of assistance - assistance is provided, first of all, to the elderly citizen himself, taking into account his environment.

Eliminating the gap between sanitary and social care - given the priority nature of the health criterion, the level of financial assistance cannot depend on the standard of living and place of residence.

The regulatory framework for social work with older people in the Russian Federation is the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” (dated December 10, 1995), according to which the scope of social services provided to older people includes: social household, social-medical, psychological-pedagogical, social-legal services; material assistance and social adaptation and rehabilitation of older people.

At the initial stages of the development of the social assistance system for older people, social workers focused on solving such urgent problems as organizing food, medical services, housing, and material support in order to create normal living conditions for them.

At the present stage, the organization of assistance to older people, along with the solution of these traditional social problems, involves the development of social technologies, the introduction of which will help resolve issues related to psychological difficulties that arise in older people in the process of communication or due to loneliness, as well as socio-psychological problems - how older people perceive other age groups, what are their social problems, their relationships with people around them, the role and status of older people in the family and society, etc.

It should be noted that there are different categories of older people. Among them there are people:

Not in need of help;

Partially disabled;

In need of service;

Requiring constant care, etc.

As a rule, social assistance, rehabilitation, and correction programs are developed depending on the membership of a particular category of older people. This is also related to the use of various principles, methods, and techniques for working with clients.

The basic principles of working with older people are respect and interest in the client’s personality, emphasis on the need and usefulness of his experience and knowledge to the people around him. It is important to perceive an elderly person not only as an object, but also as a subject of social work. This should help find and develop their internal reserves that promote self-realization, self-support and self-defense. An important role is played by the professional competence of the social worker, which includes knowledge of the gerontological and psychological characteristics of age, taking into account the client’s belonging to a particular social group.

Help for the elderly is provided by social protection authorities through their departments, which identify and monitor, provide various types of social support, offer and provide paid services. Social services are provided by decision of social protection bodies in institutions subordinate to them or under agreements concluded by social protection bodies with social service institutions of other forms of ownership.

The following institutions perform the function of social protection and assistance:

Boarding houses;

Day and night departments;

Special homes for single elderly people;

Hospitals and departments for chronically ill patients;

Hospitals of various types;

Territorial social service centers;

Social assistance departments at home;

Gerontological centers, etc.

The basic scheme for the functioning of social services for the elderly can be presented as follows:

In the system of inpatient institutions of the Russian Federation, a relatively new element is special houses for the permanent residence of single elderly people and married couples who have retained full or partial ability for self-care in everyday life and need appropriate conditions for self-realization of basic life needs.

The approximate Regulations on a special house for such pensioners (approved by order of the Ministry of Social Protection of Russia dated April 14, 1994 No. 47) lists its functions:

Providing favorable conditions for living and self-service;

Providing permanent social, domestic and medical care to elderly residents;

Creating conditions for maintaining an active lifestyle, including feasible work activity.

From the point of view of architecture and layout, special houses must correspond to the age characteristics of the living population of citizens. Such a house consists of one - two-room apartments, includes a complex of social services: a medical office, a library and a room for club work, a dining room (buffet), points for ordering food products, handing over things to the laundry and dry cleaning, as well as premises for work, etc.

The special house is equipped with small-scale mechanization facilities that facilitate self-service for the elderly citizens living in it, and it also has a 24-hour control center, provided with internal communications with all residential premises and external telephone communications.

Medical care for citizens living in a special house is provided by relevant specialists from territorial treatment and preventive institutions.

Based on current legislation, citizens living in such houses are paid a full pension. They have the right to priority referral to inpatient institutions of social protection authorities.

The organization of special homes for single elderly people and elderly couples is one of the promising ways to solve a whole range of social problems of pensioners and senior citizens.

ANO SPO "OMSK COLLEGE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND LAW"

Cyclic commission of management and legal disciplines

COURSE WORK

in the discipline "Social Security Law"

Topic: “Social services for disabled and elderly citizens”

Completed:

student of group YUS3-29

Donov Dmitry Igorevich

Supervisor:

Smirnova Irina Vladimirovna

Defense date_______________ Rating______________

Introduction

Chapter 1. Social services for the disabled and elderly

1.1 Basic provisions of social services for the disabled and elderly

1.2 Rights of disabled people and elderly people in the field of social services

1.3 Types of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

1.3.1 Social services at home

1.3.2 Semi-stationary social services

1.3.3. Inpatient social services

1.3.4 Urgent social services

1.3.5 Social advisory assistance

Chapter 2. Judicial practice

Conclusion

List of sources used

Applications

INTRODUCTION

The relevance of my course work is due, first of all, to the fact that in the modern world the proportion of elderly and disabled people in the population is gradually growing; similar trends are characteristic of our country. Their income is well below average and their health and social care needs are much higher.

Disability and old age are not only a problem for the individual, but also for the state and society as a whole. This category of citizens urgently needs not only social protection, but also an understanding of their problems on the part of the people around them, which will be expressed not in elementary pity, but in human sympathy and equal treatment of them as fellow citizens.

The development of social services for the elderly and disabled in our country is given increasing importance every year; it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to cash payments, which significantly increases the efficiency of the entire state social security system.

The state, providing social protection for disabled people and elderly citizens, is called upon to create for them the necessary conditions for individual development, the realization of creative and productive opportunities and abilities by taking into account their needs. Today, this circle of people belongs to the most socially vulnerable categories of the population.

The possibility of meeting the needs of an elderly person and a disabled person becomes real when he is endowed with the legal right to demand from the relevant competent authority the provision of a particular benefit, and this body is legally obliged to provide such a benefit.

The purpose of the study is to consider the forms and methods of organizing social services for the disabled and elderly, to achieve which the following tasks are set:

1. clarify the concept of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly;

2. consider disabled people and elderly citizens as subjects of social services;

3. reveal the rights of disabled people and elderly people in the field of social services;

4. determine the essence, forms and methods of social services for the disabled and elderly;

5. identify the main problems of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly;

The object of the study is legal norms aimed at social services for disabled people and the elderly.

The subject of the research is social services for the disabled and the elderly.

The research method is the study and research of special scientific literature, regulations, and judicial practice.

CHAPTER 1. SOCIAL SERVICES FOR DISABLED AND ELDERLY PERSONS

1.1 Basic provisions of social services for the disabled and elderly

An integral element of the state social security system in the Russian Federation is social services for the elderly and disabled, which includes various types of social services aimed at meeting the special needs of this category of people. Currently, the state is making great efforts to create a comprehensive system of social services for the population and allocate financial resources for its development.

Social services are the activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, socio-legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.

For the first time in domestic legislation, the concept of such a socially significant circumstance as a difficult life situation has been formulated.

1) Targeting. Providing personalized information to a specific person. Work to identify and create a data bank of such persons is carried out by local social protection authorities at the place of residence of the disabled and elderly.

2) Availability. The opportunity is provided for free and partially paid social services that are included in the federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services. Their quality, volume, procedure and conditions of provision must comply with state standards established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Reducing their volume at the territorial level is not allowed.

3) Voluntariness. Social services are provided on the basis of a voluntary application from a citizen, his guardian, trustee, other legal representative, government body, local government body or public association. At any time, a citizen can refuse to receive social services.

4) Humanity. Citizens living in inpatient institutions have the right to freedom from punishment. The use of drugs, physical restraints, or isolation for the purpose of punishment or to create convenience for personnel is not permitted. Persons who commit these violations bear disciplinary, administrative or criminal liability.

5) Confidentiality. Personal information that becomes known to employees of a social service institution during the provision of social services constitutes a professional secret. Employees guilty of disclosing it bear liability established by law.

6) Preventive focus. One of the main goals of social services is the prevention of negative consequences that arise in connection with a citizen’s life situation (impoverishment, exacerbation of diseases, homelessness, loneliness, and so on)

Lists of social services are determined taking into account the subjects for whom they are intended. The federal list of state-guaranteed social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, provided by state and municipal social service institutions, was approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 25, 1995 No. 1151. On its basis, territorial lists are developed. Financing of services included in the lists is carried out from the corresponding budgets.

Control over the provision of social services is carried out by social protection authorities, health authorities, and educational authorities within the limits of their competence.

Public control is exercised by public associations that, in accordance with the constituent documents, deal with issues of protecting the interests of elderly citizens, disabled people, and people with mental disorders. One of such associations is the Independent Psychiatric Association of Russia

Supervision of compliance with the law in this area is carried out by the prosecutor's office, whose assistance should be the most prompt.

Actions or inaction of government bodies, institutions, organizations and officials that resulted in violations of citizens' rights may be appealed in court.

1.2 Rights of disabled people and elderly people in the field of social services

When receiving social services, elderly and disabled citizens have the right to:

Respectful and humane attitude on the part of employees of social service institutions;

Selecting an institution and form of social services in the manner established by the social protection authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

Information about your rights, obligations, conditions for the provision of social services, types and forms of social services, indications for receiving social services, conditions for their payment;

Voluntary consent to social services (in relation to incompetent citizens, consent is given by their guardians, and in their temporary absence - by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities);

Refusal of social services;

Confidentiality of personal information that becomes known to an employee of a social service institution during the provision of social services (such information constitutes a professional secret of these employees);

Protection of your rights and legitimate interests, including in court.

The list of state-guaranteed social services is approved by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the needs of the population living on the territory of the corresponding constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

Information about social services is provided by social workers directly to elderly citizens and disabled people, and in relation to persons under 14 years of age and persons declared incompetent - to their legal representatives. Citizens sent to stationary or semi-stationary social service institutions, as well as their legal representatives, must be previously familiarized with the conditions of residence or stay in these institutions and the types of services provided by them.

In case of refusal of social services, citizens, as well as their legal representatives, are explained the possible consequences of their decision. Refusal of social services, which may lead to a deterioration in the health of citizens or a threat to their lives, is formalized by a written statement from citizens or their legal representatives confirming receipt of information about the consequences of such refusal.

1.3 Types of social services for people with disabilities and the elderly

1.3.1 Social services at home

Social services at home are one of the main forms of social services, aimed at maximizing the possible extension of the stay of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in their usual social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their rights and legitimate interests.

Contraindications for admission to service are: mental illness in the acute stage, chronic alcoholism, venereal, quarantine infectious diseases, bacterial carriage, active forms of tuberculosis, as well as other serious diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare institutions.

Based on documents submitted by citizens or their legal representatives (application, medical report, income certificate), as well as a material and living examination report, the Commission for Assessing the Need for Social Services makes a decision on acceptance for service.

Home care is provided through the provision of paid social services included in the federal and territorial lists of state-guaranteed social services provided by government agencies, as well as additional social services not included in these lists. These services are performed by a social worker who visits the person being served.

An agreement for the provision of social services at home is concluded with the person being served or his legal representative, which specifies the types and volume of services provided, the time frame within which they must be provided, the procedure and amount of payment, as well as other conditions determined by the parties.

In accordance with the federal list of services, these institutions provide the following types of services:

1) services for organizing catering, everyday life and leisure (purchase and home delivery of food, hot lunches), assistance in preparing food; purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods, water delivery; heating stoves, handing over things for washing and dry cleaning; assistance in organizing repairs and cleaning of residential premises; assistance in paying for housing and utilities; assistance in organizing leisure time, etc.;

2) socio-medical and sanitary-hygienic services (providing care taking into account the state of health, assistance in providing medical care, conducting medical and social examinations, rehabilitation measures, assistance in providing medications); assistance in obtaining prosthetic care;

3) assistance in obtaining education for people with disabilities;

4) assistance in employment;

5) legal services;

6) assistance in organizing funeral services.

Citizens may be provided with other (additional) services, but on the basis of full or partial payment for all categories of citizens in need of social services. These additional services provided to citizens at home include:

1) monitoring of health status;

2) provision of emergency first aid;

3) performing medical procedures;

4) provision of sanitary and hygienic services;

5) feeding weakened patients;

6) carrying out sanitary educational work.

1.3.2 Semi-stationary social services

Semi-stationary social services include: social, medical and cultural services for the disabled and elderly, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining an active lifestyle.

Recipients of public services can be persons who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, and who simultaneously meet the following conditions:

1) having citizenship of the Russian Federation, and for foreign citizens and stateless persons - having a residence permit;

2) presence of registration at the place of residence, and in the absence of the latter - registration at the place of stay;

3) presence of disability or reaching old age (women - 55 years, men - 60 years);

4) the absence of diseases that are medical contraindications to semi-stationary social services in day care units.

The decision to enroll in semi-stationary social services is made by the head of a social service institution on the basis of a personal written application from an elderly or disabled citizen and a certificate from a health care institution about his state of health.

Semi-stationary social services are provided by day (night) departments created in municipal social service centers or under social protection authorities.

For persons without a fixed place of residence and occupation, the system of social protection authorities creates special institutions of a semi-permanent type - night houses, social shelters, social hotels, social centers. These institutions provide:

Coupons for one-time (once a day) free food;

First aid;

Personal hygiene items, sanitary treatment;

Referral for treatment;

Assistance in providing prosthetics;

Registration in a boarding house;

Assistance in registration and recalculation of pensions;

Assistance in employment, in the preparation of identity documents;

Assistance in obtaining a medical insurance policy;

Providing comprehensive assistance (advice on legal issues, household services, etc.)

Contraindications for admission to full-time care:

Elderly citizens and disabled people who are bacteria or virus carriers, or if they have chronic alcoholism, quarantine infectious diseases, active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare institutions, may be denied social services .

1.3.3 Inpatient social services

Inpatient social services for disabled and elderly people held in social protection institutions have the following features:

Inpatient social services are provided in boarding homes for the elderly and disabled, boarding homes for the disabled, and psychoneurological boarding schools.

Citizens of retirement age (women over 55 years old, men over 60 years old), as well as disabled people of groups I and II over 18 years old, are accepted into boarding homes, provided that they do not have able-bodied children or parents obligated to support them;

Only disabled people of groups I and II aged 18 to 40 who do not have able-bodied children and parents obligated by law to support them are accepted into boarding homes for the disabled;

The children's boarding home accepts children from 4 to 18 years old with mental or physical development abnormalities. At the same time, it is not allowed to place disabled children with physical disabilities in inpatient institutions intended for the residence of children with mental disorders;

The psychoneurological boarding house accepts persons suffering from chronic mental illnesses who need care, household services and medical assistance, regardless of whether they have relatives who are legally obligated to support them or not;

Persons who systematically violate internal regulations, as well as persons from among especially dangerous criminals, as well as those involved in vagrancy and begging, are sent to special boarding houses;

Inpatient institutions provide not only care and necessary medical assistance, but also rehabilitation measures of a medical, social, domestic and medical-labor nature;

An application for admission to a boarding home, along with a medical card, is submitted to a higher-level social security organization, which issues a voucher to the boarding home. If a person is incapacitated, then his placement in a stationary institution is carried out on the basis of a written application from his legal representative;

If necessary, with the permission of the director of the boarding home, a pensioner or disabled person may temporarily leave the social service institution for a period of up to 1 month. A permit for temporary departure is issued taking into account a doctor’s opinion, as well as a written commitment from relatives or other persons to provide care for an elderly or disabled person.

1.3.4 Urgent social services

Urgent social services are provided to provide one-time emergency assistance to disabled people in dire need of social support.

The following can apply for help: unemployed singles and low-income pensioners and disabled people living alone; families consisting of pensioners, in the absence of able-bodied family members, if the average per capita income for the billing period is below the pensioner’s subsistence level, which changes quarterly; citizens who have lost close relatives and do not have a former place of work to prepare documents for receiving funeral benefits.

The person applying for help must have the following documents: passport, pension certificate, work book, certificate of disability (for citizens with disabilities), certificate of family composition, certificate of pension amount for the last three months.

Urgent social services include the following social services from those provided for in the federal list of state-guaranteed social services:

1) one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need;

2) provision of clothing, shoes and other essential items;

3) one-time provision of financial assistance;

4) assistance in obtaining temporary living quarters;

5)organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served;

6) organizing emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes;

7) other urgent social services.

Urgent social services are provided by municipal social service centers or departments created for these purposes under the social protection authorities.

1.3.5 Social advisory assistance

Social advisory assistance to people with disabilities is aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, as well as ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state.

Social advisory assistance to people with disabilities is focused on their psychological support, increased efforts in solving their own problems and provides for:

Identification of persons in need of social advisory assistance;

Prevention of various kinds of socio-psychological deviations;

Working with families in which disabled people live, organizing their leisure time;

Advisory assistance in training, vocational guidance and employment of people with disabilities;

Ensuring coordination of the activities of government agencies and public associations to solve the problems of people with disabilities;

Legal assistance within the competence of social service authorities;

Other measures to form healthy relationships and create a favorable social environment for people with disabilities.

The organization and coordination of social advisory assistance is carried out by municipal social service centers, as well as social protection authorities, which create appropriate units for these purposes.

CHAPTER 2. JUDICIAL PRACTICE

The relevance of disputes in the field of social services does not decrease; the problem of protecting the rights of disabled people and elderly citizens still remains acute because In our modern society, the issue of law enforcement is quite acute, since today the rights and legitimate interests of disabled people and elderly citizens are very often violated.

And there is also another problem: modern Russian legislation in the field of social services and the elderly is extremely mobile and needs significant changes and additions.

Let's consider judicial practice to protect the violated rights of a disabled child.

Romanova L.V., being the legal representative of her daughter - Romanova L.S., born in 1987, appealed on October 19, 2000 to the Leninsky District Court of Vladimir with a complaint against the actions of the department of social protection of the population of the Vladimir region, which refused to pay her disabled child Romanova L.S. compensation for transportation costs provided for in clause 8 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”. Since Romanova was asked to collect the said compensation in her favor, with her consent, her claims were considered in the lawsuit proceedings and the Main Financial Directorate of the Administration of the Vladimir Region and the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation were brought into the case as co-defendants.

Romanova did not appear at the court hearing and asked to consider the case in her absence with the participation of her representative. Earlier in the court hearing, she explained that her daughter is seriously ill, is disabled and has suffered from musculoskeletal disorders since childhood and cannot move without assistance. Due to the need for treatment, she has to take her child by taxi to hospitals because... She does not have her own transport. Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” came into force on January 1, 1997, and from that moment on, her daughters were required to receive compensation for transportation expenses as a disabled person who had medical indications for the provision of special vehicles, but did not receive it. Her repeated appeals to the Department of Social Protection of the Population were answered with a refusal to pay compensation, which Romanova considers illegal. The amount of compensation is considered to be equal to 1997. – 998 rub. 40 kopecks, and 1998 –1179 rub. for 1999 - 835 rubles, for three quarters of 2000. - 629 rub. 40 kopecks since such amounts were paid to disabled people of the Great Patriotic War, and in relation to disabled children, the amount of compensation has not been determined to date. In total, for the period from January 1, 1997 to October 19, 2000, he asks to recover 3,641 rubles.

Romanova's representative is A.S. Feofilaktov supported the claim at the court hearing and explained that her daughter, in accordance with the List of categories of disabled people for whom modifications of means of transport communications and information technology are necessary, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 1993 No. 1188, needs an individual vehicle because she suffers corresponding disease. Based on clause 5 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”, she should be provided with special vehicles, but since she was not provided with it, in accordance with clause 8 of the same article, she should be paid compensation. The amount and procedure for payment, which the Government has not established, although the article came into force on January 1, 1997. Considers it necessary to apply the direct effect of the law, as well as in accordance with Art. Art. 1, 10 of the Civil Procedure Code of the RSFSR, by analogy with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 1999 No. 1254, the Order of the Head of the Administration of the Vladimir Region dated September 28, 1995 No. 1120-r, which established similar compensation for disabled people of the Second World War.

Representative of the defendant Department of Social Protection of the Population - N.V. Golubeva did not recognize the claim, explaining that Romanova’s child does not have the right to this compensation because is a “disabled child”, and clause 8 of Art. 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” speaks of “disabled people”. She explained to the court that, according to Government Decree No. 544 of August 3, 1992, Romanova’s child is not provided with special vehicles due to the fact that she has contraindications to driving them for health reasons. In addition, Romanova’s child, according to the conclusion of a medical and social examination, does not need a special vehicle, but a motorized stroller, which is not one. He also believes that the controversial compensation should not be paid to disabled children due to the fact that the Government has not developed a procedure for providing this benefit. Believes that the Department of Social Protection of the Population is not an appropriate defendant in the case because does not make payments to disabled people. At the request of the court, a calculation of compensation for transport expenses was presented based on the amount established for disabled people of the Great Patriotic War.

Representative of the Main Financial Directorate V.E. Shchelkov did not recognize the claim, supporting the arguments of the representative of the Department of Social Protection of the Population, and also explained that the Main Financial Directorate did not provide funds to pay compensation to disabled people. Previously, compensation for transportation costs to disabled people of the Great Patriotic War was paid at the expense of the regional budget; now these powers have been transferred to the federal budget; the obligation of the Main Financial Directorate to pay this compensation is not provided for by legal acts. Considers the Main Financial Administration to be an improper defendant in the case.

Representative of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation - Head of the Department of Legal Support of the Federal Treasury Department for the Vladimir Region O.I. Matvienko did not recognize the claim by proxy. She explained that the budget does not provide funds for the payment of compensation that Romanova is claiming, since the Government of the Russian Federation has not developed the procedure and conditions for her appointment. He also asks the court to apply Article 129 of the Federal Law “On the Federal Budget for 2000”, as well as Article 239 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, according to which laws that are not funded are not subject to execution. In addition, he supports the arguments of representatives of the Department of Social Protection of the Population and the Main Financial Directorate, and considers the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation to be an improper defendant, since it was not authorized to pay the specified compensation to disabled children.

Having heard the explanations of the parties and studied the case materials, the court finds the claim subject to satisfaction in part for the following reasons.

Romanova’s child is disabled from childhood and suffers from musculoskeletal disorders, which is confirmed by the conclusion of a medical and social examination dated July 1, 1997. By virtue of clause 5 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation,” her child must be provided with special vehicles, but at the time of consideration of the dispute, L.S. Romanova’s vehicle was not provided and, upon application, she was put on the waiting list of the Department of Social Protection population as in need of special vehicles, in connection with which she, as a disabled person, should be paid compensation for transportation costs. According to the documents presented to the court, Romanova’s daughter repeatedly underwent treatment in various medical institutions in the region and beyond, and therefore she incurred additional expenses for taxi travel; a cost estimate was presented, although evidence of payment was not provided by her, since she used private taxis . The argument of the representative of the Department of Social Protection of the Population that Romanova does not fall under clause 8 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” since she is a disabled child and not a disabled person is not accepted by the court because, according to Art. 1 of the same law, a disabled person is recognized as a person suffering from a severe form of illness as a result of which he needs social protection, without indicating his age, and disabled children are a separate category of disabled people.

The argument that Romanova’s daughter needs not a vehicle, but a motorized stroller, is also untenable. she is entitled to special vehicles according to clause 5 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”, and a motorized wheelchair is assigned on the basis of a letter from the Ministry of Social Protection dated 05.29.87 No. 1-61-11, which since the entry into force of the Federal Law “On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation" can only be applied to the extent that does not contradict this law. For the same reason, the court considers the defendant’s argument that Romanova was not entitled to motor transport in accordance with the Government Decree of August 3, 1992 to be unfounded. No. 544 because according to the specified norm of the law, disabled children are provided with vehicles with the right to drive by their parents.

The defendants’ argument that the claim should be rejected due to the lack of an established procedure for providing disabled people with compensation for travel expenses (which is provided for in paragraph 9 of Article 30 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”) is untenable, since the law has a direct valid and entered into force on January 1, 1997, with the exception of articles the terms of introduction of which are specifically specified (Article 35 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”). In addition, Article 36 of the Federal Law “On Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” requires the Government to bring its legal acts into compliance with this law. However, the court found that there is currently no government act on the procedure and amount of the above compensation. Based on the fact that, in accordance with Article 18 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights are directly applicable, the court believes that Romanova’s demands should be satisfied with the involvement in accordance with Article 10 (paragraph 4) of the Civil Procedure Code of the RSFSR by analogy of legal acts on the payment of similar compensation for other categories of disabled people, namely the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 14, 1999. No. 1254, as well as the Order of the Head of the Administration of the Vladimir Region dated September 28, 1995. No. 1120-R. The analogy is applied as follows: 1. Romanova’s compensation is assigned from the moment she applies to the social security authorities to be provided with special vehicles or appropriate compensation, i.e., from 1.07.97; 2. The amount of compensation is determined based on the amount of the same compensation for disabled people during the Great Patriotic War, that is, in 1997. based on 14 minimum pensions per year (indicated order) in the third quarter - 69 rubles. 58 kopecks * 3.5 = 243 rubles. 53kop. in the fourth quarter - 76 rubles. 53 kopecks * 3.5 = 267 rubles. 86kop.; in 1998, from the same calculation, 84 rubles. 19 kopecks * 14 = 1179 rubles; in 1999 according to the specified resolution 835 rubles; for three quarters of 2000 at the rate of 835 rubles. per year – 626 rubles. 25kop. The total amount is 3,151 rubles 64 kopecks. The calculation data is confirmed by the calculation presented by the Department of Social Protection of the Population.

The argument of the representative of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation that the claim should be rejected on the basis of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and the Federal Law “On the Federal Budget for 2000” is not accepted by the court because in such an interpretation, these documents limit the rights of citizens to receive social benefits and contradict Art. Art. 2, 18, 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Since in accordance with Art. 48 of the Civil Procedure Code of the RSFSR, the rights and legally protected interests of minors are protected by their parents, the court considers compensation to be recovered in favor of Lyubov Veniaminovna Romanova, since she is the legal representative of her daughter Lydia Sergeevna Romanova.

Based on the above, guided by Art. Art. 191 – 197 of the Civil Procedure Code of the RSFSR, the court decided:

1. partially satisfy the claims of Lyubov Veniaminovna Romanova;

2. to recover from the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation at the expense of the treasury of the Russian Federation in favor of Romanova Lyubov Veniaminovna as compensation for the travel expenses of her disabled minor daughter for the period from 07/1/1997 to 10/19/2000 3,151 rubles 64 kopecks.

3. refuse to satisfy the claim against the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Vladimir Region and the Main Financial Directorate of the Administration of the Vladimir Region.

4. Expenses for state duty shall be charged to the state account.

An analysis of practice shows that, in general, disputes in this category are resolved correctly. The decisions made generally meet the requirements of Art. 196-198 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the courts correctly apply the norms of substantive law, but it should also be noted that some mistakes are made from year to year, which indicates that judges do not carefully follow the established judicial practice. The subject of proof is not always correctly determined, and the circumstances relevant to the case are not fully established. Mistakes are also made in the application and interpretation of substantive law.

CONCLUSION

The goals and objectives set in my course work were fully achieved and researched.

From everything stated in my coursework, we can conclude that the most important task of the state at the present stage is to create an effective system of social services as a set of services to various categories of the population located in the social risk zone.

Social services are designed to help clients solve their social problems, restore or strengthen their ability to be self-sufficient and self-service, and create the necessary conditions for the viability of persons with disabilities.

The main goal of forming this system is to increase the level of social guarantees, provide targeted assistance and support to disabled citizens, primarily at the territorial level and taking into account new social guarantees.

For more efficient work of social service bodies, it is necessary to develop the regulatory framework for the organization and functioning of social service institutions; development of scientific and methodological foundations for the activities of a network of social service institutions; state support for the development of the material and technical base of social service institutions; development of design documentation for the construction of new types of institutions, development of interregional and international cooperation and information support for the activities of social service institutions.

LIST OF SOURCES USED

1.The Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993.

2.Federal Law “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation” dated December 10, 1995 No. 195

3.Federal Law “On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the Russian Federation” dated August 2, 1995 No. 122

4.Federal Law “On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation” dated November 24, 1995 No. 181

5.Federal Law “On Veterans” dated January 12, 1995 No. 5

7. Azriliyana A.N. “New Legal Dictionary”: 2008.

8. Batyaev A.A. “Commentary to the Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons””: 2006.

9. Belyaev V.P. “Social Security Law”: 2005

10. Buyanova M.O. “Russian Social Security Law”: 2008.

11. Volosov M. E. “Big Legal Dictionary”: INFRA-M, 2007.

12. Dolzhenkova G.D. “Social Security Law”: Yurait-Izdat, 2007.

13. Koshelev N.S. “Social services and rights of the population”: 2010.

14. Kuznetsova O.V. “Social protection of disabled people”: rights, benefits, compensation: Eksmo, 2010.

15. Nikonov D.A. “Social Security Law”: 2005

16. Suleymanova G.V. "Social Security Law": Phoenix, 2005.

17. Tkach M.I. “Popular legal encyclopedic dictionary”: Phoenix, 2008.

18. Kharitonova S.V. “Social Security Law”: 2006

19. SPS "Garant"

20. ATP “Consultant Plus”

APPENDIX No. 1

Tariffs of state-guaranteed social services provided in departments of social services at home, specialized departments of social and medical services at home in the state system of social services of the Omsk region

APPENDIX No. 2

Client assistance system in the social service system

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1 FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "BELGOROD STATE NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY" (NIU "BelSU") FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND THEOLOGICAL FACULTY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR ELDERLY CITIZENS AND DISABLED CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF AN COMPREHENSIVE CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES TO THE POPULATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS Thesis work of a correspondence student, direction 03/39/02. Social work 5th year group 87001152 Kosenko Svetlana Aleksandrovna Scientific supervisor Ph.D. Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Social Work Kulabukhov D.A. Reviewer: Director of the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District” L.T. Gamayunova BELGOROD 2016

2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR STUDYING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR ELDERLY CITIZENS AND DISABLED CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF AN COMPREHENSIVE CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES TO THE POPULATION 10 1.1. Social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: essence and specifics 10 1.2. Forms of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of the integrated center of social services of the population 28 2. Organization of social services for the elderly and disabled people in the conditions of the MBSUSOSSEN “Comprehensive Center for Social Service of the Volokonovsky District” 36 2.1. Problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population 36 2.2. Recommendations for improving social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population 62 CONCLUSION 68 REFERENCES 74 APPENDIX 80

3 INTRODUCTION Relevance of the study. Currently, measures to improve social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are among the priority areas of state social policy. In the Belgorod region, a network of social service institutions for elderly citizens and the disabled has been developed. An important role in the development of new technologies for serving elderly citizens and people with disabilities belongs to integrated social service centers. At the same time, the need to coordinate the efforts of state and public structures in solving socio-economic, family, everyday, psychological and other problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities is becoming more and more obvious. Social services are the activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, carrying out social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations. The concept of “social assistance” is often used as a synonym for the concept of “social service”. Along with social security, social insurance, employment promotion, as well as healthcare, education, culture, housing and communal services, social services are among the branches of the social sphere. The peculiarities of economic services necessitate the participation of the social state and philanthropists in the organization and financing of these services. State participation in the provision of social services is designed to ensure the implementation of the principles of social justice and resolve the problems of insufficient information and irrationality of consumer choice.

4 Everywhere the state has created institutions to provide certain types of social services to elderly citizens and people with disabilities. As a rule, in state institutions social services are provided free of charge or for a fee that only partially reimburses expenses. Social service systems vary significantly across countries. In Russia, social reforms are being carried out at the federal, regional and local levels, which sometimes take place without sufficient consideration of social consequences. They also seriously affect the sphere of social services for the elderly and disabled. The organization of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people is given increasing importance in our country every year; it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to cash payments, which significantly increases the efficiency of the entire state social security system. Social policy in relation to elderly citizens and people with disabilities, its scope, direction and content throughout the history of the country were influenced and determined by socio-economic and specific socio-political tasks facing society at one or another stage of its development. The allocation in the general structure of social policy of a special direction - social services relating to the well-being and health of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, is due to rather specific conditions and lifestyles, the characteristics of their needs, as well as the level of development of society as a whole. The social service system covers a wide range of services, in particular, medical care, maintenance and service in boarding schools, home care for those in need of care, housing and communal services, leisure activities, etc. . In the field of social services, the possibility of exercising the right to receive it often depends on the decision of the competent authority, since the whole

5, a number of social services provided in this area are still among the scarce ones, not guaranteed to absolutely every elderly and disabled person. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities should be focused on ensuring the availability of basic social services and guarantees for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, regardless of their place of residence. The social vulnerability of elderly citizens and people with disabilities is associated primarily with their physical condition, the presence of diseases, decreased physical activity, and the presence of a psychological factor that forms contact with other segments of the population. Therefore, elderly citizens and people with disabilities are the least protected and most socially vulnerable part of society. The degree of scientific development of the problem. Social work with older citizens was studied by M.D. Alexandrova E.I. Kholostova and V.D. Alperovich, other domestic G.S. Alekseevich, scientists. B.G. Ananyeva, In the works of A.V. Dmitrieva, S.G. Markovina, N.V. Panin, touches on complex and multifaceted problems of social services for elderly citizens and the disabled. E.V. Karyukhin, O.V. Krasnova, E.I. Kholostova and other authors reveal the gerontological aspects of the problem, focus on social work with elderly citizens, consider problems associated with health disorders in elderly citizens, human adaptation to old age, describe the methods and principles of social work and medical and social services for elderly citizens. Historical aspects of the problem are analyzed in the works of such authors as O.V. Ergaeva, N.G. Kovaleva, E.A. Kurulenko I.A. Litvinov, M. Mead and some others. The authors analyzed the situation and

6 social status of older citizens in different societies and at different historical moments. The above works highlight various aspects of the situation of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, the theory and practice of their social services, explore the problems of developing positive attitudes in society towards elderly citizens and people with disabilities, and reveal opportunities for improving their standard of living. A fairly large group of publications on the problem under study consists of articles in scientific and popular science magazines (“Socium”, “Social Work”, “Social Worker”, etc.), which highlight the problems of older people and people with disabilities and ways to solve them ( T.V. Karsaevskaya, A. Komforsh, E.L. Rosset, E.A. Sigida, V.D. Shapiro, A.T. Shatalov, etc.). The object of the study is social services for elderly and disabled citizens in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. The subject of the study is the specifics of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people at the municipal level. Purpose of the study: to reveal the specifics of the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population and to develop recommendations for its improvement. The achievement of this goal is facilitated by solving the following tasks: 1) to identify the specifics of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population; 2) study the features of the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”;

7 3) diagnose the problems of organizing social services for elderly and disabled citizens in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population and develop recommendations for its improvement. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the basic conceptual provisions of theories about the individual as a subject of activity and the highest social value, the concept of a person-oriented approach, the idea of ​​humanization and democratization of the social protection system for older people in modern Russia. As well as social approaches in the history and theory of social work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities, presented in the studies of I.G. Zainyshev and E.I. Single. The activity approach in the history and definition of the essence of social work with older citizens is presented in the concept of L.G. Guslyakova, in her opinion, “social work is defined as a type of social activity, as a system of social protection, as the activities of government organizations and individuals to provide assistance, as activities to restore and preserve the psycho-mental and social connections of the individual with the environment.” Research methods: theoretical – analysis of literature and official statistics on the research topic; analysis of reports from the work of the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”; empirical – survey method (questionnaire), expert survey. The empirical basis of the study was: - the results of a sociological study by the author “Problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population (using the example of MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District” (November 2015)).

8 - results of secondary analysis of sociological studies conducted in various years by academic institutes and research centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences, materials of the Russian monitoring of the economic situation and health of the population, etc. The information base for research into social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities is reflected in various kinds of instructions and provisions aimed at improving the process of social services. The implementation of this process was facilitated by the adoption of federal laws “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation”, “On social services for elderly citizens and disabled people”, “On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation”, directly addressed to elderly citizens and disabled people. To develop federal laws, Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation and departmental regulations were adopted regulating the procedure for providing social services to elderly citizens and people with disabilities. In the Belgorod region, various legal acts were adopted (decrees of the head of the regional administration “On the program to improve the quality of life of the population”, “On the program of the regional administration for social support of the low-income population”, “On the procedure and terms of payment for social services provided by state and municipal social institutions services”, the Law of the Belgorod Region “On the Living Wage”, “On the Consumer Basket”, etc.), which made it possible to specify the provisions of federal legislation at the regional level and bring them closer to local conditions. Theoretical and practical significance of the study. The main results and conclusions of the study allow us to expand our understanding of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population.

9 Research materials can be used when teaching courses on social work, social policy, etc. and in the system of training, retraining and advanced training of social work specialists. Approbation of research results. The thesis was commissioned by MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District.” The testing of the research results was carried out during pre-graduation practice on the basis of the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District” and recommended for practical use. The structure of the thesis includes: introduction, two chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix.

10 1. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR STUDYING SOCIAL SERVICES FOR ELDERLY CITIZENS AND DISABLED CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF AN COMPREHENSIVE CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES TO THE POPULATION 1.1. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities: essence and specifics In domestic literature, elderly citizens are usually considered as a large public, social or socio-demographic group, and sometimes these definitions are combined. Some authors consider them a social group of a non-productive nature: although they do not directly participate in social production, they occupy an important place in the system of diverse social activities. Others argue that older citizens are primarily a socio-demographic group. The social living conditions of older citizens are primarily determined by their health status. Self-esteem is widely used as an indicator of health status. Due to the fact that the aging process does not occur in the same way for certain groups and individuals, self-esteem varies greatly. Another indicator of health status is active life activity, which decreases among older citizens due to chronic diseases, deterioration of hearing, vision, and the presence of orthopedic problems. The incidence rate of elderly citizens is several times higher than that of young people. Elderly citizens are alarmed about their financial situation, the level of inflation, and the high cost of medical care. Financial situation is the only problem that can compete in its importance with health.

11 Modern theories of aging play an important role in organizing social services for older citizens, because they interpret and generalize experience, information and observational results, and help predict the future. The social worker needs them primarily in order to organize and streamline his observations, draw up a plan of action and outline their sequence. The choice of one theory or another determines the nature and amount of information that the specialist will collect, as well as the methods for organizing interviews with the client. Finally, the theory allows the specialist to “keep his distance,” i.e. objectively assess the situation, the causes of the client’s psychological discomfort, as well as real ways to solve the problem. Consistently applying one or another theory or synthesizing several theoretical principles, a social service employee purposefully fulfills the mission assigned to him - corrects and stabilizes the social functioning of an individual, family, group of organizations. By the way, it is precisely this social orientation that distinguishes social work from friendly participation or related intervention. Social work with older citizens involves the use of theories of liberation, activism, minorities, subculture, age stratification, etc. According to the theory of liberation, in the process of aging people become alienated from those who are younger; In addition, there is a process of liberation of older citizens from social roles - meaning roles related to work, as well as leadership and responsibility. This process of alienation and liberation is determined by the social situation in which older citizens find themselves. It can also be considered one of the ways for older citizens to adapt to the limitations of their capabilities and come to terms with the idea of ​​inevitably approaching death. According to the liberation theory, in the social aspect, the process of alienation of older citizens is inevitable, since the positions they occupy

12 at some point must pass to younger people who are able to work more productively. The priority direction of social work with older citizens is organizing their living environment in such a way that they always have a choice of ways to interact with this environment. Freedom of choice gives rise to a feeling of security, confidence in the future, and responsibility for one’s own and other people’s lives. Old age in real life is often a period when help and support are needed to survive. Self-esteem, independence and help, which interferes with the implementation of these feelings, come to a tragic contradiction. Elderly citizens sometimes have to give up their independence and independence for the sake of a fulfilling life, realized in interaction and communication. Elderly citizens also have a problem such as loneliness, the victims of which are more often men than women. This is loneliness that occurs as a result of a decline in intellectual activity, along with a decrease in physical activity. Not only do women live longer than men, but they are also less susceptible to the effects of aging in general. Most older women are able to dedicate themselves to housekeeping more often than most older men. With retirement, the number of cases for men decreases, but the number of cases for his wife increases noticeably. While a retired man loses his role as a “breadwinner” of his livelihood, a woman never gives up her role as a housewife. The socio-medical problems of centenarians (elderly, aged, elderly) are primarily divided into purely social and purely medical. But this division is not in essence, but in form. Both problems arose at the dawn of civilization and culture. The very position of an elderly citizen not only in society, but in life is such that it distinguishes him

13 essentially from all other age groups, and depending on how a given society views old age, relevant socio-medical problems are identified and addressed. The character of an elderly citizen is deformed due to aging. This deformation is a rather complex process (how a person lived, so he ages). For the time being, all workers (no matter in what area of ​​social employment) retain character traits that are of hereditary origin. With age, professional deformation of character appears, the so-called accentuation of certain character traits - suspiciousness, hot temper, vulnerability, anxiety, pedantry, touchiness, emotional lability, hysteria, isolation, exhaustion, pickiness, unfair assessments of one’s actions and the actions of others, reactive regression of mental abilities, stereotypically repeated in “vulnerable situations”, etc. . This state of affairs cannot be explained by socio-economic (material) or socio-psychological factors. The reasons lie much deeper. Only medical genetics could objectively interpret the dramatic changes in the psyche of a centenarian, which are confirmed by socio-gerontological studies. An elderly citizen and his family are one of the most pressing problems of our society in general, and social medicine in particular. This problem seems unsolvable either by public or government measures aimed at strengthening the social protection of the population; to an even lesser extent – ​​through medical means. The quality of life of elderly citizens and people with disabilities depends not only on the mental characteristics of various groups of citizens, but also on the socio-economic (domestic, material) and socio-cultural conditions in which their lives have passed and are passing.

14 Older people and those who will soon cross the corresponding age limit separating them from the younger and middle generations associate their social expectations and hopes with significant changes in the field of social services. Our society's perceived lack of sensitivity and attention to old people, veterans, insufficient consideration of their objective requests and needs obliges us to move from calls for improving their medical care and improving social assistance to radical measures - the creation in the country of a wide system of social services for elderly citizens as an integral part of a single state social security system. Social services include everything that elderly and disabled citizens receive from public consumption funds in addition to pensions and benefits. In this case, the society assumes all or part of the costs associated with paying the cost of services provided to elderly and disabled people in need of certain types of social assistance. At the same time, in the order of social services, specific needs characteristic of this category of citizens are satisfied. The development of social services for the elderly and disabled in our country is becoming increasingly important every year; it is considered as an extremely necessary addition to cash payments, significantly increasing the efficiency of the entire state social security system. The concept of disability was characteristic of social policy regarding people with limited physical capabilities (disabled people) until the 60s of the twentieth century. Disability was perceived as a person’s personal pathology, and all its problems were understood as a consequence of this pathology. That is, the individual’s limitations were considered in the context of the relationship between a person and his illness. All problems of a disabled person are a consequence of health pathology and he must adapt to the world of “normal” people.

15 The concept of disability is described on the basis of the “sick role” model, in which illness is viewed as a form of social deviation, where the individual plays a specific role: he is freed from usual social responsibilities, is not considered to be responsible for his illness, strives to recover and seeks professional help, fulfills assignments a competent doctor. Disability (limited capabilities) is understood as a consequence of the fact that the social and physical conditions (culture of society, psychological climate, social and political organization, etc.) in which a person with poor health lives and works narrows the possibilities for her self-realization, that is disabled people are seen more as an oppressed group. The essence of the problem is inequality of opportunity in the presence of equality of rights. The content of social rehabilitation is the social integration of people with disabilities and assistance in their awareness and implementation of their inalienable human rights. That is, in contrast to the previous understanding, we are talking about the influence of the sociocultural environment on the life activity of a person with disabilities. In the course of historical development, the exclusively medical approach was gradually replaced by a social understanding of rehabilitation, which emphasized the need to restore all social capabilities of a person. Currently, the biopsychosocial model of disability prevails, as embodied in the International Classification of Disability and Health Functioning, which expands the understanding of disability and allows us to study the influence of medical, individual, social, and environmental factors on functioning and disability. In R. Barker's Dictionary of Social Work, social service is interpreted as the provision of specific social services to meet the needs necessary for normal development to people who are dependent on others and who cannot take care of themselves.

16 Social services are social activities aimed at meeting the social needs of various categories of the population. This is the process of providing social services to the population. The Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” in Article 1 emphasizes that “social services represent the activities of social services for social support, provision of social, social, medical, psychological, pedagogical, social and legal services and material assistance, social adaptation and rehabilitation of citizens in difficult life situations.” The Law reveals the main content of the types of social services: financial assistance, social services at home, in inpatient settings, social patronage of citizens, etc. The Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons” states that “social services are activities for meeting the needs of these citizens for social services.” The Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Social Services for the Population in the Russian Federation” states that “social services are enterprises and institutions, regardless of their form of ownership, that provide social services, as well as citizens engaged in entrepreneurial activities in providing social services to the population without forming a legal entity.” There are two groups of functions of the social service system: 1. Essentially active functions (preventive, social rehabilitation, adaptation, security and protective, social functions (personal patronage). 2. Moral and humanistic, humanistic, social and humanistic).

17 So, social services to the population includes types, types, methods, organizational forms, procedures, technologies, subjects and objects of social services, the result of the provision of social services. In the Russian Federation, a system of social services for elderly citizens and the disabled is developing; social services are provided by more than 12 thousand institutions - stationary, semi-stationary and non-stationary. Now there are more than a thousand inpatient institutions of various types: 406 boarding houses (boarding houses) for war and labor veterans, 442 psychoneurological boarding schools, etc. Various services are being created and developed: psychological and pedagogical assistance, socio-psychological, psychological-medical-social, social and leisure , career guidance, rehabilitation, etc. The Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and the Disabled” significantly complements and specifies ideas about social services for certain social groups of society, regulates relations in the field of social protection of elderly citizens and the disabled. The Law defines the subject of activity as follows: “social services are activities to meet the needs of specified citizens for social services.” Social services include a set of social services that are provided to elderly citizens and the disabled at home and in social service institutions, regardless of their form of ownership. There is an opportunity to receive social services sufficient to meet the basic needs of life, which are included in the federal and territorial social services guaranteed by the state: - care; lists

18 - catering; - assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological and natural types of assistance; - assistance in professional training, employment, organization of leisure; - assistance in organizing funeral services and others that are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people at home or in social service institutions. The federal law uses such basic concepts as: Social service - an enterprise or institution, regardless of its form of ownership, providing social services. A social service client is a citizen who is in a difficult life situation and who is provided with social services in connection with this. A social service is a service that is provided free of charge or for an incomplete market price, that is, fully or partially at the expense of society. A service that is sold as a product (material consumer goods or consumer services) is not a social service, even if it is used by citizens in difficult life situations. A difficult life situation is a situation that objectively disrupts the life of a citizen (disability, inability to self-care due to old age, illness and a number of other circumstances: orphanhood, lack of work, a specific place of residence, loneliness, etc.), which he cannot overcome on your own. The basis for free social services for citizens who are incapable of self-care due to old age, illness, disability and who do not have relatives who can provide them with

19 help and care, serves a low per capita income, below the subsistence level established for the region in which they live. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are carried out in accordance with the ethical principles of the International Labor Organization (ILO): - personal dignity - the right to decent treatment, treatment, social assistance and support; - freedom of choice – every elderly person has the right to choose between being kept at home and living in a shelter, temporary or permanent; - coordination of assistance - assistance provided by various social bodies must be active, coordinated and consistent; - individual nature of assistance - assistance is provided to the elderly or disabled citizen himself, taking into account his environment; Functions of the social service system: - essentially-active rehabilitation (preventive, adaptive, social-active-security-protective, social patronage); - moral-humanistic, social-humanistic), (personal-humanistic, the implementation of these functions is associated with the optimal level of functioning of all subsystems and elements of social services. The main principles of activity in the field of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people are: - provision of state guarantees; - compliance human and civil rights; - continuity of all types of social services; - orientation of needs; social services to individual

20 - priority of measures for social adaptation; - responsibility of state authorities, local governments and institutions, as well as officials in ensuring the rights of elderly citizens and people with disabilities. Social services have the following characteristics: - targeting - provision of social services based on the need of a particular elderly person; - accessibility – services should be as close as possible geographically to the person who needs them; - voluntariness - services cannot be provided against the will of the citizen, except in cases when it comes to a threat to the life and safety of the elderly and disabled; - humanity - a person in a difficult situation needs a caring and attentive attitude towards himself; - confidentiality – non-disclosure of the client’s secrets, respect for his feelings; - preventive orientation - assistance should be provided not only when a person is already in a difficult situation, but should also warn him. - respect for human and civil rights, continuity of all types of social services; - conditions for the formation and implementation of human life; - the relationship between freedom and the social conditioning of the individual, the socially justified (or unjustified) measure of this freedom and the possibility of its implementation in society. All social service institutions are open institutions. Placement of citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations in these institutions is carried out with their voluntary consent, on a permanent or temporary basis.

21 The most important forms of social services are such as social services at home; semi-stationary services in day (night) departments of social service institutions; stationary social services in boarding homes, boarding houses, etc.; urgent social services; social advisory assistance; provision of living space in special homes for the elderly, etc. Non-stationary social institutions are a relatively new form of providing social assistance to the elderly population and disabled people in the Russian Federation. The legislation provides for five forms of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities: social services at home (including social and medical services); semi-stationary social services in day (night) departments of social service institutions; stationary social services in stationary social service institutions (boarding homes, boarding houses and other social service institutions, regardless of their name); urgent social services; social advisory assistance. Social services, at the request of elderly citizens and disabled people, can be provided on a permanent or temporary basis. Social services at home are one of the main forms of social services, aimed at maximizing the possible extension of the stay of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in their usual social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their rights and legitimate interests. Home-based social services guaranteed by the state include: catering, including home delivery of food; assistance in purchasing medicines, food and industrial goods of prime necessity; assistance in obtaining

22 medical assistance, including escort to medical institutions; maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements; assistance in organizing legal assistance and other legal services; assistance in organizing funeral services; other home-based social services. When serving elderly citizens and disabled people living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply, home-based social services included in the list of state-guaranteed social services include assistance in providing fuel and (or) water. In addition to the home-based social services listed above, elderly citizens and people with disabilities may be provided with additional services on a full or partial payment basis. Social and medical care at home is provided to elderly citizens and disabled people who need home-based social services, suffering from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (except for the active form), serious diseases (including cancer) in late stages, with the exception of quarantine infectious diseases, chronic alcoholism, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare institutions. The procedure and conditions for social and medical care at home are determined by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As a rule, social services are provided in semi-stationary institutions: - overnight stay homes; - social shelters; - social hotels; - centers of social adaptation. and in

23 Semi-stationary social services include social, medical and cultural services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, organizing their meals, recreation, ensuring their participation in feasible work activities and maintaining an active lifestyle. Semi-stationary social services are accepted for elderly and disabled citizens in need who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement and who have no medical contraindications for enrollment in social services. The decision on enrollment is made by the semi-stationary head of a social service institution on the basis of a personal written application from an elderly or disabled citizen and a certificate from a health care institution about his state of health. The procedure and conditions for semi-stationary social services are determined by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Social advisory assistance to elderly citizens and people with disabilities is aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, and ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are provided by decision of social protection authorities in institutions under their jurisdiction or under agreements concluded by social protection authorities with social service institutions of other forms of ownership. The rights of elderly citizens and people with disabilities when providing them with social services may be limited in cases provided for by law. Restrictions on rights may be expressed in the placement of these citizens without their consent in social service institutions if they are deprived

24 care and support of relatives or other legal representatives and are not able to independently satisfy their vital needs (loss of the ability to move) or to self-care are recognized as incompetent in the manner established (or) active by law. The issue of placing elderly citizens and people with disabilities in inpatient social service institutions without their consent or without the consent of their legal representatives is decided by the court on the proposal of the social protection authorities. Elderly citizens and disabled people who are bacteria or virus carriers or have chronic alcoholism, quarantine infectious diseases, active forms of tuberculosis, severe mental disorders, venereal and other diseases requiring treatment in specialized healthcare institutions may be denied social services at home . The refusal to provide elderly citizens and disabled people with social services in this case is confirmed by a joint conclusion of the social protection body and the medical advisory commission of the health care institution. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities provided in non-stationary conditions may be terminated if they violate the norms and rules established by social service management bodies when providing this type of service. Let us consider in detail the main forms of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: 1. Social services for elderly citizens and disabled people includes: 1) social services, medical services); at home (including social

25 2) semi-stationary social services in day (night) departments of social service institutions; 3) stationary social services in stationary social service institutions (boarding homes, boarding houses and other social service institutions, regardless of their name); 4) urgent social services; 5) social advisory assistance. 2. Elderly citizens and disabled people may be provided with living quarters in social housing stock buildings. 3. Social services, at the request of elderly citizens and disabled people, can be provided on a permanent or temporary basis. Social services at home: 1. Social services at home is one of the main forms of social services, aimed at maximizing the possible extension of the stay of elderly citizens and disabled people in their usual social environment in order to maintain their social status, as well as to protect their rights and legitimate interests . 2. Home-based social services included in the list of state-guaranteed social services include: 1) catering, including food delivery to your home; 2) assistance in purchasing medicines, food and industrial goods of prime necessity; 3) assistance in obtaining medical care, including accompaniment to medical institutions; 4) maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements; 5) assistance in organizing legal assistance and other legal services;

26 6) assistance in organizing funeral services; 7) other home-based social services. 3. When serving elderly citizens and disabled people living in residential premises without central heating and (or) water supply, home-based social services included in the list of state-guaranteed social services include assistance in providing fuel and (or) water. 4. In addition to home-based social services provided for in the lists of state-guaranteed social services, elderly citizens and disabled people may be provided with additional services on full or partial payment terms. 5. Social services at home are provided in the manner determined by the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. Social and medical services at home are provided for elderly and disabled citizens in need of home-based social services, suffering from mental disorders (in remission), tuberculosis (except for the active form), serious diseases (including cancer) in the late stages, beyond with the exception of diseases specified in part four of Article 15 of the Federal Law. The procedure and conditions for social and medical care at home are determined by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Urgent social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: 1. Urgent social services are provided to provide one-time emergency assistance to elderly citizens and disabled people who are in dire need of social support.

27 2. Urgent social services may include the following social services: 1) one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need; 2) provision of clothing, shoes and other essential items; 3) one-time provision of financial assistance; 4) assistance in obtaining temporary housing; 5) organization of legal assistance in order to protect the rights of persons served; 6) organizing emergency medical and psychological assistance with the involvement of psychologists and clergy for this work and the allocation of additional telephone numbers for these purposes; 7) other urgent social services. Social advisory assistance. 1. Social advisory assistance to elderly citizens and people with disabilities is aimed at their adaptation in society, easing social tension, creating favorable relationships in the family, as well as ensuring interaction between the individual, family, society and the state. 2. Social advisory assistance to elderly citizens and people with disabilities is focused on their psychological support, increased efforts in solving their own problems and includes: 1) identification of persons in need of social advisory assistance; 2) prevention of various kinds of socio-psychological deviations; 3) work with families in which elderly and disabled citizens live, organizing their leisure time;

28 4) advisory assistance in training, vocational guidance and employment of disabled people; 5) ensuring coordination of the activities of government agencies and public associations to solve the problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities; 6) legal assistance within the competence of social service authorities; 7) other measures to form healthy relationships and create a favorable social environment for elderly citizens and people with disabilities. The procedure and conditions for the provision of free home-based, semi-stationary and stationary social services, as well as on the terms of full or partial payment, are established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Thus, social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities is an important factor in improving the system of social protection of the population and the social policy of the Russian state as a whole. Institutions of non-stationary and semi-stationary social services help to establish various forms of social work, to better take into account the interests and needs of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in direct contact with them. 1.2. Forms of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population Elderly citizens (women over 55 years old, men over 60 years old) and disabled people (including disabled children) who need permanent or temporary assistance in connection with partial or complete loss of the ability to independently satisfy their basic

29 vital needs due to limited ability for self-care and (or) movement, have the right to social services provided in the state and non-state sectors of the social service system. Integrated social service centers are the leading government institutions in the field of non-stationary social services for elderly citizens and the disabled. The centers help to establish various forms of social work, to better take into account the interests and needs of various categories of elderly people and disabled people in direct contact with them. Centers may have in their structure various divisions of social services: departments of day care for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services, etc. Currently, social service centers have the following departments: - department of home-based social services; - day care department; - temporary residence department (mainly in rural areas); - department of social and medical services at home; - emergency social services department; - department of social rehabilitation. Centers are becoming effective non-stationary forms of social support for older people and people with disabilities in the Russian Federation. An extremely important area of ​​activity of the Centers is social services at home - this is one of the main types of social work. Its main goal is to maximally prolong the stay of citizens in their usual habitat, support their personal and social status, and protect their rights and legitimate interests.

30 The main home-based services guaranteed by the state include: catering and home delivery of food; assistance in purchasing medicines and essential goods; assistance in obtaining medical care and escort to medical institutions; assistance in maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygienic requirements; assistance in organizing funeral services and burying lonely dead; organization of various social services (housing repairs, provision of fuel, cultivation of personal plots, water delivery, payment of utilities, etc.); assistance in paperwork, including for the establishment of guardianship and trusteeship, exchange of housing, placement in inpatient institutions of social protection authorities. Social services at home are provided free of charge, with partial payment or for full payment. Free services are provided, for example, to single elderly citizens and disabled people who do not receive a pension supplement for care or who have able-bodied relatives who are required to support them by law but live separately, as well as those living in families whose per capita income is lower than that established for the given region minimum level. Thus, the main directions of activity of the comprehensive center for social services for the population are: identification of elderly citizens and disabled people in need of service; provision of social, domestic and other necessary assistance at home; assistance in providing persons served with benefits and benefits established by current legislation; ensuring to the citizens served their rights and benefits established by current legislation. Day care departments, also created on the basis of social service centers for the population, are also becoming increasingly developed. They are intended for everyday, medical, cultural services for pensioners and disabled people, organizing their recreation, attracting

31 to feasible work, maintaining an active lifestyle. These departments are created in accordance with the Regulations to serve at least 30 people. They enroll elderly and disabled people, regardless of their marital status, but who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, based on personal desire and medical conclusion. Pensioners and disabled people, as a rule, are served by the social assistance department free of charge. For example, the Emergency Social Services Department (OSSO) provides emergency social assistance of a one-time nature to elderly citizens and disabled people who are in dire need of social support. Urgent social assistance is the most common type of social support for the elderly population in non-stationary conditions; includes the following state-guaranteed social services: - one-time provision of free hot meals or food packages to those in dire need; - provision of clothing, footwear and basic necessities; - assistance in obtaining temporary housing; - provision of emergency psychological assistance; - provision of humanitarian assistance; - provision of legal and other advisory services. An important circumstance is the need for a new style of work of these institutions, the use of not only supervisory and prohibitive measures, but also carrying out explanatory work, promoting a healthy lifestyle among residents. In the Russian Federation, a developed system of non-stationary and semi-stationary forms of social services includes such social service institutions (departments) as social service centers for the population (1955 units), including comprehensive social service centers for the population (822). IN

The 32 structure of the centers includes departments for temporary residence (684 for 14.4 thousand places) and day care (1183 for 32.4 thousand places). 21.7 thousand people live in special homes for single elderly citizens, where there is a range of social services (725). The active development of semi-stationary forms of service, including temporary accommodation departments, contributed to the reorganization of some of them into low-capacity houses - the establishment of an optimal model of relationships between residents and staff. The network of non-state inpatient institutions is expanding. Social assistance and services in each region of Russia are carried out taking into account its specifics. The main areas of work are the following: drawing up and implementing social programs and plans, holding joint events and boards, meetings and seminars with management and practitioners, organizing a team form of medical and social services for the elderly and disabled, creating rooms for medical and social assistance, training and etc. It should be noted that joint activities are already producing positive results. Practice confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of joint actions. The team form of care for seriously ill patients is becoming increasingly widespread and recognized. Such comprehensive services allow us to increase the number of patients served and expand the types and volumes of services provided to them. For example, in the Kirov region, a departmental center for gerontological rehabilitation operates at JSC “Plywood Mill “Red Anchor” in the city of Slobodsky. The Hospice House of St. was opened in Volgograd. Seraphim of Sarovsky (social shelter), whose hospital is designed for 35 people. It is mainly inhabited by pensioners and people without a fixed place of residence. The church provides all possible financial assistance to the house.

33 Taking into account the need to provide citizens living in rural settlements remote from industrial centers and transport routes with targeted, prompt assistance, social protection authorities are actively developing various models of mobile social services. Such service is vital for those elderly citizens and people with disabilities who find it difficult to contact medical, law enforcement and other socially significant institutions, including those providing household and commercial services to the population. In addition, it costs people at least half as much as the prevailing local tariffs for transport and other services. In order to test the mechanism of this social technology, within the framework of the federal target program “Older Generation”, a pilot project “Development of an emergency social assistance service on a mobile basis” is being carried out in the region. In the Kirov region, such a social service as the “Mercy Bus” has existed for 10 years. The search for new social technologies that increase the availability of social services for the population has led to the emergence of such a model of social services for rural residents as interdepartmental centers for resolving social issues created under municipal self-government bodies, or rural mini-centers. There are currently 384 mini-centers in the Penza region. Their main tasks include identifying and differentiated accounting of citizens and families in need of social assistance. Determining the necessary forms of assistance and the frequency of its provision, providing assistance and services to citizens, informing the population on various issues, conducting social, recreational, preventive and other activities for the population at their place of residence. All mini-centers in the region operate on a voluntary basis. They employ about 2 thousand people. As a rule, mini-centers are managed by the heads of rural administrations, the staff includes from 5 to 7 representatives

34 education, healthcare, social protection of the population, other departments and services, public organizations. In connection with the need to carry out social rehabilitation work and recreational activities with elderly citizens who are unable to go to sanatoriums, over the last five years a set of measures has been taken to open social health centers and social rehabilitation departments. In the city of Kemerovo, a center has been equipped that fully meets the requirements of independent living for elderly and disabled people, and staff have been trained to identify the needs of elderly and disabled citizens and train additional employees in modern methods of working with them. In Novokuznetsk, a special “Memory Center” was created and more than 200 apartments were partially refurbished. The Department of the Samara Social Region, in order to protect the population of the permanent administration and improve the provision of social services to the population, takes an active part in the implementation of a number of international projects. According to the terms of reference, the main goal of one of the projects was to develop a viable, affordable and practical social protection system that takes into account the real needs of socially vulnerable categories of the population. An experimental rehabilitation center for elderly and disabled citizens has been created in the Samara region, on the basis of which innovative domestic and foreign technologies and methods of rehabilitation and integration of elderly and disabled citizens into society are being developed; analysis and forecasting of the socio-demographic situation in the region; identifying the causes of social maladjustment; studying the need for social services; constant monitoring of problems arising in the lives of older citizens

35 and disabled. The experimental center for gerontological rehabilitation functions not only as a social service institution, but also as a center for training social workers in practical skills in using auxiliary and technical means of rehabilitation, as well as means that make life easier for disabled people and caring for seriously ill people. All conditions have been created here for training social workers, rehabilitation specialists, cultural organizers, psychologists, programmers, students of educational institutions, representatives of public organizations of the disabled, volunteers from all cities and districts of the region. The acquired knowledge is widely used in practice in healthcare institutions, social protection of the population and at the place of residence of elderly citizens and people with disabilities. The center provides training for elderly citizens, people with disabilities and members of their families on how to care for people with disabilities, the use of rehabilitation means, and the provision of psychological assistance. Thus, comprehensive social service centers are the leading government institutions in the field of non-stationary social services for elderly citizens and the disabled. The centers help to establish various forms of social work, to better take into account the interests and needs of various categories of elderly citizens and people with disabilities in direct contact with them. Centers may have in their structure various social service units: day care departments for the elderly and disabled, social assistance at home, emergency social assistance services, etc. Centers are becoming effective non-stationary forms of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the Russian Federation.

36 2. ORGANIZATION OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR ELDERLY CITIZENS AND DISABLED CITIZENS IN THE CONDITIONS OF MBUSOSSSZN “COMPLEX CENTER FOR SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE POPULATION OF VOLOKONOVSKY DISTRICT” 2.1. Problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population More than 31,382 people live in the Volokonovsky district, including more than 6,000 disabled people. The budgetary institution of social services of the social protection system of the population “Comprehensive Center for Social Services of the Population” of the Volokonovsky District (hereinafter referred to as the Center) operates on the territory of the district. It is intended for comprehensive social services for citizens in need of social support, by providing timely and qualified social assistance of various types, providing individual citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations with assistance in realizing their legal rights and interests, and assisting in improving their social and financial situation. The structure of the Center includes: four departments of social services at home for elderly citizens and the disabled, created to serve citizens living in urban areas and citizens living in rural areas or the urban sector that do not have public amenities; department of temporary residence of elderly citizens and disabled people; emergency social services department; advisory department. In accordance with the goals of its activities, the institution provides the following types of social services:

37 1. social and everyday 2. socio-medical 3. socio-psychological 4. socio-pedagogical 5. socio-legal. Department of Social Services for Elderly and Disabled Citizens. The main task of the department is to provide social assistance at home to elderly citizens and disabled people who need permanent or temporary assistance due to partial loss of independent ability due to limited ability to meet the basic needs of life, self-care and (or) movement. Functions of the department: - informing and consulting citizens on social service issues; - collection and preparation of documents for social services; - receiving documents from citizens; - execution of the decision on enrollment (queueing) or refusal of social services with mandatory notification of the applicant; - admission to social services (conclusion of an agreement on social services) with the subsequent provision of state-guaranteed social services, as well as additional social services; - carrying out calculations (recalculation) for social services; - maintaining documentation of services provided, in accordance with the implementation of the schedule of control checks, quality reporting. State social services, social incoming services (hereinafter referred to as the list of guaranteed social services),

38 are provided to elderly citizens and disabled people at home free of charge, as well as on the basis of partial or full payment. Social services are provided at home free of charge: - to single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people who have an income (average per capita income) below the subsistence level established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population in the Belgorod region; - elderly citizens living alone and disabled people who have relatives who, due to old age, disability, illness, imprisonment, permanent residence outside the Belgorod region and other objective reasons supported by documents, cannot provide them with help and care , provided that the amount of income received by these citizens is below the subsistence minimum established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population in the Belgorod region; - families consisting of elderly citizens and (or) disabled people whose average per capita income is below the subsistence level established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population in the Belgorod region. Social services at home are provided on a partial payment basis to: - single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people receiving income (average per capita income) in the amount of 100 to 150 percent of the subsistence level established for the relevant socio-demographic groups of the population in Belgorod regions; - elderly citizens living alone and disabled people who have relatives who cannot due to old age, disability, illness, or being in prison,

39 permanent residence outside the Belgorod region and other objective reasons, confirmed by documents, provide them with assistance and care, provided that the amount of income received by these citizens is from 100 to 150 percent of the subsistence level established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population in the Belgorod region regions; - families consisting of elderly citizens and (or) disabled people, provided that the average per capita family income is from 100 to 150 percent of the corresponding subsistence level, socio-demographic groups established for the population in the Belgorod region. - the monthly amount of partial payment for social services provided at home is 50 percent of the cost of full payment for services. Social services at home are provided on a full payment basis to: - single elderly citizens (single married couples) and disabled people, if their income (average per capita income) exceeds 150 percent of the subsistence level established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population of the Belgorod region; - elderly citizens living alone and disabled people who have relatives who, due to old age, disability, illness, imprisonment, permanent residence outside the Belgorod region and other objective reasons supported by documents, cannot provide them with help and care , provided that the amount of income received by these citizens exceeds 150 percent of the subsistence minimum established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population of the Belgorod region;

40 - families consisting of elderly citizens and (or) disabled people, provided that the average per capita family income exceeds 150 percent of the cost of living established for the relevant socio-demographic groups of the population of the Belgorod region; - elderly citizens and disabled people who have close relatives of working age living in the Belgorod region. For elderly citizens and disabled people, the department of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people provides the following services at home: 1. Catering services (provided taking into account health status): - assistance in preparing food, including dietary meals; - purchase and home delivery of food products, hot lunches from the canteen (in the client’s area of ​​residence). 2. Household organization services: - water delivery; - heating stoves (delivery of firewood and coal), kindling and removal of ash, depending on weather conditions; - assistance in providing fuel to those living in residential premises without central heating (paperwork, payment of bills, ensuring control over fuel delivery); - purchase and home delivery of essential industrial goods (in the client’s area of ​​residence); - handing over items for washing, dry cleaning, repairs and their return delivery (if there are no enterprises in the client’s area of ​​residence that provide these services, washing and repairs at home); - assistance in organizing home repairs (determining the scope of work, organizing repair work, assistance in purchasing and delivering materials for repairs);

41 - assistance in paying for housing and utilities (filling out receipts, reconciling payment documents, paying bills); - assistance in organizing the provision of services by trade, public utility, communications and other enterprises providing services to the population. 3. Services for organizing leisure time: - assistance in writing letters; - assistance in providing books, magazines, newspapers (subscription, delivery and dispatch of printed publications, parcels, registration in the library, delivery of books from the library located in the client’s area of ​​residence); - assistance in visiting theaters, exhibitions and other cultural events; - accompaniment outside the home. 4. Social, medical and sanitary-hygienic services (care is provided taking into account the state of health): - cleaning of living quarters (taking out garbage, cleaning dust from floors, walls, furniture, etc.); - assistance in the provision of medical care in the scope of the basic program of compulsory health insurance for citizens of the Russian Federation, targeted programs and territorial programs of compulsory health insurance provided by state and municipal medical institutions; - assistance (support in conducting medical and social institutions and expert examinations of the social and medical commission within the locality, assistance in preparing documents for disability); - assistance in providing, according to the conclusion of doctors, medicines and medical products (within the locality);

42 - provision of psychological assistance (conversations, if necessary, consultation with a psychologist); - assistance in hospitalization, accompaniment to medical institutions (within the locality); - visiting inpatient healthcare institutions in order to provide moral and psychological support to those served; - assistance in obtaining vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment (assistance in paperwork); - assistance in obtaining dental and prosthetic and orthopedic care, as well as in providing technical means of care and rehabilitation (visiting a dental clinic without a patient, making an appointment, accompanying a patient to an appointment with a dentist or orthopedist). 5. Legal services: - assistance in preparing documents; - assistance in obtaining legal benefits and established benefits for the current ones (organizing specialist consultations); - providing assistance on pension issues and other social benefits (assistance in paperwork, consulting); - assistance in obtaining legal assistance and other legal services (organizing specialist consultations). 6. Funeral services. The temporary residence department for elderly and disabled citizens is one of the places where veterans, disabled and elderly citizens restore physical and spiritual health. At the service of vacationers in the department: - therapeutic procedures: inhalation, magnetic therapy, electrotherapy, lymphatic drainage, turmanev mat; manual and hardware massage; turpentine, pearl, salt baths; circular shower, mud therapy;

43 - a psychological relief room with medical devices, where classes, psychological trainings, and the provision of psychological assistance are organized; - varied, high-quality meals 4 times a day; - a rich leisure program: competitions, quizzes, karaoke and singing to a musical instrument, performances by creative groups, library work, field trips to places of interest. The leisure department was opened in 2007 and employs 70 people. There are 2 clubs in the department: the Elderly Club “Ray of Hope”, the Club for Wheelchair Users “Zhiznelub”. The activities of the department are aimed at the direct participation of older citizens in cultural, social and rehabilitation activities, as well as promoting health, increasing physical activity and improving social well-being. The “Ray of Hope” senior citizens’ club has 4 interest sections: amateur arts; skillful hands; intellectual outlook, healthy lifestyle. Meetings at the club take place 1-2 times a week. Meetings at the wheelchair club are held once a quarter and are thematic in nature. Excursions around the area are conducted according to developed routes. Emergency Social Services Department. The main task of the department is to provide urgent social assistance to citizens in dire need of social support and emergency assistance for one-time life activities. character aimed at maintaining them

44 Functions of the department: - taking immediate measures aimed at temporarily supporting the life of citizens in dire need of social support by providing various types of assistance; - identification and registration of citizens in dire need of social assistance not in the territory of the Volokonovsky district municipal district; - providing the necessary information and conducting consultations on the provision of social support measures for the low-income population and preferential categories of citizens; - collection of necessary documents to provide financial assistance; - assistance in preparing documents for sending citizens to boarding homes and gerontological centers; - assistance in providing citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations with clothes, shoes, and other essential items; - provision of free food packages; - provision of the “Social Taxi” service on specialized vehicles for the transportation of citizens with limited mobility in order to visit socially significant infrastructure facilities in the Volokonovsky district; - provision of additional services, according to the “Tariffs for additional social services provided to elderly citizens and disabled people by state institutions (departments) of social services for the population of the Belgorod region”, approved by the Commission for State Regulation of Prices and Tariffs of the Belgorod Region. The Emergency Social Services Department provides assistance to the following categories of citizens: disabled people; senior citizens; victims of fires, natural disasters, radiation and man-made disasters; refugees and internally displaced persons; large families; low-income and single-parent families; families raising children -

45 disabled people; citizens living alone, of working age, who have partially lost the ability to self-care due to a long-term (more than one month) illness, relatives who, for objective reasons, are not able to care for them; low-income citizens living alone who, for reasons beyond their control, have an income below the subsistence level established for the corresponding socio-demographic groups of the population of the Belgorod region. The procedure for providing services: 1. Social services for citizens in the Emergency Social Services Department are carried out on a one-time or temporary (up to one month) basis. 2. Social services are provided to citizens on the basis of an identification document and a written application addressed to the head of the Social Security Service. 3. The service area for employees of the Emergency Social Services Department is determined on the territory of the Volokonovsky District municipal district, taking into account the degree and nature of the need of pensioners and disabled people for help. Procedure for payment for services: 1. Emergency social services are provided free of charge: - providing the necessary information and conducting consultations on the provision of social support measures for the low-income population and privileged categories of citizens; - collection of necessary documents to provide financial assistance; - assistance in preparing documents for sending citizens to boarding homes and gerontological centers; - assistance in providing citizens who find themselves in difficult life situations with clothes, shoes, and other essential items; - provision of free food packages.

46 2. The “Social Taxi” service is provided in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for providing the “Social Taxi” service in the Volokonovsky district, approved by the resolution of the head of the administration of the Volokonovsky district dated March 24, 2008 No. 265 “On the procedure for providing the “Social Taxi” service in Volokonovsky area." 3. Additional social services are provided on the basis of full payment based on the established tariffs for additional social services, approved by the Commission for State Regulation of Prices and Tariffs in the Belgorod Region. In order to provide social services at home to elderly citizens and disabled people of the Volokonovsky district, the emergency social service department of the municipal institution "KTSSON of the Volokonovsky district" operates a visiting integrated team "Mercy", which includes: - heads of social service departments at home; - social workers; - social work specialists; - carpenters; - medical worker; - specialist in repair of household appliances. The advisory department carries out its activities in cooperation with the structural divisions of the institution. The main tasks of the advisory department: - organizing public awareness using information technology, providing access to information about the activities of the institution through electronic communication channels. - ensuring automation of the provision of social support measures to the population. - providing information support for the activities of the institution. - providing technical support for the activities of the Institution.

47 - organization of development and improvement of automated systems, introduction of new technologies. - ensuring maximum efficiency from the automated systems used. - providing the media with the necessary information and explanations regarding the activities of the Institution. - monitoring media coverage of the Institution’s activities, organizing a prompt response to critical publications, speeches, messages, etc. Functions of the advisory department: - carries out work to introduce modern information technologies into the institution. - carries out the technological process of collecting, processing and analyzing information in all areas of activity of the MU “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”. - ensures the security of personal information processed and stored using computer technology in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. - provides all structural divisions of the Institution with computer, copying and computing equipment and consumables for it. - administers the information database of citizens entitled to social support (automated receipt of operational statistical data, maintaining directories, testing, indexing, eliminating system errors during the operation of the software, restoring information in case of errors). - administers a local area network with dedicated servers (configuring, testing, troubleshooting

48 networks, restoration and correction of information in case of errors during operation). - instructs the institution’s specialists on the operation of hardware and software. - administers the help terminal and the official website of the Department. - provides technical support for activities carried out by the Department. - collects and transmits payment and reporting information to third parties in electronic form and on paper. - interacts with the media and prepares information material for publication. The center is part of the structure of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration. In general, the work of the Administration of the Volokonovsky Social District with the protection of citizens, the population with disabilities (disabled) and elderly citizens is aimed at the development and implementation of innovative programs, technologies for organizing social, social and legal guidance, labor and counseling, professional rehabilitation people with disabilities. Thus, in 2015, 236 disabled people, including 102 families with children with disabilities, received methodological and advisory assistance. In addition, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration carries out systematic work with people with disabilities. The cooperation program with the Department of Culture of the Volokonovsky District Administration “Step into the World” provides assistance in social rehabilitation and their integration into society for 98 disabled children. As part of the program, there is a communication club “Nika”, where classes are held monthly to promote the discovery and development of creative

49 abilities of children with disabilities. As part of the club, there is a school for parents, “The Art of Education,” where seminars, lectures, trainings, debates, and consultations are held (with the participation of doctors, psychologists, teachers, and lawyers). In 2015, 9 club meetings were held. On the website of the Volokonovsky District Administration, there is a page “We are together” for the publication of materials and communication between disabled children and their parents. Information and educational methodological materials for parents of disabled children were produced and designed. Activities have been organized for the rehabilitation of disabled children, providing them with various types of charitable assistance with books, sweet sets, and stationery. In 2015, 24 disabled children under the age of 18, together with accompanying persons, underwent rehabilitation at the State Budgetary Institution “Rehabilitation Center for Children and Adolescents with Disabilities.” The Volokonovsky boarding house for elderly citizens and disabled people, located in the village of Pogromets, currently houses 15 people, for whom all the necessary conditions have been created for living and receiving qualified medical care. In the Volokonovsky district, in addition to health procedures, a rich cultural program is carried out for elderly citizens and the disabled. Such integrated programs are carried out as “Promenade of Youth”, “Let's Talk about Love”, “Relaxing in Russian”, “Interesting Facts”, “Sixty Plus”, “Diet Secrets”, “Leisya Song”, “Anniversaries”, “Russian Lotto”, etc. The main goal is to reveal and maintain the individual creative abilities of elderly citizens and disabled people in the Department. Song gatherings such as “To the Sound of the Accordion” and “Song Crossroads” have become traditional.

50 For elderly citizens and people with disabilities, field trips to rural areas and walking tours in the center of the village of Volokonovka with a visit to the local history museum are conducted. There are two rental points for rehabilitation equipment for the disabled: in the USZN of the administration of the Volokonovsky district and the Russian Red Cross in the Volokonovsky district. Wheelchairs are in particular demand. USZN of the Volokonovsky district administration provides services free of charge, according to the contract. BROOOO "Russian Red Cross" in the Volokonovsky district provides wider rental services, you can rent: strollers, walkers, crutches, canes, blood pressure monitors. In order to ensure accessibility for elderly citizens and disabled people of objects and services in priority areas of life, certification of 62 social infrastructure objects in the district was carried out. Based on accessibility passports, the module “Interactive Map of Object Accessibility” was filled with information on the “Learning to Live Together” website on the Internet information and telecommunications network in order for elderly citizens and people with disabilities to receive information about the possibility of visiting social infrastructure facilities. A “road map” action plan has been developed to increase the accessibility indicators for elderly citizens and disabled people of objects and services in the field of social protection, healthcare, education, culture, transport services, communications and information. The goal of the “road map” is to ensure unhindered access to facilities and services in priority areas of life for people with disabilities and other low-mobility groups (people who have difficulty moving independently, receiving services, and necessary information) in the Volokonovsky district. Time frames and expected results of the implementation of the “road map”: increasing the share of social, engineering and transport facilities accessible to people with disabilities and other groups of the population with limited mobility

51 infrastructures in which services are provided to the population, in the total number of facilities - 100 percent in 2030. In 2015, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration provided financial assistance to 98 citizens with disabilities in the amount of 421.0 thousand rubles. from regional and local budget funds. Payments of monthly monetary compensation were made to 6,000 citizens with disabilities to pay for housing and utilities in the amount of more than 27 million rubles. Monthly child benefits were paid to 31 disabled children in the amount of 947 thousand rubles. In 2015, the Volokonovsky District Employment Center employed 15 disabled people. In 2015, the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration carried out certain work aimed at caring for, protecting and supporting the low-income population, pensioners, children, single elderly citizens and everyone who needs social protection. The social protection system for the population of the Volokonovsky district employs 149 workers. The average salary for the social protection department of the district administration is 17,616.00 rubles, including the average salary of a social worker - 17,014.00 rubles, and employees of a boarding school - 16,532.00 rubles. The structure of the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration includes the Volokonovsky Boarding Home for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons. In 4 departments of social assistance at home in the district, 49 social workers work, who serve 394 single pensioners, of which 18 people are free, 376 people are paid. 1082 additional services were provided in the amount of 151.9 thousand rubles.

52 The Department of Urgent Social Assistance, intended to provide citizens in dire need of social support with one-time assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods, provided assistance in 2015 in the form of: - payment of a targeted one-time benefit to 979 citizens (394 families) in the amount of 1,651, 0 thousand rubles; - targeted benefits based on a social contract - 30 families in the amount of 373.2 thousand rubles; - distribution of free bread - 480 pcs.; - used items – 9 people. (20 units). 793 “Social Taxi” services were provided to disabled people in the district. The “Mercy” brigade provided social assistance at home to 34 elderly citizens of the district. There are 8,837 citizens of preferential categories registered with the Department of Social Protection of the Population of the Volokonovsky District Administration, of which 5,947 are federal beneficiaries, 2,890 are regional. The title “Veteran of Labor” was awarded to 40 citizens. Monthly cash payments were made to: - labor veterans - 917 people. in the amount of 7815.7 thousand rubles; - home front workers – 2 people. in the amount of 18.0 thousand rubles; - repressed – 8 people. in the amount of 76.7 thousand rubles; - children of war - 364 people. in the amount of 3184.5 thousand rubles; - disabled people due to military trauma, and members of their families (306-FZ) – 41 people. in the amount of 3537.4 thousand rubles; - widow of the Hero of Socialist Labor - 1 person. in the amount of 69.6 thousand rubles. Compensation payments were made in 2015: - to compensate for harm to disabled people at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant - 2 people. and 1 widow of the deceased in the amount of 623.7 thousand rubles; - for food for disabled people and participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1987. – 17 people in the amount of 112.5 thousand rubles;

53 - for health improvement for disabled people and participants in the liquidation of the Chernobyl accident - 23 people. in the amount of 17.4 thousand rubles. An additional payment to the pension was made for: - civil servants - 10 people. in the amount of 337.8 thousand rubles; - municipal employees – 48 people. in the amount of 1673.5 thousand rubles. Orthopedic products were issued to 4 citizens who do not have a disability group. Tickets for travel on the suburban railway transport "Veteran of Labor" were issued - 10 people. Issued vouchers to the “Beautiful” sanatorium – 21 people. Subsidies for housing and communal services were assigned and paid to 252 families in the amount of 2266.5 thousand rubles. Payments of monthly monetary compensation were made to preferential categories of citizens to pay for housing and utilities for 8,837 people. in the amount of 42991.0 thousand rubles, including: - federal beneficiaries in the amount of 33492.0 thousand rubles; - regional beneficiaries in the amount of 9499.0 thousand rubles. Unified social travel tickets, according to the Decree of the Governor of the Belgorod Region dated January 28, 2005 No. 11 “On the introduction of a unified social travel ticket on the territory of the Belgorod Region”, 123 pieces were sold in 2015: - to beneficiaries at the federal level - 76 tickets; - beneficiaries at the regional level – 37 tickets; - nurses of the Russian Red Cross in the Volokonovsky district - 10 tickets. Paid to 4 disabled people who have a vehicle in accordance with the medical indications established by ITU institutions for the provision of vehicles, compensation in the amount of 50 percent of the insurance premium they paid under the contract

54 compulsory civil liability insurance of vehicle owners in the amount of 6.1 thousand rubles. In 2015, specialists from the Center for Social and Psychological Assistance to Families and Family Placement for Children Without Parental Care carried out: - consultations – 915 people; - diagnostic examination – 58 people; - psychocorrectional and developmental classes – 352; - visiting 173 families. 1,317 people applied for socio-psychological and legal assistance to the Center for Socio-Psychological Assistance to Family and Family Placement for Children Left Without Parental Care - 2 people. in 2015. A significant improvement in family relations was recorded in 15 families. 224 people received psychological relief in a relaxation room. In 2015, 11 meetings of the Nika communication club were prepared and held for children with disabilities, which were attended by 67 children and 48 parents. To study the problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people, the author conducted a sociological study “Problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District” in November 2015. The problem of this study was to find ways to improve social services for elderly and disabled citizens in the conditions of an integrated center for social services for the population, which will help improve the quality of life of elderly citizens and disabled people, and create conditions for optimization

55 their lifestyle and solutions to various problems related to social services and health maintenance. The purpose of the study was to determine the problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. To achieve the goal, the following research tasks were set: 1. To study the features and specifics of the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District.” 2. Conduct a diagnosis of problems in organizing social services for elderly and disabled citizens in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population and develop recommendations for its improvement. Object of study: social services for elderly and disabled citizens in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population. Subject of research: the specifics of organizing social services for elderly citizens and disabled people at the municipal level. The most important forms of social services are such as social services at home; semi-stationary services in day (night) departments of social service institutions; stationary social services in boarding homes, boarding houses, etc.; urgent social services; social advisory assistance; provision of living space in special homes for the elderly, etc. Integrated social service centers are the leading government institutions in the field of non-stationary

56 social services for pensioners and disabled people. The centers help to establish various forms of social work, to better take into account the interests and needs of various categories of elderly people and disabled people in direct contact with them. The difficult socio-economic situation in the organization of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people is intended to be mitigated by non-stationary social service institutions that help improve the quality of life of elderly citizens and disabled people, create conditions for optimizing their lifestyle and solving various problems related to maintaining health. with social It is assumed that comprehensive services and the study of the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population will allow us to determine the problems of its organization, ways to solve them, and, as a result, prospects for the development of the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities. To solve the assigned problems, a set of research methods was used, mutually verifying and complementing each other: the method of expert survey, questionnaire; study and analysis of the documentation of the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”; quantitative and qualitative analysis of the results of sociological research. Three main groups were considered: specialists from the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”; elderly citizens living in the Volokonovsky district; disabled people living in the Volokonovsky district. Characteristics of the methods used for collecting primary sociological information: the author used an expert survey to collect primary sociological information. methods of questioning, interviewing,

57 The volume of observation was 36 elderly and disabled citizens. Results of a survey of elderly and disabled citizens. The majority of respondents note an awareness of difficulties associated with age and disability (62%). These groups of respondents perceive limited opportunities and old age as a negative period of dependence on close and not so close people. A significant portion of respondents (38%) who have not yet felt the approaching problems associated with old age and disability lead an active lifestyle and are not limited in finances and decisions. The majority of elderly citizens and people with disabilities put material problems first - 52%, considering them as the main ones limiting them today. Difficulties related to health status are also important – 34%. However, respondents put them in second place, apparently thereby believing that some of the health difficulties can be solved with more funding. Psychological difficulties (11%) were noted by a relatively small group of respondents. Diagram 1. Indicate the problems most acutely facing you: 60% 50% 40% 30% 52% 20% 34% 10% 11% 3% 0% Material Health state Psychological All of the above Old age, as a period of people’s lives, absorbs many fundamental problems of both the biological and medical sphere, as well as issues of social and

58 personal life of society and each individual. During this period, many problems arise for older citizens, since older people belong to the category of the “low-mobility” population and are the least protected, socially vulnerable part of society. This is primarily due to defects and physical condition caused by diseases with reduced motor activity. Disability and chronic diseases reduce the ability to self-care and adapt to changes. Difficulties may arise with others, including loved ones, even with children and grandchildren. The psyche of the elderly and touchiness, old people may be distinguished by senile, sometimes depression, irritability, sometimes leading to suicide, leaving home. Elderly citizens and people with disabilities are characterized by faith in the power of the state and their dependence on it (54%). The majority of respondents believe that the state can and should solve their problems. Senior citizens and people with disabilities do not just rely on the organization of social services. In most cases they consider it mandatory. In order to identify the effectiveness of existing forms of organizing social services, we interviewed specialists from the MBSUSOSSZN “Comprehensive Center for Social Services for the Population of the Volokonovsky District”, who directly work with elderly citizens and the disabled (12 people). As part of the study, several blocks of problems were identified: - Quality of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - The need of elderly citizens and people with disabilities for specific types of social services. As a result of the expert survey, the following data were obtained:

59 Diagram 2. Indicate the problems arising in social services for elderly citizens and disabled people: 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 47% 20% 34% 15% 10% 12% 5% 7% 0% Material In assessment Mat.-techn. base of the main problems, Personnel shortage inherent in the Legal imperfection of the social service system for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, the majority of experts noted insufficient funding - 47% and a lack of qualified personnel - 12%, 34% of experts pointed to the need to update the material and technical base of the social service system for citizens elderly and disabled people, 7% noted the imperfection of the regulatory framework for social services. It is obvious that the financing of social institutions does not allow for the dynamic development of social service activities and the expansion of the list of services provided to elderly citizens and the disabled. The lack of qualified personnel is caused by insufficient wages, lack of career prospects, etc. The respondents’ answers to the question “How do you assess the level of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people” were distributed as follows:

60 Diagram 3. 80% Level of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people 70% 60% 50% 40% 72% 30% 20% 10% 0% 18% 7% High 3% Quite high Satisfactory Low Very high - 7% Quite high – 18% Completely satisfactory – 72% Insufficient – ​​3% As noted in the previous question, the lack of normal funding and insufficient educational and professional level of specialists does not allow providing clients with social services of the required level. To increase efficiency, it is necessary to increase funding for social services for elderly citizens and the disabled by an order of magnitude; this would expand the range of services provided to them. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it can be noted that the majority of respondents (67%) consider the financial situation of elderly citizens and people with disabilities to be disastrous. It can be concluded that respondents equally highly rated the need of elderly citizens and disabled people for all types of social services that will help improve the financial situation of elderly citizens and disabled people, as well as for services to provide social and domestic assistance.

61 Analysis of the results shows that, in general, elderly citizens and people with disabilities are provided with exactly the services they need, but it is alarming that these services are not provided to the full extent. Having analyzed the data from statistical reports on the work of the social service center of the administration of the Volokonovsky district and the data obtained during the study, we can conclude that the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population has some problems: - the continuous growth of the elderly population increases the workload for social services; - lack of sufficient information among elderly citizens and disabled people about the forms and institutions of social services; - some forms of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are not effective enough; - insufficient accessibility of the social environment for elderly citizens and disabled people; - the impossibility of continuing the work activity of elderly citizens, while maintaining physiological well-being; - problems of interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere; - unsatisfactory financial, material and technical support for the activities of social service institutions; - unsatisfactory staffing and information support for the activities of social service institutions; - elderly citizens and people with disabilities often have problems that require specific assistance, so it is quite difficult to provide full and effective assistance to a client who has a number of problems. Questionnaires for elderly citizens, disabled people and experts are in the appendix (appendices 1-3).

62 2.2. Recommendations for improving social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population Improving social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population depends both on the financial support and material and technical base of institutions, and on personnel training, from the implementation of social partnership approaches and mutual responsibility of the state, employers, and society. Much depends on an adequate regulatory framework, increased wages and the prestige of social workers. The developed recommendations for improving social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of an integrated center for social services for the population are comprehensive: 1. It is necessary to coordinate the efforts of state and public structures in solving socio-economic, family, everyday, psychological and other problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities , as well as further steps to delineate the obligations and powers of authorities in the field of social services for citizens. In relation to the activities of government bodies, it is necessary to improve the political and legal support for the system of social services for elderly citizens and the disabled. An important direction in the development of state social policy in relation to elderly citizens and people with disabilities should be a set of political, legal, economic, medical, social, scientific, cultural, outreach and personnel measures aimed at achieving elderly citizens

63 age and disabled people material well-being and social well-being, creating conditions for active participation in society and longevity. To achieve this, the following measures are necessary: ​​- overcoming stereotypical views on old age; - overcoming negative attitudes towards people with disabilities; - sustainable improvement of the level and quality of life of elderly citizens and people with disabilities based on social solidarity and justice; - formation of a positive assessment of the role of the older generation in society as the bearer of moral, aesthetic cultural values ​​and the main link in their transmission to younger generations; - increasing funding for media that systematically cover the problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - strengthening the material base of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled based on strengthening interaction with non-state structures and charitable organizations. It is also necessary to carry out targeted activities to further strengthen the system of social services working with elderly citizens and people with disabilities, develop social infrastructure that takes into account their needs, and develop appropriate care strategies. The relevance of these measures is due to the need for labor and economic costs in caring for elderly family members and people with disabilities, especially the elderly and long-livers. When developing these strategies, the interests of women of all ages who traditionally provide care for dependent family members must be taken into account. It is necessary to introduce a number of changes to the legislation on social services for elderly citizens and disabled people, clarifying the conditions for providing these persons with social, rehabilitation and other services and providing for the introduction of effective control over their

64 compliance with state standards approved in accordance with the established procedure. It is necessary to provide legal guarantees to elderly citizens and disabled people in order to ensure equal opportunities in the implementation of their civil, economic, social political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitutions of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2. Solving socio-economic problems caused by population aging and disability requires finding material and other resources, focusing them on priority goals, and coordinating programs implemented in the interests of elderly citizens and people with disabilities with general strategies for sustainable development. Recommendations for solving socio-economic problems of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of an integrated center for social services for the population largely boil down to the following: - diversification of funding sources is necessary; - it is necessary to introduce elements of budget management; - restructuring of the network of social institutions is necessary; - it is necessary to develop competitive interdepartmental relations. It should also be noted the important role of introducing social partnership into the system of social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people. It represents the interaction of the state, society and citizens of the older generation in the implementation of activities aimed at the welfare and social well-being of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, constant cooperation with families, public associations and other social partners that provide elderly citizens and people with disabilities with protection, assistance and services .

65 Elderly citizens and people with disabilities, as a rule, have limited physical and material opportunities for an active life and come to terms with their problems. However, this is not a reason to treat them only as pensioners and patients, since they contribute to the social development of our region and the country as a whole, show interest in changes in modern society, social, cultural, economic life, have a powerful reserve of knowledge, skills and abilities, support the solidarity of generations and are guardians of spiritual and moral values. 3. It is necessary to attract elderly citizens and disabled people - clients of the system of social service institutions - to cooperation and development of social development strategies through meetings with the heads of the regional administration, enterprises, institutions, and organizations. In addition, conduct written and oral public opinion polls (in particular, disabled people and elderly citizens), which allow them to be involved in the development and implementation of new models and forms of social services, and allow them to participate in service planning. Feedback enables older people to successfully perform social roles, adapt to changes in the environment, increases their sense of self-esteem, allows older people to develop a sense of internal control over the situation, and become competent. In addition to the above, it is necessary to implement the following measures necessary to improve social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities: - implementation of scientific and methodological support for the activities of social services; - introduction of new social technologies and new forms of work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - carrying out socially-oriented educational work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities;

66 - development and improvement of the implementation of social, new social programs for socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled. It is necessary to carry out the process of training and advanced training of social workers in the following areas: - retraining and advanced training of working specialists; - training of young specialists; - creation of teaching aids and complexes necessary for the effective organization of the educational process. Reasonable use of accumulated world and domestic experience, study and generalization of cultural and historical traditions should become the basis for training professional workers for the social sphere. It is also important to note the prospects for the development of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities. The modern system of social services has been formed over the past decades. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities have now become an integral part of social security, one of its rapidly developing elements. Currently, in connection with the processes of reforming economic and social life in the country, the sphere of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities is continuously and dynamically developing. But, despite the large number of regulatory legal acts regulating relations in social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, it is worth emphasizing that they do not yet fully meet the requirements set by society and do not correspond to the tasks that the state has set for itself. Therefore, it is necessary to further actively develop a system of providing elderly citizens and people with disabilities with assistance to maintain their health and material

Level 67. Well-drafted legislation can certainly help in the further development and improvement of the sphere of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities. It is obvious that after a certain time a new model of social services for elderly citizens and the disabled will be formed, which will simultaneously meet the objective needs of Russian society and the financial and economic capabilities of the state. Thus, we can say that in the last few years a breakthrough has been made towards the effective and efficient functioning of the entire social service system as a whole, as well as the social service system for elderly citizens and the disabled. The successful development of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people can be positively influenced by the implementation of recommendations developed by the author to improve social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population, the introduction of additional types, forms and guarantees of social services.

68 CONCLUSION The organization of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in the Russian Federation is given increasing importance every year. Social policy in relation to elderly citizens and people with disabilities, its scope, direction and content throughout the history of the country were influenced and determined by socio-economic and specific socio-political tasks facing society at one or another stage of its development. The allocation in the general structure of social policy of a special direction - social services relating to the well-being and health of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, is due to rather specific conditions and lifestyles, the characteristics of their needs, as well as the level of development of society as a whole. Currently, measures to improve social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are among the priority areas of state social policy. The social service system covers a wide range of services, in particular, medical care, maintenance and service in boarding schools, home care for those in need of care, housing and communal services, leisure activities, etc. In the field of social services, the possibility of exercising the right to receive it often depends on the decision of the competent authority, since a number of social services provided in this area are still among the scarce ones that are not guaranteed to absolutely every elderly and disabled person. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities should be focused on ensuring the availability of basic social services and guarantees for elderly citizens and people with disabilities, regardless of their place of residence.

69 Social vulnerability of elderly citizens and people with disabilities is associated primarily with their physical condition, the presence of diseases, decreased physical activity, and the presence of a psychological factor that forms contact with other segments of the population. Therefore, elderly citizens and people with disabilities are the least protected and most socially vulnerable part of society. In the Belgorod region, a network of social service institutions for elderly citizens and the disabled has been developed. An important role in the development of new technologies for serving elderly citizens and people with disabilities belongs to integrated social service centers. At the same time, the need to coordinate the efforts of state and public structures in solving socio-economic, family, everyday, psychological and other problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities is becoming more and more obvious. Having analyzed the statistical data obtained during the study, we came to the conclusion that the organization of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population has some problems: - the continuous growth of the elderly population increases the load on social services; - lack of sufficient information among elderly citizens and disabled people about the forms and institutions of social services; - some forms of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities are not effective enough; - insufficient accessibility of the social environment for elderly citizens and disabled people; - the impossibility of continuing the work activity of elderly citizens, while maintaining physiological well-being; - problems of interdepartmental interaction in the social sphere;

70 - unsatisfactory financial, material and technical support for the activities of social service institutions; - unsatisfactory staffing and information support for the activities of social service institutions; - elderly citizens and people with disabilities often have problems that require specific assistance, so it is quite difficult to provide full and effective assistance to a client who has a number of problems. To solve existing problems, the author developed recommendations for improving social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of an integrated center for social services for the population, which are comprehensive in nature: 1. It is necessary to coordinate the efforts of state and public structures in solving socio-economic, family and psychological problems and other problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, as well as further steps to delineate the obligations and powers of authorities in the field of social services for citizens. In relation to the activities of government bodies, it is necessary to improve the political and legal support for the system of social services for elderly citizens and the disabled. An important direction in the development of state social policy in relation to elderly citizens and people with disabilities should be a set of measures of a political, legal, economic, medical, social, scientific, cultural, information, propaganda and personnel nature, aimed at achieving material well-being and social welfare for elderly citizens and people with disabilities. well-being, creating conditions for active participation in society and longevity. To achieve this, the following measures are necessary: ​​- overcoming stereotypical views on old age; - overcoming negative attitudes towards people with disabilities;

71 - sustainable increase in the level and quality of life of elderly citizens and people with disabilities based on social solidarity and justice; - formation of a positive assessment of the role of the older generation in society as the bearer of moral, aesthetic cultural values ​​and the main link in their transmission to younger generations; - increasing funding for media that systematically cover the problems of elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - strengthening the material base of social service institutions for the elderly and disabled based on strengthening interaction with non-state structures and charitable organizations. It is necessary to introduce a number of changes to the legislation on social services for elderly citizens and disabled people, clarifying the conditions for providing these persons with social, rehabilitation and other services and providing for the introduction of effective control over their compliance with state standards approved in the prescribed manner. Also, it is necessary to provide legal guarantees to elderly citizens and disabled people in order to ensure equal opportunities in the implementation of their civil, economic, social political and other rights and freedoms provided for by the Constitutions of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2. Solving socio-economic problems caused by population aging and disability requires finding material and other resources, focusing them on priority goals, and coordinating programs implemented in the interests of elderly citizens and people with disabilities with general strategies for sustainable development. Recommendations for solving socio-economic problems of social services for elderly citizens and disabled people in

72 conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population largely boil down to the following: - diversification of funding sources is necessary; - it is necessary to introduce elements of budget management; - restructuring of the network of social institutions is necessary; - it is necessary to develop competitive interdepartmental relations. It should also be noted the important role of introducing social partnership into the system of social service institutions for elderly citizens and disabled people. It represents the interaction of the state, society and citizens of the older generation in the implementation of activities aimed at the welfare and social well-being of elderly citizens and people with disabilities, constant cooperation with families, public associations and other social partners that provide elderly citizens and people with disabilities with protection, assistance and services . 3. It is necessary to attract elderly citizens and disabled people - clients of the system of social service institutions - to cooperation and development of social development strategies through meetings with the heads of the regional administration, enterprises, institutions, and organizations. In addition, conduct written and oral public opinion polls (in particular, disabled people and elderly citizens), which allow them to be involved in the development and implementation of new models and forms of social services, and allow them to participate in service planning. Feedback enables older people to successfully perform social roles, adapt to changes in the environment, increases their sense of self-esteem, allows older people to develop a sense of internal control over the situation, and become competent. In addition to the above, it is necessary to implement the following measures necessary to improve social services for elderly citizens and disabled people:

73 - implementation of scientific and methodological support for the activities of social services; - introduction of new social technologies and new forms of work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - carrying out socially-oriented educational work with elderly citizens and people with disabilities; - development and improvement of the implementation of social, new social programs for socio-medical, psychological and pedagogical assistance to elderly citizens and the disabled. It is necessary to carry out the process of training and advanced training of social workers in the following areas: - retraining and advanced training of working specialists; - training of young specialists; - creation of teaching aids and complexes necessary for the effective organization of the educational process. Reasonable use of accumulated world and domestic experience, study and generalization of cultural and historical traditions should become the basis for training professional workers for the social sphere. Social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities have now become an integral part of social security, one of its rapidly developing elements. Currently, in connection with the processes of reforming economic and social life in the country, the sphere of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities is continuously and dynamically developing. It is obvious that in the near future a new model of social services for elderly and disabled citizens will be formed, which will simultaneously meet the objective needs of the Russian state and its economic capabilities. society and financial

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80 APPENDIX

81 Appendix 1 Questionnaire (for elderly citizens) Dear respondent! Students and teachers of the Department of Social Work of the National Research University "BelSU" in order to study the problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population ask you to fill out a questionnaire. Circle the answer option that matches your opinion. If you have your own answer, write it in the “other” column. 1. How do you assess your health? 1. Good 2. Fair 3. Poor 4. Other 2. Are you fully aware of the difficulties associated with reaching old age? 1. Yes, I am fully aware 2. I am not fully aware 3. Other 3. Do you often complain about feeling unwell? 1. Often 2. I constantly feel bad 3. I don’t complain, I’m in good health 4. Other 4. What problems worry you at the moment? 1. Material 2. State of health 3. Psychological 4. Other 5. How do you evaluate the quality of social services in the comprehensive center? 1. Good 2. Very good 3. Normal 4. Bad 5. Other

83 13. What would you like to change in the work of this institution? 1._______________________________________________________ 2. Difficult to answer 14. Your gender: 1. Male 2. Female 15. Your age: 1. 55 - 65 2. 66 - 72 3. 72 - 80 4. 80 and older 16. Your education: 1. Secondary 2. Higher 3. Other_________________________________ Thank you for your participation!

84 Appendix 2 Questionnaire (for people with disabilities) Dear respondent! Students and teachers of the Department of Social Work of the National Research University "BelSU" in order to study the problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population ask you to fill out a questionnaire. Circle the answer option that matches your opinion. If you have your own answer, write it in the “other” column. 1. What is your disability group? 1. 1 2. 2 3. 3 2. Are you fully aware of the difficulties associated with disability? 1. Yes, I am fully aware 2. I am not fully aware 3. Other 3. Do you often complain about feeling unwell? 1. Often 2. I constantly feel bad 3. I don’t complain, I’m in good health 4. Other 4. How do you evaluate the quality of social services in the comprehensive center? 1. Good 2. Very good 3. Normal 4. Bad 5. Other 5. What problems concern you currently? 1. Material 2. Disability 3. Psychological 4. Other

86 13. What would you like to change in the work of this institution? 1._______________________________________________________ 2. Difficult to answer 14. Your gender: 1. Male 2. Female 15. Your age: 1. 55 - 65 2. 66 - 72 3. 72 - 80 4. 80 and older 16. Your education: 1. Secondary 2. Higher 3. Other_________________________________ Thank you for your participation!

87 Appendix 3 Questionnaire (expert questionnaire) Dear respondent! Students and teachers of the Department of Social Work of the National Research University "BelSU" in order to study the problems of organizing social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities in the conditions of a comprehensive center for social services for the population ask you to fill out a questionnaire. Circle the answer option that matches your opinion. If you have your own answer, write it in the “other” column. 1. What are the main problems in the system of social services for elderly citizens and people with disabilities? 1. Insufficient funding 2. Lack of qualified personnel 3. The need to update the material and technical base 4. Imperfection of the regulatory framework 2. Are your clients fully aware of the difficulties associated with reaching old age? 1. Yes, they are fully aware 2. They are not fully aware 3. Other 3. How do you evaluate social services for elderly and disabled citizens? 1. Very high 2. Fairly high 3. Quite satisfactory 4. Not high enough 4. What problems are your customers currently concerned about? 1. Material 2. State of health 3. Psychological 4. Other 5. How do you assess the quality of social services in your comprehensive center? 1. Good 2. Very good 3. Normal 4. Bad 5. Other

88 6. Are you satisfied with your relationship with clients? 1. Yes, I’m satisfied 2. No, I’m not satisfied, I would like the attitude to be better 7. Have you ever had conflicts with clients? 1. There were no conflicts 2. There were conflicts, but they were resolved 3. Never happened 4. There were conflicts that remained, not resolved 8. Do you consider loneliness a social problem? 1. Yes 2. No 3. Difficult to answer 9. How would you characterize the living conditions of your clients? 1. I am satisfied with everything 2. I am not satisfied with everything 3. I find it difficult to answer 10. Which services provided by yours do you consider the most significant? 1. Social and domestic 2. Social and medical 3. Socio-economic 4. Social and legal 11. Are you satisfied with the quality of service in the comprehensive center? 1. Yes, satisfied 2. No, I would like the quality of service to be better 3. Difficult to answer 12. What would you like to change in the work of your institution? 1._______________________________________________________ 2. Difficult to answer 13. Your gender: 1. Male 2. Female 14. Your age: 1.___________

89 15. Your education: 1. Secondary 2. Higher 3. Other_________________________________ Thank you for your participation!

In recent years, the number of single and lonely citizens of this category has been increasing rapidly, and the possibility of meeting their needs according to the above parameters on the basis of intra-family services are increasingly limited. This is due to the high employment of the working-age population, as well as the developing process of weakening family ties and the separation of the younger generation from the older.

All this served as the basis for the search for new forms of organizing social services for disabled citizens, along with the existing system of placing them in boarding houses. Such forms of social services, including medical, household, leisure, psychological and other types of assistance, are provided by social service centers for elderly citizens and the disabled. The main goal of the activities of these institutions is to maintain the normal level of life of the wards who do not yet need constant outside care, but who have the physical and mental capabilities to maintain, with periodic assistance from the center’s employees, communication with the outside world, their health and optimal living conditions .

In the Russian Federation, the activities of social service centers for elderly citizens and disabled people are regulated by a number of legislative acts:

· Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 12, 1993;

· Federal Law “On Social Services for Elderly Citizens and Disabled Persons” dated 02.08.95;

· Federal Law “On the fundamentals of social services for the population in the Russian Federation” dated November 15, 1995;

· Federal Law “On social protection of disabled people in the Russian Federation” dated December 24, 1995;

· Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated March 25, 1993 No. 394 “On measures for professional rehabilitation and employment of disabled people”;

· Order of the Ministry of Social Protection of the Population of the Russian Federation No. 137 of July 20, 1993 “On the approximate position of the social service center”;

· Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the federal list of state-guaranteed social services provided to citizens of retirement age and disabled people by state and municipal social service institutions.”

The Federal Law “On Social Services for Citizens of Retirement Age and Disabled Persons” regulates relations in the field of social services for elderly citizens and disabled persons, which is one of the areas of social protection of the population, establishes economic, social and legal guarantees for citizens of this category, based on the need for approval principles of humanity and mercy in society.

Social services for elderly citizens and the disabled are activities to meet the needs of these citizens for social services. It includes a set of social services (care, catering, assistance in obtaining medical, legal, socio-psychological assistance: in kind, in vocational training, employment, leisure, etc.), which are provided to the specified category of citizens for at home or in social service institutions, regardless of ownership.

The purpose of the CSO is to provide social services to elderly citizens and disabled people. From this follows a number of tasks, the solution of which determines the efficiency and quality of achieving the set goal, namely:

Identification and registration of citizens in need of various types of social services;

Providing social, everyday, medical, psychological, advisory and other assistance to citizens;

Assistance in optimizing the ability of citizens served by the center to realize their needs;

Providing served citizens with their rights and benefits established by current legislation;

Analysis of the level of social services for the population of the region, development of long-term plans for the development of this area of ​​social support for the population, introduction into practice of new types and forms of assistance, depending on the nature of the needs of citizens and local conditions;

Involving various state and non-state structures in resolving issues of providing social assistance to needy segments of the population and coordinating their activities in this direction.

These tasks determine the structural organization of the center, which, in addition to the apparatus, includes the following divisions: the department of social services at home, the department of day care, the department of urgent social services (Fig.

CCO is created to temporarily (up to 6 months) or permanently provide assistance to citizens who have partially lost the ability to self-care and need outside support, social and domestic assistance in home conditions. The activities of the CBO are aimed at maximizing the possible extension of citizens’ stay in their usual habitat and maintaining their social, psychological and physical status.

Service to citizens at home is carried out by providing them, depending on the degree and nature of need, with social, advisory and other services included in the list of guaranteed by the state, as well as providing, at their request, additional services not included in the list of guaranteed ones.

The CCO is being created to serve 60 citizens living in rural areas and 120 living in houses with all amenities. Services to citizens are provided by social workers and nurses at the center's headquarters. The position of social worker is being introduced to serve 4 citizens in rural areas and 8 in the well-maintained urban sector.

The EDP is a semi-stationary structural unit of the center and is intended for social, cultural, and medical services for citizens who have retained the ability for self-care and active movement, organizing their nutrition, communication and recreation, attracting them to feasible work activities, and maintaining an active lifestyle.

The positions of cultural organizer, nurse, labor instructor, manager, as well as junior service personnel are being introduced into the staff of the EDP. ODP is created to serve from 25 to 35 citizens. The duration of service in the department is determined based on the priority of citizens for service, but not less than 2 weeks. The EDP allocates premises for pre-medical care rooms, club work, libraries, occupational therapy workshops, etc.

The citizens served may, with their voluntary consent and in accordance with medical recommendations, participate in feasible labor activities in specially equipped medical labor workshops or subsidiary farms. Occupational therapy is carried out under the guidance of an occupational instructor and under the supervision of a medical professional.

OSSO is intended to provide elderly citizens and people with disabilities who are in dire need of social support, one-time or short-term assistance aimed at maintaining their livelihoods.

The positions of a social work specialist, a manager, a medical worker, as well as a psychologist and a lawyer are being introduced into the OSSO staff. OSSO employees identify and record citizens who are in dire need of natural and other types of assistance, with a view to subsequently providing it. The OSSO must have a minimum set of medications and dressings to provide emergency first aid. The activities of the OSSO are based on cooperation with various government agencies, public, charitable, religious organizations and associations, foundations, as well as individual citizens.

The list of services offered by the center includes:

· services for organizing catering, everyday life, and leisure;

· social and medical services;

· legal services.