Relationship between papillomavirus and HIV infection. Is HPV related to HIV Follow the page

HIV vs HPV

HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus and HPV stands for human papillomavirus. HIV is an RNA virus while HPV is a DNA virus. HIV transmission mainly occurs through sexual contact as a result of the transfer of fluids from one person to another. Transmission for HPV occurs through the skin, mainly from abrasive surfaces and from sexual contact.

People infected with HIV get various forms of infections. One of them is HPV. HPV is difficult to treat in HIV positive patients. HPV can be treated, while HIV-infected individuals do not get rid of the disease for life.

In HIV-infected people, the immune system is compromised and, therefore, any disease can easily affect them. When HPV enters the body, it is not easily recognized by the body's immune system because it is compromised and it affects the individual more often in HIV patients.

HIV is life threatening whereas HPV, when it occurs alone, is not life threatening. HPV occurs in HIV-infected people when the number of CD4 cells decreases and the viral load increases. Complications of HPV are warts observed in the hands, genital areas, feet and oral cavity. The complication of HIV infection acquires an immunodeficiency disease and ultimately leads to death.

HPV treatment includes both oral and topical antiviral drugs. Topical applications should be done in the wart area, and sometimes surgical removal of the wart can be done. Treatment for HIV includes anti-HIV drugs that simply lower the levels of the virus and improve a person's life. There is no permanent cure for HIV.

HPV can be completely resolved, but complications such as cervical cancer can sometimes occur, whereas with HIV there is no regression of the disease, but instead worsens the increase in viral load, reduced immunity and advanced stage of the disease, which acquires the immunodeficiency virus, leading to death.

HPV does not cause any symptoms, but in some cases symptoms such as warts may appear. It is more common in the genitals, but in some cases it can also occur in the throat, which is called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. At first, the wart appears small and the cauliflower is similar in appearance. It may grow in later stages. It can be either raised or flat. This happens after a few days of sexual contact. It mostly regresses, but in some cases it can increase in size and number. Few cases of HPV show cervical cancer. HIV eventually develops all kinds of infections due to reduced immunity.

SUMMARY: 1. HIV is an RNA virus and HPV is a DNA virus. 2. Many infections develop with HIV, while HPV shows warts and in some cases causes no symptoms at all. 3. HPV treatment is an antiviral drug, mainly in topical form, and for HIV, an anti-HIV drug. 4. Complete regression of HPV is possible, while only quality of life improves with HIV. 5. The complication of HPV is cervical cancer, while for HIV it is AIDS, leading to death.

Hello dear guest of our site. In this article, we will tell you how you can get tested for the human papillomavirus and what you need for this.

Papillomavirus is an epitheliotropic pathogen that causes changes in the mucous membranes and skin. Papillomas appear on the skin of the neck, face, upper body, on the mucous membranes of the genital organs (cervix, vagina, vulva), the skin of the genital organs (anogenital warts).

The virus is transmitted exclusively among the human population. At the same time, there are almost no people who would not be infected, so HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection.

Of the other ways of transmitting the pathogen, one can note the contact and household way, as well as from mother to child. Persons at risk include not only decreed groups (prostitutes, drug addicts), but any person who is sexually active.

During its activity, the human papillomavirus causes two types of changes:

Productive (when papillomas form);
Transforming (dysplasia of the mucous epithelium, malignant tumors).

The number of viruses with a high oncogenic risk is growing every year, due to the refinement in the structure of the DNA of various types of HPV.

Pathogens multiply in the squamous epithelium of the skin, resulting in skin warts and papillomas. Papillomavirus infection is characterized by a variable course: subclinical, pronounced, latent.

Manifestations in both sexes can be anogenital warts (cover the vestibule of the vagina, cervix, urethral opening, vaginal walls). In men, the localization is as follows: the foreskin, the glans penis, the skin of the scrotum.

The ability to cause a latent course in infected people is a feature of human papillomavirus infection. At this time, the pathogen is in an inactive state, only expression and transcription occurs, the formation of infectious viruses does not occur.

How to check for HPV in the body?

In the presence of clear clinical manifestations, large warts, laboratory confirmation is not required. When confirmation of the diagnosis is required in the case of warts on the cervix, a Papanicolaou test is performed.

This is a swab taken from the cervix. The test has excellent diagnostic value, allowing you to detect malignant changes in the early stages. But sometimes the results are false negative (even up to 55% of cases), as well as false positive (up to 15%).

An analysis for the human papillomavirus in men and women is carried out using a polymerase chain reaction. The method has high specificity and sensitivity: when determining virus DNA, these indicators are up to 100%.

What is PCR?

It is a highly sensitive method for laboratory determination of the DNA of infectious agents. Material is taken from the patient (blood, urine, saliva, sputum, amniotic fluid) and the presence of DNA or RNA of the pathogen is determined in it. More often, a smear-scraping from the mucous membrane of the cervix or urethra becomes the material for research.

The indications for analysis are:

Warts and condylomas of the anogenital area;
If a cytological examination reveals epithelial dysplasia;
As a preventive screening study.

It is not allowed to take material from women during menstruation. An analysis for papillomavirus may show normal cytological results in the presence of virus DNA. In women, this result of the analysis may indicate that after 2 years, 15-28% of patients may develop squamous and intraepithelial dysplasia.

If the results indicate viruses with a high risk of oncogenicity, and the patient's age is more than 35 years, one can think of a persistent infection and an increased risk of cervical cancer. A malignant tumor develops in 40-65% of cases.

If you get questionable results of a cytological analysis, then you should expect the detection of human papillomavirus in 75% of cases. Thus, the analysis makes it possible to correctly evaluate the contradictory result of cytological analysis.

After a course of treatment, a blood test should give a negative result.

Other ways to determine infection

To date, the most sensitive among the diagnostic methods is the Dijin test. In addition to detecting the virus itself, the test allows you to determine the degree of its oncogenicity and belonging to one of 100 types.

Also, the doctor will be able to recognize clinically significant concentrations of the virus in the tissues taken for analysis, which serves as a primary diagnostic sign.

The analysis according to this technique is generally accepted in the world community, since doctors, based on its results, can develop uniform protocols for managing patients with HPV.
The research material can be:

Scraping of epithelial cells of the cervical canal;
A similar scraping from the vagina and from the urethral mucosa;
Glass slide with already available material for analysis;
Patient tissues that are taken during a biopsy.

The method is good as a screening quantitative analysis of a person in the examination of women, as well as in the case of an indeterminate Pap test result.
Deciphering the analysis according to the Dajin test gives the following results:

Positive results in the absence of clinical manifestations. In this case, a re-analysis is prescribed after 6 months;
With a repeated positive test, it can be concluded that the virus persists. If the analysis is supplemented by the clinical picture, the specialist can conclude the risk of developing cervical cancer;
For women over the age of 30, with a negative result, a repeat study is recommended after a year.

Prices for tests that determine the presence of the virus in humans will be hurt. The polymerase chain reaction test will be inexpensive. If you decide to make a diagnosis based on the latest advances in medicine, and this is a Dijin test, you will have to pay a large cost several times over.

HPV types 16 and 18: a detailed description and methods of treatment

HPV types 16 and 18: what is it

These include:

early onset of sexual relations;
promiscuous sex life, frequent change of partner, non-traditional sex - oral or anal;
the presence in the body of infections that cause sexually transmitted diseases;
abortions, gynecological diseases in women;
bad habits and stress;
chronic diseases, diabetes mellitus, HIV infection.

Routes of entry into the body:

with intimate relationships, papillomas and condylomas are formed on the organs of the genitourinary system;
during household contact, if there is even the slightest wound or cut on the skin, the virus can easily enter the body through household items or personal items;
during childbirth - a child may be born with growths in the mouth, larynx, genitals or perineum.

The main symptoms of HPV types 16 and 18 in men and women are:

growths in the form of warts - they have a rough surface, a rounded regular shape, no more than a centimeter in diameter, the shade is from flesh to dark;
in the form of papillomas - they almost merge in color with the skin, affect hidden places - armpits, groin, elbows, under the chest;
in the form of warts - grow and multiply very quickly, affect the mucous membranes and skin of the genital organs and anus.

What is the danger of HPV types 16 and 18:

are the most oncogenic among all HPV strains;
men from 18 to 25 years old fall into the risk group. Although the infection can be in the body in a calm state for a long time, over time it can lead to infertility, impotence, erectile dysfunction;
more dangerous for women - according to research, half of all cancerous pathologies of the cervix are associated with the presence of these viruses in the body. Even their detection is considered by gynecologists and oncologists to be a precancerous condition. Cause cervical dysplasia;
have a 100% chance of infection. They are mainly transmitted through saliva and blood, but there is a danger of penetration through microtrauma;
have high stability. Once in the body, they get used to the genome of a human cell, causing oncological skin diseases.

How to diagnose and treat HPV types 16 and 18 in men and women

blood test for PCR;
Digen test - the most modern and accurate type of diagnostics that allows you to examine the DNA of the virus;
colposcopy for women;
cytological or histological examination.
a number of other diagnostic measures, if the diagnosis is in doubt.

Treatment primarily involves the removal of the growth. The most modern methods are:

cauterization with aggressive chemicals;
application of a laser beam;
cryodestruction, cauterization with liquid nitrogen;
surgical operation with a scalpel.

Often at the reception, women are interested in whether it is possible to get pregnant if HPV type 16 is detected. If you are planning to have a baby and take it seriously, then you should first be treated to eliminate the risk of infection of the child.

Antiviral therapy, which is carried out without fail after the removal of growths, involves the use of modern medications aimed not only at suppressing the activity of the virus, but also at strengthening the immune system so that the body can eventually fight the disease on its own and eliminate the risk of relapse.

The best drugs against viruses include:

Acyclovir;
Epigen spray;
Isoprinosine;
Cycloferon;
Groprinosin.

In addition, immunomodulators and vitamin-mineral complexes are very important.

Also important:

do not have abortions;
lead a healthy sex life;
use contraception;
regularly undergo preventive examinations;
treat existing chronic diseases, do not start them.

Human papillomavirus type 56 in women and men

More than 60% of people on the planet are infected with the human papillomavirus. HPV 56 belongs to this family. The group of viruses is similar in symptoms and ways of infection, and differs only in oncogenic risk and cross-infection. The diagnosis of HPV of this type is terrible for most people, and this is justified, as it provokes the development of neoplasia (cancer) in the cells of the reproductive organs, reduces life and its quality.

HPV type 56 is more often sexually transmitted and poses a significant threat to the human reproductive system.

Features of type 56 virus

Human papillomavirus (Human papillomavirus) is a heterogeneous group of viruses that affects the skin and mucous membranes, such as the cervix, anal canal, oral cavity. More than 600 types (strains) are known. HPV is the most common infection that is transmitted during sexual contact. It is so disseminated that all sexually active people can be its carriers at any time in their lives. All strains can be divided into 3 groups:

HPV with low oncogenic risk (HPV 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51, 61, 72, 73);
HPV with an average oncogenic risk (HPV 30, 35, 45, 52, 53, 56, 58);
HPV with high oncogenic risk (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 50, 59, 64, 68, 70);

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Transmission routes and risk factors

HPV in 33% is spread through sexual transmission - the main way. Since during sexual intercourse the integrity of the epithelium is violated, which allows the human papillomavirus type 56 to penetrate and cause infection. Other ways of transmitting the virus are also distinguished:

baby in childbirth;
through touch - by contact (in public places through minor wounds, scratches on the skin).

The human papillomavirus is not transmitted by aerogenic means, that is, through the air and the touch of objects, for example, a door handle, a handshake.

Immunocompromised people with uncontrolled sex and poor hygiene are at risk of contracting HPV type 56.

Human papillomavirus exists in the body in a latent state. In 90% of cases, within 6-12 months, the body copes with the infection on its own - self-healing. The manifestation of symptoms and the transition to a chronic disease, with frequent exacerbations, occurs if the following risk factors are present:

reduced immunity or immunosuppression;
overwork, chronic stress;
a large number of sexual partners;
earlier onset of sexual activity;
HIV infection;
the presence of other STDs;
nutrient deficiency;
drug use, smoking, psychoactive substances;
genetic predisposition;
pregnancy.

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Risks for men and women

Type 56 belongs to the oncogenic risk group, affecting the human reproductive system, causing genital infection in women and men. Both sexes, regardless of sexual orientation, will be infected with at least one type of HPV virus in their lifetime. For men, HPV is not dangerous, as it is not associated with health risks. Genital warts occur in men infected with the virus, but are extremely rare. In women, on the contrary, the frequency of occurrence is quite high - 80%. Also, the type 56 virus in women leads to erosion, cervical dysplasia - pathological changes in the normal epithelium of the internal organ. The DNA of the virus, weakening the human immune system, activates the appearance of a bacterial, fungal, and other viral infection.

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HPV symptoms

After an incubation period, which on average lasts from 15 days to several years, symptoms of infection appear only in 10% of cases. It is generally accepted that there are no symptoms of the disease. Despite the fact that the virus causes changes in the cells of the skin, mucous membranes, they are insignificant and do not cause anxiety and complaints in the patient. Papillomavirus 56 causes noticeable changes in the presence of risk factors. Warts or genital warts, which can be found around the anus, on the penis, scrotum in men. The same warts appear on the female genitalia - on the large and small labia, on the clitoris, as well as in the urethra. Their appearance may be accompanied by itching and burning.

HPV type 56 provokes the growth of intimate warts, and they are a source of physical discomfort.

Condylomas are formations that protrude above the surface of the skin or mucous membrane on the leg. They have different colors - from pale pink to dark brown. They tend to merge and grow rapidly. They are characterized by growth not only above the surface of the skin, but also grow inside, which makes it difficult to remove.

The US Centers for Disease Control claims that HPV infection causes cancers in the cervix, vagina in women, and penis cancer in men. Also HPV type 56 causes cancer of the anal canal, oropharynx. But dysplasia is of particular importance at first, and then cervical cancer.

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV). RESEARCH HISTORY AND RELATION TO THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

Karp Tatyana Dmitrievna

2nd year student, Department of Medical Biophysics, Far Eastern Federal University, RF, Vladivostok

Reva Galina Vitalievna

scientific supervisor, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Russian Federation, Vladivostok

Currently, more than 120 types of papillomaviruses have been identified, of which 70 types are described in detail. It has been established that papillomaviruses have type and tissue specificity, which means that each type is able to infect the tissue characteristic of its localization. For example, HPV type 1 causes plantar warts, HPV type 2 causes common warts, HPV type 3 causes flat warts, etc.

The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to subgroup A of the papovirus family (Papoviridae). HPV has a spherical shape with a diameter of up to 55 nm. A capsid with a cubic type of symmetry, forms a geometric figure - an icosahedron, built of 72 capsomeres. The HPV genome is presented as a cyclically closed double-stranded DNA with a molecular weight of 3-5 mD. Isolated DNA has infectious and transforming properties. One of the DNA strands is considered coding and contains information about the structure of viral proteins. One coding chain contains up to 10 open reading frames, which, depending on the location in the genome, are divided into early and late ones.

The HPV virion contains two layers of structural proteins, denoted by the letter E. The early region includes the E1, E2 genes, which are responsible for viral replication. The E4 gene is involved in the maturation of viral particles. HPVs of high oncogenic risk encode the synthesis of capsid proteins E5, E6 and E7, which are involved in malignant transformation. E6/p53 and E7/Rv1 interactions lead to cell cycle distortion with loss of control over DNA repair and replication. Thus, the polymorphism of the gene encoding p53 is a genetic predisposition for the active development of HPV with subsequent cell malignancy. The late genes L1 and L2 encode proteins of the viral capsid.

Internal proteins associated with DNA are cellular histones, and capsid proteins are type-specific antigens. HPV reproduction occurs in the nuclei of cells, where viral DNA is present in the form of an episome. This is the first feature that distinguishes HPV from other oncogenic DNA-containing viruses that can integrate their genome into the DNA of a transformed cell.

The second feature of HPV is that the viral gene responsible for cellular DNA replication can be transcribed, causing the host cell to divide along with HPV, which leads to a productive type of inflammation, regardless of the ability of the host cell to regulate the expression of the viral genome.

The HPV genome contains hormonal receptors for progesterone and glucocorticoid hormones, which explains the dependence of the course of PVI on the hormonal homeostasis of a woman.

According to the classification of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, HPV 16, 31, 51 and 18 are classified as "carcinogenic to humans", while HPV 66 is classified as "possibly carcinogenic".

Multivariate analysis suggests that the number of sexual partners during a lifetime plays a key role in HPV infection. This reinforces the idea that the most appropriate age for HPV vaccination is before sexual activity. Living with a partner had a protective effect against high-risk HPV infection.

The link between HPV and HIV. After 30 years of an HPV epidemic, there are about 2 new infections for every treatment and no effective vaccine. New interventions with a biologically targeted co-factor for HIV infection are needed. Links have been established between sexually transmitted infections, especially herpes simplex virus type 2, and the acquisition of HIV. A number of recent studies have documented the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and HIV infection.

HPV, the main cause of cervical cancer, is rapidly acquired after the onset of sexual activity, infections with several genotypes are similar. This makes HPV a widespread sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. There are approximately 40 HPV genotypes that affect the human genital tract, they are divided into 2 groups depending on oncogenic potential: high risk oncogenic and low risk without oncogenic genotypes. Symptoms of the infection are rare and usually present as an anogenital condyloma. There are two effective vaccines that offer protection against HPV. The bivalent vaccine is directed against HPV 16 and 18 types, and the quadrivalent against 16,18, 6, 11. Evidence is provided that both vaccines cross-act with types for which there is no vaccine (especially HPV 31,33 and 45).

Accumulating, evaluating, and synthesizing the available evidence linking HPV to HIV acquisition could provide scientists with an important resource for evaluating the potential role of HPV in the HIV pandemic. The aim of the study was to collect and evaluate observational data that link HPV prevalence and HIV infections, and to estimate the proportion of HIV infections due to HPV infections.

This systematic review of the literature provides the first summary of published data on the association between HPV infection prevalence and HIV infection. 7 out of 8 studies showed an association between these infections, a high proportion of HIV infections are associated with any HPV genotype. Summarizing studies in women, an almost two-fold increase in the risk of HIV infection in the presence of HPV genotypes was found, the same association was found in two studies in men.

The association between HPV prevalence and increased risk of HIV infection is biologically plausible. It has been shown that the E7 protein of HPV type 16 reduces the number of epithelial adhesion molecules, namely E-cadherin (cell adhesion is the connection of cells to each other, which leads to the formation of certain correct types of histological structures specific to these cell types. The specificity of cell adhesion is determined by the presence on the surface of cells, cell adhesion proteins - integrins, cadherins, etc.).

This potentially increases HIV permeability in the genitals. The cells lining the genital tract contain Langerhans cells, which can metabolize HIV, preventing the infection from spreading further. The immune response to HPV is mediated by T-lymphocytes, this response may increase the risk of HIV infection, since T-lymphocytes are the main target cells for HIV. An increase in the number of these cells has been seen in HPV-infected tissues of the cervix. An increase in the cytokine IL-Iβ, which activates a promoter region in the HIV genome, has also been found in women with abnormal cytology of the HPV-infected cervix.

In summary, studies in women have shown a strong association between HPV prevalence and HIV infection. The HPV vaccine is very effective in the primary prevention of HPV and subsequent cervical cancer and genital warts. Refinement of the results presented in this study is needed in order to assess the potential of the HPV vaccine to influence the incidence of HIV.

Bibliography:

Afanasiev Yu.I., Yurina N.A. Histology, embryology, cytology - textbook. M: "Geotar-Media", 2013, - 797 pages.
Cristina Giambi, Serena Donati, Francesca Carozzi, Stefania Salmaso, Silvia Declich, Marta L Ciofi degli Atti, Guglielmo Ronco, Maria P Alibrandi, Silvia Brezzi, Natalina Collina, Daniela Franchi, Amedeo Lattanzi, Maria C Minna, Roberto Nannini, Elena Barretta, Elena Burroni, Anna Gillio-Tos, Vincenzo Macallini, Paola Pierotti, and Antonino Bella - A cross-sectional study to estimate high-risk human papillomavirus prevalence and type distribution in Italian women aged 18–26 years. 02/07/2012, US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. ]Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599585/ (accessed 11/1/2014).
Catherine F HOULIHAN, Natasha L LARKE, Deborah WATSON-JONES, Karen K SMITH-MCCUNE, Stephen SHIBOSKI, Patti E GRAVITT, Jennifer S SMITH, Louise KUHN, Chunhui WANG, and Richard HAYES - HPV infection and increased risk of HIV acquisition. A systematic review and meta-analysis 11/18/2013 US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. ]Electronic resource] - Access mode. - URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3831022/ (accessed 11/15/2014).

With its distribution mechanism and typical localization of manifestations, papillomavirus resembles sexually transmitted pathogens. Located, as a rule, in the genital area, most often infection occurs through sexual contact. However, unlike conventional STDs, papillomavirus can be obtained in other ways. How else is HPV different from these diseases?

Papilloma and HIV are connected primarily by the fact that the latter is accompanied by a significant decrease in immunity and can cause the manifestation of the former. As you know, AIDS over time suppresses the human immune system, as a result of which the body is unable to resist HPV. Since papilloma infects up to 90% of the population, sooner or later characteristic skin growths begin to appear in most HIV-positive patients. Because of this, it is recommended to test for HIV infection when papillomavirus occurs.

Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation: Papillomavirus is one of the most oncogenic viruses. Papilloma can become melanoma - skin cancer!

Thus, both pathogens are associated with the work of the immune system and interact with each other through it. The difference between HIV and HPV is that the former affects the immune cells of the body, and the latter is a skin disease and is activated only when immunity is reduced.

HPV and cytomegalovirus

Papillomavirus and CMV are very similar - infection occurs in similar ways, rashes in the active phase appear in the same places on the body. However, CMV belongs to herpetic viruses - the nature of microorganisms is the main difference between HPV and CMV.

In addition, while papillomatosis manifests itself only in the form of skin lesions, the symptoms of cytomegalovirus are similar to acute respiratory infections. The temperature rises, the head hurts, weakness appears. Against the background of CMV, pneumonia can develop. Both viruses can lead to various diseases of the genital organs, up to cervical cancer.

HPV and chlamydia

Chlamydia is not a viral infection. The causative agents that cause it are bacteria. Like papillomatous infection, in some cases this pathogen can spread beyond the reproductive system and manifest itself in various areas of the body. There are cases of chlamydial pneumonia, conjunctivitis, etc.

Another similarity of diseases is that they are difficult to detect while they are in a passive stage. Chlamydia may not show up for a long time after infection. Everything again rests on immunity - like HPV, chlamydia begin an aggressive attack on the human body only during a period of weakening of the defenses. This is especially true for HIV-infected people: they are most susceptible to infection with sexually transmitted diseases.

MINISTRY OF HEALTH WARNING: “Papillomas and warts can become melanoma at any time. "

Relationship between papillomavirus and HIV infection

The similarity of abbreviations in medicine is not uncommon. But the coincidence of terms or the overlap of symptoms of HPV and HIV is not the worst thing. One disease can be a harbinger of another. The appearance of certain signs suggests that it was possible to prevent the development of a terrible diagnosis by taking timely measures. How interconnected are these types of infectious diseases from a medical point of view?

What is HPV or why papillomas appear

HPV is a virus that is transmitted sexually. Pathogenic cells enter the blood. The infection has several varieties and manifests itself with a decrease in the activity of the immune system.

Widespread, according to statistics, about 90% are infected.
It leads to the appearance on the skin, including intimate organs, papillomas, condylomas and other benign formations.
In the lag behind adequate therapy, growths degenerate into cancer.
There is a chance for self-healing, it occurs in a year.

Reference: HPV is an infectious disease with specific manifestations. There are several varieties of the virus, type 16 and 18 are considered dangerous.

degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one with the development of oncology;
suppuration, inflammation or damage to the papilloma;
the appearance on the body of multiple formations, their active growth (development of papillomatosis).

It is believed that if a person has everything in order with immunity, then it is not worth treating the disease, it will pass on its own, and with it the warts that appear on the skin will disappear.

Taking medications that improve protective functions.
Purification and normalization of the work of vital organs and systems.
Removal by any available method of warts.

It is possible to detect the human papillomavirus when carrying out appropriate diagnostic procedures. But often they are not required, since it is enough for the doctor to conduct a visual examination.

HPV has an unfavorable prognosis only under certain circumstances, there is a degeneration of the tumor, the development of oncology. In other cases, the patient can count on a cure.

HIV positive status: what is it

Immunodeficiency is the inability to resist pathogenic microorganisms. A person with such a diagnosis is unstable to viral agents and bacteria, easily infected and often suffers from protracted, complicated diseases of various origins.

A virus can cause immunity deficiency, the cells of which suppress the natural protective functions. Antibodies lose their ability to resist pathogens. As a result, the common cold becomes a fatal diagnosis for a person.

But HIV is not AIDS, but a condition that must be corrected with the help of drug therapy. These diseases are usually associated, although the difference between them is obvious.

Attention! AIDS is the final stage in the development of the immunodeficiency virus, patients with this diagnosis rarely live longer than 2 years.

The main signs and manifestations of the disease:

at the initial stage, a person begins to feel worse: lethargy, drowsiness, and malaise appear;
there are signs of a respiratory or viral infection with a slight increase in body temperature;
an increase in lymph nodes in the inguinal, axillary or submandibular zone, accompanied by soreness.

Both women and men may have one non-specific symptom - an increase in body temperature. At the same time, there are no other signs of the disease.

Often there are no symptoms, which leads to late diagnosis. HIV does not manifest itself in any way, which means that a person has been a carrier of the infection for a long time without knowing about it. To make a correct diagnosis to the patient, you will need to donate blood for analysis and wait for the results.

Is there a link between infections

Undoubtedly, HPV and HIV are two different diseases, but with a detailed study of the issue, you can find similarities between infections:

They lead to a decrease in the activity of the immune system.
They predict each other.

The relationship between diseases is obvious to physicians. They managed to establish the following pattern:

people with a deficient immune system are more likely to suffer from manifestations of HPV;
at the same time, in such patients, the human papillomavirus degenerates into cancer.

According to studies, HPV in HIV-infected people often leads to the development of dysplasia, resulting in oncology. Most often, women suffer from this, faced with a diagnosis such as cervical cancer.

The relationship between diseases is considered conditional and it cannot be argued that everyone who has had HPV or found several warts on the body is infected with HIV.

You can also find similarities when conducting drug therapy: for the treatment of these diseases, drugs that stimulate the immune system are used. It can be difficult to determine whether HPV and HIV are related or not. But in order not to become a victim of a fatal diagnosis later, when papillomas appear on the body, it is worth donating blood for HIV infection and determining your status.

On the causes of human papillomavirus infection, see below:

How to treat papilloma virus? Why is he dangerous? Does it look like HIV infection? What is fraught with, how to deal with it? Help me please

Removal of cells modified by the human papillomavirus can be carried out by any known surgical method (cryolysis, laser conization, diathermoconization or amputation of the cervix):

The most effective and promising is a complex combined method of therapy, when local removal of external manifestations of HPV is carried out against the background of systemic and local antiviral treatment.

Combination therapy includes: local destructive treatment (surgical removal) in combination with the use of various systemic non-specific antiviral and, if necessary, immunomodulatory drugs that help suppress HPV activity up to its complete destruction, reducing the frequency of relapses to isolated cases, which clinicians most often associate with HPV reinfection from a sexual partner.

These drugs include the following:

Allokin-alpha;
Viferon;
Genferon;
Isoprinosine;
Immunomax;
Likopid;
Epigen intimate.
Allokin-alpha
Pharmacotherapeutic group: antiviral, immunomodulating agent.
Release form: lyophilisate for solution for injection in ampoules, 3 per pack.

Effective in the treatment of chronic papillomavirus infection caused by oncogenic human papillomaviruses.

In monotherapy, Allokin-alpha is recommended for the treatment of papillomavirus infection caused by oncogenic types of the virus, in the absence of lesions of the cervix and anogenital region. As part of complex therapy - for the treatment of various forms of lesions of the cervix and anogenital area caused by oncogenic types of HPV.

Viferon
Pharmacological groups: interferons.
Release form: ointment, gel, suppositories.

It combines well with antiviral agents and interferon inducers, is effective against HPV as a local immunomodulatory agent as part of complex therapy when HPV is combined with the herpes virus or chlamydial, mycoplasma infection.

I had sexual intercourse with my boyfriend, I was his first, and he was my second. A month later, he found out that he had HIV and no more diseases, I tested negative for HIV, but they found a dangerous type of HPV, erosion and a cyst. Has handed over on a biopsy soon to go on reception and I am afraid that a cancer. How can it be that they found HIV in him, but I don’t, I have HPV, but he doesn’t. How can this be, can anyone tell me something similar?

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Psychotherapist, Sexologist. Specialist from b17.ru

Lydia Shumina

Psychologist, Clinical psychology Psychotherapy. Specialist from b17.ru

Shiyan Olga Vasilievna

Psychologist, Psychologist-consultant. Specialist from b17.ru

Tankova Oksana Vladimirovna

Psychologist, Online consultant. Specialist from b17.ru

Natalya Evgenievna Pokhodilova

Psychologist, Kinesiologist Online consultant. Specialist from b17.ru

Bondarenko Tatyana Alekseevna

Psychologist, Candidate of Psychological Sciences. Specialist from b17.ru

6 months have passed since the PA?
Is he a drug addict?

I have oncogenic HPV, erosion. I doubled the erosion I'm being treated

Are you sure you are the first?

As far as I know, antibodies to HIV in the tests are determined only 6 months after infection. Therefore, the analysis must be retaken after six months. If you have used a condom correctly, the risk is small.
HPV is also transmitted through a condom. But maybe not passed on to the guy.

Now a new test determines HIV immediately.

hiv. detected only after 6 months after infection.
6 months have passed since the PA?
Is he a drug addict?
Sympathize with you. The most important thing is to start receiving maintenance therapy as soon as possible.

He is still gay or bi, maybe just a girl first, not a girl who knows him.

Well, what is there. For_time does not stick to for_time. My grandfather used to say that too.

Is HPV also venereal? My sister just has this. I'm shy to ask

And vinerichesky is it from the word blame?))

Are you sure you are the first?

HIV is not only transmitted through sex. They could give him a blowjob. and so through the blood, a small cut

I dated a guy who had HIV and hepatitis C for six months. The first analysis showed nothing. And then a few years later I retaken, no HIV, and hepatitis C, apparently, was transmitted. Although, they say that supposedly they cannot get sick sexually. But that 100% guarantee is not there, maybe somewhere else I picked it up, who knows. And so, it happens that people live for years and nothing is transmitted to anyone. On the Internet, I read a lot of discussions about HIV, that there is no evidence that you can somehow get infected with it. And about HPV - in my youth they found it in me and said that it was not treated. But in adulthood, I retaken the tests for hidden infections many times and never found them again. I asked the doctors and they said that it could go away on its own, such cases are not uncommon. Moreover, there were also two bad species, and erosion was once cauterized for me. Now, besides hepatitis C, I have just perfect health. I don’t even know if it’s worth treating it or if I’m passing my life somehow. And is it being treated or is it a money scam.

can you give me hepatitis c?

why do you need it?))) I’m saying that it’s not even clear how people get infected with it. My friend had a boyfriend with hepatitis C - nothing was transmitted to her, and the doctor said that such a probability is negligible. But my distant relative in another city also caught hepatitis C from somewhere, although he doesn’t drink, doesn’t smoke, doesn’t take drugs, and in general he’s been around for many years, so it’s unlikely that he messes with everyone randomly))) Where does this disease come from - in general xs. Yes, and the disease is strange, it does not manifest itself in any way, only in the results of the analyzes it is visible, well, life is a little shortened.

HIV and HPV are linked or not

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV). RESEARCH HISTORY AND RELATION TO THE HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)

Karp Tatyana Dmitrievna

2nd year student, Department of Medical Biophysics, Far Eastern Federal University, RF, Vladivostok

Reva Galina Vitalievna

scientific supervisor, Ph.D. honey. Sciences, Professor, Far Eastern Federal University, Russian Federation, Vladivostok

The HPV genome contains hormonal receptors for progesterone and glucocorticoid hormones, which explains the dependence of the course of PVI on the hormonal homeostasis of a woman.

The article was written based on the materials of the sites: www.zppp.saharniy-diabet.com, bolezni.com, otvet.mail.ru, www.woman.ru, sibac.info.

While HPV and HIV are sexually transmitted, you don't have a medical connection. However, behaviors that put you at risk of contracting HIV can put you at risk for HPV.

What is HPV?

More than 150 related viruses are collectively referred to as human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and can cause other health conditions, including genital warts and cervical cancer.

About 79 million people in the US have HPV. It's so common that most sexually active people cut off at least one type of HPV during their lifetime.

What is HIV?

HIV is transmitted sexually. The virus attacks and destroys CD4-positive T cells. blood cells that protect your body by looking for and fighting off infection. Without healthy T cells, your body offers little protection against opportunistic infections.

If you don't have treatment, HIV can lead to AIDS.

Signs of HPV

Often, people with healthy immune systems are able to fight HPV infections on their own without experiencing noticeable health problems.

When the body is unable to fight HPV, symptoms may appear as genital warts. You can also develop warts in other parts of your body, including:

HPV primarily increases the risk of developing cervical cancer, but increases the risk for other cancers. This includes cancer:

HPV cancers can take years to develop. Because of this, it is important to get checked regularly. Women should be screened regularly for cervical cancer.

HIV symptoms

People with HIV often do not know they have the virus. It does not cause any physical symptoms at all. In some cases, you may experience symptoms of the disease for one to six weeks after infection.

fever
enlarged lymph nodes
joint pain

Risk factors What are the risk factors for HPV and HIV?

You can compress any virus when you come into direct contact with someone who has it. Viruses can enter your body through any opening or break your skin.

You can get HPV through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex. HIV can be transmitted in a variety of ways, including through blood, breast milk, or sexual fluids. Penetration during sex is not required to contract HIV. Perhaps all that is required may be exposure to the previously infected person's seminal or vaginal fluids. Vaginal, oral and anal sex increase the risk of HIV infection.

Another mode of transmission is through the use of injection needles.

Having an STI increases the risk of contracting HIV, and people with HIV are more likely to get HPV.

DiagnosisHow are HPV and HIV diagnosed?

HPV diagnostics

In some people, the development of genital warts may be the first indicator of an HPV infection. Others may find out they have HPV when they develop more serious conditions such as cancer.

Your doctor can usually diagnose HPV just by looking at your warts. If the warts are difficult to see, a test using a vinegar solution turns them white so the warts can be identified.

A Pap test can determine if cells from the cervix are abnormal. Certain types of HPV can also be identified using a DNA test on cells from the cervix.

HIV diagnosis

It may take up to 12 weeks for your body to develop antibodies to the virus. HIV is usually diagnosed with blood or saliva tests, but these tests can have false negatives if you take them too quickly. This means that the test result is returned as negative even if you have a viral infection. A newer test checks for a specific protein that will be present shortly after you become infected.

You can also use a home test, which only requires a gum smear. If you get a negative result, you should recheck after three months. If it is positive, see your doctor to confirm the diagnosis.

The sooner you are diagnosed and treated, the better. CD4, viral load, and drug resistance tests can help figure out what stage of the disease you have and how best to approach treatment.

TreatmentHow do you treat HPV and HIV?

Treatment Options for HPV

There are no specific treatments for HPV, but it often clears up on its own. Treatments are available for genital warts, cancer, and other conditions that occur due to HPV.

HIV treatment options

HIV infection has three stages:

People often describe the symptoms of acute HIV infection as having the "worst flu". During this stage, typical flu symptoms are common.

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)

WHAT IS HPV?
HOW TO DIAGNOSIS HPV?
CAN HPV PREVENT?
HOW DO YOU TREAT HPV INFECTIONS?
BASIC MOMENTS

WHAT IS HPV?
There are over 100 viruses known as human papillomavirus (HPV). They are widespread. In one study, HPV was found in 77% of HIV-positive women. HPV is easily transmitted during sexual activity. It is estimated that 75% of all sexually active people aged 15 to 49 get at least one type of HPV infection.
Some types of HPV often cause warts on the hands or feet. Infection on the hands and feet is usually not transmitted through sexual activity.
Some types of HPV cause genital warts (warts) on the penis, vagina, and rectum. People living with HIV can get complications such as ulcers in the rectum and in the neck. HPV can also cause problems in the mouth, tongue, or lips.
Other types of HPV can cause excessive cell growth, known as dysplasia. In men and women, dysplasia can develop into anal cancer, cervical cancer, and penile cancer.
Dysplasia around the anus is called anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is the growth of new abnormal cells in the fold of the anus.
Cervical dysplasia is called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). AIN or CIN is more common in people with HIV infection than in people who are HIV negative.

HOW TO DIAGNOSIS HPV?
To identify HPV, doctors first of all look at the problems that arise with HPV: dysplasia or warts.
Dysplasia can be detected by cytological studies of Pap smears. They are usually used to examine the cervix in women. They can also be used to examine the anus in men and women. A swab from the study area is performed to collect cells. Cells are placed on glass and examined1 under a microscope.
Reflexive HPV testing is used when Pap smear results are not clear. Testing can identify those who need more thorough evaluation or treatment. Reflex testing determines which types of HPV are present and can show if aggressive treatment is required.
Some researchers believe that anal and cervical swabs should be performed annually in groups of people at increased risk:
people who have had receptive anal sex
women who have had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
those with fewer than 500 CD4 cells.
However, other researchers believe that a thorough physical examination, like an anal Pap test, can detect many cases of anal cancer.
Warts may appear weeks to months after HPV risk. Warts may look like small bumps. Sometimes they are fleshy and look like small cauliflower. Over time, they can get bigger.
Your doctor can usually tell if you have genital warts on a physical examination. Sometimes an anoscope instrument is used to examine the anal area. If necessary, suspicious wart tissue can be taken for examination under a microscope. This is called a biopsy.
Warts are caused by a different type of HPV than the one that causes cancer. But, if you have warts, you may have other types of HPV that can cause cancer.

CAN HPV PREVENT?
There is no easy way to know if someone is infected with HPV. People who do not have any signs or symptoms of an HPV infection can pass on the infection.

Condoms do not completely prevent the transmission of HPV. HPV can be transmitted through direct contact with infected areas that are not covered by a condom.
Sexually active men and women with HIV may want to have regular anal and/or vaginal Pap smears to look for abnormal cells or early signs of warts. If the result is positive, follow-up should be continued to see if treatment is required.
The Gardasil vaccine was approved in 2006. However, it has not been tested or approved for people already infected with HPV.

HOW DO YOU TREAT HPV INFECTIONS?
There is no direct treatment for HPV infection. For some people, the HPV infection "disappears" (they are "cured"). Then they can be infected with HPV again. However, dysplasia and warts can be removed. There are several ways to do this:
Burning with an electric needle (electrocautery) or laser
Freezing with liquid nitrogen
Cutting out
Treating them with chemicals
Other less common treatments for warts are treatment with 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) and interferon-alpha. A new drug, imiquimod (Aldara®), has been approved for the treatment of genital warts. Cidofovir (Vistide®), originally developed to fight cytomegalovirus (CMV), also helps fight HPV.
HPV infections can last for a long time, especially in people who are HIV positive. Dysplasia and warts may recur. They should be treated when found to reduce the chances of spreading or recurring problems.

Infections that develop with HIV

What are opportunistic infections? What are opportunistic infections? How is opportunistic infection prevented? You will find answers to these questions in the article.

This is the name of diseases that can occur in the later stages of HIV infection with a weakened immune system. Some of them develop only with HIV infection, others in combination with HIV acquire a particularly severe, life-threatening form.

By itself, HIV does not cause disease or death, but opportunistic diseases that develop against the background of HIV infection are dangerous. These diseases are caused by infections that are harmless or almost harmless with normal immunity, but can lead to serious problems if immunodeficiency develops. They are also called HIV-associated diseases.

Contrary to popular belief, a simple cold or flu is no more dangerous for HIV-positive people than for anyone else.

Not all infections are opportunistic and there are not so many of them.

What are opportunistic infections

bacterial pneumonia. Infection with bacteria during HIV infection can develop into bacterial pneumonia. The risk is increased if you smoke or use drugs. Prevention of PCP (pneumocystis pneumonia) helps prevent bacterial pneumonia. Bacteria can also cause severe gastrointestinal distress.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) - a widespread genital infection caused by a group of viruses, united under the name "human papillomavirus". HPV is easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact. The virus causes genital warts, which look like bumps on the surface of the penis, vagina, or anus. Certain types of HPV can also cause cervical cancer. The virus can be passed from one person to another even in the absence of symptoms. HPV can be transmitted to anyone, but in people with HIV, the disease is much more severe, can recur many times and last for a long time. There is no cure for HPV, but there are numerous ways to remove warts and treat dysplasia of the cervix and anus caused by HPV.

HPV is easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact. The virus causes genital warts, which look like bumps on the surface of the penis, vagina, or anus. Certain types of HPV can also cause cervical cancer. The virus can be passed from one person to another even in the absence of symptoms. HPV can be transmitted to anyone, but in people with HIV, the disease is much more severe, can recur many times and last for a long time. There is no cure for HPV, but there are numerous ways to remove warts and treat dysplasia of the cervix and anus caused by HPV.

Histoplasmosis It is caused by a fungus that lives in the soil, which it enters through bird excrement or other organic matter. The fungus enters the human body by inhalation of dust containing this fungus. Many people are exposed to the fungus, but usually in a healthy body the disease does not develop. Histoplasmosis usually affects the lungs, but in people with a weakened immune system, it can spread throughout the body. Histoplasmosis is not transmitted from person to person. Histoplasmosis is treated with antifungal drugs.

Candidiasis (thrush) usually affects the mouth, larynx, lungs and/or vagina. The fungi that cause candidiasis are naturally present in the human body, and they are the cause of most cases of the disease. It often occurs in HIV-negative people, but HIV-positive people are much more susceptible to it. Severe cases of candidiasis occur in people with an immune status below 200 cells/ml. Candidiasis is treated with antifungal drugs, but recurrences are not uncommon.

Mycobacterium avium complex - a disease caused by mycobacteria Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. These two similar types of bacteria are ubiquitous in water, soil, dust, and food. Anyone can be infected, but people who are HIV-positive have a much higher risk of developing a serious illness. Bacteria can affect specific areas or spread throughout the body. A wide range of drugs are available to prevent and treat the Mycobacterium avium complex and to prevent its recurrence.

Cryptococcal meningitis. It is caused by the fungus Cryptococcus, which is normally present in the soil, where it enters through bird excrement. Cryptococcus enters the human body by inhalation of dust in which this fungus is present. Many people are exposed to the fungus, but in a healthy body, the disease usually does not develop. Cryptococcal meningitis is not transmitted from one person to another.

Shingles (Herpes zoster) , also known as shingles, is caused by the same Herpes Varicella-zoster virus that causes chickenpox. Although the virus also infects HIV-negative people, it is most prevalent among HIV-positive people due to a weakened immune system. The result of the defeat of the virus are extremely painful rashes on the chest, back and face. Rashes usually appear on one area of the body and last for several weeks. Herpes zoster is treated with anti-herpes drugs and painkillers.

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). The causative agent is the microorganism Pneumocystis carinii, which lives everywhere in the environment. It is believed that the fungus is spread by air. The fungus can be present in anyone's lungs, but pneumonia only develops in people with an immune status below 200 cells/mL. Pneumocystis pneumonia, although completely preventable and treatable, is a serious disease that can be fatal if left untreated. Pneumocystis pneumonia can be treated and prevented with various antibiotics, such as cotrimoxazole (Biseptol).

Herpes simplex (HSV) is a disease caused by the Herpes simplex virus. The herpes simplex virus causes sores on the lips ("fever") and eyes, and this virus also causes genital or anal herpes. In people with HIV, herpes rashes are more common and more severe than in HIV-negative people. With a low immune status is a serious problem. Existing anti-herpetic drugs relieve and prevent the symptoms of herpes, although they do not cure it completely. If you do not have the herpes simplex virus, avoid infection, which can occur through sexual contact or through contact with people who have active herpes.

Tuberculosis (TB). A dangerous bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. A person with active TB can become infected with TB by coughing, sneezing, or talking. Although HIV-negative people can get TB, the risk is much higher for people with HIV. Although not every HIV-infected person develops TB, TB infection accelerates the progression of HIV infection and is the leading cause of death among HIV-positive people worldwide. That is why prevention, timely diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is very important for HIV-positive people. The presence of mycobacteria is determined using the Mantoux skin test - it should be carried out regularly, at least once a year. If the test is positive (papule more than 5 mm in diameter), prophylactic treatment with isoniazid is prescribed. Depending on the severity of the disease, treatment can take several months or even years.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause in people with a low immune status a dangerous eye disease - retinitis - leading to loss of vision. CMV also causes diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and other organs. With a positive reaction to CMV antibodies and a low immune status, prophylactic treatment is prescribed (ganciclovir and other drugs). CMV is already present in the body of most people: it is most often transmitted sexually. If you are CMV negative, use condoms or safe sex.

Prevention of opportunistic infections

With HIV infection, it is important to avoid infections that can be dangerous in a weakened immune system. However, you don’t need to live “under the hood” either.

Talk to your doctor about getting vaccinated against various infections. HIV-positive people are not recommended "live vaccines", in other cases they are not contraindicated.

Do not eat raw fish and eggs, uncooked meat or poultry, they can contain dangerous bacteria. Raw and ready-to-eat foods should be stored separately and cut on separate cutting boards. Do not store food for too long, do not finish what is "about to go bad." Always wash your fruits and vegetables thoroughly, and of course your hands.

Dogs and cats are best fed with special food rather than raw meat, and do not miss regular visits to the veterinarian. It is better to make cats completely domestic and not let out on the street. If you have a cat living at home, change its tray only with gloves on. If the immune status is below 200 cells / ml, it is better if someone else does it.

It is important for HIV-positive women to undergo regular (about once every 6 months) gynecological examination. Be sure to see your doctor if you have irregular periods, abnormal vaginal discharge, or lower abdominal pain. It is advisable to regularly do a cytological examination of the cervix, it will prevent the development of cancer.

If the immune status is below 100 cells / ml, it is better to drink only bottled or well-boiled water to prevent infections such as cryptosporidiosis.

If possible, contact with people with active TB should be avoided. If you have had a similar risk, consult a doctor, you may need a preventive course of treatment that will prevent the development of tuberculosis.

Finally, don't forget to see your doctor if you have serious and dangerous symptoms, which may include various infections: high fever; blood in the stool; prolonged diarrhea; severe pain in the chest or abdomen; persistent headache; difficult breathing; deterioration of vision; burning and sores in the oral cavity. These manifestations may not be associated with any serious diseases, but why take risks if they can help you get rid of them?

Based on the materials of the article "The fight against opportunistic infections".

Is hpv linked to hiv

On July 20, at the 21st International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, UNAIDS, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Global Coalition on Women and AIDS launched a joint report entitled "HPV, HIV and Cervical Cancer: Using Synergistic Mechanisms to Save Women's Lives" and compiled during the work of the United Nations Joint Interagency Task Force on Noncommunicable Diseases . The report was presented during an informal discussion with representatives from UNAIDS, WHO and the International Community of Women Living with HIV (East and South Africa). The meeting was hosted by Ebony Johnson from the Athena network.

HPV has a significant impact on the annual statistics of morbidity and mortality, causing a range of diseases - from benign tumors to invasive cancer. There is also growing evidence that HPV may be an important additional factor in the process of HIV infection.

Given the links between HPV, HIV and cervical cancer, there is a need to leverage synergies and adopt a comprehensive, issue-focused approach to sexual and reproductive health and women's lives.

The appearance of the report has become an incentive for a lively and informal dialogue for activists, researchers, service providers, development partners and UN representatives. The event was attended by Tessie, Princess of Luxembourg, Yvonne Chaka Chaka and Africa Zulu, Prince Onkweni.

For citation

“Girls and young women need respect for their rights and access to comprehensive information and comprehensive health services that fully meet their health needs, including sexual and reproductive health. One effective way to provide such information and services is to provide all girls with free secondary education and high-quality health programs in schools that include HIV, HPV and sexual health services.”

Mahesh Mahalingem UNAIDS

“All women should have a general knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer in order to understand their relationship with HIV. Information and access to integrated services will help prevent the spread of these AIDS-related diseases among women and girls.”

Tembi Nakambule director of the National Network of People Living with HIV and AIDS in Swaziland

“If we apply our knowledge of prevention and early detection, cervical cancer will be the easiest of many cancers to detect and treat. However, in low- and middle-income countries, we see a huge gap in the delivery of essential services, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer. We must move away from the traditional approach of separating the fight against communicable and non-communicable diseases and develop synergistic mechanisms to save women's lives.”

Andreas Ulrich division of noncommunicable diseases of the World Health Organization

“As a mother of four boys, I tell all the girls in South Africa that I am concerned about the sexual and reproductive health of young people. We know that cervical cancer kills, but it can be prevented. We must provide assistance to all those who need it and make sure that young people are involved in decision making, because everyone has their own place in the world.”

Yvonne Chaka Chaka singer and activist, South Africa

is hpv related to hiv

The second point scientists explain today as follows. Use and reprint of printed materials from the site woman. Maximum that ARVT with slightly less side effects. Then I'm going to the manager tomorrow. In this case, there seems to be no special need. That's why a biopsy is needed. HPV or human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted infection.

How do men get HPV?

passed (just after the complete rejection of alcohol and nicotine). I have a feeling that HPV and HIV are somehow connected, even me some Read more to a friend HPV led to cervical dysplasia, the treatment all together more than r. I read that HPV is present in 90% of people who are sexually active. alcohol and nicotine). I have a feeling that HPV and HIV are somehow connected, even PCR for this and that. Oh girls, after all, the other day I decided all the same to find out why I have it and whether I have any infections. More shortly has handed over analyzes in INVITRO. ureaplasma, mycoplasma, chlamydia and HPV all types that are - 3 pieces. did a scraping, investigated PCR. (ependoroph with a transport medium) was not found. Hide. The vast majority of events related to scientific research in the field of HIV / AIDS is the United States and collaborations Please tell me if HPV can be cured with antibiotics without compromising immunity? I'm taking therapy. Read moreThe vast majority of events related to scientific research in the field of HIV / AIDS is the United States and the collaboration of American scientists. To a much lesser extent, it is the EU. The rest is trace values. Can you please tell me if HPV can be cured with antibiotics without risk to the immune system? I'm taking therapy. Is Hide. The human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to subgroup A of the papovirus family (Papoviridae). 7 out of 8 studies showed an association between these infections, a high proportion of HIV infections are associated with any HPV genotype. Read moreThe human papillomavirus (HPV) belongs to subgroup A of the papovirus family (Papoviridae). HPV has a spherical shape with a diameter of up to 55 nm. A capsid with a cubic type of symmetry, forms a geometric figure - an icosahedron, built of 72 capsomeres. 7 out of 8 studies showed an association between these infections, a high proportion of HIV infections are associated with any HPV genotype. Summarizing studies in women, an almost two-fold increase in the risk of HIV infection in the presence of HPV genotypes was found, the same association was found in two studies in men. The association between HPV prevalence and increased risk of HIV infection is biologically plausible. Hide.

"Condoms will protect me"

But, unfortunately, they do not protect against all STIs. Dr. Rocco explains that they provide some protection, but will not prevent infection through oral sex or skin contact. Most likely - but not always - the virus is transmitted through sexual contact. We still do not know how long the latent period of infection is.

It is very difficult to determine, especially for men, when a person got the virus. This means that men are also exposed to early infection, but may have a longer latent period of infection. How we would like it to be so! Usually, a detailed screening is performed only if the results of a cytological test are suspicious. In the case of HPV, things are a little more complicated.

I was recently diagnosed with high-risk HPV. They offer treatment regimens, antiviral drugs. Can I take any drugs for HIV? Can HPV be cured? High-risk HPV is a type of virus. The risk is determined by specific manifestations, dysplasia and its degree of CIN 1.2. It is advisable to find a gynecologist from a high-level medical organization, a specialized center or research institute and be observed by him.

All that can be done is observation, regular examination, cytological smears, then, if severe dysplasia has come in, surgery. Early HIV therapy, in general, is able to prevent the progression of changes in the cervical epithelium and the outcome in severe dysplasia. That's it, they treat all hands from boredom, as I was told there is no dysplasia and no external changes either.

And therapy scares me wildly, for 4 years the same test results, the latent course of the disease, as they wrote. The sooner you start therapy, the better for you.

You have already missed 4 years. While replication is going on, the virus has a destructive effect on your body, increases the risks and they grow in time, even with a safe IP. This shows that the main cause of these processes leading to morbidity and mortality is HIV replication. This is the root of the evil, and the toxicity of ART, in comparison with the damage caused by HIV replication, is insignificant.

From here it can also be seen that in order to break the chain with high efficiency, it is necessary to stop replication. The sooner HIV replication is stopped, the better. Optimally, as soon as it became known that replication takes place. Recommendations for the initiation of HIV therapy in all HIV-infected patients without exception, who have a detectable LN, are also reflected in modern clinical standards. As for Russia, like many third world countries, it cannot afford to treat everyone, so Russia needs to » postpone as much as possible in order to reduce budget expenditures.

Of course, the delay in therapy has nothing to do with maintaining health, prolonging life and increasing its quality, reducing the incidence and mortality of HIV-infected people.

Bobcat, I'm embarrassed by your constant obsequious bows to American commercial healthcare. And the fact that you call Russia a backward country. It is generally recognized that Soviet and Russian medical science has been and is at a very high level.

We have many brilliant specialists and advanced research institutes. From abroad, doctors come to learn from experience. There is a problem of lack of funding and brain drain.

But it gets better every year. Not everything is so unambiguous in the United States, and even more so in the world with the tactics and methods of treating HIV. In recent years, she suddenly ceased to be determined. Handed over PCR in different cities. Just let's not breed cotton-imperial srach here. We go to Russia 24 with propaganda and rejoice there.

We are not playing games here, paroxysms of pseudo-patriotism can have a deplorable effect on health. This is just a given, not a matter of debate. Whatever they think and whatever they think, it's just a given. Doesn't taste good either? Forward and with songs to the orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and a couple of domestic magazines. No one is forcing you to choose according to your taste. I personally want to focus on real leaders in medical science, which, by the way, has no direct relation to commercial healthcare, and for myself I see no alternative.

To a much lesser extent, it is the EU. The rest is trace values. However, if tomorrow our scientists will please us with something, we will be the first to write. So far this hasn't happened. No matter how pessimistically or optimistically we evaluate the scientific potential of the Russian Federation today or in the days of the USSR, there is nothing in legacy and reality that could be guided by.

In the USSR, they then attached a small paravoz to azidothymidine, played and abandoned it, but dug it up in the late 90s, unfortunately, they called it Nikavir - that's the whole inconspicuous contribution of domestic science to the treatment of HIV infection. But this is a delusion. As in the part it is generally recognized, so in the part it was and is at a very high level.

There is no need to give examples of successes and breakthroughs, for them I have the fingers of one hand and are set on edge that they have filled the ritual over them. I spoke about fundamental science and medicine in general. All this in x was badly damaged and plundered with the help of the same USA and not only medicine. This allows them to move faster in some areas, to have more modern laboratories. Thousands of scientists of the Soviet school who emigrated from the Russian Federation help them in this. And in the field of HIV-AIDS, nothing fundamentally new has yet been created.

Maximum that ARVT with slightly less side effects. Here, I still missed listening to all this nonsense about the United States and dollars, what it prints, which crawls out of all the cracks. I understand that now there are millions of heavily bitten telecoms, but STOP. We will not discuss the evil USA and the great Russia rising from its knees here. Everyone has their own opinion. You don't have to go far. For example, I came and said, I have a patient N. His further treatment will cost our hospital thousand. The first question of the chief medical officer is how long do you think he will live?

I say, it's hard to say for sure, maybe a couple of weeks. The Chief Med takes a calculator and counts. And this is a good city hospital in the city. Good, let's say, because there are also bad ones. In the bad, no one will count.

At the same time, formally, medical assistance and intensive care measures were provided to you. I advised an insulin pump to someone here, for a long time, the woman had poorly controlled glycemia .. Of course, I understood the absurdity of the advice. An ordinary resident of Rostov can spend a one-time thousand. There, a salary of 25 thousand. Diagnostics is carried out in the point-of-care ELISA format on polymer membranes, which simultaneously detects both antibodies and HIV antigens.

The analyzed sample is a smear with buccal epithelium at the time of admission. The problem of resistance is practically solved due to the high adherence of patients. The institution of patronage social workers is actively working, who visit and call the wards. Of course, this is to some extent the “Potemkin villages” of Open World, in general, it was conceived by the US government to show their country in the best light, and its main goal is to attract highly qualified specialists from other countries.

And of course, not a word about problems and difficulties, but we don’t have that either. I myself have not been to the USA, but I have enough people living there. Yes, and this is a typical patient. Does it make sense to get vaccinated against HPV for warts on the face, specifically the chin? In the spring, such a misfortune appeared, removed it with a laser in several steps, something was missed, something grew anew.

In this connection, he decided to get tested for HIV in July, and he actually showed up, can these rashes also be considered a peculiar manifestation of the acute phase? The winter test was -, IP and VN, while the doctors and the laboratory are waiting for the results on holidays, so registration is somewhat delayed. Now the manufacturers of Gardasil claim that there is a certain therapeutic effect due to the stimulation of the immune system with an adjuvant.

But you need to check whether those strains cause warts in you, which are contained in Gardasil. Usually dermatological problems are associated with 6 and 11 strains. HIV and hepatitis C for more than 10 years, I do not take therapy. The doctor said to take it again, and then we'll see. I'm afraid in another week I'll be like in a garden with cabbage, one head of cabbage almost covers the vagina, and the doctor doesn't see Therapy in SC I'm afraid they won't give it. Then I'm going to the manager tomorrow. I really understand that ARVT could help me, but I'm afraid they will refuse again, I barely begged for hepatitis C therapy.

And what is locally possible to influence it? And another question, hepatitis C therapy will not aggravate the situation? But if you are right now on the verge of antiviral treatment of hepatitis C, then according to the observations of some doctors, the “cabbage” against the background of AVT is getting smaller. But I'm not sure about the consistency of this phenomenon.

And don’t be smart about it - it’s an art to ask so that they think that they themselves suggested and thought of it. But now it is really not necessary to add ARVT. Sorry in advance for possibly stupid questions. The number of CD4 drops on interferon due to some redistribution of lymphocytes from peripheral blood to lymphoid tissue and due to bone marrow suppression. This happens in the majority, but in a number of patients the fall is not observed. Suppression of HIV replication generally facilitates the course of other chronic infections.

There's something different here. This is how it looks:. But even if we started, it was necessary to start before the treatment of hepatitis, to adapt, and only then to treat hepatitis. And now it is more logical to undergo a course of treatment, and only then you can start ART. Your answer, as always, is exhaustive. I will still be treated for hepatitis C with my short course of 24 weeks, oh Thank you very much to all the doctors for the answers! Hello, I have a few questions, I hope you can help me.

For earlier, sorry if I didn’t come to this section with a similar question. And so short from the beginning. The gynecologist suggested treatment with Alfareikin 3 million injections into the cervix. I courageously withstood this course of therapy, then suppositories with interferons, a bunch of tablets, cauterization with nitrogen, erosion. I re-tested after half a year - CD and the doctor said that I had hepatitis C. Hepatitis was detected, but upon further analysis, they said that immunity had defeated him, he was gone.

I was delighted, but I thank the interferons. So they put me on Eviplera therapy. After 2 weeks, I passed the tests for VN CD! In just two weeks of taking medication, such a result!? To date, a month since the start of therapy, it seems to have already adapted, but then genital herpes appeared out of nowhere! How to treat it if I drink such drugs? Is it really from petting that it’s not even petting, but contact with the external labia? I worry about my husband so much that we should run to the center and ask for HIV prevention for him?

Or it is possible or probable that herpes has presented and a HIV is not present? Please advise me something. This is in Temko about herpes Growth - maybe it's fluctuations. They gave an excellent scheme, the whole world is talking about early treatment, so just rejoice in any case. Regarding the transmission of HIV - Your vaginal secret, wherever it is on the hands or on the labia, contains HIV in sufficient quantities to infect. Therefore, if it gets on the mucous membranes of the husband, there is a risk. But if there was contact only with the skin of the labia, on which there was no vaginal secretion, then there is no risk.

For herpes, everything is much simpler. Contact - skin to skin - and hello! Tell me, if there are no external manifestations of herpes, but it is detected during cytology, that is, it can be in secretions, is it possible to infect a person if these secretions get on the skin, not the mucous membrane? The gynecologist said that there is no such risk. The fact is that you will not notice those very external manifestations. Everyone has some type of herpes virus. One more - one less. If the immunity is adequate, then it will cope and disappear. Can you please tell me if HPV can be cured with antibiotics without risk to the immune system?

Thanks a lot for your answer! Just with the status of the cells, he got out every month. And what is conization without histology? Or you have confused a cytology a smear and a histology a biopsy? Every doctor has bosses. Again, the patient needs it most, not the doctor. I once heard the phrase “The doctor gets to the one who gets him! The last time she was examined by a gynecologist, she passed all the tests for infections, including HPV.

There are no infections, no erosion, I have no complaints, there are several condylomas on the inside of the thigh. HPV types were found, if it is important, I will write which ones, I remember exactly 16,18,35, Lymphocytes were also elevated in the smear. The doctor prescribed the following treatment for me and my husband.

Metronidazole 7 days for both, Doxycycline 5 days for both. Polygynax candles are 10 days old for me. Candles Genferon 10 days for both. Can eat more effective schemes of treatment? Another doctor ordered a colposcopy after a course of treatment. This treatment and HPV do not fit in any way. In this case, it is enough to simply remove them, by one method or another. I started to swell my breasts, like during menstruation, I went to the gynecologist, passed a bunch of tests, as a result, HPV type 39, uroplasma, erosion, I didn’t give birth, the doctor said that they don’t treat nulliparous people After I was treated for uroplasma, the result turned out to be HPV negative, tumor markers are clean, I go to the doctor, she said that erosion should be observed simply.

Is there really no cure? I'm 32 years old, maybe all this dysplasia and cannitel due to the fact that you have to give birth to a child? Or I have HIV. Dysplasia due to HPV, with a very, very high probability, you just defined it in the wrong way, not there, or not that.

There is a huge amount of HPV, and if there were no subtypes with such and such numbers for which the test was done, this does not mean that it does not exist. We wrote about therapy above. You just need to get this thing right. It’s just that I understand that HPV is not treated, it’s just that you can’t detect it in a certain period of time. The fact that the tests were clean did not calm me down much, because dysplasia and erosion have not gone away.

You can also find out what tests to take and what treatment is approximately so that I know what to tell the doctor. And to hand over analyzes on a HIV, probably?

The consequence is treated, the manifestations are erosion, which threatens health, and not HPV itself. Here was another topic. But I will write again. Recent IS analyzes showed hypokeratosis and leukoplakia questionable. Colposcopy of the cervix revealed condylomas. They sent me for HPV and genital herpes testing.

Came analysis bacterial pastev. At the same time, at the time of pregnancy, there was nothing but gardnarela and she did not live an open sexual life.

The doctor wrote a list of drugs and the beginning of a course of treatment, but she is afraid of the connection between these drugs and HAART, so as not to cause an allergy or something else. The infectious disease specialist is on vacation for a long time.

Can you tell me if you can start taking medication or is it dangerous? Leukocytes U, C-, V Epithelium U, C, V I can't understand where everything came from, if the tank. Half a year ago, problems suddenly appeared, sorry for the details, the discharge is plentiful, the smell and women's days are smeared for very few days.

At least I won’t be in the role of an elephant after such a volume? She was shocked by the tests herself, nowhere with anyone, nothing and here on you. Our calculator has potential interactions between Kaletra and Trichopolum and ofloxacin norfloxacin from the same opera. One course should not affect. At the beginning of spring, anal warts appeared inside.

For the first time in my life. There were no signs outside. Yes, and there was nothing to worry about. I studied a lot of information on them, tried a lot of traditional and traditional medicine, but everything helped only partially and temporarily.

And so I was about to go to the doctor and remove them the other day and noticed that, lo and behold, everything had disappeared. On independent palpation, I don’t feel anything at all inside, everything is smooth, although I felt it earlier, and upon visual inspection, as far as possible with a magnifying mirror, there is nothing, although everything was very noticeable before. I know that they could disappear on their own, since almost half a year has passed. They say that they themselves can pass within six months, if the body encountered them for the first time.

It probably happened to me as well. I do not lie that my self-treatment helped me. How to prevent their occurrence in the future? I felt like a leper with them. Is a vaccine possible or is it too late?

Maybe smear something for prevention, use candles? I'm not in therapy yet, I'll start by the end of the summer. But you probably didn't read my post carefully enough. At the moment there is no condyloma. They disappeared six months after they appeared.

I would like to know what can be done as a preventive measure to prevent their occurrence in the future. I'm not in therapy yet, but I'll start it as soon as possible. But still I would like to hear your opinion on preventive measures. I really don't want to run into them again. Vaccination with Gardasil can and will have an effect. But it's impossible to say for sure. Yes, and you need a decent IP to do it and there was at least some sense. Do I need to somehow treat this virus before pregnancy, is it possible at all or is the only way to observe the consequences and can this virus affect the unborn child?

Early sexual activity, frequent change of sexual partners, unprotected sex - all these factors increase the risk of infection. Secondly, personal hygiene and scheduled examinations by specialists can reduce the risk of infection, and if this does happen, start timely treatment. Moreover, most types of the virus are treated without any problems - using interferon preparations, various creams and ointments, as well as using cryotherapy and other available means.

In addition, vaccines are available in many countries around the world that produce immunity to papillomavirus. The most effective are Gardasil and Cervarix. In our republic, you can get immunization at will for a relatively small fee. Vaccination takes place in three stages at the age of 9 to 45 years. Your e-mail will not be published. Save my name, email and website address in this browser for my subsequent comments. Any use of materials is allowed only if there is a direct active hyperlink to Doripenem.

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The article was written based on materials from the sites: ru.medic-life.com, aidsinfonet.org, www.medkrug.ru, www.unaids.org, www.jks-k.ru.