Fyodor Tyutchev - How good you are, O night sea. Poem “How good you are, O night sea...” F.I.

Behind the lines of many landscapes F. I. Tyutchev hid his feelings. This feature of creativity is reflected in the poem described in the article. It is studied in 11th grade at school. We invite you to familiarize yourself with brief analysis“How good you are, O night sea” according to plan.

Brief Analysis

History of creation- the work was written in the winter of 1865, it was first published in the newspaper “Den”, but Tyutchev did not like the editor’s edits. The poet published another version of the poem in Russky Vestnik. Both versions saw the world in 1865.

Theme of the poem– the beauty and sound of the night sea.

Composition– The poem is not divided into semantic parts, presenting a holistic description of the sea element. The formal organization is four quatrains.

Genre- elegy.

Poetic size– trimeter dactyl, cross rhyme ABAB.

Metaphors – “it walks and breathes and shines”, “the stars look from above”, “I would drown my entire soul in their charm.”

Epithets– sea “radiant”, “gray-dark”, “dull radiance”, “solitude of the night”, “sensitive stars”.

Comparisons- sea, "as if alive."

History of creation

To understand the meaning hidden between the descriptions of the sea elements, one should turn to the history of the creation of the poem. Fyodor Ivanovich wrote it in memory of Elena Deniseva. The poet's beloved died in 1864. The woman's death was a heavy blow for Tyutchev. He tried to quench his pain by talking about Denisyeva and writing poetry. It is known that the poet compared Elena to a sea wave. With this fact, literary scholars explain the address to the sea as “you,” which we see in the first line of the analyzed work.

The poem was first published in 1865 in the literary and political newspaper Den. F. Tyutchev was outraged that the editors published the text with their own corrections. The poet once again published the work (a version without editorial changes) on the pages of the Russian Messenger in 1865.

Subject

In the first lines, the man turns to the sea, noting that it is extraordinary at night. The expanses of the sea closer to the shore beckon with their radiance, while the distant waters frighten you with their gloomy, bluish-dark light. It seems to the lyrical hero that the sea is a living creature that can walk and breathe.

In the second stanza, the hero admires the power of the elements. It constantly moves, making rumble and thunder. What makes the man especially happy is that at night there is not a soul near the sea. The thundering and sparkling movement of the sea is watched by the stars. Calm heavenly bodies are the complete opposite of waves. This contrast emphasizes the rebellious nature of free waters.

The last quatrain conveys the internal state of the lyrical hero. He admits that he is fascinated by the waves, he feels among them as if in a dream. Apparently, the hero’s soul is heavy, since he happily agrees to drown her in the sea.

There are many examples of seascape lyricism in literature. The peculiarity of Tyutchev’s poem is the close interweaving of landscape motifs and the experiences of the lyrical hero.

Composition

The poem is not divided into semantic parts, presenting a complete monologue of the lyrical hero, describing the beauty of the sea. Formally, the work consists of four quatrains.

Genre

The genre is elegy, so sad notes are clearly visible in the seascape. There are also elements of a message in the poem: an appeal to the sea. The poetic meter is dactyl trimeter. The lines are united by ABAB cross rhyme.

Means of expression

For transmission internal state Fyodor Ivanovich used the lyrical hero and reproduction of the beauty of the sea artistic media. The text contains metaphors- “it walks and breathes and shines”, “the stars look from above”, “I would drown my entire soul in their charm”; epithets- the sea is “radiant”, “bluish-dark”, “dull radiance”, “desolation of the night”, “sensitive stars”; comparison- the sea, “as if alive.”

Noise sea ​​waves transmitted using alliteration“z”, “s”, “w”, “r”: “in the free space there is shine and movement, roar and thunder.” The emotions of the lyrical hero are emphasized by intonation.

“How good you are, O night sea...” Fyodor Tyutchev

How good you are, O night sea, -
It’s radiant here, grey-dark there...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and shines...

In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder...

How good it is, you are in the solitude of the night!

You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
The waves rush, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.

In this excitement, in this radiance,
All as if in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how willingly I would be in their charm
I would drown my entire soul...

Analysis of Tyutchev’s poem “How good you are, O night sea...”

The first version of the poem “How good are you, O night sea...” appeared on the pages of the literary and political newspaper Den in 1865. After publication, Tyutchev expressed dissatisfaction. According to him, the editors published the text of the work with a number of distortions. This is how the second version of the poem arose, which became the main one. Readers became acquainted with her in the same 1865 thanks to the magazine “Russian Messenger”.

The work is dedicated to the memory of Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva, Tyutchev’s beloved, who died in August 1864 from tuberculosis. The death of the beloved woman, with whom the affair lasted for fourteen years, was extremely difficult for the poet. According to contemporaries, he did not try to hide the severe pain of loss from those around him. Moreover, Fyodor Ivanovich was constantly looking for interlocutors with whom he could talk about Denisyeva. According to some literary scholars, it is the dedication to Elena Alexandrovna that explains the lyrical hero’s address to the sea as “you” in the first quatrain. Known fact— the poet compared his beloved woman to a sea wave.

The poem is divided into two parts. First Tyutchev draws a seascape. The sea in his depiction, like nature in general, appears animated, spiritual. To describe the picture opening before the lyrical hero, personifications are used: the sea walks and breathes, the waves rush, the stars look. The second part of the work is very short. In the last quatrain, the poet talks about the feelings experienced by the lyrical hero. He dreams of merging with nature, completely immersing himself in it. This desire is largely due to Tyutchev’s passion for the ideas of the German thinker Friedrich Schelling (1775-1854). The philosopher affirmed the animation of nature and believed that it has a “world soul.”

Works by Fyodor Ivanovich, dedicated to nature, - in most cases represent a declaration of love for her. It seems to the poet an unspeakable pleasure to have the opportunity to observe its various manifestations. Tyutchev equally enjoys admiring a June night, a May thunderstorm, a snow-covered forest, and so on. He often expresses his attitude towards nature using exclamation sentences expressing delight. This can be seen in the poem in question:
The sea is bathed in a dim glow,
How good you are in the solitude of the night!

How good you are, O night sea, -
It's radiant here, dark gray there...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
№4 It walks and breathes and shines...

In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder...
The sea is bathed in a dim glow,
№8 How good you are in the solitude of the night!

You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
The waves rush, thundering and sparkling,
№12 Sensitive stars look from above.

In this excitement, in this radiance,
All as if in a dream, I stand lost -
Oh, how willingly I would be in their charm
№16 I would drown my entire soul...

How khorosho ty, o more nightnoye, -
Zdes luchezarno, there sizo-dark...
V lunnom sianii, slovno zhivoye,
Khodit, i dyshit, i bleshchet ono...

Na beskonechnom, na volnom prostore
Blesk i dvizheniye, grokhot i grom...
Tusklym sianyem oblitoye more,
Kak khorosho ty v bezlyudye nochnom!

Zyb ty velikaya, zyb ty morskaya,
Chey eto prazdnik tak prazdnuyesh ty?
Volny nesutsya, gremya i sverkaya,
Chutkiye zvezdy glyadyat s vysoty.

V etom volnenii, v etom sianye,
Ves, how vo sne, ya poteryan stoyu -
Oh, how okhotno by v ikh obayanye
Vsyu potopil by ya dushu svoyu...

Rfr and [p] convey rumble and movement, and [s] creates noise. Indeed, you can hear a noise similar to thunder. Sibilants also perform an onomatopoeic function. They are sometimes called “dark” consonants. They correspond to the general color background of the poem, because Tyutchev’s sea is at night. And the assonance [o] is associated with the sea, waves.

The sound organization of the text (according to Zhuravlev’s table) “works” to create the main image of the poem - the sea. The predominance of sounds and, u+yu, s create color scheme seas. I – blue, light blue; u+yu – dark blue, blue-green; s – black.

I come to the conclusion that Tyutchev’s sea is either light blue, blue-green, when it is in the moonlight and in the radiance of the stars, then dark blue when it is “drenched in a dull radiance,” and even black when the waves rush and rage, worried.

To intonationally and logically emphasize the highlighted phenomena, an expressive stylistic figure is used - polyunion. Coordinating conjunctions and are usually repeated. We read from Tyutchev: “Shine and movement, and roar, and thunder”; “and breathes and shines”; "rattle and sparkle." Thus, the union shows a moving, changing element.

And the repetition of the particle would strengthen the desire of the lyrical hero to merge with sea ​​elements.

The 3rd stanza has the character of a direct appeal to the sea. “Against the background of various syntactic means of address, it stands out for its expressive coloring. The emotional sound of an appeal in a poetic text often achieves vivid pictorial power. In addition, when addressing people there are often epithets, and they themselves are tropes - metaphors.” Tyutchev’s appeals are supplemented with the epithets “night sea”, “the sea bathed in a dull radiance”, and the metaphor “you are a great swell, you are a sea swell”. Their expression is emphasized by the interjection “o”.

Inversion “about the night sea” “pushes forward” keywords and enhances the impression of a moving element: “It walks and breathes and shines”

An interrogative sentence with an appeal: “Swell, you are great, you are a swell of the sea, / Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?” sounds like a frank conversation between the lyrical hero and the elements of the sea and is aimed at comprehending the meaning of existence. And the exclamation - “how good you are in the solitude of the night!” strengthens the motive of admiration and desire to be part of it.

Night, according to Tyutchev, is no less good than day; the stars shine brightly at night (“sensitive stars look from above”) and there are often revelations (the entire 4th stanza).

The sensitive soul of the lyrical hero listens to everything that happens on the night sea. The sea enchants, hypnotizes, puts you to sleep.

I was attracted by the form of the verb “sunk” in the second meaning: also meaning to destroy. I come to the conclusion: the lyrical hero is so fascinated by the holiday of the “swell of the sea” that he is ready to destroy himself for the sake of a moment to become a part of this holiday.

“Shine and movement, roar and thunder” are denominative sentences. Verbs in stanza II are not needed; their role is played by nouns. They create a dynamic picture.

Nekrasov noted Tyutchev’s extraordinary ability to “catch” precisely those features by which a given picture can arise in the reader’s imagination and be completed by itself. Ellipses and dashes allow the reader to complete the drawing. The ellipsis hides and complements the state of the lyrical hero, which cannot always be expressed in words. This is excitement, and uncontrollable delight, and bitterness, melancholy from the impossibility of physically merging with the sea element.

Conclusion. Conclusions.

Analyzing the poem, I come to the conclusion: means of expression all levels of language, “work” on the main idea of ​​the poem: admiration for the night sea and the desire to merge with it.

We look at the sea through the eyes of Tyutchev, the lyrical hero is between two abysses and does not just peer into a natural phenomenon, but with all his soul is imbued with the state of the elements, it is internally close and understandable to man, akin to him.

Analysis of language levels helped me to better understand the meaning of Tyutchev’s poem and “see” the picture of the seascape. Tyutchev’s nature is multifaceted, full of sounds and colors.

The human being has always strived and will strive to comprehend the highest truth, and for Tyutchev it consisted precisely in the knowledge of nature, in becoming one harmoniously composed whole-unity with it. Tyutchev, a creator of amazing talent, could not only hear and understand the language of nature, but also reflect its living, rich bright life in your poetically perfect works, put it in a laconic and clear form.

The peculiarity of creating the image of the sea in the analyzed poem is the depiction of nature not from the outside, not as an observer. The poet and his lyrical hero are trying to understand the “soul” of nature, hear its voice, and unite with it.

Tyutchev’s nature is a rational, living being. We learn from Tyutchev to understand it, feelings and associations arise in our souls, born of the poet’s lines.