Military uniform of Wehrmacht soldiers. Waffen SS uniform: history of creation and insignia of the Wehrmacht military uniform

WORLD WORLD SECOND MILITARY UNIFORM

The military uniform of the USSR survived several significant periods in the history of the country. For the Red Army it was introduced immediately after the revolution, in 1918. But a few years later, with a change in military leadership, a revision of uniforms followed. This was done in order to erase the bloody imprint of the revolution.

In the pre-war period, insignia for military ranks were introduced, which required changes in uniforms. The military uniform of the USSR was improved during the war with Germany, and after the victory over fascism, it changed approximately once every 10 years, and this continued until 1991.

Front-line soldier

Corporal (1) in a 1943 model uniform. Rank insignia from the buttonholes was transferred to shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum magazine for the PPSh-41, a 35-round open-arm magazine began to be produced, also suitable for the PPS-43. Horn magazines were carried in pouches in three compartments. Grenades were usually carried in pouches on the waist belt. By the beginning of the war, there were pouches for one grenade, in this case the F-1 (Za) grenade is shown. More practical pouches for three grenades appeared later; a pouch with a fragmentation grenade RG-42 (Зb) is shown. The pouches with two compartments were intended for high-explosive RGD-33 grenades; the grenade with a fragmentation ring (Zs) is shown here. The 1942 model duffel bag had a design that was simple to the point of primitiveness. Each compartment had an ax, which was carried by one of the soldiers on a waist belt in a special case (5). A new type of pot (6), similar to the German model. Enamel mug (7). Due to the shortage of aluminum, glass flasks with a cork stopper were found among the troops (8). The glass of the flask could be green or brown, or transparent. The flasks were hung from the waist belt using a fabric cover. The BN gas mask was equipped with a conversation box and an improved TSh filter (9). Gas mask bag with two side pockets for spare eyepiece glasses and a pencil with anti-fog compound. The pouch for spare ammunition was hung on the back to the waist belt and could hold six standard five-round rounds (10).

Rookie

Private (1 and 2) in a summer field uniform, model 1936, with insignia, model 1941. Helmet, model 1936, and boots with tapes. Field equipment of the 1936 model, almost all equipment of this type was lost in the first year of fighting. The equipment includes a duffel bag, a roll with an overcoat and a raincoat, a food bag, cartridge pouches with two compartments, a sapper shovel, a flask and a gas mask bag. The Red Army soldier is armed with a 7.62 mm Mosin rifle, model 1891/30. The bayonet is attached in the opposite direction for ease of carrying. Shown are a bakelite medallion (3), a sapper's shovel with a cover (4), an aluminum flask with a cover (5), a bandoleer for 14 rifle clips (6). Later, instead of leather equipment, canvas equipment was produced. Two five-round clips (7) were placed in each compartment of the cartridge pouch. The idle pot (8) served both as a saucepan and as a bowl. Boots (9) with windings (10). BS gas mask with bag (11). The protrusion between the eye sockets made it possible to wipe the fogged glass from the inside and clear the nose. The gas mask was equipped with a T-5 filter.

German corporal uniform (non-commissioned officer)

Uniform of a German corporal (non-commissioned officer), 1939-1940 01- M-35 field jacket with the emblem of a non-commissioned officer in 02- M-35 steel helmet with Heeres markings 03- Zeltbahn M-31 camouflage fabric tent “Splittermuster” 04- gray (“Steingrau”) trousers 05- leather belt 06- bags filters for gas mask 07- M-38 gas mask 08- M-24 grenade 09- black leather pouch 10 - M-31 aluminum bowler hat 11- boots 12-7, 92 mm Mauser 98k 13- Seitengewehr 84/98 bayonet 14- sapper blade.

Lieutenant's Uniform of the 82nd Airborne Sicily

Form of the lieutenant 82th airborne Sicilly, 1943 01-m2 helmet with a masking grid 02- m1942 jacket 03- m1942 Pants 04- m1934 Woolen shirt 06- M1936 Suscoming Belt with M1916 holster for COLT M1911 and pistol 07- M1936 straps 08- M1A1 carbine 09- M2A1 gas mask 10 - M1910 folding shovel 11- M1942 bowler hat 12- M1910 bag 13- tokens 14- M1918 Mk I knife 15- M1936 backpack

Luftwaffe uniform Hauptmann (captain)

Luftwaffe uniform Hauptmann (captain), FW-190-A8 pilot, Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wild Sau", Germany 1944 01- LKP N101 headphones 02- Nitsche & Günter Fl. 30550 glasses 03- Drager model 10-69 oxygen mask 04- Hankart 05- AK 39Fl. compass 06-25 mm Walter Flarepistol M-43 with ammunition on the belt 07- holster 08- FW-190 parachute 09- aviation boots 10 - M-37 Luftwaffe breeches 11- Luftwaffe leather jacket with Hauptmann emblem and Luftwaffe armband

Private ROA (Vlasov Army)

Private ROA (Vlasov's army), 1942-45: 01- Dutch field jacket with ROA on buttonholes and shoulder straps, Heeres eagle on the right chest 02- M-40 trousers 03- medallion 04- M-34 cap with ROA 05- boots 06- M-42 gaiters 07- Grman unloading belt with pouch 08- M-24 grenade 09- M-31 bowler hat 10 - Bayonet 11- M-39 straps 12- M-35 helmet with camouflage net 13- “New Life” magazine for “ Eastern "volunteers 14-7.62 mm Mosin 1891/30 g

US Army Infantry Uniform 1942-1945

US Army Infantry Uniform 1942-1945: 01- M1 helmet 02- M1934 shirt 03- M1934 singlet 04- M1941 trousers 05- boots 06- M1938 leggings 07- M1926 lifebuoy 08- M1937 ammunition belt 09- M1924 personal care products 10 - M1910 bowler hat 11- gas mask 12- M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle with M1907 belt 13- stripes 14, 15- manuals 16- sleeve badges: A-1st Armored B-2nd C-3rd Infantry E-34th F -1st Inf

Kriegsmarine (navy) Matrosengefreiter

Kriegsmarine (navy) Matrosengefreiter, 1943 01- naval jacket, Iron Cross 2nd class, veteran crew badge on the left side of the chest, Matrosengefreiter insignia 02- Kriegsmarine cap 03- naval peacoat 04- “deck” trousers 05- Signal magazine, July 1943 06- tobacco 07- cigarette paper 08- “Hygenischer Gummischutz-Dublosan” 09- boots

Maintenance Unit Major

Major of the maintenance unit of the 1st Polish Armored Division, Germany, 1945 01- M 37/40 casual uniform 02- black shoulder strap of the 1st Armored Division 03-1st Div badge 04- Silver cross from the Virtuti Militari 05- M 37 shoulder straps 06-11.43 mm Colt M1911 pistol 07- officer boots 08- leather vest 09- drivers gloves 10- helmet for driving armored units 11- AT Mk II motorcycle helmet 12- Mk II helmet 12- leggings

Private, Luftwaffe, France 1944

Private, Luftwaffe, France 1944 01- M-40 helmet 02- Einheitsfeldmütze M-43 cap 03- M-43 camouflage T-shirt “Sumpftarnmuster” 04- trousers 05- straps 06-7.92 mm Mauser 98k rifle 07- M-31 breadbag 08- M-31 bowler hat 09- M-39 boots 10 - medallion 11- “Esbit” pocket heater

Lieutenant's uniform, RSI "Decima MAS", Italy

Lieutenant's uniform, RSI "Decima MAS", Italy, 1943-44 01- "Basco" beret 02- Model 1933 helmet 03- Model 1941 flight jacket, leutenant insignia on cuffs, lapel badges 04- German belt 05- holster for Beretta 1933 and pistol 06- German M-24 grenade 07-9 mm TZ-45 SMG 08- pouches 09- trousers 10 - German mountain boots 11- badge of participation in the company “Folgore”

8th SS-Kavallerie Division "Florian Geyer"

8 SS-Kavallerie division "Florian Geyer", summer 1944. 01- M-40 Feldmutze cap 02- M-40 helmet with SS badges 03- field jacket 44- new cut, cavalry badges on shoulder straps 04- trousers 05- M-35 belt 06- wool shirt 07- M-39 shoulder straps 08- “Florian Geyer” headband 09- wool gloves 10 - Panzerfaust 60 11-7.92 mm Sturmgewehr 44 12- M-84/98 bayonet 13- canvas pouches 14- M-24 grenade 15- Waffen SS salary card 16- M-31 bowler hat 17- M-43 leather boots 18- Leggings

Captain

Captain- submarine commander, 1941 01- officer's jacket, Kapitanleutnant insignia 02- Kninght Cross of the Iron Cross 03- submarine insignia 04- Unofficial insignia of the 1st and 9th U-boat flotillas 05- cigarettes cap of Kriegsmarine officers - 06 07- leather gloves 08 - leather raincoat "U-Boot-Päckchen" 09- boots 10 - "Junghans" 11- naval binoculars

Partisan of the Peasant Battalion

Partisan of the Peasant Battalion (Bataliony Chlopskie), Poland, 1942 01- wz.1937 “rogatywka” cap 02- jacket 03- trousers 04- boots 05- improvised bandage 06-9 mm MP-40 SMG

Soviet tank commander's uniform, 1939 01- canvas hat with earmuffs 02- model 1935 cap with a red star 03- linen overalls 04- canvas bag for a gas mask 05- officer boots 06- holster for 7.62 mm Nagant 07- leather tablet tablet 08 - officer's belt

Polish infantry uniform 1939

Polish infantry uniform 1939 01- wz.1939 “rogatywka” cap 02- wz.1937 “rogatywka” cap 03- wz.1937 steel helmet 04- wz.1936 jacket 05- badge 06- WSR wz.1932 gas mask in a canvas bag 07- hygiene products 08- leather pouches 09- wz.1933 breadbag 10 - leather unloading belt 11- wz.1938 bowler hat 12- wz.1928 bayonet 13- folding shovel in a leather case 14- wz.1933 backpack with blanket 15- biscuits 16- wz .1931 combined bowler hat 17- spoon + fork set 18- owijacze fabric belts used instead of socks 19- boots 20 - GR-31 fragmentation grenade 21- GR-31 offensive grenade 22-7.92 mm Mauser 1898a rifle 23-7 .92 mm cartridges 24-WZ clip. 1924 bayonet 25

Private, Red Army

Private, Red Army 01- Ushanka hat 02- coat 03- felt boots 04- belt 05-7.62 mm Tokarev SVT-40 rifle 06- bayonet 07- ammunition 08- bag for gas mask 09- folding shovel

NKVD lieutenant, 1940-41

NKVD Lieutenant, 1940-41 01- Model 1935 NKVD Forazhka 02- Model 1925 NKVD NKVD 03- cloth dark blue trousers with raspberry kants 05-waist belt 06- holster for Nagan 1895 Revolver 07- Model 1932 Officer Tablet 08- NKVD Badge installed in 1940 09- Red Star sign 10- military ID 11- cartridges for a revolver

Soviet infantry, 1941 01- Model 1940 steel helmet 02- "quilted jacket" 03- field trousers 04- boots 05-7.62 mm Mosin 91/30 rifle 06- rifle oiler 07- Model 1930 bandolier 09- military ID 10- tablet

Soviet infantry officer, 1943 01- model 1943 "tunic" sweatshirt, officer version 02- model 1935 breeches 03- model 1935 Cap 04- model 1940 helmet 05- model 1935 officer's belt and straps 06- holster for Nagant 1895 07- tablet 08- officer boots

Red Intelligence Officer 1943

Red Intelligence Officer 1943 01- Model 1935 Cap 02- camouflage clothing, fall 03-7.62 mm PPS-43 04- canvas ammo bag 05- officer's belt 1935 06- leather case with 7.62mm TT Pistol 07- Model 1940 knife 08- Adrian's compass 10- officer's boots

German staff officers in the field near the Fieseler Fi 156 Storch aircraft

Hungarian soldiers are interrogating a Soviet prisoner of war. The man in the cap and black jacket is presumably a policeman. On the left is a Wehrmacht officer

A column of German infantry moves down a street in Rotterdam during the Invasion of Holland

Luftwaffe air defense personnel work with a Kommandogerät 36 (Kdo. Gr. 36) stereoscopic rangefinder. The rangefinder was used to control the fire of anti-aircraft batteries equipped with Flak 18 series guns.

German soldiers and civilians celebrating May 1st in occupied Smolensk.

German soldiers and civilians celebrating May 1st in occupied Smolensk

German assault gun StuG III Ausf. G, belonging to the 210th Assault Gun Brigade (StuG-Brig. 210), moves past the positions of the 1st Marine Infantry Division (1. Marine-Infanterie-Division) in the Ceden area (currently the Polish town of Cedynia).

German tank crews repairing the engine of a Pz.Kpfw tank. IV with a short-barreled 75 mm gun.

German tank Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H of the training tank division (Panzer-Lehr-Division), knocked out in Normandy. In front of the tank is a unitary high-explosive fragmentation round Sprgr.34 (weight 8.71 kg, explosive - ammotol) for the 75-mm KwK.40 L/48 cannon. The second shell lies on the body of the vehicle, in front of the turret.

A column of German infantry on the march on the Eastern Front. In the foreground, a soldier carries a 7.92 MG-34 machine gun on his shoulder.

Luftwaffe officers against the background of a car in Nikolsky Lane in occupied Smolensk.

Employees of the Todt organization dismantle reinforced concrete French defensive structures in the Paris area. France 1940

A girl from a village in the Belgorod region sits with a balalaika on the trunk of a fallen tree.

German soldiers rest near the Einheits-Diesel army truck.

Adolf Hitler with German generals inspects the fortifications of the West Wall (also called the Siegfried Line). With a map in hand, the commander of the border troops of the Upper Rhine, Infantry General Alfred Wäger (1883-1956), third from the right is the chief of staff of the Wehrmacht High Command, Colonel General Wilhelm Keitel (1882-1946). Second from the right is Reichsführer SS Heinrich Himmler (Heinrich Himmler, 1900-1945). A cameraman stands on the parapet in a raincoat.

Church of the Transfiguration in occupied Vyazma.

Pilots of the 53rd Luftwaffe Fighter Squadron (JG53) at an airfield in France. In the background are Messerschmitt Bf.109E fighters.

Artillery officers of the Wehrmacht Afrika Korps, photographed by the corps commander, Lieutenant General Erwin Rommel (Erwin Eugen Johannes Rommel).

Crew of a Swedish-made 40-mm Bofors automatic anti-aircraft gun on the cover of the Finnish Suulajarvi airfield.

Vehicles of the Hungarian army on Vorovskogo Street in occupied Belgorod. The Polish-Lithuanian Church is visible on the right.

The commander of the 6th German Army, Field Marshal General Walter von Reichenau (10/8/1884-1/17/1942) stands near his staff car. Behind him stands the commander of the 297th Infantry Division, Artillery General Max Pfeffer (06/12/1883-12/31/1955). There is a version according to which, according to the Wehrmacht General Staff officer Paul Jordan, when in the first months of the war, during the offensive, the 6th Army encountered T-34 tanks, after personally examining one of the tanks, von Reichenau told his officers : “If the Russians continue to produce these tanks, we will not win the war.”

Finnish soldiers set up camp in the forest before their group leaves. Petsamo region

A salvo of bow 406-mm main caliber guns of the American battleship Missouri (BB-63) during firing training in the Atlantic..

Pilot of the 9th Squadron of the 54th Fighter Squadron (9.JG54) Wilhelm Schilling in the cockpit of a Messerschmitt Bf.109G-2 fighter at the Krasnogvardeysk airfield.

Adolf Hitler with guests at a table in his home in Obersalzberg. Pictured from left to right: Professor Morrel, wife of Gauleiter Forster and Hitler.

A group portrait of policemen against the backdrop of a temple in an occupied Soviet village.

A Hungarian soldier near the captured Soviet heavy artillery tractor “Voroshilovets”.

A dismantled Soviet Il-2 attack aircraft in occupied Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh region

Loading ammunition into a German StuG III assault gun. In the background is an Sd.Kfz ammunition armored personnel carrier. 252 (leichte Gepanzerte Munitionskraftwagen).

Soviet prisoners of war repair the cobblestone street before a parade of Finnish troops in the center of captured Vyborg.

Two German soldiers with a single 7.92 mm MG-34 machine gun mounted on a Lafette 34 machine gun in a position in the Mediterranean

Gun crews with their 88-mm FlaK 36 anti-aircraft guns on the German artillery support ferry "Siebel" while sailing in Lahdenpohja.

A German soldier digging a trench in the Belgorod region

A damaged and burnt German Pz.Kpfw tank. V "Panther" in an Italian village south of Rome

The commander of the 6th Motorized Infantry Brigade (Schützen-Brigade 6), Major General Erhard Raus (1889 - 1956), with his staff officers.

A lieutenant and a chief lieutenant of the Wehrmacht confer in the steppe on the southern sector of the Eastern Front.

German soldiers wash off winter camouflage from an Sd.Kfz half-track armored personnel carrier. 251/1 Ausf.C "Hanomag" near a hut in Ukraine.

Luftwaffe officers walk past cars in Nikolsky Lane in occupied Smolensk. The Assumption Cathedral rises in the background.

A German motorcyclist poses with Bulgarian children from an occupied village.

An MG-34 machine gun and a Mauser rifle on German positions near an occupied Soviet village in the Belgorod region (at the time of the photo, Kursk region).

A German Pz.Kpfw tank destroyed in the valley of the Volturno River. V "Panther" with tail number "202"

Graves of German military personnel in Ukraine.

German cars near the Trinity Cathedral (Cathedral of the Life-Giving Trinity) in occupied Vyazma.

A column of captured Red Army soldiers in a destroyed village near Belgorod.
A German field kitchen is visible in the background. Next is the StuG III self-propelled gun and the Horch 901 vehicle.

Colonel General Heinz Guderian (Heinz Guderian, 1888 - 1954) and SS Hauptsturmührer Michael Wittmann

Italian dictator Benito Mussolini and Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel at Feltre airfield.

German road signs at the intersection of K. Marx and Medvedovsky (now Lenin) streets in occupied Ostrogozhsk, Voronezh region

A Wehrmacht soldier near road signs in occupied Smolensk. The domes of the Assumption Cathedral are visible behind the destroyed building.
The inscriptions on the sign on the right side of the photo: Most (to the right) and Dorogobuzh (to the left).

A German sentry and a soldier (probably the driver) near the headquarters car Mercedes-Benz 770 near the Market Square in occupied Smolensk.
In the background is a view of Cathedral Hill with the Assumption Cathedral.

A Hungarian soldier wounded on the Eastern Front rests after being bandaged.

Soviet partisan executed by the Hungarian occupiers in Stary Oskol. During the war, Stary Oskol was part of the Kursk region, and currently it is part of the Belgorod region.

A group of Soviet prisoners of war sit on logs during a break during forced labor on the Eastern Front

Portrait of a Soviet prisoner of war in a shabby overcoat

Soviet captured soldiers at a collection point on the Eastern Front.

Soviet soldiers with their hands raised surrender in a wheat field.

German soldiers in Königsberg next to an MG 151/20 aircraft cannon in the infantry version

The historical center of the German city of Nuremberg destroyed by bombing

A Finnish soldier armed with a Suomi submachine gun in the battle for the village of Povenets.

Wehrmacht mountain rangers against the background of a hunting house.

Luftwaffe sergeant near the airfield. Presumably an anti-aircraft gunner.

Jet fighter Messerschmitt Me-262A-1a from the 3rd group of the 2nd combat training squadron of the Luftwaffe (III/EJG 2).

Finnish soldiers and German rangers sail on boats along the Lutto River (Lotta, Lutto-joki) in the Petsamo region (currently Pechenga, since 1944 part of the Murmansk region).

German soldiers set up the Torn.Fu.d2 radio, an infantry backpack VHF radio manufactured by Telefunken.

Re fighter crash site. 2000 Heja of pilot István Horthy (István Horthy, 1904-1942, eldest son of the regent of Hungary Miklos Horthy) from the 1/1 fighter squadron of the Hungarian Air Force. After takeoff, the plane lost control and crashed near the airfield near the village of Alekseevka, Kursk region (now Belgorod region). The pilot died.

Citizens at the Blagoveshchensky market in Kharkov, occupied by German troops. In the foreground are artisan shoemakers repairing shoes.

Finnish troops on parade at the monument to Swedish Marshal Thorgils Knutsson in captured Vyborg

Three marines of the 1st Kriegsmarine Division (1. marine-infanterie-division) in a trench on a bridgehead in the Ceden area (currently the Polish town of Cedynia).

German pilots look at peasant oxen at one of the airfields in Bulgaria. A Junkers Ju-87 dive bomber is visible behind. On the right is a Bulgarian ground forces officer.

Equipment of the 6th German Panzer Division in East Prussia before the invasion of the USSR. In the center of the photo is the Pz.Kpfw.IV Ausf.D tank. An Adler 3 Gd car is visible in the background. In the foreground, parallel to the tank, stands a Horch 901 Typ 40.

A Wehrmacht officer gives the command to attack with his whistle.

German officer on the street of occupied Poltava

German soldiers during street fighting. Medium tank Pzkpfw (Panzer-Kampfwagen) III on the right
initially armed with a 37 and then a 50 mm 1/42 cannon. However, their shots turned out to be
unable to penetrate the inclined armor protection of the Soviet T-34, as a result of which
the designers re-equipped the vehicle with a 50-mm KwK 39 L/60 gun
(60 calibers versus 42) with a longer barrel, which made it possible to increase
the initial speed of the projectile.

A German staff car with a French flag on the hood, abandoned on the coast of France.

The photographs were taken on May 8, 1945 during the retreat of the 6th Wehrmacht Infantry Division in the Neustadt area at Tafelfichte in the Ore Mountains (Bohemia, modern Nové Město pod Smrkem, Czechoslovakia) and the Giant Mountains (Riesengebirge, Silesia, Czechoslovakia). The photos were taken by a German soldier who still had Agfa color film in his camera.
Retreating soldiers at a halt. The emblem of the 6th Infantry Division is visible on the cart.

Adolf Hitler and German officers walk their dogs at Rastenburg headquarters. Winter 1942-1943.

German dive bombers Junkers Ju-87 (Ju.87B-1) in flight over the English Channel.

Soviet captured soldiers butcher a horse for meat in a village in the Kursk region.

Adolf Hitler hosts a parade of German troops in Warsaw in honor of the victory over Poland. Present on the podium are Hitler, Colonel General Walter von Brauchitsch, Lieutenant General Friedrich von Kochenhausen, Colonel General Gerd von Rundstedt, Colonel General Wilhelm Keitel, General Johannes Blaskowitz and General Albert Kesselring and others.
German Horch-830R Kfz.16/1 vehicles are passing in the foreground.

German soldiers near a damaged Soviet T-34 tank in the village of Verkhne-Kumsky

A Luftwaffe Oberfeldwebel gives a coin to a gypsy girl on the island of Crete.

A German soldier inspects a Polish PZL.23 Karas bomber at Okęcie airfield

A destroyed bridge over the Seim River in Lgov, Kursk region. The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is visible in the background.

Units of the Panzer Brigade Koll enter a Soviet village near Vyazma. The column consists of Pz.35(t) tanks.

German soldiers are sorting letters - looking for items addressed to them.

German soldiers outside their dugout listen to their comrade play the accordion during a lull in the fighting in the Belgorod region

German dive bombers Junkers Ju-87 (Ju.87D) from the 7th squadron of the 1st dive bomber squadron (7.StG1) before taking off on the Eastern Front.

A column of German vehicles from the Panzer Brigade Koll tank brigade is moving along the road near Vyazma. In the foreground is the Pz.BefWg.III command tank of brigade commander Colonel Richard Koll. Phänomen Granit 25H ambulances are visible behind the tank. Along the side of the road, a group of Soviet prisoners of war is walking towards the column.

A mechanized column of the 7th German Tank Division (7. Panzer-Division) drives past a Soviet truck burning on the side of the road. In the foreground is a Pz.38(t) tank. Three Soviet prisoners of war are walking towards the column. Vyazma area.

German artillerymen fire from a 210-mm heavy field howitzer Mrs.18 (21 cm Mörser 18) at the positions of Soviet troops.

Oil leakage from the engine of the German fighter Messerschmitt Bf.110C-5 from the 7th squadron of the 2nd training squadron (7.(F)/LG 2). The photo was taken at a Greek airfield after the return of 7.(F)/LG 2 from a flight to cover the landing on Crete.

Field Marshal Erich von Manstein, commander of Army Group South, and Panzer General Hermann Breith, commander of the 3rd Panzer Corps, at a meeting at the map of military operations before Operation Citadel.

Destroyed Soviet tanks in a field near Stalingrad. Aerial photography from a German plane.

Polish prisoners of war captured during the Polish Wehrmacht campaign.

German soldiers at a collection point, captured by the Allies during the Italian campaign.

German command tank Pz.BefWg.III from the Panzer Brigade Koll tank brigade in a village near Vyazma. In the hatch of the tank's turret is the brigade commander, Colonel Richard Koll.

Military insignia are present on the uniform of military personnel and indicate the corresponding personal rank, a specific affiliation with one of the branches of the armed forces (in this case, the Wehrmacht), branch of the military, department or service.

Interpretation of the concept "Wehrmacht"

These are the “defense forces” in 1935 - 1945. In other words, the Wehrmacht (photo below) is nothing more than the armed forces of Nazi Germany. It is headed by the Supreme Command of the country's armed forces, which subordinates the ground forces, the Navy and Air Force, and the SS troops. They were led by the main commands (OKL, OKH, OKM) and the commanders-in-chief of various types of armed forces (since 1940, also the SS troops). Wehrmacht - Reich Chancellor A. Hitler. A photo of Wehrmacht soldiers is shown below.

According to historical data, the word in question in German-speaking countries denoted the armed forces of any country. It acquired its usual meaning when the NSDAP came to power.

On the eve of World War II, the Wehrmacht numbered approximately three million people, and its maximum strength was 11 million people (as of December 1943).

Types of military signs

These include:

Uniforms and insignia of the Wehrmacht

There were several types of uniforms and clothing. Each soldier had to independently monitor the condition of his weapons and uniform. They were replaced in accordance with the established procedure or in case of serious damage during the training process. Military uniforms lost color very quickly due to washing and daily brushing.

The soldiers' shoes were thoroughly inspected (at all times, bad boots were a serious problem).

Since the formation of the Reichswehr in the period 1919 - 1935), the military uniform has become unified for all existing German states. Its color is “feldgrau” (translated as “field gray”) - a wormwood shade with a predominant green pigment.

A new uniform (uniform of the Wehrmacht - the armed forces of Nazi Germany in the period 1935 - 1945) was introduced along with a new model of steel helmet. The ammunition, uniforms and helmets did not differ in appearance from their predecessors (existing in the Kaiser's era).

At the whim of the Fuhrer, the attire of the military personnel was emphasized by a large number of different elements (signs, stripes, piping, badges, etc.). Devotion to National Socialism was expressed by applying the black, white and red imperial cockade and the tricolor shield on the right side of the helmet. The appearance of the imperial tricolor dates back to mid-March 1933. In October 1935, the uniform was supplemented by an imperial eagle holding a swastika in its claws. At this time, the Reichswehr was renamed the Wehrmacht (photo was shown earlier).

This topic will be considered in relation to the Ground Forces and SS troops.

Insignia of the Wehrmacht and specifically the SS troops

To begin with, we should clarify some points. Firstly, the SS troops and the SS organization itself are not identical concepts. The latter is the combat component of the Nazi Party, formed by members of a public organization who conduct their core activities parallel to the SS (worker, shopkeeper, civil servant, etc.). They were allowed to wear a black uniform, which since 1938 was replaced by a light gray uniform with two Wehrmacht-type shoulder straps. The latter reflected general SS ranks.

As for the SS troops, we can say that these are a kind of security detachments (“reserve troops” - “Totenkopf formations” - Hitler’s own troops), into which exclusively SS members were accepted. They were considered equal to Wehrmacht soldiers.

The difference in the ranks of members of the SS organization based on buttonholes existed until 1938. On the black uniform there was a single shoulder strap (on the right shoulder), from which it was possible to determine only the category of a particular SS member (private or non-commissioned officer, or junior or senior officer, or general). And after the light gray uniform was introduced (1938), another distinctive feature was added - Wehrmacht-type shoulder straps.

The SS insignia of both military personnel and members of the organization are the same. However, the former still wear a field uniform, which is an analogue of the Wehrmacht. It has two shoulder straps that are similar in appearance to those of the Wehrmacht, and their military rank insignia are identical.

The rank system, and therefore the insignia, was subject to changes many times, the last of which occurred in May 1942 (they were not transformed until May 1945).

Military ranks of the Wehrmacht were designated by buttonholes, shoulder straps, braid and chevrons on the collar, and the last two insignia on the sleeves, as well as special sleeve patches mainly on camouflage military clothing, various stripes (gaps of a contrasting color) on trousers, and the design of headdresses.

It was the SS field uniform that was finally established around 1938. If we consider cut as a comparison criterion, we can say that the Wehrmacht (ground forces) uniform and the SS uniform were no different. The color of the second one was a little grayer and lighter, the green tint was practically not visible.

Also, if we describe the insignia of the SS (specifically the patch), we can highlight the following points: the imperial eagle was slightly above the middle of the segment from the shoulder to the elbow of the left sleeve, its design differed in the shape of the wings (there were often cases when the Wehrmacht eagle was sewn onto the SS field uniform ).

Also a distinctive feature, for example, on the SS tank uniform, was that the buttonholes, just like those of the Wehrmacht tankers, were surrounded by a pink border. The Wehrmacht insignia in this case is represented by the presence of a “dead head” in both buttonholes. SS tankmen could have rank insignia in the left buttonhole, and either a “dead head” or SS runes in the right buttonhole (in some cases there might not have been any insignia or, for example, in a number of divisions the tank crew emblem was placed there - skull with crossed bones). The collar had even buttonholes, the size of which was 45x45 mm.

Also, Wehrmacht insignia included the way battalion or company numbers were embossed on the buttons of the uniform, which was not done in the case of the SS military uniform.

The emblem of the shoulder straps, although identical to those of the Wehrmacht, was quite rare (the exception was the first tank division, where the monogram was regularly worn on the shoulder straps).

Another difference in the system accumulating SS insignia is how soldiers who were candidates for the rank of SS navigator wore a cord at the bottom of the shoulder strap of the same color as its piping. This rank is the equivalent of a gefreiter in the Wehrmacht. And candidates for SS Unterscharführer also wore a braid (braid embroidered with silver) nine millimeters wide at the bottom of their shoulder straps. This rank is equivalent to non-commissioned officer in the Wehrmacht.

As for the ranks of the rank and file, the difference was in the buttonholes and sleeve stripes, which were located above the elbow, but below the imperial eagle in the center of the left sleeve.

If we consider camouflage clothing (where there are no buttonholes or shoulder straps), we can say that the SS men never had rank insignia on it, but they preferred to wear collars with their own buttonholes over this one.

In general, the discipline of wearing uniforms in the Wehrmacht was much higher than in the troops, whose troops allowed themselves a large number of liberties regarding this issue, and their generals and officers did not strive to stop this kind of violations; on the contrary, they often committed similar ones. And this is only a small part of the distinctive features of the uniforms of the Wehrmacht and SS troops.

If we summarize all of the above, we can conclude that the Wehrmacht insignia is much more sophisticated not only than the SS, but also the Soviet ones.

Army ranks

They were presented as follows:

• privates;
• non-commissioned officers without belts (a braided or belt sling for carrying a tashka, bladed weapons, and later firearms);
• non-commissioned officers with sword belts;
• lieutenants;
• captains;
• staff officers;
• generals.

Combat ranks also extended to military officials of various departments and departments. The military administration was divided into categories from the most junior non-commissioned officers to the noble generals.

Military colors of the Wehrmacht ground forces

In Germany, branches of the military were traditionally designated by the corresponding colors of edgings and buttonholes, hats and uniforms, and so on. They changed quite often. At the beginning of World War II, the following color division was in effect:

1. White - infantry and border guards, financiers and treasurers.
2. Scarlet - field, horse and self-propelled artillery, as well as general's piping, buttonholes and stripes.
3. Raspberry or carmine red - non-commissioned officers of the veterinary service, as well as buttonholes, stripes and shoulder straps of the Headquarters and General Staff of the High Command of the Wehrmacht and ground forces.
4. Pink - anti-tank self-propelled artillery; edging of details of tank uniforms; gaps and selection of buttonholes of service jackets of officers, gray-green jackets of non-commissioned officers and soldiers.
5. Golden yellow - cavalry, reconnaissance units of tank units and scooters.
6. Lemon yellow - signal troops.
7. Burgundy - military chemists and courts; smoke curtains and multi-barrel rocket-propelled “chemical” mortars.
8. Cherny - engineering troops (sapper, railway, training units), technical service. Tank unit sappers have black and white edging.
9. Cornflower blue - medical and sanitary personnel (except generals).
10. Light blue - edgings of motor transport parts.
11. Light green - military pharmacists, rangers and mountain units.
12. Grass Green - motorized infantry regiment, motorcycle units.
13. Gray - army propagandists and officers of the Landwehr and reserve (edging on shoulder straps in military colors).
14. Gray-blue - registration service, officials of the American administration, specialist officers.
15. Orange - military police and officers of the engineering academy, recruiting service (edging color).
16. Purple - military priests
17. Dark green - military officials.
18. Light red - quartermasters.
19. Blue - military lawyers.
20. Yellow - horse reserve service.
21. Lemon - feld post.
22. Light brown - recruit training service.

Shoulder straps in German military uniform

They had a dual purpose: as a means of determining rank and as carriers of a unitary function (fastening various types of equipment on the shoulder).

Shoulder straps of the Wehrmacht (rank and file) were made of simple cloth, but with edging, which had a certain color corresponding to the branch of the army. If we take into account the shoulder straps of a non-commissioned officer, we can note the presence of an additional edging consisting of braid (width - nine millimeters).

Until 1938, there was a special army shoulder strap exclusively for field uniforms, which was worn by all ranks below officer. It was entirely dark blue-green with a slightly tapered end towards the button. There was no edging attached to it, corresponding to the color of the branch of service. Wehrmacht soldiers embroidered insignia (numbers, letters, emblems) on them to highlight the color.

The officers (lieutenants, captains) had narrower shoulder straps, which looked like two intertwined strands made of flat silver “Russian braid” (the strand is woven in such a way that thinner threads are visible). All strands were sewn onto the flap in the color of the branch of the military that is the basis of this shoulder strap. A special bend (U-shaped) of the braid in the place of the button hole helped create the illusion of eight strands of it, when in fact there were only two.

Wehrmacht (staff officer) shoulder straps were also made using Russian braid, but in such a way as to demonstrate a row consisting of five separate loops located on either side of the shoulder strap, in addition to the loop around the button located at the top of it.

The general's shoulder straps had a distinctive feature - “Russian braid”. It was made from two separate gold strands, twisted on both sides with one silver ribbed thread. The weaving method implied the appearance of three knots in the middle and four loops on each side in addition to one loop located around the button at the top of the shoulder strap.

Wehrmacht officials, as a rule, had the same shoulder straps as those of the active army. However, they were still distinguished by the slight introduction of a thread of dark green braid and various kinds of emblems.

It would not be amiss to remind you once again that shoulder straps are insignia of the Wehrmacht.

Buttonholes and shoulder straps of generals

As mentioned earlier, Wehrmacht generals wore shoulder straps, which were woven using two thick gold-metal strands and a silver soutache between them.

They also had removable shoulder straps, which (as in the case of ground forces) had a scarlet cloth lining with a special figured cutout running along the edge of the harness (their lower edge). And the bent and sewn-in shoulder straps were distinguished by a straight lining.

The Wehrmacht generals wore silver stars on their shoulder straps, but there was some difference: major generals had no stars, lieutenant generals had one, a general of a certain type of troops (infantry, tank troops, cavalry, etc.) had two, and an oberst general had two. three (two stars located next to each other at the bottom of the shoulder strap and one slightly above them). Previously, there was such a rank as Colonel General in the position of Field Marshal General, which was not used at the beginning of the war. The shoulder strap of this rank had two stars, which were located in its upper and lower parts. A field marshal could be identified by the crossed silver batons along his shoulder straps.

There were also exceptional moments. So, for example, Gerd von Rundstedt (Field Marshal General, who was removed from command due to the defeat near Rostov, chief of the 18th Infantry Regiment) wore the regiment number on his shoulder straps on top of his field marshal's batons, as well as the white and silver ceremonial buttonholes of an infantry officer on his collar troops in return for the richly ornamented gold buttonholes embroidered on a scarlet cloth flap (size 40x90 mm) for generals. Their design was found back in the days of the Kaiser’s army and the Reichswehr; with the formation of the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, it also appeared among generals.

From the beginning of April 1941, elongated buttonholes were introduced for field marshals, which had three (instead of the previous two) ornamental elements and shoulder straps made of golden thickened cords.

Another sign of the general's dignity is stripes.

The field marshal could also carry in his hand a natural staff, which was made of particularly valuable wood, individually decorated, generously inlaid with silver and gold and decorated with reliefs.

Personal identification mark

It looked like an oval aluminum token with three longitudinal slots, which served so that at a certain moment (the hour of death) it could be broken into two halves (the first, with two holes, was left on the body of the deceased, and the second half with one hole was given to headquarters).

Wehrmacht soldiers usually wore this on a chain or neck cord. The following was stamped on each token: blood type, badge number, battalion number, regiment number where this badge was issued for the first time. This information was supposed to accompany the soldier throughout his entire service life, if necessary supplemented by similar data from other units and troops.

An image of German military personnel can be seen in the photo “Wehrmacht Soldier” shown above.

Nakhodka in Besh-Kungei

According to official data, in April 2014, a treasure from the World War II era was found by citizen D. Lukichev in the village of Besh-Kungei (Kyrgyzstan). While digging a cesspool, he came across a metal army field locker from the Third Reich. Its contents are luggage items from 1944 - 1945. (age - more than 60 years), which was not damaged by moisture due to dense insulation through the rubber gasket of the box lid.

It included:

• a light-colored case with the inscription “Mastenbrille” containing glasses;
• a rolled-up travel bag with pockets filled with toiletries;
• mittens, replacement collars, socks with foot wraps, clothes brush, sweater, suspenders and dust protectors;
• a bundle tied with twine containing a supply of leather and fabric for repairs;
• granules of some kind of product (presumably anti-moth);
• an almost new jacket worn by a Wehrmacht officer, with a spare sewn-on emblem of the branch of service and a metal badge;
• headdresses (winter hat and cap) with insignia;
• military passes through front-line checkpoints;
• a banknote of five Reichsmarks;
• a couple of bottles of rum;
• box of cigars

Dmitry thought about donating most of the uniform to the museum. As for the bottles of rum, the box of cigars and the jacket worn by the Wehrmacht officer, he wants to keep them according to the legal 25% granted by the state when finding historical value.

In accordance with the Hague Conventions, wearing military uniform during hostilities or armed conflicts is a necessary condition for defining military personnel as legal combatants with all the special rights arising from this status. At the same time, a mandatory element of the military uniform is insignia, which clearly indicates membership in the armed forces of one or another side of the armed conflict. The people's militia participating in such conflicts may wear a variety of uniforms, but must have distinguishable signs (bandages, crosses, etc.) at least at a shooting distance.

Front-line soldier

Corporal (1) in a 1943 model uniform. The insignia from the buttonholes has been transferred to the shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum magazine for the PPSh-41, a 35-round open-arm magazine began to be produced, also suitable for the PPS-43. Horn magazines were carried in pouches in three compartments. Grenades were usually carried in pouches on the waist belt.

By the beginning of the war, there were pouches for one grenade, in this case the F-1 (Za) grenade is shown. More practical pouches for three grenades appeared later; a pouch with a fragmentation grenade RG-42 (Зb) is shown. The pouches with two compartments were intended for high-explosive RGD-33 grenades; the grenade with a fragmentation ring (Zs) is shown here. The 1942 model duffel bag had a design that was simple to the point of primitiveness.

Each compartment had an ax, which was carried by one of the soldiers on a waist belt in a special case (5). A new type of pot (6), similar to the German model. Enamel mug (7). Due to the shortage of aluminum, glass flasks with a cork stopper were found among the troops (8). The glass of the flask could be green or brown, or transparent. The flasks were hung from the waist belt using a fabric cover. The BN gas mask was equipped with a conversation box and an improved TSh filter (9). Gas mask bag with two side pockets for spare eyepiece glasses and a pencil with anti-fog compound. The pouch for spare ammunition was hung on the back to the waist belt and could hold six standard five-round rounds (10).

Rookie

Private (1 and 2) in a summer field uniform, model 1936. with insignia of the 1941 model. Helmet of the 1936 model and boots with windings. Field equipment of the 1936 model, almost all equipment of this type was lost in the first year of fighting. The equipment includes a duffel bag, a roll with an overcoat and a raincoat, a food bag, cartridge pouches with two compartments, a sapper shovel, a flask and a gas mask bag. The Red Army soldier is armed with a 7.62 mm Mosin rifle, model 1891/30. The bayonet is attached in the opposite direction for ease of carrying. Shown are a bakelite medallion (3), a sapper's shovel with a cover (4), an aluminum flask with a cover (5), a bandoleer for 14 rifle clips (6). Later, instead of leather equipment, canvas equipment was produced. Two five-round clips (7) were placed in each compartment of the cartridge pouch. The idle pot (8) served both as a saucepan and as a bowl. Boots (9) with windings (10). BS gas mask with bag (11). The protrusion between the eye sockets made it possible to wipe the fogged glass from the inside and clear the nose. The gas mask was equipped with a T-5 filter.

German corporal uniform (non-commissioned officer), 1939-1940

01 - M-35 field jacket with non-commissioned officer insignia, 02 - M-35 steel helmet with Heeres markings, 03 - Zeltbahn M-31 camouflage fabric tent "Splittermuster", 04 - gray ("Steingrau") trousers, 05 - leather belt, 06 - filter bags for gas mask, 07 - M-38 gas mask, 08 - M-24 grenade, 09 - black leather pouch, 10 - M-31 aluminum bowler hat, 11 - boots, 12 - 7, 92 mm Mauser 98k, 13 - Seitengewehr 84/98 bayonet, 14 - sapper blade.

Lieutenant's uniform of the 82nd Airborne Sicily, 1943

01 - M2 helmet with camouflage net, 02 - M1942 jacket, 03 - M1942 trousers, 04 - M1934 wool shirt, 05 - boots, 06 - M1936 Loading belt with M1916 holster for Colt M1911 and pistol, 07 - M1936 shoulder straps, 08 - Carbine М1А1, 09 - M2A1 gas mask, 10 - M1910 folding shovel, 11 - M1942 bowler hat, 12 - M1910 bag, 13 - dog tags, 14 - M1918 Mk I knife, 15 - M1936 backpack.

Luftwaffe uniform Hauptmann (captain), FW-190-A8 pilot, Jagdgeschwader 300 "Wild Sau", Germany 1944

01 - LKP N101 headphones, 02 - Nietzsche & Gunter Fl. 30550 points, 03 - Drager model 10-69 oxygen mask, 04 - Hankart, 05 - AK 39Fl. compass, 06 - 25 mm Walter Flarepistol M-43 with ammunition on the belt, 07 - holster, 08 - FW-190 parachute, 09 - aviation boots, 10 - M-37 Luftwaffe breeches, 11 - Luftwaffe leather jacket with Hauptmann and Luftwaffe emblem bandage.

Private ROA (Vlasov's army), 1942-45

01 - Dutch field jacket with ROA on buttonholes and shoulder straps, Heeres eagle on the right chest, 02 - M-40 trousers, 03 - medallion, 04 - M-34 cap with ROA, 05 - boots, 06 - M-42 gaiters, 07 - Grman unloading belt with pouch, 08 - M-24 grenade, 09 - M-31 bowler hat, 10 - Bayonet, 11 - M-39 straps, 12 - M-35 helmet with camouflage net, 13 - “New Life” magazine for "Eastern" volunteers, 14 - 7.62 mm Mosin 1891/30

US Army Infantry Uniform 1942-1945

01 - M1 helmet, 02 - M1934 shirt, 03 - M1934 sweatshirt, 04 - M1941 trousers, 05 - boots, 06 - M1938 leggings, 07 - M1926 lifebuoy, 08 - M1937 ammunition belt, 09 - M1924 personal care products, 10 - M1910 bowler hat, 11 - gas mask, 12 - M1918A2 Browning Automatic Rifle with M1907 belt, 13 - stripes, 14 and 15 - manuals, 16 - sleeve badges: A - 1st Armored, B - 2nd, C - 3- I am Infantry, E is 34th, F is 1st Infantry.

Kriegsmarine (navy) Matrosengefreiter, 1943

01 - naval jacket, Iron Cross 2nd class, veteran crew badge on the left chest, Matrosengefreiter insignia 02 - Kriegsmarine cap, 03 - naval peacoat, 04 - "deck" trousers, 05 - "Signal" magazine, July 1943 , 06 - tobacco, 07 - cigarette paper, 08 - “Hygenischer Gummischutz-Dublosan”, 09 - boots.

Major of the maintenance unit of the 1st Polish Armored Division, Germany, 1945

01 - M 37/40 casual uniform, 02 - black shoulder strap of the 1st Armored Division, 03 - 1st Div badge, 04 - Silver cross from the Virtuti Militari, 05 - M 37 shoulder straps, 06 - 11.43 mm Colt M1911 pistol, 07 - officer's boots, 08 - leather vest, 09 - drivers' gloves, 10 - helmet for driving armored units, 11 - AT Mk II motorcycle helmet, 12 - Mk II helmet, 12 - leggings.

Private, Luftwaffe, France, 1944

01 - M-40 helmet, 02 - Einheitsfeldmütze M-43 cap, 03 - M-43 camouflage T-shirt “Sumpftarnmuster”, 04 - trousers, 05 - shoulder straps, 06 - 7.92 mm Mauser 98k rifle, 07 - M-31 breadbag , 08 - M-31 bowler hat, 09 - M-39 boots, 10 - medallion, 11 - “Esbit” pocket heater.

Lieutenant's uniform, RSI "Decima MAS", Italy, 1943-44

01 - "Basco" beret, 02 - model, 1933 helmet, 03 - model, 1941 flight jacket, leutenant badges on cuffs, lapel badges, 04 - German belt, 05 - Beretta 1933 pistol and holster, 06 - German M-24 grenade, 07 - 9 mm TZ-45 SMG, 08 - pouches, 09 - trousers, 10 - German mountain boots, 11 - badge of participation in the Folgore company.

8 SS-Kavallerie division "Florian Geyer", summer 1944

01 - M-40 Feldmutze cap, 02 - M-40 helmet with SS badges, 03 - field jacket 44 - new cut, cavalry badges on shoulder straps, 04 - trousers, 05 - M-35 belt, 06 - wool shirt, 07 - M-39 shoulder straps, 08 - “Florian Geyer” bandage, 09 - woolen gloves, 10 - Panzerfaust 60, 11 - 7.92 mm Sturmgewehr 44, 12 - M-84/98 bayonet, 13 - canvas pouches, 14 - M- 24 grenades, 15 - Waffen SS salary card, 16 - M-31 bowler hat, 17 - M-43 leather boots, 18 - Leggings.

Captain (Kapitanleutnant) - submarine commander, 1941

01 - officer's jacket, Kapitanleutnant insignia, 02 - Kninght Cross of the Iron Cross, 03 - submarine insignia, 04 - Unofficial insignia of the 1st and 9th U-boat flotillas, 05 - cigarette cap of Kriegsmarine officers -, 06, 07 - leather gloves, 08 - leather coat "U-Boot-Päckchen", 09 - boots, 10 - "Junghans", 11 - naval binoculars.

Partisan of the Peasant Battalion (Bataliony Chlopskie), Poland, 1942

01 - wz.1937 “rogatywka” cap, 02 - jacket, 03 - trousers, 04 - boots, 05 - improvised bandage, 06 - 9 mm MP-40 SMG.

01 - canvas hat with headphones, 02 - model 1935 cap with a red star, 03 - linen overalls, 04 - canvas bag for a gas mask, 05 - officer boots, 06 - holster for 7.62 mm Nagant, 07 - leather tablet. , 08 - officer's belt.

Polish infantry uniform, 1939

01 - wz.1939 "rogatywka" cap, 02 - wz.1937 "rogatywka" cap, 03 - wz.1937 steel helmet, 04 - wz.1936 jacket, 05 - badge, 06 - WSR wz.1932 gas mask in a canvas bag, 07 - hygiene products, 08 - leather pouches, 09 - wz.1933 breadbag, 10 - leather unloading belt, 11 - wz.1938 bowler hat, 12 - wz.1928 bayonet, 13 - folding shovel in a leather case, 14 - wz.1933 backpack with blanket, 15 - biscuits, 16 - wz.1931 combination bowler, 17 - spoon + fork set, 18 - owijacze fabric belts used instead of socks, 19 - boots, 20 - GR-31 fragmentation grenade, 21 - GR -31 offensive grenades, 22 - 7.92 mm Mauser 1898a rifle, 23 - 7.92 mm cartridge clips, 24 - WZ. 1924 bayonet.

Private, Red Army, 1939-41

01 — Ushanka hat, 02 — coat, 03 — felt boots, 04 — belt, 05 — 7.62 mm Tokarev SVT-40 rifle, 06 — bayonet, 07 — ammunition, 08 — gas mask bag, 09 — folding shovel.

NKVD lieutenant, 1940-41

01 - model 1935 NKVD cap, 02 - model 1925 NKVD tunic, 03 - dark blue cloth trousers with crimson piping, 04 - boots, 05 - waist belt, 06 - holster for Nagan 1895 revolver, 07 - model 1932 officer's tablet, 08 — NKVD Badge installed in 1940, 09 — Red Star badge, 10 — military ID, 11 — cartridges for a revolver.

01 - model 1940 steel helmet, 02 - padded jacket, 03 - field trousers, 04 - boots, 05 - 7.62 mm Mosin 91/30 rifle, 06 - rifle oiler, 07 - model 1930 bandolier, 09 - military ID, 10 - tablet.

01 - model 1943 "tunic" sweatshirt, officer version, 02 - model, 1935 breeches, 03 - model, 1935 Cap, 04 - model, 1940 helmet, 05 - model, 1935 officer's belt and shoulder straps, 06 - holster for Nagant, 1895 , 07 - tablet, 08 - officer's boots.

Red Intelligence Officer, 1943

01 - model 1935 cap, 02 - camouflage clothing, autumn, 03 - 7.62 mm PPS-43, 04 - canvas bag for ammunition, 05 - officer's belt 1935, 06 - leather case with 7.62mm TT Pistol, 07 - model , 1940 knife, 08 — Adrianov’s compass, 10 — officer’s boots.