Temperature after anesthesia in children. Consequences of general anesthesia in children

Temperature after surgery - is this normal? This question may arise for any patient who has undergone surgery. The results of thermometry, that is, measuring body temperature, are the data on which the doctor relies when assessing the patient’s condition over time. High numbers indicate the occurrence of fever, but additional examination is required to establish the exact cause. An increase in temperature after surgery is a nonspecific symptom that occurs in a variety of conditions, not all of which can be called a disease.

Postoperative fever is considered to be an increase in temperature above 38.5 °C, which is recorded at least 2 times during the first 24 hours after completion of the operation.

However, with the development of postoperative complications, body temperature can be subfebrile - this depends on the type of pathology, age and condition of the patient, and a number of additional factors. Therefore, other criteria for determining fever are used - an increase in temperature of more than 37.2 °C in the morning and more than 37.7 °C in the evening.

Temperature after surgery in a child or adult may be due to:

Infection.
Phlebothrombosis.
Thyrotoxic crisis.

In some cases, fever is explained by immune disorders, the development of a rejection reaction after transplantation, the presence of a neoplasm, and exacerbation of chronic concomitant diseases. An increase in temperature in combination with a decrease in blood pressure is characteristic of acute adrenal insufficiency.

In the first hours after surgery on the stomach or other organ, the temperature may rise due to trembling. Severe shivering occurs as a compensatory reaction if, during surgery, the body experiences heat loss (intraoperative hypothermia) due to low temperature in the operating room, the administration of anesthetics, transfusion of solutions and the use of breathing mixtures that were not sufficiently warmed. The temperature reaches 38-39 °C and returns to normal after the shaking stops.

Temperatures within 37.1-37.4 °C after abdominal and thoracic surgery may persist for several days. If the patient feels satisfactory, there are no pathological changes in the area of the surgical wound, there is no reason to think about infection or other complication.

Symptoms

Fever is usually accompanied by:

General malaise, drowsiness.
Trembling, chills, followed by a feeling of heat.
Decreased or lack of appetite.
Loss of body weight.
Pain in muscles, joints.
Increased skin sensitivity.

Increased blood pressure and tachycardia (increased heart rate) are classic symptoms of a temperature reaction.

In some diseases they are absent, but the opposite phenomenon may occur - bradycardia.

Infection

Infection is one of the most common causes of fever after knee surgery or other surgery. The group of common infectious complications includes:

surgical wound infection;
urinary tract infections;
respiratory system infections.

According to clinical observations, the assumption of infection is more correct the later the fever appears.

In the first hours after lung surgery, the temperature is of non-infectious origin, but if a febrile reaction occurs on the second day and beyond, it is necessary to include infectious pathology in the diagnostic search.

The likelihood of developing complications largely depends on the degree of bacterial contamination of the wound.

Temperature after abdominal surgery for appendicitis is observed, as a rule, with delayed intervention and the presence of peritonitis. If the lumen of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tract is opened, the wound is considered conditionally contaminated, the risk of purulent infection increases by 5-10% compared to a clean wound surface (during prosthetics, hernia repair). Open fractures and fecal peritonitis belong to the group of contaminated wounds, in which infection is observed in almost 50% of cases.

In addition to wound infection, complications can be caused by artificial ventilation of the lungs (pneumonia), the use of a urethral catheter (cystitis), or venous access (thrombophlebitis). A temperature after surgery to remove the gallbladder above 38.5 °C should suggest a possible purulent infection (liver abscess, subdiaphragmatic abscess, peritonitis). The list of possible infectious diseases, one way or another related to surgical intervention, is quite wide. It is necessary to assume infection in the presence of elevated temperature after surgery, pain, redness and swelling in the area of the surgical wound, and the presence of purulent discharge.

It is necessary to pay attention not only to the presence of fever.

It is important to evaluate its duration, time of occurrence, the presence of sharp drops and rises in temperature, as well as symptoms indicating the location of the lesion.

For example, if the temperature after heart surgery is combined with weakness, chills and the appearance of heart murmurs, there is reason to suspect infective endocarditis.

The basis of treatment is antibacterial therapy. If infection is associated with a urethral or venous catheter, it must be removed. When a purulent focus (abscess, phlegmon) forms, surgical intervention is required.

Phlebothrombosis

During anesthesia, the activity of the blood coagulation system increases and blood flow slows down. Phlebothrombosis is a likely complication of general anesthesia with the use of muscle relaxants, more often observed in patients over 40 years of age. The risk of blood clots in the veins increases with a large volume of surgery, duration of surgical intervention over 4 hours, obesity, varicose veins of the lower extremities. A symptom of thrombosis may be fever after surgery to remove a tumor.

Clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities:

Weakness, increased body temperature.
Swelling and pain in the limb.
Pale or bluish coloration of the skin.

Patients require bed rest, elevated positioning, and elastic bandaging of the limb. Anticoagulants (fraxiparin, heparin, phenylin) and antiplatelet agents (chirantil, trental) are prescribed. Thrombolysis (dissolution of a blood clot by administering streptokinase, streptase) is used according to strict indications due to the risk of bleeding. Removal of a blood clot can also be done surgically.

Thyrotoxic crisis

One of the most likely endocrine disorders in the postoperative period is thyrotoxic crisis - a condition caused by a sharp increase in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood.

Occurs in patients with diffuse toxic goiter in case of untimely detection of pathology and/or lack of adequate therapy. During surgery, the body experiences stress associated with anesthesia and surgery - this is a trigger for the development of thyrotoxic crisis. The following symptoms are observed:

High temperature after surgery on the thyroid gland, intestines and other organs, which is a manifestation of thyrotoxic crisis, is an indication for emergency medical care. Thyreostatic drugs (mercazolyl), beta blockers (anaprilin, propranolol), glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone), and infusion therapy are used.

Currently, there are no medical procedures that do not have complications. Despite the fact that modern anesthesiology uses selective and safe drugs, and anesthesia techniques are improved every year, there are complications after anesthesia.

When preparing for a planned operation or suddenly faced with its inevitability, every person feels anxiety not only about the surgical intervention itself, but even more because of the side effects of general anesthesia.

Complications of anesthesia

Adverse events of this procedure can be divided into two groups (according to the time of their occurrence):

Occur during the procedure.
They develop at different times after the operation is completed.

During the operation:

From the respiratory system: sudden cessation of breathing, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, pathological restoration of spontaneous breathing, pulmonary edema, cessation of breathing after its restoration.
From the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate (tachycardia), slowing (bradycardia) and disturbance (arrhythmia). Fall in blood pressure.
From the nervous system: convulsions, hyperthermia (increase in body temperature), hypothermia (decrease in body temperature), vomiting, tremor (shivering), hypoxia and cerebral edema.

All complications during the procedure are monitored by an anesthesiologist and have strict algorithms for medical actions aimed at stopping them. The doctor has medications on hand to treat possible complications.

Many patients describe visions during anesthesia - hallucinations. Hallucinations make patients worry about their own mental health. There is no need to worry, since hallucinations are caused by some narcotic drugs used for general anesthesia. Hallucinations during anesthesia occur in mentally healthy people and do not recur after the drug wears off.

After the operation is completed

After general anesthesia, a number of complications develop, some of which require long-term treatment:

From the respiratory system.

Often appear after anesthesia: laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis. These are the consequences of the mechanical impact of the equipment used and the inhalation of concentrated gaseous drugs. Manifested by cough, hoarseness, pain when swallowing. They usually go away within a week without consequences for the patient.

Pneumonia. A complication is possible when gastric contents enter the respiratory tract (aspiration) during vomiting. Treatment will require additional hospital stay after surgery and the use of antibacterial drugs.

From the nervous system.

Central hyperthermia– increased body temperature not associated with infection. This phenomenon may be a consequence of the body’s reaction to the administration of drugs that reduce the secretion of sweat glands, which are administered to the patient before surgery. The patient's condition returns to normal within one to two days after their action ceases.

Headache after anesthesia are a consequence of the side effects of drugs for central anesthesia, as well as complications during anesthesia (prolonged hypoxia and cerebral edema). Their duration can reach several months, they pass on their own.

Encephalopathy(impaired cognitive function of the brain). There are two reasons for its development: it is a consequence of the toxic effect of narcotic drugs and a prolonged hypoxic state of the brain as a result of complications of anesthesia. Despite the widespread belief about the frequency of development of encephalopathy, neurologists argue that it develops rarely and only in individuals with risk factors (background brain diseases, old age, previous chronic exposure to alcohol and/or drugs). Encephalopathy is a reversible phenomenon, but requires a long recovery period.

To speed up the process of restoring brain function, doctors suggest carrying out prophylaxis before the planned procedure. To prevent encephalopathy, vascular drugs are prescribed. They are selected by the doctor, taking into account the characteristics of the patient and the planned operation. You should not carry out independent prevention of encephalopathy, since many drugs can change blood clotting and also affect susceptibility to anesthesia.

Peripheral neuropathy of the extremities. It develops as a consequence of the patient being in a forced position for a long time. It manifests itself after anesthesia as paresis of the muscles of the limbs. It takes a long time and requires physical therapy and physiotherapy.

Complications of local anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia replaces anesthesia. These types of anesthesia are completely devoid of side effects of anesthesia, but their implementation has its own complications and consequences:

Headache and dizziness. A common side effect that appears in the first days after surgery and ends with recovery. Rarely, headaches are persistent and continue for a long time after surgery. But as a rule, such a psychosomatic condition, that is, is caused by the patient’s suspiciousness.

Paresthesia(tingling, crawling sensation on the skin of the lower extremities) and loss of sensitivity in areas of the skin of the legs and torso. It does not require treatment and goes away on its own within a few days.
Constipation. Often occur during the first three days after surgery as a consequence of anesthesia of the nerve fibers innervating the intestines. Once nerve sensitivity is restored, function is restored. In the first days, taking mild laxatives and folk remedies helps.
Neuralgia of the spinal nerves. Consequence of nerve injury during puncture. A characteristic manifestation is pain in the innervated area that persists for several months. Physical therapy and physiotherapy help speed up the process of its recovery.
Hematoma (bleeding) at the puncture site. Accompanied by pain in the damaged area, headaches and dizziness. When the hematoma resolves, there is an increase in body temperature. As a rule, the condition ends in recovery.

Source: NarkoZzz.ru

The patient’s condition after general anesthesia, quality in a good clinic:

No pain during treatment.
No nausea or vomiting after surgery.
Absence of chills, trembling (sometimes it is impossible to do without these symptoms after surgery).
During operations, constant monitoring of breathing and blood circulation is carried out.
Monitoring of electrical activity of the brain, control of muscle conduction, temperature control.

After the operation, the patient is given anesthesia; if this is not enough, the patients inject themselves by pressing a button.

For this purpose, special devices have appeared that the patient carries with him constantly.

Doctors then monitor how many times the patient presses the button, using these calculations to determine the degree of recovery of the patient.

Thanks to this, the time after surgery passes comfortably.

Before taking general anesthesia, consider:

Your weight or body mass index.
Medical history, tests, permission from specialists for anesthesia are studied.
Patient's age.
Current medications taken and allergic reactions to them.
The patient's consumption of alcohol or drugs.
Dental examination, as well as the oral cavity and respiratory tract.

General anesthesia, what is it:

General anesthesia, a state of coma, sleep in which the patient does not feel pain. He is not in pain, there are no reactions. The man seems unconscious.

General anesthesia is administered intravenously or inhaled.

Medicines are administered by an anesthesiologist, a specialist who monitors the patient's vital signs and breathing during surgery.

There are four stages:

Induction or first stage:

Characterized by the onset of drug administration and loss of sensitivity (consciousness).

Excitation stage – second stage:

There is delusional, excited activity. Heartbeats and breathing are erratic.

Nausea and dilated pupils may occur.

There is a danger of suffocation. Modern drugs limit the time for the two stages described above.

Surgical anesthesia or third stage:

When it occurs, all muscles relax and breathing is suppressed. Eye movement slows and then stops. The patient is ready for surgery.

Overdose stage, if your anesthesia dose was calculated incorrectly:

Leads to cardiovascular and respiratory failure.

As you understand, the fourth stage is an exception to the rule, but it sometimes happens, as everywhere and always.

Why do they do general anesthesia, and not anesthesia of only the necessary area of the body?

Under what circumstances is it prescribed?

The operation takes a long time.
Risk of major blood loss.
According to the patient's well-being.

Modern surgical treatment is an absolutely safe intervention.

Immediately after anesthesia you may feel:

Difficulty passing urine.
Bruising, pain on the arm due to the IV during surgery.
Constant nausea, possible vomiting.
Trembling and feeling cold, you will shake, and at first it will be difficult to warm up.
Sore throat (due to the presence of a breathing tube during surgery).
You will not feel pain; nurses will constantly administer pain relief.

But there are groups at greater risk for consequences:

Elderly people undergoing long-term operations are at risk of serious consequences.

After anesthesia, they can suffer a heart attack, amnesia (memory loss), stroke and even pneumonia.

Of course, it’s good that now you can have surgery and recover, if not for the consequences after it. They are.

The consequences are early and appear later.

There may be unpleasant consequences after anesthesia

Adverse events of this procedure can be divided into two groups (according to the time of their occurrence):

Occur during the procedure.
They develop at different times after the operation is completed.

During the operation:

From the respiratory system: sudden cessation of breathing, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, pathological restoration of spontaneous breathing, pulmonary edema, cessation of breathing after its restoration.
From the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate (tachycardia), slowing (bradycardia) and disturbance (arrhythmia). Fall in blood pressure.
From the nervous system: convulsions, hyperthermia (increase in body temperature), hypothermia (decrease in body temperature), vomiting, tremor (shivering), hypoxia and cerebral edema.

During the operation, the patient is constantly monitored to avoid complications.

After the operation is completed

After general anesthesia, a number of complications develop, some of which require long-term treatment:

From the respiratory system.

From the nervous system.

Elevated body temperature is a common consequence of anesthesia

Complications of local anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia replaces anesthesia. These types of anesthesia are completely devoid of side effects of anesthesia, but their implementation has its own complications and consequences:

The patient often experiences a headache after anesthesia.

Headache and dizziness. A common side effect that appears in the first days after surgery and ends with recovery. Rarely, headaches are persistent and continue for a long time after surgery. But as a rule, such a psychosomatic condition, that is, is caused by the patient’s suspiciousness.
Paresthesia(tingling, crawling sensation on the skin of the lower extremities) and loss of sensitivity in areas of the skin of the legs and torso. It does not require treatment and goes away on its own within a few days.
Constipation. Often occur during the first three days after surgery as a consequence of anesthesia of the nerve fibers innervating the intestines. Once nerve sensitivity is restored, function is restored. In the first days, taking mild laxatives and folk remedies helps.
Neuralgia of the spinal nerves. Consequence of nerve injury during puncture. A characteristic manifestation is pain in the innervated area that persists for several months. Physical therapy and physiotherapy help speed up the process of its recovery.
Hematoma (bleeding) at the puncture site. Accompanied by pain in the damaged area, headaches and dizziness. When the hematoma resolves, there is an increase in body temperature. As a rule, the condition ends in recovery.

Brainstem and infiltration anesthesia

Hematomas (bleedings). They occur as a result of damage to small vessels in the anesthesia zone. Manifested by bruising and pain. They go away on their own within a week.
Neuritis (nerve inflammation). Pain along the nerve fiber, sensory disturbance, paresthesia. You should consult a neurologist.
Abscesses (suppuration). Their occurrence requires additional treatment with antibiotics, most likely in a hospital setting.

A complication of any type of anesthesia, from superficial to general anesthesia, can be the development of allergic reactions. Allergies vary in severity, from hyperemia and rash to the development of anaphylactic shock. These types of side effects can happen to any medicine and food. They cannot be predicted if the patient has not previously used the medicine.

When going for an operation, it is worth remembering that the qualifications of anesthesiologists will allow you to cope with any complex and unforeseen situations. The hospital has the necessary equipment and medications to maintain the patient’s health. Cases of death and disability from pain management are rare in world practice.

How long does the temperature last after surgery and is this normal? This question arises in patients who have undergone surgery. Doctors assess the patient's condition after surgery based on changes in body temperature (thermometry results). High rates indicate the occurrence of pathological processes and side effects that pose a danger to the patient’s health.

Causes of increased body temperature after surgery

Increased body height after surgery is normal. It is also worth monitoring other manifestations of the body to ensure the speedy restoration of damaged tissues.

Fever is normal unless the following postoperative side effects are observed:

redness of the tissues adjacent to the wound;
discharge of pus from the wound;
feeling of weakness, etc.

Temperature after surgery, the limits of which do not exceed low-grade fever, is normal.
It is worth noting that the temperature rises to a higher level during abdominal surgery. For example, the thermometer mark in this case exceeds 39°C. Most often, the phenomenon is observed after removal of the inflamed appendix. The same applies to other operations during which foci of infection and purulent formations were removed.

Regarding surgical intervention on the extremities (for example, strengthening the hand with a titanium plate), in this case the thermometer mark rarely exceeds 37-37.5 ° C. Elevated temperature in this case may, in principle, be absent.

A decrease in body temperature is also an alarming factor. The fact is that this circumstance indicates a weakening of the body, as a result of which it becomes vulnerable to most pathogenic bacteria and. In this case, it is difficult for the body to restore damaged tissue, which causes a number of complications.

This clinical picture most often indicates the occurrence of vegetative-vascular dystonia, which also interferes with the rapid healing of the wound.

Elevated temperature after surgery does not indicate any threat or deviation from the norm. Long-term thermometry is a cause for concern. In this regard, it is important to understand how long the temperature can last after surgery.

Why can the temperature persist after surgery?

If a patient has a fever for a long time after surgery, this is a rather serious signal that may indicate the development of various pathological processes in the body.

Infection

After surgery, infectious processes appear in the body, which are accompanied by an increase in temperature. The severity of the side effect depends solely on the degree of contamination of the damaged tissue.

In this case, the main thing to note is exactly when and how long the temperature lasts after the operation. Only after a comprehensive examination and medical history can a doctor prescribe effective and safe therapy, usually using antibacterial drugs.

If an abscess or purulent lesion forms, repeated surgery may be required.

Phlebothrombosis

The fact is that long-term stay of the patient under anesthesia increases the activity of the blood coagulation system. This circumstance can be considered the main side effect of the effect on the human body. Most often, this effect is observed in patients over 45 years of age.

It is also worth considering that the risk of phlebothrombosis increases if the patient was under anesthesia for more than 4 hours. The main symptoms of this phenomenon, in addition to elevated temperature, are:

limb pain and swelling;
loss of strength, general weakness;
bluish color of the skin, pallor.

Getting rid of complications involves maintaining bed rest and taking anticoagulants. An elastic bandage is also applied to the affected limbs. If these procedures do not have the desired effect, repeated surgery is performed to get rid of phlebothrombosis.

Thyrotoxic crisis

Such endocrine disruption is observed in the postoperative period. Thyrotoxic crisis is accompanied by a sharp increase in the maximum level of thyroid hormones in the patient’s blood.

The main symptoms of this pathology:

feeling of weakness in the muscles;
restless state;
urge to vomit;
trembling, especially in the limbs;
loose stools, diarrhea, stomach pain;
elevated temperature.

Thyrotoxic crisis most often occurs after surgery on the thyroid gland or intestines.

Thyrotoxic crisis in the postoperative period

It is worth noting that the human body reacts differently to one or another type of surgical intervention. Subsequent methods of getting rid of side effects that have arisen directly depend on the type of infection and a number of other factors.

The temperature in the postoperative period can persist for a long time, but in no case should you fight this unpleasant phenomenon on your own, as this can lead to a worsening of the condition. Any deterioration should be reported to your doctor.

There are also additional circumstances in which the temperature after surgery can persist for a fairly long period of time:

Bad seam. If a poorly placed suture comes apart, this becomes a serious threat to the patient, which can lead to inflammation of the wound.
Necrosis. If poor-quality cleaning was carried out during the operation, then the remnants of removed tissues or organs can lead to necrosis.
. Pneumonia is a very common occurrence after using a ventilator. In this case, antibiotics are also used for treatment.
Blood transfusion. Each body reacts differently to this procedure. In some cases, there is an increase in body temperature for quite a long time.

How long does the fever last after surgery?

The normal temperature after the operation is considered to be a temperature that does not exceed 37.6°C. This condition lasts no more than 3-7 days. After a week, the temperature returns to normal and the patient’s condition improves significantly.

However, if after 15-30 days the temperature has not returned to normal or its periodic increase is observed, this may indicate the development of postoperative pathological processes in the body.

It is worth understanding that it is not the fact of temperature rise itself that is alarming, but the duration of this phenomenon.

If the temperature persists for more than 7 days, this is a serious cause for concern.

What to do in case of fever after surgery?

It is important to know that the highest temperature is observed in the first days after surgery. Then it gradually begins to decrease to its natural values.

If doctors diagnose normal postoperative recovery, no additional manipulations or prescriptions are performed. However, if after 10-15 days there is no tendency towards normalization of improvement in the patient’s condition, the cause and essence of the complications that have arisen are clarified.

An ultrasound and blood test are prescribed as mandatory diagnostic measures. The doctor also examines the integrity of the sutures and the wound itself for the presence of inflammatory processes. After establishing the true cause of the persistence of high temperature, complex treatment is prescribed, which includes:

Therapy using antibiotics. Doctors select the drugs used based on the patient’s overall clinical picture. Treatment depends on the type of causative agent of the inflammatory process.
Anti-inflammatory treatments are carried out using Ibuprofen (NSAIDs).
To normalize the temperature, antipyretics are used, such as: Aspirin, etc.

It is important to understand that subsequent treatment is prescribed only by the attending physician, taking into account the nature of the pathology and the general well-being of the patient. Self-treatment of postoperative inflammatory processes is strictly prohibited, as this can not only aggravate overall health, but also lead to death.

Most often, everything is managed with a standard course of antibiotics and other anti-inflammatory drugs. It is rare that repeated surgery is performed to improve the patient’s well-being.

How to measure temperature correctly?

Correct measurement of body temperature

To avoid being misled by incorrect thermometer readings, it is important to learn how to correctly measure body temperature. Before the procedure, it is important to consider a number of factors that may affect the thermometer readings. So, you need to consider the following:

the temperature in the armpit is a couple of degrees lower than in the mouth;
Immediately after eating excessively hot food, you should never take your temperature, as this may distort the thermometer readings;
Before taking measurements, you should also refrain from physical activity;
You should not take a bath before the procedure;
measurements should be carried out several times in a row to ensure the veracity of the thermometer readings and its serviceability.

An increase in temperature in the postoperative period is quite a serious phenomenon. It is very important not to engage in amateur activities in this case, but to seek help from a specialist. If the elevated temperature persists for more than 7-15 days, this is a good reason for concern.

Low-grade fever is an increase in body temperature over a long period of time. Why is it dangerous? What to do:

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What is the problem

At its core, anesthesia, or anesthesia, is the process of artificially inhibiting the reactions of the central nervous system to pain during a surgical operation. This depression of the nervous system is reversible and is expressed in the loss of consciousness, sensitivity and reflex reactions, as well as a significant decrease in muscle tone.

Anesthetic substances are introduced into the human body to suppress synaptic transmission of excitation to the central nervous system, which is achieved by blocking afferent impulses. At the same time, contacts in the cortical-subcortical system change, and dysfunction of the intermediate, mid and spinal cord occurs. These processes occur only during the period of anesthesia, but after the cessation of its influence everything should return to its previous course.

The human body perceives anesthetic substances differently, and therefore a number of drugs of different classes are used, and quite often a combination of several drugs is administered. The choice of their type and dosage is made by an anesthesiologist after conducting the necessary studies of individual sensitivity. In addition, depending on the extent and duration of the surgical operation, anesthesia can be of different depths: superficial, light, deep or very deep.

When prescribing a general anesthesia regimen, methods for exiting artificial retardation after completion of the operation are immediately analyzed. Naturally, the intense effect on the central nervous system, although reversible, causes significant consequences. The state after anesthesia depends on the characteristics of the body, the type of anesthetic and its dosage, and the duration of the effect.

With proper anesthesia, the human body is capable of fully recovering on its own, but this requires some time. The doctor’s task is to ensure complete and rapid rehabilitation of all temporarily suppressed functions. Immediately after the operation, the patient is sent to the intensive care unit, where primary recovery measures are carried out. The duration of resuscitation depends significantly on the person’s age and the presence of diseases.

What side effects occur?

Recovery from anesthesia includes relief from the following common symptoms:

Data on the condition after the operation are recorded and the corresponding conclusion of the surgeon is made. In order to restore the body during the stage of stay in the intensive care unit, the task is to completely eliminate them. If these symptoms remain, the patient’s stay in the clinic is extended.

Why can't you sleep after anesthesia?

In the first 2 hours after waking up, the body restores its functioning. The person is in a state of “inhibition.” Reflexes are suppressed, vision is blurry, external perception is impaired. The painkiller is removed from the body. The patient is gradually helped to wake up.

Repeated sleep after anesthesia can lead to uncontrollable complications, such as asphyxia or vomiting. If the patient remains asleep after emerging from anesthesia, it will be difficult for doctors to perform resuscitation and save him. By not allowing patients to sleep after anesthesia, the doctor creates conditions so that the anesthesia wears off as quickly as possible.

Troubleshooting

Postoperative rehabilitation associated with general anesthesia and other features of surgical treatment requires solving the following important problems:

What can you eat after anesthesia?

A special postoperative diet is established even after minor surgery, and this is a prerequisite for the recovery period. 1.5-2 hours after surgery (except for surgery of the digestive system), the patient is given a few sips of water. After this (with normal fluid tolerance), drinking is indicated every half hour with a gradual increase in volume. In the absence of negative signs, the first light meal is carried out 5-5.5 hours after surgery. For these purposes, only liquid food is suitable: broth, pureed soup.

Liquid nutrition is maintained for 3-4 days, while a frequent (up to 6 times a day) but fractional regimen is provided. If it is impossible to eat food on your own, it must be administered artificially through a tube or by drip. It is strictly prohibited to consume the following products within 1-2 days after anesthesia is removed: whole milk, carbonated drinks, plant fiber, sugar syrups.

After 3-4 days, you can switch to semi-liquid food with a predominance of pureed foods. During this period you can eat: chicken and turkey broths, pureed soups without fat, jellies, low-fat yoghurts, mousses, boiled rice porridge. The duration of maintaining a strict diet is determined by the attending physician, based on the complexity of the operation and the course of the recovery period.

Solid food is introduced gradually already 6-7 days after surgery. The dose is set within 35-45 g per day with a gradual increase in the absence of complications. After general anesthesia, it is recommended to refrain from eating fried, salty, and canned foods for a month. Important nutritional conditions are fresh preparation and optimal temperature of the dish.

Memory recovery

With deep and prolonged anesthesia, there is often a need to stimulate brain activity. Restoring memory after anesthesia sometimes becomes an important task in the postoperative period. For this purpose, elementary exercises will be quite effective.

The most effective way is to conduct a conversation with a clear formation of your thoughts.
If there is no possibility of dialogue, then such exercises can be carried out in front of a mirror, talking out loud. A good training method is solving crosswords and puzzles, and solving simple logic puzzles. One of the recommended methods is reading a book in the morning or afternoon with a detailed analysis of what you read before going to bed. You can remember small details, try to translate the plot into reality, put yourself in the place of the hero, etc. If you don’t have an interesting book at hand, then you can remember something that you once read before.

Carrying out various calculations is recognized as useful training, and you can count anything: from your previous life, what you saw outside the window, etc. Such exercises help restore memory and concentration. After discharge from the hospital, such training is not limited at all. When traveling in public transport, so many events happen outside the window that it is not difficult to come up with interesting statistics.

Proper nutrition also plays an important role in normalizing brain activity. Bitter chocolate is very useful for stimulating brain function, because... it stimulates the production of endorphins, which have a positive effect on memory. It is recommended to add almonds, walnuts, fruits, and vegetables to the diet. Positive results are found in tincture of rowan bark and clover decoction. To restore memory, it is advisable to consume blueberries.

Any surgical intervention is an extreme circumstance for a person. General anesthesia is an element that helps during surgery, but complicates life immediately after it, and therefore it is advisable to quickly get rid of its consequences. With proper restoration measures, its effect on the body can be completely neutralized in a short period of time.

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Here you will learn how to care for your child after general anesthesia or anesthesia.

What can your child do?

During the first 6 hours after anesthesia or the use of sedatives, the child may experience dizziness and imbalance. On this day, he should limit himself to only quiet activities: watching TV or videos, listening to music, playing quiet games.

If the operation or examination under anesthesia was performed on an outpatient basis and you and your child return home after it, do not allow him to do anything that requires a good sense of balance that day. Playing football or hockey, roller skating, cycling, swimming and other active games should be postponed until tomorrow. Today the child must remain under your supervision. He will be able to return to his normal lifestyle and activities tomorrow unless the doctor orders otherwise.

What can a child eat and drink?

After anesthesia, it is very important to drink. Give your child non-carbonated liquid or liquid food: water, broth, clear, still lemonade, clear juices.

If your child doesn't have an upset stomach and doesn't feel sick after drinking, he or she can eat a small meal, such as a small portion of soup with toast or a cracker. But for now, do not give him heavy food, fried foods, sandwiches, food containing milk and dairy products (cheese, yoghurt, ice cream). After anesthesia, they may cause abdominal pain or vomiting.

How to help with an upset stomach

If your child has a stomach ache or is vomiting, give him small amounts of water often. Give him a small piece of dried bread or a cracker to eat, which often relieves an upset stomach.

If abdominal pain or nausea lasts more than 6 hours after you come out of anesthesia, tell your doctor or call an ambulance immediately.

How to help a child with pain

If your child is undergoing outpatient surgery under anesthesia, consult with your doctor in advance about what pain medication can be given to your child at home if necessary. If you are in a hospital and your child complains of pain after surgery under anesthesia, call your doctor.

Weakness in the legs

If your child's anesthetic was injected into the spine in the lower back, the anesthesia is called an epidural. After such anesthesia, the child may experience weakness in the legs. It should go away in a few hours. Monitor your child closely until his legs become strong again.

How to help a child with a fever

Often, after anesthesia and surgery, children have a slight fever. It should drop to normal within about a day. Give your child plenty of water and antipyretic medications prescribed by the doctor. If your temperature remains high, contact your doctor.

If something in your child’s condition worries you, contact the doctor immediately, and do not wait until your next scheduled visit to the doctor.

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Symptoms

Fever is usually accompanied by:

General malaise, drowsiness.
Trembling, chills, followed by a feeling of heat.
Decreased or lack of appetite.
Loss of body weight.
Pain in muscles, joints.
Increased skin sensitivity.

Increased blood pressure and tachycardia (increased heart rate) are classic symptoms of a temperature reaction.

In some diseases they are absent, but the opposite phenomenon may occur – bradycardia.

Infection

Infection is one of the most common causes of fever after knee surgery or other surgery. The group of common infectious complications includes:

surgical wound infection;
urinary tract infections;
respiratory system infections.

According to clinical observations, the assumption of infection is more correct the later the fever appears.

Temperature after abdominal surgery for appendicitis is observed, as a rule, with delayed intervention and the presence of peritonitis. If the lumen of the digestive, respiratory and urinary tract is opened, the wound is considered conditionally contaminated, the risk of purulent infection increases by 5–10% compared to a clean wound surface (during prosthetics, hernia repair). Open fractures and fecal peritonitis belong to the group of contaminated wounds, in which infection is observed in almost 50% of cases.

It is necessary to pay attention not only to the presence of fever.

It is important to evaluate its duration, time of occurrence, the presence of sharp drops and rises in temperature, as well as symptoms indicating the location of the lesion.

For example, if the temperature after heart surgery is combined with weakness, chills and the appearance of heart murmurs, there is reason to suspect infective endocarditis.

Phlebothrombosis

Clinical manifestations of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities:

Weakness, increased body temperature.
Swelling and pain in the limb.
Pale or bluish coloration of the skin.

Thyrotoxic crisis

One of the most likely endocrine disorders in the postoperative period is thyrotoxic crisis - a condition caused by a sharp increase in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood.

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The patient’s condition after general anesthesia, quality in a good clinic:

No pain during treatment.
No nausea or vomiting after surgery.
Absence of chills, trembling (sometimes it is impossible to do without these symptoms after surgery).
During operations, constant monitoring of breathing and blood circulation is carried out.
Monitoring of electrical activity of the brain, control of muscle conduction, temperature control.

After the operation, the patient is given anesthesia; if this is not enough, the patients inject themselves by pressing a button.

For this purpose, special devices have appeared that the patient carries with him constantly.

Doctors then monitor how many times the patient presses the button, using these calculations to determine the degree of recovery of the patient.

Thanks to this, the time after surgery passes comfortably.

Before taking general anesthesia, consider:

Your weight or body mass index.
Medical history, tests, permission from specialists for anesthesia are studied.
Patient's age.
Current medications taken and allergic reactions to them.
The patient's consumption of alcohol or drugs.
Dental examination, as well as the oral cavity and respiratory tract.

General anesthesia, what is it:

General anesthesia, a state of coma, sleep in which the patient does not feel pain. He is not in pain, there are no reactions. The man seems unconscious.

General anesthesia is administered intravenously or inhaled.

Medicines are administered by an anesthesiologist, a specialist who monitors the patient's vital signs and breathing during surgery.

There are four stages:

Induction or first stage:

Characterized by the onset of drug administration and loss of sensitivity (consciousness).

Excitation stage – second stage:

There is delusional, excited activity. Heartbeats and breathing are erratic.

Nausea and dilated pupils may occur.

There is a danger of suffocation. Modern drugs limit the time for the two stages described above.

Surgical anesthesia or third stage:

When it occurs, all muscles relax and breathing is suppressed. Eye movement slows and then stops. The patient is ready for surgery.

Overdose stage, if your anesthesia dose was calculated incorrectly:

Leads to cardiovascular and respiratory failure.

As you understand, the fourth stage is an exception to the rule, but it sometimes happens, as everywhere and always.

Why do they do general anesthesia, and not anesthesia of only the necessary area of the body?

Under what circumstances is it prescribed?

The operation takes a long time.
Risk of major blood loss.
According to the patient's well-being.

Modern surgical treatment is an absolutely safe intervention.

Immediately after anesthesia you may feel:

Difficulty passing urine.
Bruising, pain on the arm due to the IV during surgery.
Constant nausea, possible vomiting.
Trembling and feeling cold, you will shake, and at first it will be difficult to warm up.
Sore throat (due to the presence of a breathing tube during surgery).
You will not feel pain; nurses will constantly administer pain relief.

But there are groups at greater risk for consequences:

Elderly people undergoing long-term operations are at risk of serious consequences.

After anesthesia, they can suffer a heart attack, amnesia (memory loss), stroke and even pneumonia.

Of course, it’s good that now you can have surgery and recover, if not for the consequences after it. They are.

The consequences are early and appear later.

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Complications of anesthesia

Adverse events of this procedure can be divided into two groups (according to the time of their occurrence):

Occur during the procedure.
They develop at different times after the operation is completed.

During the operation:

From the respiratory system: sudden cessation of breathing, bronchospasm, laryngospasm, pathological restoration of spontaneous breathing, pulmonary edema, cessation of breathing after its restoration.
From the cardiovascular system: increased heart rate (tachycardia), slowing (bradycardia) and disturbance (arrhythmia). Fall in blood pressure.
From the nervous system: convulsions, hyperthermia (increase in body temperature), hypothermia (decrease in body temperature), vomiting, tremor (shivering), hypoxia and cerebral edema.

After the operation is completed

After general anesthesia, a number of complications develop, some of which require long-term treatment:

From the respiratory system.

From the nervous system.

Complications of local anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia

Spinal and epidural anesthesia replaces anesthesia. These types of anesthesia are completely devoid of side effects of anesthesia, but their implementation has its own complications and consequences:

Headache and dizziness. A common side effect that appears in the first days after surgery and ends with recovery. Rarely, headaches are persistent and continue for a long time after surgery. But as a rule, such a psychosomatic condition, that is, is caused by the patient’s suspiciousness.
Paresthesia(tingling, crawling sensation on the skin of the lower extremities) and loss of sensitivity in areas of the skin of the legs and torso. It does not require treatment and goes away on its own within a few days.
Constipation. Often occur during the first three days after surgery as a consequence of anesthesia of the nerve fibers innervating the intestines. Once nerve sensitivity is restored, function is restored. In the first days, taking mild laxatives and folk remedies helps.
Neuralgia of the spinal nerves. Consequence of nerve injury during puncture. A characteristic manifestation is pain in the innervated area that persists for several months. Physical therapy and physiotherapy help speed up the process of its recovery.
Hematoma (bleeding) at the puncture site. Accompanied by pain in the damaged area, headaches and dizziness. When the hematoma resolves, there is an increase in body temperature. As a rule, the condition ends in recovery.

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Loss of strength, constant fatigue, elevated body temperature (37.2), stress Good day! I am asking you for help because I am already tired of my constant uncomfortable state. It all started a year ago, in August 2014. Then, after experiencing stress (associated with the upcoming operation on the tailbone, but it did not take place due to lack of need), my blood pressure began to rise to 180/100 and was accompanied by panic attacks and attacks of fear. Before this, I never had any problems with fear, panic, or pressure. After undergoing a bunch of different examinations, it turned out that I am completely healthy and my entire condition is associated with attacks of fear and stress. For 2 months I took a huge number of drugs (glycine, Zelenin drops, captopril, anaprilin, teraligen, sermion, phenazipam, etc.). In general, each doctor offered his own treatment, but unfortunately my condition did not improve. I even quit smoking for almost a month! And then after some time everything improved by itself and the condition returned to normal. Only occasionally did a feeling of fear appear, but it quickly passed (20-40 minutes). Almost a year passed and I was very windy, I couldn’t turn my neck or my back, and literally the next day I again had familiar syndromes - a feeling of fear and a state of stress. After seeing a doctor and undergoing a course of treatment, the pain went away. And a little later in my life there was stress related to my personal life. I took it very close to my heart (like everything that happens in my life). And for almost 4 months now I have been worried about: elevated body temperature (37. - 37.5), internal discomfort (feelings of excitement and some panic), loss of strength, mood swings, periodic dizziness. All this is further aggravated by constant thoughts about a break in my personal life. I underwent examinations in many areas: a complete blood test (general, detailed, hepatitis, HIV, blood tests, immunostatus, malaria and much more that I no longer remember), fluorography, CT of the spine, MRI of the brain with the system, MRI of the kidneys and adrenal glands , ultrasound of the abdominal organs, heart scans, thyroid scans (+ hormones), blood for tumor markers and much more. Honestly, I can’t remember everything anymore. Now I’m almost sure that my problem is in my head, or rather in my brain, which does not live calmly and measuredly. In turn, I note that physical exercise (swimming pool) and communication with friends in large groups help, but work takes a lot of time and it’s not always possible to find time for yourself. And the work, by the way, is routine and does not help to distract from your condition. I kindly ask you to help me, with advice or a recommendation, or an appointment! Because this condition really makes it difficult to lead a normal lifestyle. Thank you in advance!