Remember the procedure for parsing a complex sentence. Analysis of proposals by composition online

Many PC users may need to parse a sentence. This may be caused by classes in the standard school curriculum, studying philology and linguistics at the university, or other related purposes related to the syntactic analysis of verbal structures. At the same time, parsing itself presupposes the possession of the necessary knowledge base, therefore a number of users may need to somehow facilitate this process, in particular, by using auxiliary online resources. In this material I will tell you how to parse a sentence online, and what resources will help us with this.

As is known, classical syntactic analysis of a sentence is carried out according to the following algorithm:

1. Determining the purpose of uttering a sentence (narrative, incentive, interrogative);
2. Determining the emotional coloring of a sentence (exclamatory - non-exclamatory);
3. Determining the number of grammatical stems in a sentence (one stem is a simple sentence, two or more stems is a complex sentence);

If the sentence is simple, then it is also necessary to decide whether it is one-part or two-part, common or not, complicated or not, what parts of speech are expressed by the members of the sentence, and draw up a diagram of the sentence.

If complex sentence, then it is necessary to determine the conjunction or non-conjunction connection, the method of connection (intonation, subordinating, coordinating), determine the type of complex sentence (non-conjunctive, complex, complex) and so on.

Parsing sentences online - implementation features

The abundance of syntactic parameters and the richness of sentence composition options make parsing using robotic systems quite complex. Therefore, there are a fairly small number of resources on the Internet that perform syntactic or related analysis of sentences (texts). Below I will describe a number of such resources and tell you how to use them.

Seosin.ru - a resource that allows you to perform text analysis

The resource seosin.ru is one of the most famous resources of this kind. The capabilities of this site, according to the developers, allow for morphological and syntactic analysis of text online, as a result of which the user receives statistics about the existing text.

To work with this resource, follow the link provided, paste the text into the window, enter the control number at the bottom, and click on “Analyze”.

Advego - semantic text analysis

The popular content exchange "Advego" boasts a built-in tool for semantic text analysis, which can also be useful in parsing. This tool determines the total number of words used, the number of significant and unique words, the amount of “water”, and so on.

To work with the resource, you must register. Then go to the “SEO text analysis” tab at the top, on the page that opens, insert the required text into a special window, and click on “Check”.

Resource erg.delph-in.net

The erg.delph-in.net resource is a powerful linguistic tool that allows you to perform syntactic analysis of various English sentences using tools such as Linguistic Knowledge Builder, PET System parser, Answer Constraint Engine generator, and others.

To work with this service, go to the resource erg.delph-in.net, insert your English-language sentence into a special line, and click on the “Analyze” button on the right. The system will process the proposal and give you the result.

Forums

The corresponding philological and linguistic forums (in particular, gramota.turbotext.ru, lingvoforum.net and others) can help you perform syntactic analysis of a sentence online. You can register on one of these forums, and in your post ask experts for help in parsing the sentence you need.

Conclusion

Carrying out syntactic parsing of a sentence presupposes possession of the appropriate knowledge base, without which such parsing would simply be impossible. At the same time, the resources available on the network on this topic are quite scarce, and due to a number of conceptual reasons they cannot carry out a full syntactic analysis of the sentence (this is especially true for Russian-language resources). Therefore, in this regard, I recommend either replenishing your knowledge base, or turning to philologist forums for help - they will definitely help you with the necessary syntactic analysis.

Analysis of a sentence by composition is called syntactic. It is one of the first to be studied in school. At first, the process can be difficult, however, after two analyzes many people quickly find all the components. Knowledge of parts of speech, rules about the basis and secondary members of a sentence, and an understanding of the connection of words in a phrase will help in analysis. This is completed by the end of primary school, so 5th grade students complete the analysis without difficulty.

By adhering to a certain sequence, you can quickly make an analysis. To do this, you will need to pay attention to the following steps:

1. Determine what type of phrase it is: narrative, interrogative or incentive.
2. Exclamatory and non-exclamatory sentences are distinguished by their emotional color.
3. Then they move on to the grammatical basis. You need to find it, indicate the method of expression, indicate whether the sentence is simple or complex.
4. Determine the one-part and two-part nature of what is written.
5. Find additional members of the sentence. They will show whether it is common or not.
6. Using certain types of lines, highlight each minor member of the sentence. At the same time, above the word it is indicated which member of the sentence it is.
7. Indicate whether there are missing members of the sentence in the proposed phrase, which will allow you to determine whether the statement is complete or incomplete.
8. Are there any complications?
9. Describe what you wrote.
10. Make a diagram.

In order to correctly and quickly parse, you need to know what the base and minor members are.

The basis

Every stem has a subject and a predicate. When parsing, the first word is underlined with one line, the second - with two. For example, " Night has come" Here the grammatical basis is the complete phrase. The subject word is “night”. The subject cannot be in any case other than the nominative.

Next door is the predicate “came”, which describes the action performed with the subject. (Dawn has come. Autumn has come.) Depending on whether the sentence is simple or complex, one or two bases are distinguished. The statement “Yellow leaves are falling from the trees” has the same grammatical basis. And here are two basics: “The moon hid - morning came.”

Before parsing phrases, you need to find additional members of the sentence:

1. Most often the object is a noun or pronoun. Prepositions can be added to the second member of the sentence. It answers all case questions. This does not include the nominative case, since only the subject can have it. Look (where?) at the sky. Let's discuss (what?) the question. In semantic meaning, they are on the same level as a noun.
2. The definition performs a descriptive function, answering the question “Which one?” Whose?". It is often difficult to identify a member of a sentence due to the fact that it comes in two types. Concordant, when two words are in the same person, gender, number and case. Inconsistent acts as a phrase with control and adjacency. For example: “There is a bookshelf hanging on the wall. There is a shelf for books hanging on the wall.". In both cases, you can ask the question: which one? However, the difference is the consistency and inconsistency of the definition.
3. The circumstance describes the manner of action, the time. It is considered the most extensive member of the sentence. We met (where?) in a store. (When?) Yesterday we went to the cinema. I (how?) can do the exercise easily. This leads to the fact that adverbial is often confused with an addition. Here it is important to correctly pose the question from the main word to the dependent one.

Relationships when writing

It is important to say that all minor members are necessarily associated with one of the main words. The definition is part of the subject, so questions are asked specifically from this member of the sentence. But the addition and circumstance are connected with the predicate.

During parsing, the letter should indicate the minor members. If the subject and predicate are underlined with one and two lines, respectively, then the complement is highlighted with a dotted line, the definition with a wavy line, and the circumstance with a dot and a dash. When parsing, it is imperative to indicate in a graphical form what each word is.

Practical lesson

Consider a simple sentence:

In winter, tourists go to the ski resort.

Start with the basics. Here it is represented by the phrase “tourists are leaving.” That is, the subject is tourists, the predicate is going. This is the only basis, which means that what is written is a simple statement. Since there are additional members, it is common.

Now you can start looking for add-ons. It was not used here when writing. It is followed by the definition: to (what?) ski resort. And you can highlight the circumstances. They go (where?) to the resort, they go (when?) in winter.

This is what the sentence looks like when analyzed by composition: In winter (obv.) tourists (mean) go (fable) to the ski (def.) resort (add.).

Example of a complex sentence:

The sun set behind a cloud, and light rain began to fall from the sky.

First we look for the basis. The sentence talks about sun and rain. This means that there are two bases in the sentence: the sun went down and it started to rain. Now we need to find additional members of the sentence in each base. It has gone (where?) behind the cloud; went (what?) little one, went (from where?) from the sky.

This is how you need to break down common sentences by composition:

The boy sat on the roof of the house and looked at the starry sky, attracting his gaze.

(Declarative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates and a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase).

Here the basis is that the boy sat and watched, so there are two predicates. Finding the minor members of the sentence. I was sitting (where?) on the roof of (what?) the house. I looked (where?) at the sky, (what?) starry. The sky (what?), attracting the eye.

That is, after finding all the components of the statement, it will look like this:

The boy (mean) sat (fable) on the roof (obv.) of the house (add.) and looked (fairy) at the starry (def.) sky (obv.), attracting the eye (def.).

Parsing a sentence is not difficult. The main thing is to follow the steps, starting with finding the main members of the sentence. They are the basis. Then they move on to the minor ones. At the end of the analysis, each of them is underlined with a certain line.

Video

From the video you will learn how to correctly parse a sentence.

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Syntactic analysis of a simple sentence has become firmly established in the practice of primary and secondary schools. This is the most difficult and voluminous type of grammatical analysis. It includes the characteristics and outline of the sentence, analysis by members indicating parts of speech.

The structure and meaning of a simple sentence is studied starting from the 5th grade. The full set of features of a simple sentence is indicated in the 8th grade, and in the 9th grade the focus is on complex sentences.

In this type of analysis, the levels of morphology and syntax are correlated: the student must be able to identify parts of speech, recognize their forms, find conjunctions, understand how words are connected in a phrase, know the signs of the main and minor members of a sentence.

Let's start with the simplest thing: we will help the children prepare for parsing in 5th grade. In elementary school, the student remembers the sequence of parsing and performs it at an elementary level, indicating the grammatical basis, syntactic connections between words, the type of sentence according to the composition and purpose of the statement, learns to draw up diagrams and find homogeneous members.

In elementary schools, different Russian language programs are used, so the level of requirements and student preparation are different. In the fifth grade, I took in children who studied in elementary school under the programs of the educational system "School 2100", "School of Russia" and "Primary School of the 21st Century". There are also big differences. Elementary school teachers do a tremendous job to compensate for the shortcomings of their textbooks, and they themselves “lay” continuity between primary and secondary schools.

In grade 5, the material on sentence analysis is generalized, expanded and built into a more complete form; in grades 6-7 it is improved taking into account newly learned morphological units (verb forms: participle and gerund; adverb and state category; function words: prepositions, conjunctions and particles ).

Let us show with examples the differences between the level of requirements in the parsing format.

Plan for parsing a simple sentence

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Find out the type of sentence by emotional coloring (non-exclamatory or exclamatory).

3. Find the grammatical basis of the sentence, underline it and indicate the methods of expression, indicate that the sentence is simple.

4. Determine the composition of the main members of the proposal (two-part or one-part).

5. Determine the presence of minor members (common or non-common).

6. Emphasize the minor members of the sentence, indicate the ways of their expression (parts of speech): from the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate.

7. Determine the presence of missing members of the sentence (complete or incomplete).

8. Determine the presence of a complication (complicated or not complicated).

9. Write down the characteristics of the proposal.

10. Create an outline of the proposal.

For analysis, we used sentences from Sergei Kozlov’s wonderful fairy tales about the Hedgehog and the Little Bear.

1) It was an extraordinary autumn day!

2) Everyone’s duty is to work.

3) Thirty mosquitoes ran out into the clearing and began to play their squeaky violins.

4) He has neither a father, nor a mother, nor a Hedgehog, nor a Bear.

5) And Belka took some nuts and a cup and hurried after.

6) And they put things in a basket: mushrooms, honey, a teapot, cups - and went to the river.

7) Pine needles, fir cones, and even cobwebs - they all straightened up, smiled and began to sing with all their might the last autumn song of the grass.

8) The Hedgehog lay, covered up to his nose with a blanket, and looked at the Little Bear with quiet eyes.

9) The hedgehog sat on a hill under a pine tree and looked at the moonlit valley, flooded with fog.

10) Across the river, the forest was dark, blazing with aspens.

11) So until the evening they ran, jumped, jumped off the cliff and screamed at the top of their lungs, setting off the stillness and silence of the autumn forest.

12) And he jumped like a real kangaroo.

13) Water, where are you running?

14) Maybe he's gone crazy?

15) It seems to me that he imagined himself... as the wind.

Examples of parsing simple sentences

Today we continue to study a complex sentence, in this lesson we will learn how to parse it.

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement ( narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Determine the type of sentence by intonation ( exclamation, non-exclamation).

3. Identify simple sentences within complex ones and determine their bases.

4. Determine the means of communication of simple sentences in a complex one ( allied, non-union).

5. Highlight the minor members in each part of a complex sentence, indicate whether it is common or uncommon.

6. Note the presence of homogeneous members or appeals.

Proposition 1 (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Sentence 1

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex (has two grammatical stems), conjunctive (connected by the conjunction And), both the first and second parts are not widespread (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Analysis of sentence 1

Proposition 2 (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Proposition 2

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive. The first part is common (there is a definition), the second is not common (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Analysis of sentence 2

Parse the sentence (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Offer

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, conjunction. The first part is common, complicated by homogeneous predicates. The second part is common.

Rice. 6. Analysis of the proposal

Bibliography

1. Russian language. 5th grade. In 3 parts Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. 9th ed., revised. - M.: 2012 Part 1 - 182 p., Part 2 - 167 p., Part 3 - 63 p.

2. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts. Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Baranov M.T., Trostentsova L.A. and others - M.: Education, 2012. - Part 1 - 192 pp.; Part 2 - 176 p.

3. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook / Ed. Razumovskoy M.M., Lekanta P.A. - M.: 2012 - 318 p.

4. Russian language. 5th grade. Textbook in 2 parts Rybchenkova L.M. and others - M.: Education, 2014. - Part 1 - 127 p., Part 2 - 160 p.

1. Website of the festival of pedagogical ideas “Open Lesson” ()

Homework

1. What is the procedure for parsing a complex sentence?

2. What are complex sentences for the means of communication between parts?

3. Underline the grammatical basics in the sentence:

The hasty dawn was approaching, the heights of heaven brightened.

Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you the correct sequence of actions that will help you cope with this task easier.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

• narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
• interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
• incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

• exclamation marks - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
• non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

The number of grammatical stems in a sentence determines what kind of sentence it is:

• simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
• difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

In the future, the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence and the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence follow different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

• one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
• two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

• widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
• uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complete or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

• full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
• incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or not complicated by introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

• “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
• “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

• Oral analysis: the sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, he moved, he didn’t, he stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, a separate definition (participial phrase), a separate circumstance (adverbial phrase).
• Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

• allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit”(L. Tolstoy);
• non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

• intonation;
• coordinating conjunctions;
• subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

• compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
• complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
• complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
• sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-union complex sentence can be expressed by different punctuation marks: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

• what does the subordinate clause refer to;
• whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
• what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

• sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
• parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
• homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Use this step-by-step guide regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

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