Temperature working conditions in the workplace. The air temperature in the room according to sanitary standards

A person spends almost the entire conscious part of his life in the workplace. It is for this reason that the requirements that regulate the hygienic requirements of the microclimate in the premises where people work are natural. It is very important to comply with all these norms and rules in office-type premises, where a person uses mainly mental activity. And for this type of work is characterized by relative physical inactivity. This leads to the fact that the negative consequences of an incorrect operating mode are even more aggravated.

The legislation provides for a number of laws regarding the temperature regime in office-type premises, as well as the responsibility of the owner (employer) for their non-compliance and violation.

Temperature regime and microclimate very strongly affects the performance and well-being of a person. Low or high air temperature, which has a long-term effect on a working person, not only negatively affects human health, but also greatly reduces the productivity of his work. People working in office space perform a wide variety of activities, most of which require being in one specific position for a long period. Basically it is a sedentary and sitting position:

1. Making decisions.
2. Communication with customers.
3. Paperwork.
4. Working at a computer and other similar professions.

Physical inactivity and mental labor do not coexist very well with the uncomfortable temperature conditions of the air in an office-type room.

After conducting many experiments, the researchers found that even slight deviations in air temperature have such a strong effect on the efficiency of work in the office that if it is impossible to provide the desired microclimate, it makes sense to shorten the working day.

It is very important to ensure the appropriate temperature conditions in the office. This is the obligation of the employer under the law, regardless of the level of subordination and form of ownership of the organization.

Optimum or comfort

Every person who works in the office wants to carry out their activities in conditions of maximum comfort. But this concept is highly subjective, as it is tied to the personal feelings of each individual. And these feelings, as you know, are different for everyone. What is an excellent option for one individual may be simply unacceptable for another. It is because of this that such a concept as “comfortable conditions” is not used in regulations and office documentation.

Instead of the subjective term “comfort”, a more definite and precise parameter “optimal conditions” is used in professional vocabulary. As for the optimum air temperature, this value is determined by complex calculations and physiological studies. The calculation takes into account the average needs of a person.

The requirement for optimal temperature conditions belongs to the legislative area. This is fixed in certain regulatory documents.

SanPiN for the protection of human health

All standards are collected in a special code of the Russian Federation. This code defines optimal health and hygiene standards for various areas of human activity, including employment. These documents relate to the technical and medical fields. At the same time, it is also legislative, and it is for this reason that it is necessary to comply with all these norms.

The abbreviation SanPiN is deciphered as follows - sanitary rules and norms. The document that regulates optimal conditions at the workplace is called SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 and is as follows: hygienic requirements for the microclimate in industrial premises. These SanPiN provides labor protection regulations for office employees and workers in production. These SanPiN were adopted within the framework of Federal Law No. 52 of March 30, 1999 "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population."

Compliance with SanPiN requirements by the employer is supported by articles of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation No. 209 and 212. They deal with liability in case of non-compliance by the employer with the rules of labor protection and health, as well as timely measures taken for rehabilitation, treatment and prevention, sanitary and household and other similar nature. Article No. 163 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation prescribes that the employer must take a set of measures in order to ensure an optimal working microclimate.

What measures can be taken

The solution to this problem can be the following options:

1. Equipment for recreation of a special room.
2. Transfer of a worker to another workplace.
3. Earlier dissolution of those working from home.
4. Additional breaks.

If the employer refuses to comply with the requirements for optimal performance, then he can be charged with two offenses at the same time.

1. Violation of sanitary norms and rules (temperature standards in the room do not correspond to standard indicators).
2. Ignoring labor legislation due to the fact that people work in inappropriate conditions.

If the boss is inactive in this situation and does not agree to provide employees with another workplace, then the time that he was in unfavorable conditions is equal to the shift (daily working day) in duration. In other words, one can freely talk about the processing of an employee at the initiative of the boss, with all the ensuing financial and legal consequences.

Seasonal requirements for air temperature in office premises

In the warm and cold seasons, the optimal indoor air temperature conditions are achieved in different ways. Based on this, we can conclude that the requirements for the microclimate in the room will be different. Accordingly, the measures provided for by SanPiN, in the event that it is impossible to ensure the optimal temperature regime or it is violated, will also have differences.

To not be too hot

For health and performance, a long stay in a room where the air temperature is very high is especially detrimental. In a working indoor environment, this heat and stuffiness can be exacerbated by a large crowd of people, the presence of office equipment in operation, and compliance with a specially introduced dress code.

It is because of this that the optimal temperature values ​​\u200b\u200band permissible maximum values ​​\u200b\u200bin the hot season were established by law. For office workers with air humidity of 40–60%, they are 23–25 degrees. The temperature can rise up to 28 degrees.

Exceeding the air temperature in the office in the summer

If inside the office the thermometer deviates from the optimum by at least 2 degrees, then it becomes much more difficult to work. The employer will need to install air conditioning in the employees' room and ensure that it works well, as well as timely service.

If suddenly, for some reason, this is not done, then the employee should not meekly endure the unbearable heat, while still trying to meet all professional requirements. SanPiN allow with good reason to shorten the standard working eight-hour day for the employee, for which they were calculated the following temperature requirements:

Many workers note the negative impact of air conditioning on their health, which is compared with stuffiness and heat in terms of harm. According to the same requirements of SanPiN, together with humidity and temperature indicators, the speed of movement of air in the room is limited, which should be in the range from 0.1 to 0.3 m / s. From these requirements of SanPiN, it follows that an employee should not be under the jet of a blowing air conditioner.

Cold is the enemy of work

No work can be argued in a cold room, especially in an office, when the body cannot warm itself with movement. There are such categories of working professions in which for a short time it is permissible to lower the temperature of the air to 15 degrees, but this does not apply to those people who work in the office.

Inside the office space in cold weather, the temperature regime must be observed in the range from 22 to 24 degrees. It is possible to fluctuate these values, but not more than 2 degrees. For a short period of time, the thermometer can deviate from the permissible norm by a maximum of 4 degrees.

What to do if the office space is cold

Only in the event that the air temperature does not drop below 20 degrees, the working staff is required to be at the workplace full time (8 hours). With each lower degree, the norm of working hours is reduced:

Temperature measurements and their features

Observe the accuracy of temperature measurements. This is due to the fact that each degree plays a special role in the duration of working time.

If employees or the employer are unscrupulous, then it may be tempting to underestimate or overestimate the true temperature values. It is possible that an error is made due to the fact that the instrument you are measuring is incorrectly placed or defective.

To avoid complications with the determination of air temperature indicators, SanPiN is required to place the device at a distance of 1 meter above the floor.

What is the responsibility of the employer if he does not comply with the requirements of the office microclimate

If for some reason the employer refuses to install an air conditioner (fan) in the summer and a heater in the winter, thereby maintaining the optimal temperature regime in the norm, then his subordinates should not tolerate this because they might get fired. You can contact the sanitary and epidemiological service. She will definitely come to your enterprise with a check. If during the inspection the complaint is confirmed, then the authorities cannot avoid responsibility for failure to comply with the requirements of SanPiN.

And also for non-compliance with the requirements, the employer faces a fine of approximately 12 thousand rubles. If, after a re-inspection, the same violations are again revealed, then its activities will be suspended for 3 months in accordance with Article 6.3 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.

Temperature in the workplace: sanitary norms and rules from 2016

From 1.01.2017 all employers and employees must comply with the new requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service, which are related to physical factors in the workplace. This was approved by the decision of the Chief Sanitary State Doctor of the Russian Federation dated June 21, 2016 Order No. 81. The updated sanitary standards and rules define the impact on the human body and its activities of such indicators as:

It is customary to call the standards the maximum permissible level of a particular factor, as well as its impact on a person who is at least 8 hours at the workplace, within the permissible limits. This impact should not lead to deviations in the state of health or diseases (SanPiN 2.2.4.3359-16 clause 1.4).

Due to the fact that new sanitary requirements have been introduced, some of the old ones have ceased to operate since January 2017. One of these is SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 about "Electromagnetic fields in production conditions".

Today, the question of what should be the temperature in the workplace according to sanitary rules is relevant for workers and employers.

Sanitary rules for air temperature in the workplace

Sanitary rules establish optimal temperature indicators in the workplace. These indicators include:

1. The speed of air movement.
2. Relative humidity.
3. surface temperature.
4. Air temperature.

Normal sanitary indicators for cold and warm seasons are determined separately. The cold season is considered to be the period when the average daily outdoor air temperature has approached 10 degrees and below. If outside the window is more than this value, then it can be considered a warm season.

The temperature readings in an office space are slightly different in winter and summer. In any period a person needs a thermal balance with the environment.

In addition to all this, depending on the energy consumption of a person, different thermometer indicators are provided in various fields of activity.

Requirements for measurement methods and organization of microclimate control in accordance with sanitary standards

Measurements of microclimatic indicators in order to control their compliance with sanitary standards should be carried out during the warm season- on those days when the outside air temperature differs from the maximum average temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 degrees, and in cold weather - when the difference from the coldest month is not more than 5 degrees. The frequency of such measurements is determined by the functioning of sanitary and technological equipment, as well as the stability of the production process.

When choosing the time and sites for measurements, it is worth considering all the factors that affect the microclimate of the workplace (functioning of heating and ventilation systems, phases of the technological process, etc.). It is worth measuring microclimatic indicators at least 3 times per shift. If the indicators associated with technological and other reasons fluctuate, then additional measurements should be taken at the lowest and highest values ​​of the thermal load on the employee.

Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If your place of work is several production sites, then the indicators should be measured at each separately.

If there is a source of local moisture release, cooling or heat release (open bathtubs, heated units, gates, doorways, windows and others like them), then you need to measure the indicators at points that maximum and minimum distance from the thermal source of exposure.

In those premises where there is a high density of jobs, but there are no sources of moisture release, cooling and heat release, the places for measuring microclimatic indicators, relative to the speed of movement and air humidity, should be evenly distributed over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room according to the following principle:

1. The area of ​​the room is up to 100 square meters - the number of measured sections is 4.
2. From 100 to 400 meters - 8.
3. Over 400 - the distance between the sections should not be more than 10 meters.

During sedentary work movement speed and temperature indicators should be measured at heights of 0.1 and 1 meter from the floor, and relative air humidity - 1 meter from the working platform or floor. When standing still, the speed and temperature are measured at heights of 1 and 1.5 meters, and the relative humidity is 1.5 meters.

If there is a radiant heat source, then at the workplace, thermal exposure is measured from each source, placing the device perpendicular to the incident stream. These measurements are carried out at heights of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 meters from the working platform or floor.

The temperature on the surfaces is measured in cases where the place of work is removed from them at a distance of no more than 2 meters.

Relative humidity and air temperature in the presence of sources of air currents and thermal radiation at workplaces measured with aspiration psychrometers. If such sources are not available, then the relative humidity and temperature regime of the air can be measured with psychrometers, which are not protected from the effects of the speed of movement and thermal radiation of the air. You can also use those devices that separately measure humidity and air temperature.

The speed of air movement is measured by rotary anemometers (cup, vane and others). Small values ​​​​of air movement speed (less than 0.5 meters per second), especially if there are multidirectional flows, are measured by thermoelectric anemometers, as well as ball and cylindrical catathermometers, if they are protected from thermal radiation.

The temperature on the surfaces measured by remote (pyrometers) or contact (electrothermometer) devices.

The intensity of thermal irradiation is measured by instruments that provide the sensor's visibility angle as close as possible to the hemisphere (not less than 160 degrees), sensitive in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum (radiometers, actinometers, and others).

The permissible error of measuring instruments and the measuring range must comply with the following criteria:

Based on the results of the study, a protocol is drawn up, which reflects general information about the production facility, the placement of sanitary and technological equipment, sources of moisture release, cooling, heat release; all schemes for the placement of measurement sites for all necessary microclimate parameters and other data are given.

Ultimately, at the end of the protocol, the results of the measurements performed must be evaluated in accordance with regulatory sanitary requirements.

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Greetings, dear friends! I don’t know about you, but in Novosibirsk we have a relatively cold period for November. It seems sunny, dry, but due to humidity and a northeast breeze, it is quite cold.

I think that work at low temperatures can be tried to reduce. How to do this, you will learn from this note.

The main thing here is to understand at what temperatures it becomes possible to shorten the working day.

Taking into account the requirements of the Labor Code, the hygiene standards contained in the sanitary rules and regulations (“R 2.2.2006-05. Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors in the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions” and “SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 2.2.4. Physical factors of the production environment. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary rules and norms, which, among other things, establish optimal and permissible temperature indicators for workplaces), the head of the company may decide to reduce the working day or stop working at extremely low or high temperatures.

But this may be required by the employees themselves. According to Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, an employee has the right to a workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions stipulated by the collective agreement. According to the law “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population”, working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have a harmful effect on a person. And what if not cold in the workplace can lead to hypothermia and human illness?

Thus, the employer is obliged to control the microclimate at the enterprise, including the temperature in the workplace. Temperature measurement at workplaces is carried out using a thermometer or psychrometer at least 3 times per working day (shift).

After measurements, it is necessary to draw up a protocol in which to substantiate and evaluate the measurements performed for compliance with the regulatory requirements of the Sanitary Rules. Only after carrying out all the necessary measurements, the employer can decide to reduce the working day of employees on the basis of the norms of the Sanitary Rules and retain full wages for employees, taking into account the fact that the ambient temperature does not correspond to permissible values.

If the work is related to the implementation of labor activities in the open air, then Article 109 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for special breaks for heating at low temperatures. These breaks are included in the total working time.

And in judicial practice there were precedents when employees defended their right to a warm workplace.

In Ruling of the St. Petersburg City Court dated October 25, 2010 No. 14529, a state-owned enterprise was issued an order to eliminate violations, including non-compliance with the temperature regime in the premises of the enterprise and at workplaces.

And in the Decree of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Volga-Vyatka District dated December 11, 2008 No. A82-653 / 2008-9, the court indicated that the employer did not provide safe working conditions for his employee, which led to an accident at work during the worker's insulation of windows due to poor maintenance of the building , expressed in the non-insulation of window sashes for work in the autumn-winter period, as a result of which the air temperature at the workplace was below normal.

For reference:

At what temperatures in the office is a shortened working day possible?

Working conditions are regulated by sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises".

According to the document, those who work indoors are conditionally divided into five categories:

• sedentary work. This includes managers, office workers, workers in the clothing and watch industries. For them, the most comfortable room temperature is + 22 ° С - + 24 ° С.
• if you spend the whole day on your feet. For example, these are controllers, sales consultants. They should work at +21°С - +23°С.
• work involves some physical stress. For example, tour guides, employees of cleaning shops at machine-building enterprises. The optimum temperature for them is + 19 ° С - + 21 ° С.
• work associated with walking and carrying loads up to ten kilograms. Basically, these are factory workers - locksmiths, welders. For them, the temperature in the room should be + 17 ° С - +19 ° С.
• involves heavy physical labor, for example, in foundries and blacksmith shops. The same category includes loaders who carry furniture and equipment heavier than ten kilograms. For them, the temperature is somewhat lower - + 16°C - + 18°C.

If the temperature at the workplace drops by 1 degree below normal, the working time is reduced by 1 hour.

Thus, at a temperature of +19°C, the working day of an office worker will be 7 hours, +18°C - 6 hours, and so on. At a temperature of + 12 ° C and below, work stops and, in accordance with Article 157 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, working hours in this case are paid by the employer in the amount of at least two-thirds of the tariff rate.

However, I want to note that SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 do not have the status of regulatory legal acts, and therefore, the requirements established by these acts cannot be considered mandatory, and are only advisory in nature.

If the workplace is located in unheated premises or work is carried out in the open air, one can be guided by “MP 2.2.7.2129-06. Work and rest regimes for workers in cold weather in an open area or in unheated premises, as well as regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

1. Article 21 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - the employee has the right to a workplace that meets the state regulatory requirements for labor protection and the conditions provided for by the collective agreement.

2. At the same time, Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation obliges the employer, among other things, to ensure that labor conditions comply with labor protection requirements at each workplace; organization of control over the state of working conditions at workplaces, as well as over the correct use of personal and collective protective equipment by employees.

3. Based on Article 219 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, each employee has the right, including the right to a workplace that meets the requirements of labor protection.

4. At the federal level, the requirements for working conditions are regulated by the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” (hereinafter - Law No. 52-FZ).

4.1. In particular, paragraph 1 of Art. 25 says that working conditions, the workplace and the labor process should not have a harmful effect on a person. Requirements for ensuring safe working conditions for a person are established by sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

4.2. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 25 of Law No. 52-FZ, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities are required to take sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures to ensure safe working conditions for humans and comply with the requirements of sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for production processes and technological equipment, organization of workplaces, collective and individual means of protection of workers, the regime of work, rest and welfare of workers in order to prevent injuries, occupational diseases, infectious diseases and diseases (poisoning) associated with working conditions.

5. In accordance with clause 4.2 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. “2.2.4. Physical factors of the production environment. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises. Sanitary Rules and Norms” indicators of the microclimate should ensure the preservation of the thermal balance of a person with the environment and the maintenance of an optimal or acceptable thermal state of the body.

5.1. Based on clause 4.3 of SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96, indicators characterizing the microclimate in industrial premises are, among other things, air temperature, air velocity.

6. “MR 2.2.7.2129-06. Work and rest regimes for workers in cold weather in an open area or in unheated premises, as well as on regulatory documents of the regional and / or municipal level.

That's all for me. Until new notes!

One of the main tasks of the employer can be considered the provision of a favorable microclimate in the workplace.

However, many tenants do not comply with the temperature requirements, thereby violating the law.

What should be the temperature in the room according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation?

Article navigation

Is the employer obligated to monitor the temperature in the room?

Article 212 can answer this question, according to which the employer will be held administratively liable for sanitary work not carried out on time.

The list of these measures also includes compliance with the temperature regime established by the Sanitary Norms and Rules (SanPiN), since too low or vice versa high temperature can lead to a decrease in the energy level and, as a result, its performance.

Accordingly, if the employer evades this obligation, he violates the law and must be punished.

We can say that the employer is obliged to monitor the temperature during the entire working period.

Temperature regimes at different times of the year

The temperature in the room in the summer, according to the Labor Code, should not be higher than:

• 28 degrees Celsius for 8 hours of operation.
• 30 degrees Celsius for 5 hours of operation.
• 31 degrees Celsius for 3 hours of operation.
• 32 degrees Celsius for 2 hours of operation.
• 32.5 degrees Celsius for 1 hour of operation.

Working at temperatures above 32.5 degrees is considered dangerous. The employer has some way to avoid the heat, namely: install special equipment (air conditioners, fans) in the work premises or reduce the number of working hours by special order.

The temperature in the room in winter, according to the Labor Code, should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius. If it does not meet the standards, the employer must install a heater in the workroom or reduce the number of working hours. The Labor Code establishes the following temporary standards at low temperatures:

• no more than 7 hours of operation at 19 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 6 hours of operation at 18 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 5 hours of operation at 17 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 4 hours of operation at 16 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 3 hours of operation at 15 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 2 hours of operation at 14 degrees Celsius.
• no more than 1 hour of operation at 13 degrees Celsius.

Labor regulations have established that working at temperatures below 13 degrees Celsius is dangerous.

Summarizing the above data, we can say that the indoor temperature in summer should not exceed 28 degrees Celsius, and in winter should not fall below 20 degrees Celsius.

What should an employee do if the employer does not comply with the temperature regime?

Salaried workers often face negligent attitude of the employer. What to do in this case? There are several options:

• ask the employer to normalize the temperature with the help of equipment (air conditioning, heater)
• demand a reduction in hours of work in accordance with the regulations
• file a complaint with the CPS
• ask for help from the labor inspectorate

With the last two options, a special check will be conducted at the place of work, during which it will be established whether an offense has been committed.

As a result, we can say that the employee has several legitimate methods of influencing.

What punishment threatens the employer for non-compliance with the temperature regime?

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses, an employer who violates sanitary standards will be fined up to 20 thousand rubles, or his activity will be suspended for a certain period.

What external factors affect employee performance? Such a question, of course, should be asked by any leader who wants to take care of his subordinates and increase monthly revenue. Unfortunately, features that are obvious at first glance often go unnoticed. So, for example, at enterprises, both small and large, temperature standards at the workplace are often ignored. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the fact that not every employee will be able to fully work, freezing or suffering from unbearable heat.

Who regulates the weather at work?

Are there official documents regulating such indicators? Yes, there are. These are SanPin norms for temperature in the workplace. The regulations given in them apply to absolutely all companies and all employees (regardless of the size of the company and its nationality).

All information in the norms can be divided into two main blocks: temperature recommendations for various categories of employees and the employer's responsibility for their violation. Among other things, the norm of air temperature in the workplace is also regulated by the 212th article of the Labor Code of our country, which states that the employer is obligated to provide favorable conditions and conditions for work, as well as rest for his employees.

How to protect yourself in the workplace?

What can an employee do if the temperature at the workplace is above normal? If a person is aware of the real risks to his health in such a situation, then it is quite possible to temporarily refuse to perform his duties. To do this, it is necessary to draw up an official written statement and transfer it to higher management.

The document must contain information that the performance of the work stipulated by the concluded employment contract threatens certain health risks. It would be useful to refer to the 379th article of the Labor Code, which contains information about the legality of such intentions. If the paper is drawn up in accordance with all the rules, then the employee will not only not lose, but will retain all existing rights. However, do not overdo it in your desire to take a break from work, it is likely that the authorities will offer you alternative options.

How to get around the law without breaking it?

The leadership also has its loopholes and detours. The thing is that SanPin in its documentation indicates such a concept as “stay time”, and not “length of the working day”. Simply put, an employer is not always required to let an employee go home early when they are uncomfortable in order to comply with the law. He can take the following actions:

• Organize an additional break in the middle of the working day in a room with more acceptable conditions for relaxation.
• Transfer workers to another location that meets the requirements.

summer workplace temperature

Of course, office employees are most concerned about the temperature standards in the workplace, but it is difficult to say what this trend is connected with. It should be noted that managers, secretaries and other employees of intellectual labor belong to the category of workers with minor physical exertion. It is generally accepted that the normal temperature for them should range from 22.2 to 26.4 (20-28) degrees Celsius. Any deviation from the established figures should lead to a reduction in the working day. The reduction scheme looks like this:

• 28 degrees - 8 hours;
• 28.5 degrees - 7 hours;
• 29 degrees - 6 hours and so on.

According to a similar algorithm, the term for performing work duties in the office is reduced to a temperature of 32.5 degrees above zero. With such initial data, no more than one hour is allowed to work. With the above work, it is completely required to cancel or transfer to another room.

temperature in winter

It should be noted that employees in the workplace can suffer not only from stuffiness and heat, but also from cold (such situations are even more dangerous, but they are much less common). What is the minimum acceptable temperature in the workplace? To begin with, let's discuss the algorithm of the day in cool conditions for office workers. The number of working hours for them begins to decrease from 20 degrees according to the following scheme:

• 19 degrees - 7-hour;
• 18 degrees - 6 hours;
• 17 degrees - 5 hours and so on.

The final mark of 13 degrees Celsius implies the work of an office employee in an unheated room for one hour, at lower rates of work it is necessary to cancel altogether.

It should be noted that the above norms apply exclusively to industrial and office premises, there are also requirements for social facilities, but they are slightly different. For example, the recommended temperature for clinics is about 20-22 degrees.

Classification of all professions

SanPin norms for temperature at the workplace are different for each category of employees. In total, there are three main categories, of which two are also divided into additional subgroups:

• 1a. Energy consumption up to 139 W. Insignificant physical activity, performance of labor duties in a sitting position.
• 1b. Energy consumption from 140 to 174 W. Slight physical exertion when performing duties that can be performed both sitting and standing.
• 2a. Energy consumption from 175 W to 232 W. Moderate physical stress, the need for regular walking, moving loads weighing up to 1 kg in a sitting position.
• 2b. Energy consumption 233-290 W. Active, but moderate physical activity, which consists in constant walking and moving loads weighing up to 10 kilograms.
• 3. Energy consumption from 290 W. Intense load, requiring considerable strength and impact. It consists in walking, carrying large loads.

You should not assume that the higher the category of the employee, the more scrupulously the temperature standards at the workplace should be observed in the summer and in the winter season. In fact, the law requires to protect each person very carefully. Moreover, people engaged in active physical labor endure coolness much easier, as they have the opportunity to warm themselves from the efforts made.

Where to turn for help?

What to do if the temperature standards at the workplace are violated, and the management continues to force employees to work? In this situation, time that goes beyond the boundaries given in the laws can be considered processing. And processing, as you know, should be paid at double the rate.

Where can I complain about the fact that the temperature standards in the workplace are occasionally or regularly violated? Unfortunately, there is no official institution dealing with this issue. However, if necessary, all their complaints regarding the unsatisfactory organization of conditions in the workplace, employees can send to the local labor inspectorate, which will be able to record the complaint and initiate proceedings on it.

In addition to your wishes for organizing a comfortable temperature at the workplace in your company, you can send them to Rospotrebnadzor, they will also help you resolve a dispute with the employer.

The amount of punishment and its types

What punishment can an unlucky employer run into? The simplest is the usual fine, the size of which can range from 10 to 20 thousand rubles. Much worse for any organization is a temporary suspension of its activities, which can last up to 90 days. To avoid punishment, it is necessary either to improve the existing conditions, or the employee to the required norm in this case.

How to fix violations?

How can you achieve the required temperature at the workplace in summer? Perhaps the only effective way to solve this issue is to install modern air conditioners, as well as maintaining the existing ventilation system at a high level. No open windows and drafts will help create comfortable conditions in the heat, but only ensure the distillation of heated air from room to room. Another disadvantage of this method is the high risk of colds among people in the room.

With regard to the need to increase the air temperature, the most appropriate is the use of a central heating system.

Sanitary rules and norms SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises" (approved by the Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation of October 1, 1996 N 21)

See also Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03 "Hygienic requirements for the aeroionic composition of the air in industrial public premises", approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on April 18, 2003.

Hygienic requirements for occupational microclimate

Relative humidity;

air speed;

Intensity of thermal irradiation.

5. Optimal microclimate conditions

5.1. Optimal microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the optimal thermal and functional state of a person. They provide a general and local feeling of thermal comfort during an 8-hour work shift with minimal stress on thermoregulation mechanisms, do not cause deviations in health status, create preconditions for a high level of performance and are preferred in the workplace.

5.2. The optimal values ​​of microclimate indicators must be observed at the workplaces of industrial premises where operator-type work is performed associated with neuro-emotional stress (in cabins, on consoles and control posts for technological processes, in computer rooms, etc.). The list of other jobs and types of work in which optimal microclimate values ​​must be ensured are determined by the Sanitary Rules for individual industries and other documents agreed with the bodies of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance in the prescribed manner.

See Rules for labor protection in logging, woodworking industries and during forestry work POT RM 001 - 97, approved by Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of March 21, 1997 N 15

5.3. The optimal parameters of the microclimate at workplaces must correspond to the values ​​given in

5.4. Changes in air temperature along the height and horizontally, as well as changes in air temperature during the shift, while ensuring optimal microclimate values ​​at workplaces, should not exceed 2 ° C and go beyond the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in Table 1 for certain categories of work.

Table 1

6. Permissible microclimate conditions

6.1. Permissible microclimatic conditions are established according to the criteria for the permissible thermal and functional state of a person for the period of an 8-hour working day. They do not cause damage or health problems, but can lead to general and local sensations of thermal discomfort, tension in the mechanisms of thermoregulation, deterioration in well-being and decreased performance.

6.2. Permissible values ​​of microclimate indicators are established in cases where, due to technological requirements, technical and economically justified reasons, optimal values ​​cannot be provided.

6.3. Permissible values ​​​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in in relation to the performance of work of various categories in the cold and warm periods of the year.

6.4. When ensuring acceptable microclimate values ​​at workplaces:

The difference in air temperature along the height should be no more than 3 ° C;

The horizontal air temperature difference, as well as its changes during the shift, should not exceed: at - 4°C; at - 5°C; at - 6°C.

In this case, the absolute values ​​of the air temperature should not go beyond the values ​​specified in for certain categories of work.

6.5. At an air temperature at workplaces of 25 ° C and above, the maximum allowable values ​​of relative air humidity should not exceed:

70% - at an air temperature of 25°C;

65% - at an air temperature of 26°C;

60% - at an air temperature of 27°C;

55% - at an air temperature of 28°C.

6.6. At an air temperature of 26-28°C, the air velocity indicated in Table 2 for the warm period of the year should correspond to the range:

0.1-0.2 m/s - for work category Ia;

0.1-0.3 m/s - for work category Ib;

0.2-0.4 m / s - for the category of work IIa;

table 2

Permissible values ​​of microclimate indicators at workplaces of industrial premises

6.7. Permissible values ​​of the intensity of thermal exposure of workers at workplaces from industrial sources heated to a dark glow (materials, products, etc.) must correspond to the values ​​\u200b\u200bgiven in Table 3.

Table 3

6.8. Permissible values ​​of the intensity of thermal exposure of workers from radiation sources heated to white and red glow (hot or molten metal, glass, flame, etc.) should not exceed 140 W / sq.m. At the same time, more than 25% of the body surface should not be exposed to radiation, and the use of personal protective equipment, including face and eye protection, is mandatory.

6.9. In the presence of thermal exposure of workers, the air temperature at the workplace should not exceed, depending on the category of work, the following values:

25 ° С - for the category of work Ia;

24 ° C - for the category of work Ib;

22 ° С - for the category of work IIa;

21 ° C - for the category of work IIb;

20°C - for category III works.

6.10. In industrial premises in which the permissible standard values ​​of microclimate indicators cannot be established due to technological requirements for the production process or economically justified inexpediency, microclimate conditions should be considered as harmful and dangerous. In order to prevent the adverse effects of the microclimate, protective measures should be used (for example, local air conditioning systems, air showering, compensation for the adverse effects of one microclimate parameter by changing another, overalls and other personal protective equipment, rooms for rest and heating, regulation of working hours, in particular , breaks in work, reduction of the working day, increase in the duration of vacation, decrease in work experience, etc.).

6.11. To assess the combined impact of microclimate parameters in order to implement measures to protect workers from possible overheating, it is recommended to use the integral indicator of the thermal load of the environment ( ), the values ​​of which are given in applications 2.

6.12. To regulate the time of work within the working shift in a microclimate with an air temperature in the workplace above or below the permissible values, it is recommended to be guided by And applications 3.

7. Requirements for the organization of control and methods for measuring the microclimate

7.1. Measurements of microclimate indicators in order to control their compliance with hygienic requirements should be carried out in the cold season - on days with an outside air temperature that differs from the average temperature of the coldest month of winter by no more than 5 ° C, in the warm season - on days with an outside temperature air, which differs from the average maximum temperature of the hottest month by no more than 5 ° C. The frequency of measurements in both periods of the year is determined by the stability of the production process, the functioning of technological and sanitary equipment.

7.2. When choosing sites and measurement time, it is necessary to take into account all factors affecting the microclimate of workplaces (phases of the technological process, the functioning of ventilation and heating systems, etc.). Measurements of microclimate indicators should be carried out at least 3 times per shift (at the beginning, in the middle and at the end). With fluctuations in microclimate indicators associated with technological and other reasons, it is necessary to carry out additional measurements at the highest and lowest values ​​of thermal loads on workers.

7.3. Measurements should be taken at the workplace. If the workplace is several sections of the production premises, then measurements are carried out on each of them.

7.4. If there are sources of local heat release, cooling or moisture release (heated units, windows, doorways, gates, open bathtubs, etc.), measurements should be carried out at each workplace at points that are minimally and maximally remote from thermal impact sources.

7.5. In rooms with a high density of workplaces, in the absence of sources of local heat release, cooling or moisture release, areas for measuring temperature, relative humidity and air velocity should be distributed evenly over the area of ​​​​the room in accordance with Table 4.

Minimum number of measurement sites for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity

7.6. For work performed while sitting, the temperature and air velocity should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.0 m, relative humidity - at a height of 1.0 m from the floor or working platform. For work performed while standing, the temperature and air velocity should be measured at a height of 0.1 and 1.5 m, and the relative humidity of the air at a height of 1.5 m.

7.7. In the presence of sources of radiant heat, thermal exposure at the workplace must be measured from each source, placing the receiver of the device perpendicular to the incident flow. Measurements should be carried out at a height of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m from the floor or platform.

7.8. The temperature of surfaces should be measured in cases where workplaces are removed from them at a distance of no more than two meters. The temperature of each surface is measured in the same way as the air temperature measurement according to item 7.6.

7.9. The temperature and relative humidity of the air in the presence of sources of thermal radiation and air currents at the workplace should be measured with aspiration psychrometers. In the absence of radiant heat and air currents at the measurement sites, the temperature and relative humidity of the air can be measured with psychrometers that are not protected from the effects of thermal radiation and air velocity. Instruments can also be used to measure temperature and humidity separately.

7.10. The speed of air movement should be measured with rotary anemometers (vane, cup, etc.). Small values ​​of air velocity (less than 0.5 m/s), especially in the presence of multidirectional flows, can be measured with thermoelectric anemometers, as well as cylindrical and spherical catathermometers, when they are protected from thermal radiation.

7.11. The surface temperature should be measured with contact devices (such as electrothermometers) or remote ones (pyrometers, etc.).

7.12. The intensity of thermal irradiation should be measured with devices that provide a viewing angle of the sensor close to a hemisphere (at least 160°) and are sensitive in the infrared and visible spectral regions (actinometers, radiometers, etc.).

7.13. The measuring range and the permissible error of measuring instruments must comply with the requirements

7.14. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to draw up a protocol that should reflect general information about the production facility, the placement of technological and sanitary equipment, sources of heat release, cooling and moisture release, a diagram of the location of areas for measuring microclimate parameters and other data.

7.15. At the conclusion of the protocol, an assessment of the results of the performed measurements for compliance with regulatory requirements should be given.

Table 5

Annex 1

(reference)

Characteristics of individual categories of work

2. K category Ia include work with an intensity of energy consumption up to 120 kcal / h (up to 139 W), performed while sitting and accompanied by slight physical stress (a number of professions in precision instrumentation and engineering enterprises, in watchmaking, clothing production, in management, etc.).

3. K category Ib include work with an energy intensity of 121-150 kcal / h (140-174 W), performed while sitting, standing or walking and accompanied by some physical stress (a number of professions in the printing industry, in communications enterprises, controllers, craftsmen in various types of production and etc.).

4. K category II include work with an energy intensity of 151-200 kcal / h (175-232 W), associated with constant walking, moving small (up to 1 kg) products or objects in a standing or sitting position and requiring a certain physical stress (a number of professions in mechanical assembly shops of machine-building enterprises, in spinning and weaving, etc.).

5. K category IIb include work with an energy consumption intensity of 201-250 kcal / h (233-290 W), associated with walking, moving and carrying loads up to 10 kg and accompanied by moderate physical stress (a number of professions in mechanized foundry, rolling, forging, thermal, welding machine-building shops and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

6. K category III include work with an energy intensity of more than 250 kcal / h (more than 290 W), associated with constant movement, moving and carrying significant (over 10 kg) weights and requiring great physical effort (a number of professions in blacksmith shops with manual forging, foundries with manual stuffing and casting molding boxes of machine-building and metallurgical enterprises, etc.).

Annex 2

Determination of the thermal load index of the environment (THS-index)

1. Index (THS-index) is an empirical indicator that characterizes the combined effect of microclimate parameters (temperature, humidity, air velocity and thermal radiation) on the human body.

2. THC-index is determined on the basis of the temperature of the wet-bulb temperature of the aspiration psychrometer (tw.) and the temperature inside the black ball (tsh).

3. The temperature inside the blackened ball is measured with a thermometer, the tank of which is placed in the center of the blackened hollow ball; tsh reflects the effect of air temperature, surface temperature and air velocity. The blackened sphere shall have a diameter of 90 mm, the smallest possible thickness and an absorption coefficient of 0.95. The temperature measurement accuracy inside the ball is +-0.5°C.

4. TNS-index is calculated according to the equation:

HPS = 0.7 x tw. + 0.3 x tsh.

thermal load of the environment at workplaces where the speed of movement

air do not exceed 0.6 m / s, and the intensity of thermal radiation -

1. In order to protect workers from possible overheating or cooling, when the air temperature at the workplace is above or below the permissible values, the time spent at the workplace (continuously or in total per shift) should be limited to the values ​​\u200b\u200bspecified in And of this application. At the same time, the average shift temperature of the air at which the workers are during the working shift at their workplaces and places of rest should not go beyond the permissible values ​​of the air temperature for the corresponding categories of work specified in Table 2 of these Sanitary Rules.

Table 1

Other indicators of the microclimate (relative air humidity, air velocity, surface temperature, intensity of thermal radiation) at workplaces must be within the allowable values ​​of these Sanitary Rules.

Bibliographic data

1. Guideline R 2.2.4/2.1.8. Hygienic assessment and control of physical factors of production and environment (under approval).

2. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.01.01. "Construction climatology and geophysics".

3. Methodological recommendations "Assessment of the thermal state of a person in order to justify hygienic requirements for the microclimate of workplaces and measures to prevent cooling and overheating" N 5168-90 dated 05.03.90. In: Hygienic bases for the prevention of the adverse effects of the industrial microclimate on the human body. V.43, M. 1991, pp. 192-211.

4. Guide R 2.2.013-94. Labor hygiene. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process. Goskomsanepidnadzor of Russia, M, 1994, 42 p.

5. GOST 12.1.005-88 "General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area".

6. Building codes and regulations. SNiP 2.04.95-91 "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning".

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*(1) The temperature of the surfaces of enclosing structures (walls, ceiling, floor), devices (screens, etc.), as well as technological equipment or its enclosing devices, is taken into account.

*(2) At air temperatures of 25 ° C and above, the maximum values ​​​​of relative air humidity should be taken in accordance with the requirements

*(3) At air temperatures of 26-28 ° C, the air velocity in the warm period of the year should be taken in accordance with the requirements