What antibiotics are sold without prescriptions in Belarus. What medicines for colds can be bought without a prescription

In the treatment of respiratory diseases, targeted drugs are used that affect the cause of the disease. They suppress pathogens. Such therapy is called etiological. In the fight against flu and colds, the main thing is to choose the right medications. Some people, in an effort to recover as soon as possible, begin to drink strong antibiotics for colds at the first symptoms of SARS. Is it correct?

When to Take Antibiotics for Colds and Flu

In most cases, respiratory diseases are caused by viruses that antibacterial drugs do not work against. Therefore, their reception from the first day of the disease is not justified. Therapy of respiratory diseases with antibiotics is justified if, on the 5th-6th day of the course of the flu or a cold, a person feels consistently unwell. As a rule, these are symptoms of a bacterial infection, which provokes the development of purulent tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Signs of flu and cold complications:

• after the onset of acute respiratory viral infections, after improvement for 5-6 days, the body temperature rises sharply;
• general health worsens, fever, cough, shortness of breath appear;
• increased pain in the throat, chest area, ears;
• enlarged lymph nodes.

When treating colds and flu with antibiotics, do not interrupt treatment if you feel better. People who make this mistake then suffer twice as much. In this case, the improvement in a person’s condition does not mean that the disease has passed. A batch of bacteria died under the influence of antibiotics, but another part of them adapts to the drug and begins to attack the weakened body with renewed vigor. This leads to a new round of the disease with subsequent complications.

What antibiotics are better to take for a cold

For the treatment of respiratory diseases, bactericidal drugs are taken to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics in the fight against colds and flu are given the role of heavy artillery when there is a risk of acute complications. Three main groups of antibacterial drugs are used to treat respiratory diseases:

1. penicillin - ampioks, augmentin, amoxapclave;
2. cephalosporins - cefotaxime, cefpirome, cefazolin;
3. macrolides - roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin.

List of effective antibiotics for adults

For colds of bacterial origin, doctors prescribe antibiotics in extreme cases. Prolonged cough, prolonged sore throat, severe fever, consistently high body temperature are alarming signs of the development of an acute illness. In this case, traditional antiviral drugs, immunostimulants, vitamins and medicinal herbs are powerless. For effective therapy, you need to know which antibiotic is best for a cold for an adult:

• amoxicillin;
• arlet;
• flemoklav;
• rovamycin;
• azithromycin;
• chemomycin;
• suprax;
• cefepime;
• erythromycin;
• levofloxacin.

Names of good drugs for children

For the treatment of bacterial diseases at an early age, antibiotics are used in extreme cases. With pneumonia, acute otitis media, purulent tonsillitis, which is the result of a respiratory illness, the use of such drugs is justified. The form of antibiotics is prescribed depending on the age of the child. Babies - drugs in injections, older children - in tablets. Babies do not always get injections, it is allowed to open the ampoule and give the child the medicine to drink in the right dosage. Children's antibiotics for colds:

• ampicillin;
• flemoxin solutab;
• moximac;
• avelox;
• augmentin;
• zinnat;
• macrofoams;
• fromilid uno;
• esparoxy;
• alpha normix.

Often parents mistakenly believe that antibiotic therapy is necessary to successfully treat flu and colds in children. This is a misconception about the effect of antibiotics on the child's body. With viral infections in children, the appointment of these drugs is unreasonable even at high temperatures, which persist for a long time.

Antibiotic treatment of children leads to dysbacteriosis, weakening of the immune system, anemia. It is advisable to carry out antibiotic therapy for babies only in critical situations. For example, when there is aerobic streptococcal angina, acute otitis media, pneumonia, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. The use of antibiotics for the treatment of children with colds and flu without complications is justified when:

• pronounced signs of reduced body resistance - constant subfertile body temperature, frequent colds and viral diseases, HIV, oncology, congenital immunity disorders;
• rickets, malformations of general development, lack of weight;
• the presence in the anamnesis of the child of chronic recurrent otitis media.

Gentle preparations for the treatment of colds in pregnant women

When treating complications of a respiratory disease in a pregnant woman or a nursing mother, the effects of the antibiotic on the development of the fetus are taken into account. For treatment, sparing antibacterial drugs are selected. To choose the right medicine, the doctor identifies the causative agent of the disease, its resistance to various drugs. If it is impossible to conduct such a study, sparing antibiotics for pregnant women are prescribed:

• ampicillin;
• oxacillin;
• cefazolin;
• erythromycin;
• azithromycin;
• bioparox;
• minocycline;
• oxamp;
• ericcycline;
• ristomycin.

For the treatment of flu and colds in pregnant and lactating mothers, in order to avoid the occurrence of dysbacteriosis, it is advisable to take drugs in the form of injections. To avoid allergic reactions, the use of antibiotic therapy is combined with antihistamines. Chocolate, citrus fruits, coffee are excluded from the diet of pregnant and lactating women.

List of broad-spectrum antibiotics

In bacterial therapy for the treatment of complications of influenza and colds, drugs are prescribed aimed at suppressing groups of pathogens. These drugs are called broad-spectrum antibiotics. They help to cure the complications of influenza and acute respiratory infections. Cheap pills are as effective as expensive ones. These types of drugs are sold in pharmacies without a prescription. Before taking, read the instructions and read reviews about antibiotics. A good drug has few side effects. Broad spectrum antibiotics:

• amosin;
• becampicillin;
• ospamox;
• ecoball;
• inforo;
• kefselim;
• flamifix;
• cefodox;
• klacid;
• oletherin.

sovets.net

What antibiotics for colds are effective for adults, children: list and names

Antibiotics for a cold are prescribed by a doctor when the human body cannot cope with the infection on its own.

Usually, dangerous signals of an attack by harmful bacteria are an increase in body temperature to more than 38 ° C, as well as a runny nose, redness of the throat and other symptoms that often accompany a cold: inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes, sore throat, shortness of breath, dry cough, headache, etc. . Antibacterial drugs will help to cope with bacteria, but only a medical specialist should prescribe them, since uncontrolled self-medication with antibiotics can adversely affect human health.

Treating a cold with antibiotics

Antibiotics for colds are necessary as a last resort, when the immune system cannot cope with pathogens that attacked the human body. Many of us, at the very first symptoms of a cold, are wondering which antibiotic to take, perceiving it as a miracle cure for all diseases. However, this is a profound misconception, since it is shown to use antiviral drugs for the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory diseases, and only when the patient's condition has worsened and a bacterial infection has "connected" will a properly selected antibiotic help. Thus, it is unacceptable to drink an antibiotic at the first sign of a cold!

Treatment of a cold with antibiotics should be rational, and this requires the consultation of an experienced doctor who will determine the severity of the patient's condition and prescribe the antibacterial drug that will be most effective in a particular case.

The common cold (ARVI) can be considered a rather insidious disease that manifests itself regardless of age, human health, and weather conditions. Acute respiratory disease is one of the most common diseases worldwide and lasts an average of a week without complications. Adults usually get colds an average of two to three times a year. To date, doctors have more than two hundred viruses that cause inflammation of the respiratory system. It should be noted that the common cold is a contagious disease - it can be transmitted by airborne droplets and often affects the bronchi, trachea, and lungs. A viral infection lives longer in mucus than in air or a dry place. In order to start treatment on time, it is necessary to objectively assess the patient's condition. The main symptoms of a cold are:

• inflammation of the lymph nodes, which manifests itself in the form of seals on the back of the head, neck, behind the ears, under the lower jaw, when pressed, the patient experiences pain;
• profuse discharge of mucus from the nose (runny nose), nasal congestion, as well as unusual dryness of its mucosa;
• sore throat, dry cough, hoarse voice;
• eye redness and watery eyes;
• an increase in body temperature from 37 to 38.5 ° C;
• indigestion, nausea and vomiting (if the body is affected by rotavirus).

A cold is never asymptomatic, so at the first sign of its development, you should consult a doctor in order to prevent possible complications in time.

For the treatment of a neglected cold, an accurate diagnosis is needed, which will allow you to choose the optimal medicine, i.e. antibiotic. Each group of antibacterial drugs is designed to treat a specific type of bacteria, so the antibiotic is prescribed depending on the lesions. For example, in case of inflammation of the respiratory tract, it is necessary to choose a drug that effectively fights bacteria that cause inflammation in the respiratory organs: for example, Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin (i.e. antibiotics of the penicillin group). In various respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, it must be taken into account that they are caused by bacteria, most of which are very resistant to penicillin. For this reason, it is best to use Levofloxacin or Avelox to treat this disease. Antibiotics of the cephalosporin group (Supraks, Zinnat, Zinacef) will help cure bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia, and macrolides (Sumamed, Hemomycin) will cope with atypical pneumonia caused by chlamydia and mycoplasmas.

Treatment of a cold with antibiotics should depend on which category the disease belongs to. With ARVI, first of all, it is necessary to use antiviral drugs, because. they purposefully affect the immune system, strengthening it and helping to cope with a viral attack. It is pointless to use antibiotics with such a diagnosis, and this is contraindicated by doctors. The earlier the treatment of ARVI with an effective antiviral drug began, the more likely it is to finish it faster. However, if a cold is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics should not be neglected. At the same time, it is very important to pay attention to the state of your own body in time and find out the exact cause of the onset of a cold in order to choose the most optimal antibacterial drug. After all, antibiotics should be taken very seriously, because. they can not only help, but also harm in case of the wrong choice. So, you should clearly set the boundaries that determine in which cases you can prescribe antibiotics, and in which - you can’t. In our time, indications for antibiotic therapy are:

• purulent tonsillitis (tonsillitis);
• laryngotracheitis;
• purulent otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear);
• purulent sinusitis (purulent sinusitis or sinusitis);
• purulent lymphadenitis;
• pneumonia, pneumonia.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with a cold

Antibiotics for colds, as effective drugs that inhibit the growth of pathogens, occur only in cases of complications caused by the development of a bacterial infection in the body. Their use allows you to suppress the growth of not only pathogenic bacteria, but also some fungi, thereby making life easier for a patient with a cold. You should be aware of the dangers of self-medication with antibacterial agents, especially when it comes to children and pregnant women. In such cases, antibiotics should be taken as responsibly as possible, following only the recommendations and competent prescriptions of an experienced doctor.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds should be selected based on their effect on the fetus and only in those extreme cases that really require the use of these drugs. To choose the most suitable antibiotic for the treatment of a pregnant woman, you must first determine the causative agent of the disease, as well as identify its sensitivity to one or another drug. If such a study is not possible, broad-spectrum antibiotics are usually prescribed. The most harmless to the body of the mother and child are penicillin antibiotics (for example, Ampicillin, Oxacillin, etc.), as well as cephalosporins (for example, Cefazolin) and some macrolides (Erythromycin and Azithromycin can be distinguished from them). It is these drugs that doctors prefer when prescribing treatment for pregnant women.

The dosage of the antibiotic for a pregnant woman is determined by the doctor, usually it does not differ from the dosage of the drug for the rest. The expectant mother should carefully follow the doctor's recommendations and in no case reduce the dose of the medicine, because. this can provoke the opposite effect: in such a situation, the antibiotic will not have such an effective action aimed at destroying microbes, and will not be able to fully suppress the bacterial infection.

Be sure to take into account the fact that antibiotics are most effective only in the treatment of infectious diseases of bacterial origin. In other cases, they are not able to have the desired effect and can even harm the body. For example, antibacterial drugs will be powerless when:

• SARS and influenza (in this case, the diseases are caused by viruses, for the destruction of which it is necessary to use antiviral drugs);
• inflammatory processes (antibiotics are not anti-inflammatory drugs);
• elevated temperature (do not confuse the action of antibiotics with the action of antipyretic and analgesic drugs);
• cough in pregnant women in cases where it is caused by a viral infection, an allergic reaction, the development of bronchial asthma, but not by the action of microorganisms;
• intestinal disorders.

If we consider the issue of the effect of antibiotics on the fetus, then, based on the results of numerous medical studies, we can conclude that these drugs do not provoke the development of any congenital malformations in a child and do not affect its genetic apparatus. But at the same time, some groups of antibacterial drugs have the so-called. embryotoxic effect, i.e. can lead to impaired fetal kidney function, tooth formation, affect the auditory nerve, and also cause a number of other adverse abnormalities.

Antibiotics for pregnant women with colds have the most adverse effect on the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, so if possible, treatment is recommended to be postponed to the second trimester. However, if there is an urgent need for such treatment, the doctor should prescribe antibiotics with the least degree of toxicity to the expectant mother, and also strictly monitor the condition of the pregnant woman.

What antibiotics to drink for a cold?

Antibiotics for colds should be used on the advice of a doctor in cases where the patient's condition indicates the development of complications, such as tonsillitis, purulent sinusitis, pneumonia. However, first of all, with a cold, you need to use proven folk remedies and drink antiviral drugs, the action of which is aimed at destroying a viral infection. You should not resort to antibiotics if the cause of the disease is not established. It is necessary to weigh all the pros and cons of taking antibacterial drugs, taking into account their side effects and possible complications.

What antibiotics to drink for a cold, only a doctor knows who will determine the degree and type of complications caused by a cold, and then prescribe an antibiotic of the appropriate group:

• Penicillins (Augmentin, Ampicillin, etc.) have a pronounced bactericidal effect and are effective in the treatment of bacterial infections and severe forms of ENT diseases (tonsillitis, purulent otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, etc.). The action of these antibacterial drugs is aimed at destroying the walls of bacteria, which causes their death. A positive feature of penicillins is their low level of toxicity, so they are widely used in pediatrics.
• Cephalosporins have an active bactericidal effect aimed at destroying the bacterial cell membrane. Typically, antibiotics of this group are prescribed for the treatment of pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia and are administered by injection (intravenously or intramuscularly), only Cephalexins are taken orally. They cause fewer allergic reactions than penicillins, but in rare cases, there are still manifestations of allergies, as well as impaired kidney function.
• Macrolides (azalides and ketolides) have an active bacteriostatic effect and are effective in the treatment of atypical pneumonia. The first macrolide was Erythromycin, which was used by patients with an allergic reaction to penicillins.
• Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, etc.) are used to destroy gram-negative bacteria (mycoplasma, pneumococcus, chlamydia, E. coli). Quickly penetrating inside the cell, they infect the microbes that are there. To date, they are the most non-toxic antibacterial drugs that do not cause allergies and are safe to use.

To find out which antibiotics to drink for a cold in a particular case, you should consult with a medical specialist. For example, in our time, the drug Flemoxin Solutab containing amoxicillin is often prescribed for the treatment of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. With bronchitis, pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis and otitis media, pneumonia and a number of other infectious and inflammatory diseases, the drug Suprax can be prescribed, which should be taken in accordance with the doctor's recommendations, because. in the case of uncontrolled treatment of a cold with this drug, adverse reactions may occur in the form of a violation of the intestinal microflora. This can lead to severe diarrhea or pseudomembranous colitis. An effective antimicrobial drug is Levomycetin, which is used for infectious diseases. The dosage of the drug and the duration of treatment, as in other cases, must be strictly established by the attending physician.

Good antibiotic for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used if after taking antiviral drugs in the first days of the disease there was no improvement, and especially when the patient's condition worsened: this means that, in addition to viruses, the body was also attacked by bacteria. Such drugs are good "helpers" in ridding the human body of toxins and all kinds of pathogenic microbes, however, the choice of antibiotic in one case or another remains with the doctor, because. should correspond to the indications and course of a particular disease. The fact is that an insufficiently strong antibacterial drug may not fully cope with the complications caused by a cold or flu, and a “powerful” antibiotic can harm the body’s immune system.

The beginning of the use of antibiotics in medical practice dates back to 1928 and is associated with the name of the Englishman Fleming. It was he who discovered the substance "penicillin", which can lead to the death of many microbes and bacteria, and thereby made a real revolution in medicine, because. since then, many previously fatal diseases have become curable: scarlet fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis, pneumonia, etc. During World War II, thanks to antibiotics, doctors managed to save the lives of millions of wounded people. To this day, these faithful "helpers" help doctors fight for the health of many patients.

A good antibiotic for a cold is one that is selected according to the type and course of the disease. Antibiotic treatment should be carried out carefully, after consulting with a doctor who will choose the best drug from the four main classes of antibiotics with different effects, which have proven to be effective in the treatment of various complications caused by bacterial infections. These classes include: penicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, Augmentin, etc.); macrolides (Azithromycin, etc.): fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, etc.); cephalosporins (Cefixime, Cefuroxime, Suprax, etc.).

Before you start taking any medications, it is advisable to try to cope with a mild cold using the methods and recipes of traditional medicine. For example, make inhalations, foot baths, put a compress or mustard plasters. It is necessary to increase the amount of fluid consumed, as well as to expand the diet with natural vitamins, i.e. fresh fruits and vegetables. At the first sign of deterioration in the condition of a cold, you should immediately go to the hospital to prevent the development of complications. In the case when a bacterial infection has attacked the body, there is an urgent need to "connect" the antibiotic, because. in this situation, we are literally talking about saving the life of the patient. The patient must understand that only the attending physician can prescribe an antibacterial drug, and at the same time it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage indicated by him, as well as the intervals of administration. Self-medication can lead to the exposure of human health to significant danger.

Antibiotics for colds can have a number of negative consequences, especially when they are not chosen correctly during self-medication. Among these side effects, allergies, gastrointestinal disorders, dysbacteriosis, and depression of the immune system are most common.

It should also be remembered that it is not recommended to take an antibiotic for more than 5 days in a row, however, a decrease in the period of antibiotic treatment can lead to the fact that the infection will not be eliminated from the body, and this, in turn, will cause complications in the form malfunctions of the heart and kidneys. If after three days the patient did not feel relief from his condition, it is necessary to ask the doctor to change the drug to another, more effective one. You should also be careful about combining other drugs with antibiotics - in such cases, you should follow the doctor's recommendations. In no case should you take an antibiotic whose expiration date has expired!

A good antibiotic for a cold will certainly give positive results within three days: the patient will feel better, he will have an appetite, and unpleasant symptoms will disappear.

When treating with antibiotics, it is important to take care of reducing their negative effects on the body. To this end, the doctor should prescribe probiotics to the patient - drugs that normalize the intestinal microflora and thereby prevent the development of dysbacteriosis, strengthen the immune system, and have a beneficial effect on the functioning of internal organs, reducing the possibility of side effects and complications.

Antibiotics for colds for children

Antibiotics for colds should be given with extreme caution to children. Such treatment should be prescribed by the attending physician, who should be consulted immediately after the first signs of the disease - the appearance of a runny nose, cough, and fever in the child. Usually, a temperature above 38.5 ° C indicates that the child's immunity is trying to get rid of the virus on its own, in which case the doctor prescribes antipyretics. If, after 3-5 days, the baby's health does not improve, and the temperature is still high, it is recommended to start taking the appropriate antibiotic, but only strictly as directed by the pediatrician and upon confirmation of the bacterial nature of the disease.

Antibiotics for colds for children are a serious test for a growing body, so they should not be used immediately after the onset of symptoms of the disease. If parents believe that taking a “powerful” antibiotic is the only effective method for treating acute respiratory viral infections or acute respiratory infections, this is a deep delusion! The effect of antibacterial agents on a child's body for no particular reason can be very negative, and sometimes even destructive. Not to mention the use of antibiotics for the treatment of infants, which in itself is blasphemous. Colds should be treated with antiviral drugs, the effect of which usually does not appear immediately, but after 3-5 days. At the same time, the febrile process in children, which is most often caused by viral-type respiratory tract infections, can vary between 3-7 days, and sometimes even more. Do not mistakenly believe that antibiotics are an alternative to antitussive drugs, because. coughing with a cold is a protective reaction of the child's body, which usually disappears last, after the disappearance of other symptoms of the disease. The issue of prescribing antibiotic treatment for a child is decided by an experienced pediatrician who will assess the condition of the baby and, only in case of emergency, choose the optimal drug. Parents should carefully follow all the doctor's recommendations, including regarding the method of taking and dosage of the antibacterial drug. It is also important not to stop the treatment of the child before the due date.

Some antibiotics for colds for children are strictly prohibited. First of all, these are medicines of the so-called. tetracycline group (Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline, etc.), which can disrupt the process of formation of tooth enamel in a baby, as well as antibacterial drugs of fluorinated quinolones, which have the ending “-floxacin” in their names (for example, Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin), which negatively affect the formation of articular cartilage in a child. In pediatrics, Levomycetin is also not allowed, the action of which is aimed at the development of aplastic anemia (the process of oppression of hematopoiesis) and can lead to death.

Among the antibacterial drugs used in pediatrics, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Levofloxacin, Flemoxin Solutab, Moksimak, Zinnat, Avelox, Amoxiclav, etc. can be noted. The choice of this or that drug depends entirely on the experience and professionalism of the pediatrician, who must determine which antibiotic will be the best assistant and will benefit in the treatment of complications after a cold in each case.

So, antibiotics for colds should be used to treat children only in cases of urgent need. This will not lead to the desired recovery, but will only aggravate the situation, because. the action of an antibacterial drug can become destructive to the baby's immunity, which will increase the risk of a return of the infection.

Names of antibiotics for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be chosen especially carefully, without resorting to self-medication, but after consulting a doctor who will determine the degree of complications and prescribe the most effective remedy. In addition, when taking antibiotics, you should follow these recommendations:

• in the treatment should be used only one, the most effective drug from a certain group;
• if after the first dose of the antibiotic after two days the patient's condition has not improved, and the temperature has not decreased, there may be a need to change the drug;
• it is impossible to combine taking an antibiotic with antipyretic drugs, since they "lubricate" its action;
• the period of antibiotic treatment should be at least 5 days, or even more. It is this duration of treatment that allows the drug to fully cope with the causative agent of the infection;
• in severe colds and complications of the disease, the patient should be immediately hospitalized, and antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the supervision of the attending physician.

It is useful for everyone to know the names of antibiotics for colds (at least a few of them), because, in this way, a person will have at least some idea of ​​the drug that the doctor will prescribe. Antibiotics are traditionally divided into several classes:

• penicillins,
• macrolides,
• fluoroquinolones,
• cephalosporins.

The penicillin class includes such names of antibiotics as Ampicillin, Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Amoxiclav, etc.

The most common names for the class of macrolides are Erythromycin, Azithromycin, etc. (such drugs are considered the most powerful in the treatment of a bacterial infection). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics include Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin, and cephalosporins include Axetil, Cefixime (Supraks), Cefuroxime axetil, and others.

The main goal in the treatment of various infectious complications caused by a cold is to provide the body with effective assistance aimed at getting rid of pathogenic microbes and toxic substances as quickly as possible. In order for the treatment to give a quick positive result, it is necessary to make the right choice of antibiotic, and only an experienced doctor can do this.

It should be remembered that antibiotics for colds are not as harmless as they might seem, they can cause a number of side effects, especially if they are used in the wrong cases. For example, many do not understand or simply do not know that only an antiviral drug can cope with a viral infection of the respiratory tract, and they begin to use antibiotics immediately when cold symptoms occur, such as a runny nose, cough, and fever. This is a big misconception, because. Improper use of antibiotics can cause great harm to an already weakened human immune system. Such drugs are needed only to treat bacterial infections, the development of which can be caused by complications of the common cold. Usually, antibiotics are prescribed if, 4-5 days after the onset of the disease, the patient's condition does not improve or, conversely, it becomes worse.

Amoxiclav for colds

Antibiotics for colds should be used purposefully, depending on the patient's condition and the characteristics of the course of the disease. Among the common drugs used in modern medicine, a separate place is occupied by the effective antibacterial drug Amoxiclav. It has established itself as a reliable remedy for the treatment of various complications caused by colds and other adverse factors, in particular, such as the occurrence of infections after surgical operations.

Amoxiclav for colds is successfully used in modern medicine for the treatment of so-called. "mixed" infections, as well as to prevent possible infection of the patient during surgery. The mixed type of infection is most often caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as anaerobes (including strains), manifesting itself in the form of chronic forms of otitis, sinusitis and osteomyelitis, cholecystitis, odontogenic infections, aspiration pneumonia, various infections of the abdominal cavity, etc.

Amoxiclav is a combination of two substances: aminopenicillin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, which has a pronounced bactericidal effect. A detailed medical study of the microbiological properties of this drug gives reason to assert that Amoxiclav, due to the combination of the above active substances, has a depressing effect on the synthesis of bacterial walls and has a stable antibacterial effect on a whole host of pathogens: Neisseria spp., Streptococcus spp. (various groups), Staphylococcus spp., Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Helicobacter pylori, Moraxella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter spp., Haemophilus influenzae and many others. others

The pharmacokinetic properties of Amoxiclav indicate its pronounced advantages over other penicillins. So, after taking the drug, there is a rapid absorption of components from the gastrointestinal tract, regardless of food intake. The maximum level of drug concentration is reached approximately 45 minutes after ingestion. The main route of excretion of the drug from the body is its excretion along with urine, feces, and exhaled air.

Amoxiclav for colds, due to its pronounced antimicrobial activity and unique pharmacokinetic properties, is used to treat a number of infectious diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes:

• infections of the respiratory system (in particular, acute and chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, pharyngeal abscess, pneumonia, etc.);
• otitis (both acute and chronic forms);
• infections of the skin, joints, soft tissues and bones;
• infections of the genitourinary system;
• various kinds of gynecological infections.

As for the side effects that occur when taking Amoxiclav, in general, the drug is tolerated by patients normally, without any negative reactions from the body. In percentage terms, only 8-14% of the total number of patients had side effects in the form of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting). To avoid such side effects, it is recommended to reduce the dosage of the drug and take it with meals.

Antibiotics for colds are invaluable when there is an urgent need to resist the development of pathogenic microbes and bacterial infections. However, summing up, it should be noted again that the use of antibiotics should be agreed with a competent medical specialist. This is the only way to achieve high results in the treatment of post-cold complications and minimize the risk of negative effects of antibacterial agents on human immunity.

ilive.com.ua

Are flu and cold shots really necessary?

Many people think that flu and cold shots are an effective remedy. Modern medicine casts doubt on such a statement and recommends that these manipulations be carried out only in especially severe cases. Otherwise, you can successfully get by with the use of tablets and syrups.

Colds and flu are the most common illnesses. There is no person in the world who would not feel their symptoms on himself. One has only to remember the cold period of the year, which is invariably accompanied by influenza epidemics. People, having caught a cold, do not have the habit of immediately seeking specialized help, they try to treat themselves. But there are those who strive for a speedy recovery, so they turn their attention to antibiotics. And, often, it is in the form of injections.

A little about diseases

A cold, or acute respiratory illness (ARI), never occurs just like that. In most cases, the cause is various viruses that are activated after hypothermia of the body. They reduce immunity, and their waste products are toxic to the human body.

A cold is usually mild and goes away in a few days. She is not characterized by a strong fever. Only occasionally there is a slight increase in temperature. Companions of a cold - cough and runny nose, sore throat.

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by a virus that leads to general intoxication of the body and possible dangerous complications. The flu virus very easily "travels" from a sick person to a healthy one. Influenza is transmitted by airborne droplets or by household means.

The virus infects the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. These toxins and products of epithelial-cellular decay are very toxic to the body. Influenza is accompanied by high fever, aching muscles and joints, headache and weakness.

The main cause of colds and flu is a weakened immune system. Influenza can provoke complications such as pneumonia, acute bronchitis, asthma and others.

Can antibiotics be used?

The flu and the common cold are viral diseases. Therefore, the fight is conducted directly with the pathogen - the virus. In medicine, there is a statement that antibiotics have no effect on viruses. Their target is bacteria. Therefore, their use in anti-cold or anti-influenza treatment is impractical. Antibiotics should be used only if the patient's condition does not improve or even worsens within a week.

Doctors usually prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. Among them:

1. Penicillin, which are represented by Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Ampiox.
2. Cephalosporins: Cefazolin and Ceftriaxone.
3. Macrolides: Azithromycin, Clarithromycin and Roxithromycin.

They can be both in the form of tablets and in the form of injections.

It is important to note that after normalization of the condition, it is impossible to immediately stop taking the prescribed antibiotic. This is due to the fact that the complete destruction of bacteria may not yet have occurred and some of them may have survived. They quickly develop protective immunity against this antibiotic, and the next time the medicine will be useless in the fight against them.

As an example, consider the broad-spectrum antibiotic Cefazolin. It, unlike other drugs, retains its effect for longer than 8 hours, and is excreted from the body through the kidneys. "Cefazolin" has high efficiency and is characterized by low toxicity. The drug is administered intramuscularly with novocaine (with the exception of minor children and elderly people) or intravenously - with saline. It is important not to confuse!

Choice of course of treatment

The fight against the disease includes several important steps:

1. Etiological - the effect on the cause of the disease.
2. Symptomatic - the fight against the symptoms of the disease (temperature above 38 degrees, cough, runny nose).
3. Strengthening - increasing the body's defenses.

These stages should be carried out exclusively in the complex.

Antiviral agents are based on interferon, a specific protein that is produced by the human body in order to fight viruses. These drugs may contain ready-made interferon (Anaferon, Laferon and others) or stimulate its production directly by the body (Amizon, Kagocel). In severe cases, intravenous immunoglobulins are prescribed to bind viruses and toxins.

There are two groups of anti-influenza drugs. The first is represented by "Amantadine", "Rimantadine" and their analogues, the second - by "Zanamivir" and "Oseltamivir".

"Influenza-Heel" is an antiviral immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory drug, which is available as a 1.1 ml injection solution. It is prescribed for influenza and SARS with high fever and for prevention. This drug has no side effects and contraindications. It should be prescribed at the very beginning of the disease, and after normalization, take a few more days.

Paracetamol and Ibufen have an antipyretic effect. "Cycloferon" is an antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory drug with a wide range of biological activity. Produced in the form of ampoules of 2 ml. The main active ingredient is acridonacetic acid (125 mg in 1 ampoule). The drug is effective for influenza and acute respiratory infections. It is prescribed to patients older than 4 years. Sometimes it can be prescribed along with antibiotics and vitamins.

"Traumeel S" is prescribed in combination with any inflammation, including those caused by the flu and colds. The drug is available in the form of ampoules and tablets. But in ampoules "Traumeel S" has a slightly better effect. It can be effectively combined with "Lymphomyosot" intravenously, but it can also be intramuscularly. A combination is known when “Lymphomyosot” together with “Echinacea compositum” is slowly administered intravenously. One such injection may be enough.

Vitamins are best taken in the form of pills and fruits, but in some cases, for better absorption of other drugs, vitamins are prescribed in the form of injections (Vitaxon, Neurorubin and others). In any case, flu and colds, if they occur without significant complications, are best treated without using injections.

Making our own injections

To do this is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. First you need to draw the medicine into the syringe and release excess air through the needle until an even stream goes out, and there are no more air bubbles in the medicine. Important! Before taking the medicine, you need to warm it up in your hand for several minutes. After that, it is worth wiping the future injection site with alcohol.

Intramuscular injections are traditionally made in the upper outer quarter of the buttock, while driving the needle deep into a little more than half. This must be done sharply and clearly. Then slowly and smoothly, with a non-shaking hand, introduce the contents. With a quick movement, pull out the syringe and apply cotton wool.

Before giving an injection, it is better to practice on an inanimate object, but in extreme situations it may not be up to that.

Disease prevention

Everyone knows that it is best not to get sick, but to carry out the prevention of certain diseases in time. Prevention should be devoted to strengthening the immune system, increasing the body's defenses. It may include the following items:

1. Taking vitamins (in dosage form and in the form of fruits and vegetables).
2. A must-have after a hard day.
3. Good healthy sleep.
4. Morning work-out.
5. Fresh air.
6. Gradual hardening of the body: a contrast shower, dousing with cold water. The main thing is to remember that this should be done gradually.

Vaccinations can be used to prevent influenza during epidemics. It can be “Grippol”, “Agrippal”, “Vaxigripp”, “Begrivak” and others. Influenza shots are based on different strains, so it's a good idea to vaccinate with different drugs every year. This will allow you to more reliably protect the body.

respiratoria.ru

Antibiotics for colds: indications and features of use

The term "cold" refers to a whole group of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, which can be characterized by both viral and bacterial nature of origin. As a rule, all diseases have similar symptoms, which in most cases are relatively easy to treat. But at the same time, situations are not ruled out in which complications of a cold develop, which cannot be eliminated without antibacterial drugs. Almost all people take antibiotics for colds with fear, since they can also cause side effects.

In order for the treatment to bring only benefit to the sick organism, eliminating the accompanying symptoms, it is important to choose and apply the medicinal antibacterial drug correctly.

When do you need antibiotics for a cold?

If during the treatment of colds on the 5th day after the start of taking medications, the patient's condition did not improve, it is worth considering that a bacterial infection may have joined the cold. It is in such situations that the use of antibiotics becomes mandatory. Such therapeutic actions in ARVI and the common cold are very important, since their course can often be complicated by the development of other diseases, such as bronchitis, tonsillitis, and pneumonia.

Also indications for the use of antibiotics are diseases such as purulent tonsillitis, otitis media, purulent sinusitis - sinusitis and frontal sinusitis, pneumonia, inflammation of the lymph nodes with the formation of pus, laryngotracheitis.

Choosing antibiotics for colds should be especially careful, in addition, they must be taken according to the following recommendations:

1. It is advisable to take the drugs inside. If the drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously, an infection can be introduced into the blood. In addition, such procedures are very traumatic for the child.
2. It is necessary to adhere to monotherapy, using one antibiotic from the selected group of drugs.
3. You should take only the drug that is effective. If the patient's condition does not improve and the body temperature does not decrease during its use within 48 hours, it may be necessary to change the antibiotic.
4. It is forbidden to use antipyretic drugs in parallel, as they hide the effect of the antibiotic.
5. The duration of treatment should be at least 5 days, and if necessary, more. During this period, the activity of the pathogen will be suppressed. Also, experts recommend not to interrupt therapy even after the expected effect, continuing treatment for another 2 days.
6. In severe colds and the occurrence of its complications, the patient should be hospitalized, and the use of antibiotic therapy should be carried out under the guidance and supervision of a specialist.

How to choose a drug?

Many patients often face a problem caused by the fact that they do not know which antibiotics to drink for a cold. It is important to know that all existing antibiotics are divided into groups, each of which is designed to treat certain bacteria. That is why it is so important to make an accurate diagnosis and then choose the right drug.

Types of cold medicines

All antibiotics used for colds are divided into the following groups:

1. Penicillins.
2. Cephalosporins.
3. Macrolides.
4. Fluoroquinolones.

Penicillins by their nature can be natural - benzylpenicillin, or synthetic - oxacillin, ampicillin. Such drugs are effective in combating bacteria, destroying their walls, which inevitably leads to the death of the pathogenic microorganism. Almost never during the treatment with drugs of this group there are no side effects in the form of allergies or fever. The main feature of penicillins is their low toxicity, due to which they can be used in high dosages, and treatment is often carried out for quite a long time. Because of this advantage, very often such antibiotics for colds for children are used in pediatrics.

Cephalosporins are a group of antibacterial drugs with high activity. When they penetrate into the focus of infection, the bacterial membrane is destroyed. These funds are used only intramuscularly or intravenously, are not taken orally with the exception of cephalexin. Occasionally, minor allergic reactions and impaired renal function may occur.

Macrolides used to be widely used in the treatment of those patients who had an allergy to penicillin. Such drugs are non-toxic and do not cause allergies.

Fluoroquinolones are highly active against Gram-negative bacteria. In a short time penetrate into the cell and affect intracellular microbes. These are one of the safest and non-toxic antibiotics, in the treatment of which there is not even a violation of the activity of the gastrointestinal tract.

Respiratory treatment

Respiratory tract diseases include tracheitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, pneumonia. All of them in most cases are united by two common symptoms - fever and cough. As soon as they occur, you should immediately consult a doctor for the appointment of the correct treatment. Such actions will avoid many complications.

Among the drugs that are effective in combating bacteria that affect the respiratory tract, it is worth highlighting Amoxiclav, Amoxicillin, Augmentin. All of these antibiotics for colds belong to the penicillin group. Some bacteria that cause respiratory illness may be resistant to penicillin. In such cases, Avelox, Levofloxacin - trifluoroquinolone and fluoroquinolone are prescribed.

Cephalosporins are effective in diseases such as pneumonia, pleurisy and bronchitis. For these purposes, Cinacef, Zinnat, Suprax are widely used. Atypical pneumonia, the causative agents of which are mycoplasmas and chlamydia, can be cured with Chemocin and Sumamed. Each of these drugs is the most powerful antibiotic for colds.

Treatment of ENT diseases

The most common diseases of the upper respiratory tract are sinusitis, otitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis. They can be caused by streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus. In the treatment of such diseases, the following agents are prescribed:

1. Augmentin, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin- used for angina, frontal sinusitis, pharyngitis.
2. Azithromycin, Clarithromycin- the most effective antibiotics for colds, namely for sinusitis, pharyngitis, otitis media.
3. ceftriaxone, cefatoxime- are used in cases where treatment with other antibacterial drugs has not brought improvements.
4. Morsifloxacin, Lefofloxacin- are used to eliminate inflammatory processes in the ENT organs.

Consequences of taking antibiotics

With the wrong appointment or treatment with antibacterial drugs, many unpleasant consequences can occur. The most commonly observed side effects are:

1. Dysbacteriosis. On the mucous membranes and skin of the human body, there are always bacteria that perform protective functions. When pathogens multiply, beneficial bacteria do not survive. In this case, the imbalance is disturbed, which is usually manifested by candidiasis and diarrhea.
2. Resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. With improper treatment, more resistant bacteria are selected, which multiply rapidly in the body.
3. allergic manifestations. Patients may develop an allergy to some drugs, which is not always easy to get rid of.

Antibiotics for colds should be prescribed exclusively by the attending physician on the basis of an examination of the patient, anamnesis and other studies. Antibacterial agents should never be used by patients without
appointment of a specialist.

NasmorkuNet.ru

Antibiotics are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells or lead to their death. May be of natural or semi-synthetic origin. They are used to treat infectious diseases caused by the growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms.

Universal

Broad spectrum antibiotics - list:

1. Penicillins.
2. Tetracyclines.
3. Erythromycin.
4. Quinolones.
5. Metronidazole.
6. Vancomycin.
7. Imipenem.
8. Aminoglycoside.
9. Levomycetin (chloramphenicol).
10. Neomycin.
11. Monomycin.
12. Rifamcin.
13. Cephalosporins.
14. Kanamycin.
15. Streptomycin.
16. Ampicillin.
17. Azithromycin.

These drugs are used in cases where it is impossible to accurately determine the causative agent of the infection. Their advantage is in a large list of microorganisms sensitive to the active substance. But there is a drawback: in addition to pathogenic bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotics contribute to the suppression of immunity and disruption of the normal intestinal microflora.

List of strong antibiotics of the new generation with a wide spectrum of action:

1. Cefaclor.
2. Cefamandol.
3. Unidox Solutab.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Rulid.
6. Amoxiclav.
7. Cephroxitin.
8. Lincomycin.
9. Cefoperazone.
10. Ceftazidime.
11. Cefotaxime.
12. Latamoxef.
13. Cefixime.
14. Cefpodoxime.
15. Spiramycin.
16. Rovamycin.
17. Clarithromycin.
18. Roxithromycin.
19. Klacid.
20. Sumamed.
21. Fusidin.
22. Avelox.
23. Moxifloxacin.
24. Ciprofloxacin.

Antibiotics of the new generation are notable for a deeper degree of purification of the active substance. Due to this, the drugs have much less toxicity compared to earlier analogues and cause less harm to the body as a whole.

Focused Bronchitis

The list of antibiotics for coughs and bronchitis usually does not differ from the list of broad-spectrum drugs. This is explained by the fact that the analysis of sputum discharge takes about seven days, and until the causative agent of the infection is accurately identified, a remedy with the maximum number of bacteria sensitive to it is needed.

In addition, recent studies show that in many cases the use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis is not justified. The fact is that the appointment of such drugs is effective if the nature of the disease is bacterial. In the case when the cause of bronchitis is a virus, antibiotics will not have any positive effect.

Commonly used antibiotic drugs for inflammatory processes in the bronchi:

1. Ampicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Azithromycin.
4. Cefuroxime.
5. Ceflocor.
6. Rovamycin.
7. Cefodox.
8. Lendatsin.
9. Ceftriaxone.
10. Macrofoam.

List of antibiotics for angina:

1. Penicillin.
2. Amoxicillin.
3. Amoxiclav.
4. Augmentin.
5. Ampiox.
6. Phenoxymethylpenicillin.
7. Oxacillin.
8. Cephradine.
9. Cephalexin.
10. Erythromycin.
11. Spiramycin.
12. Clarithromycin.
13. Azithromycin.
14. Roxithromycin.
15. Josamycin.
16. Tetracycline.
17. Doxycycline.
18. Lidaprim.
19. Biseptol.
20. Bioparox.
21. Ingalipt.
22. Grammidin.

These antibiotics are effective against sore throats caused by bacteria, most often beta-hemolytic streptococci. As for the disease, the causative agents of which are fungal microorganisms, the list is as follows:

1. Nystatin.
2. Levorin.
3. Ketoconazole.

Antibiotics for the common cold are not included in the list of necessary drugs, given the rather high toxicity of antibiotics and possible side effects. Recommended treatment with antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as restorative agents. In any case, it is necessary to consult a therapist.

Sinusitis

List of antibiotics for sinusitis - in tablets and for injections:

1. Zitrolide.
2. Macrofoam.
3. Ampicillin.
4. Amoxicillin.
5. Flemoxin Solutab.
6. Augmentin.
7. Hyconcil.
8. Amoxil.
9. Gramox.
10. Cephalexin.
11. Digital.
12. Sporidex.
13. Rovamycin.
14. Ampiox.
15. Cefotaxime.
16. Vercef.
17. Cefazolin.
18. Ceftriaxone.
19. Duracef.

In the last century, when antimicrobials were first invented, it seemed that a panacea had been found. For the discovery they gave the Nobel Prize and began to treat everyone with penicillin. However, why only in the last century? Not so long ago it was easy to buy antibiotics without prescriptions. The list of prescription drugs was very narrow. But medical statistics and research in recent years have significantly changed the situation. Things didn't turn out as rosy as many had hoped.

We start with the most important

A photo of the names of antibiotics without a prescription is given below.

Only these drugs today in the pharmacy can be bought freely. All others are subject to a restriction, non-compliance with which is punishable by a decent fine. And persuasion in the style of “just recently they sold me everything” does not work - in May of this year, a new law was adopted in our country, which strictly limited the possibility of selling medicines. However, often the townsfolk do not even realize that this was done for their own good. We rarely think about the ability of different forms of life to adapt to aggressive conditions, but the smaller this very life, the higher its qualities. This is especially true for viruses and microbes - penicillin, which killed them several decades ago, today does not frighten harmful microflora, since resistance has been developed. To understand the essence of this phenomenon, it is worth looking not for a list of permitted antibiotics without prescriptions, but for the principle of the drugs.

And how was it before?

In fact, the list of over-the-counter antibiotics has always been rather narrow: most drugs were legally allowed to be purchased only with an official doctor's certificate. The exception concerned only a few items included in the special list of essential medicines. Only now the law did not contain serious punishments for misconduct, so it was observed very conditionally. And yet there was no officially free sale before. The problem of compliance with the established rules worried the government for a long time, on the basis of which a new normative act was adopted this year, designed to make the situation more stable.

Many are rightly indignant: it is very difficult to get to the clinic to get a prescription for the necessary medication. Huge queues, a flea market, infections - you can get sick even more than before going to the doctor. So the inhabitants are interested in the names of antibiotics without a prescription, hoping to bypass the unpleasant need to visit a specialist. The government does not deny that hospitals are really overwhelmed, and the impossibility of free purchase of antimicrobial drugs only increases this volume.

Why is this needed?

At the world level, doctors are sounding the alarm: microscopic life forms have developed a stable immunity to antibiotics. Lists that are dispensed without a prescription, of course, attract attention, but by doing so, a person himself considers himself to be at an increased risk: microscopic life forms in his body learn to survive even under the influence of substances so unfavorable for them, so in the future the disease will be more difficult to eliminate and harder. There is a possibility of death from a simple flu and its complications, and all because of the resistance of microbes to drugs designed to fight them. And it was developed precisely because of the uncontrolled use of medicines by the masses. Doctors voice predictions: millions of people are in danger due to established medical practices.

And what to do?

As activists say, a ban on the sale of antimicrobial agents can only bring real benefits in the conditions of a well-established system for providing medical services to the population, because in the current situation, a person either has to wait literally a week when he manages to get to the doctor, or independently search for names from the list of allowed over-the-counter antibiotics, as well as persuading pharmacists to break the law in order to sell him a useful drug. By the way, not only antimicrobial, but also many other medicines that are now freely sold in pharmacies, according to the law, should be distributed only if the patient has a properly executed prescription with all seals and signatures.

How to get a prescription?

If antibiotics from the list without prescriptions do not help or a person does not want to harm himself by using drugs uncontrollably, the easiest way is to get an appointment at a paid clinic. True, this is not cheap: even on the periphery, private clinics ask up to a thousand rubles for an appointment, and in the metropolitan region this figure is two to three times more. But if there is no way to pay, and waiting too long for an appointment at the clinic, the person continues to be treated on his own - otherwise, a serious illness, numerous complications, even death, threatens.

Is everything so clear?

Many say that the list of antibiotics without prescriptions in Russia is insignificant information, since a relatively small percentage of people who want to purchase medicines have a real permission from a doctor. If you refuse to all those who do not have a piece of paper, pharmacies will lose a significant percentage of their profits. Far from everyone is ready to do this, especially in a competitive and crisis market situation. Experts predict that drugs will continue to be sold in violation of established laws - this is the protection of enterprises from ruin.

Is it useful for the client? On the one hand, you do not need to be limited to a list of antibiotics without a prescription, you can hope that you can buy everything you need. On the other hand, do not forget about the immunity accumulated by microscopic life forms. In addition, during self-medication, many people stop drinking drugs not after the course duration has elapsed, but when the situation first improves, and this is the most effective way to develop resistance for microbes.

WHO: forecasts are disappointing

Scientists speaking on behalf of the World Health Organization informed that by 2050, about 10,000,000 deaths each year will be provoked by the immunity of microscopic life forms to antimicrobials. Against this background, the dispensing rules have been tightened in all countries, the list of antibiotics without a prescription has been significantly reduced.

Drug resistance is a natural process that is stimulated by the misuse of drugs. However, not only medicine plays a role, but also agriculture, where such compounds are widespread. Nowadays, some diseases can no longer be cured, although decades ago they were effectively eliminated with the help of antibiotics. A good example is the new subspecies of tuberculosis, drug-resistant gonorrhea. And this is not a complete list of dangerous infections. The consequences, especially in the analysis of the near future, seem large-scale, if not catastrophic.

What about today?

Extensive medical practice and uncontrolled use of antibiotics from the list without a prescription (and with prescriptions, too, if the average person can buy such a drug just like that) have led to the fact that about 700,000 people die from infection within a year. This forces us to look for new approaches to market regulation. The economy is good, the profits of pharmaceutical companies are also good, but the health of future generations is more important.

And what to do?

Instead of expanding the list of non-prescription antibiotics, the authorities decided to go the other way: to limit the sale of drugs as severely as possible in order to force people to visit a doctor before starting treatment. Currently, it is assumed that state-owned enterprises will gradually begin to take over the sector of private medical clinics. A mechanism for cooperation between the authorities and non-budgetary institutions is being developed.

This is possible, since in many state clinics not all areas are used, while maintenance costs are calculated from everything that is available. That is, the conclusion of contracts will make it possible to recoup the costs of housing and communal services, security, give sick people the opportunity to choose, lower the cost of private services and a chance to get to the doctor on time without a long queue.

Antibiotics: which are sold without a prescription?

At the beginning of the material, a list of drugs that can be freely purchased at the present time is already listed. Most of the above are medicines intended for external use, that is, gels and ointments, suppositories. Among them are those designed for ophthalmic use. The exception is:

• "Furazolidone".
• "Gramicidin C".
• "Fluconazole".

To buy any other names, you will have to provide the pharmacist with a prescription drawn up in a special form.

Against the law: what will happen?

If it is possible to identify a violation of established regulations, the pharmacist will be fined - 5,000 rubles or more. The enterprise itself can be closed for a three-month period.

In addition to antibiotics, similar severe restrictions are imposed on painkillers intended for blood vessels and the heart, affecting the psyche and some other special groups. As the responsible authorities explain, this practice was introduced on the basis of the successful experience of foreign colleagues, where the normalization of the sale of medicines led to an increase in medical results: resistance in sources of pathology is developed much less frequently.

It is important

The ban on the sale of prescription drugs without the presentation of an appropriate permission from a doctor has been introduced on the territory of the state since 2005, however, it was observed rather conditionally. In addition to the Ministry of Health, Rospotrebnadzor has now taken up the normalization of sales. Now it is not only forbidden to sell prescription medicines without an appropriate piece of paper, but even to place them on the window. A pharmacy can be fined for a violation in the amount of 100,000 rubles or more.

The prescription must be issued on official letterhead, sealed by the doctor and the institution, and signed by the doctor. The name indicated in the recipe is non-proprietary. Be sure to prescribe the dose, frequency of administration. The prescription can be used for up to two months, but for chronic patients it is extended for a year, indicating how often drugs can be bought.

Buy what?

Currently, the ban is imposed on 70% of all pharmacy products. In addition to antibiotics, this includes hormonal drugs, ampoules, diabetic drugs, narcotic, psychotropic active substances. But a complete list of items allowed for sale without a prescription has not been released. Officially, they promised to publish it at the beginning of this year on the website of the Ministry of Health, but they did not bother about it. Officials require pharmacists to "focus on the instructions." If it states that a prescription is needed, then it is unacceptable to sell the drug without the official permission of the doctor.

What happens in practice?

Heads of pharmaceutical sales outlets have different attitudes to the new rules. Somewhere they require pharmacists to strictly adhere to the established rules, and on the free market there are only drops for the nose, ointments, herbs and a couple of medications for stopping the virus and lowering the temperature. Other enterprises are ready to sell both antibiotics and painkillers, but only in the form of gels and ointments. Somewhere you can buy pills, but you won’t be able to buy ampoules, and someone doesn’t pay attention to prohibitions at all.

Before going to the pharmacy, as experts recommend, you should first read the instructions for the necessary medication on the Internet. If it does not indicate the sale strictly by prescription, you can safely purchase such a drug. If you have such a phrase, you should first familiarize yourself with the side effects and carefully weigh for yourself what is more important: the immediate benefit and the possible danger in the future or the discomfort associated with visiting a doctor who will accurately choose the right medicine and tell you how to use it.

A new list of medicines that will be sold in pharmacies without a prescription is posted on the website of the Ministry of Health. As a reminder, from July 1, without a cherished piece of paper from a doctor, a little more than 60 percent of all drugs registered in Belarus can be purchased at a pharmacy. Read the details of the decision HERE.

What can we buy without visiting a doctor? Drugs for the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract and liver, cardiovascular diseases, some painkillers, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic drugs, drugs for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as some antibiotics (first and second generation), "old" antiviral, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory drugs, low-dose hormonal oral contraceptives and emergency contraception.

Antibiotics of the III and IV generations, insulins, anabolics, antiarrhythmic drugs and drugs for the treatment of oncology will be dispensed only by prescription.

It is curious that without a prescription, for example, not all drugs for the treatment of thrush can be bought. But before they were in the public domain.

The over-the-counter list includes the most primitive drugs for the treatment of candidiasis, explained the obstetrician-gynecologist of the highest category, head of the antenatal clinic No. 27 Elena Nikolaeva. - All the rest (these are the III and IV generations) are more addictive and should be taken by the patient strictly under the supervision of a doctor, according to certain schemes. Apparently, that's why they need to be bought by prescription.

On the other hand, the question arises: why were some antibiotics left without prescriptions, while others were banned?

Of course, all antibiotics must be on prescription, explained Mikhail Kevra, professor at the Department of Clinical Pharmacology of the Belarusian State Medical University. - Just keep in mind that for 20 years it was possible to buy antibiotics without a prescription. And since they have been used for a long time, there are resistant strains to them (in other words, our body is already used to them. - Ed.). So it was for a while in America with penicillin. When he stopped working, he was banned for 8-10 years. And then the doctors accidentally appointed him, and he began to work again.

STAY IN TOUCH!

According to the decision of the Ministry of Health of June 8 this year, without a doctor's prescription, drugs in a pharmacy can be bought no more than 50 doses or no more than one package containing more than 50 doses (if these are tablets, dragees, capsules, lozenges, granules, powders). If we are talking about other dosage forms (say, ointments, potions. - Ed.), Then you can buy no more than two packages without a prescription.

A complete list of over-the-counter drugs can be viewed.

During the cold season, pharmacies will sell antibiotics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory and antiviral drugs without a doctor's prescription. But not all, but only some names. On certain drugs, the Ministry of Health is categorical: they will be sold only by prescription, and doctors should prescribe them only as a last resort.

Medicinal products (in all dosage forms) containing monotherapy ibuprofen and paracetamol included in the list of funds that can be released without recipe(Resolution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated June 5, 2012 No. 55). The same applies to oral suspensions for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen, etc.

But medicines containing paracetamol + ibuprofen combination(trade names "Ibuklin", "Ibuzam") in pharmacies will sell Requires a doctor's prescription. This combination is very toxic to the functions of the liver and kidneys. Some countries, including Kazakhstan, India and the UK, have already phased out such drugs.

According to the Ministry of Health, 6 cases of acute renal failure have been recorded in Belarus, the cause of which was the use of the paracetamol + ibuprofen combination. The appointment of these drugs should occur only after examination and examination by a doctor.

Also strictly by prescription drugs should be dispensed based on sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim combinations(trade names Biseptol, Biseptin, Cotrimoxazole). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has formed. As the Ministry of Health notes, “the use of these drugs in diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract is irrational and unsafe».

As an alternative, antibiotics of the penicillin and macrolide group are currently used (some of them are included in the list of over-the-counter drugs).

Dispensed without a prescription

Antiviral:"Arpetol" ("Arbidol"), "Rimantadine", "Interferon", oxolinic ointment, "AngriMax", "Anaferon", "Kagocel", "Virogel", "Panavir".

Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: acetylsalicylic acid, "Ibuprofen", paracetamol, "Nimesulide"; combined medicines: "Negrinpin", "Fapirin C", etc.

Antibiotics: amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin.

Medicines that affect the immune system:"Ehingin", "Trimunal", "Groprinosin", cycloferon.

P.S. Despite the free sale of many drugs, doctors strongly recommend not to self-medicate, risking your health, but to turn to specialists for help.

Olga Artishevskaya

A standard acute respiratory disease, ARVI develops as a result of the penetration of viruses into the body, but often against the background of a weakened immune system, a bacterial infection is attached, in such cases antibiotics are prescribed for a cold. With the wrong choice of drugs, you can only aggravate the situation - there will be severe complications, allergies. Be careful.

Antibiotics are used to fight infection

When are antibiotics prescribed for a cold?

With a common cold, it is pointless to take antibiotics, since the disease is of viral origin, but often respiratory infections are complicated by bacterial pathologies - antibiotics are indispensable here.

When to take antibiotics for a cold:

• 2-3 days after the onset of the disease, the patient's condition does not improve, but only worsens;
• the runny nose intensifies, it is difficult to breathe through the nose, the discharge becomes yellow or green;
• after 4–5 days of acute respiratory infections, a deep cough with a large amount of sputum appears;
• the temperature rises sharply to 38 or more degrees.

With a sharp increase in temperature, antibiotics are prescribed

A complicated cold is an exception to the rule, the immune system of a healthy person is able to cope with viruses in 7-10 days. The risk of developing pneumonia, tonsillitis, otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis is high in people whose defenses are weakened. Who is at risk? Young children, the elderly, people who have undergone organ transplantation, take immunosuppressants and corticosteroids for a long time, patients with HIV and cancer.

For a healthy adult, colds up to 6 times a year are normal, in children this figure can reach 10 cases annually. With the timely intake of antiviral drugs, recovery occurs within 7-10 days.

List of best antibiotics for colds

When signs of a bacterial infection appear, the therapist or pediatrician prescribes broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. After receiving the results of tests for the sensitivity of microorganisms to the active ingredient of the drug, a remedy is prescribed that will act directly on the pathogens.

To eliminate bacterial complications of the common cold, antibacterial agents from the group of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, lincosamides are used. Most drugs can be purchased at the pharmacy without a prescription, but it is better to take strong medicines as directed by a specialist.

An effective antibacterial drug, contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, belongs to the penicillin group. Available in tablets, powder for suspensions and injections. Price - 270-370 rubles.

The drug is prescribed if against the background of a cold there are ENT complications, pneumonia, bronchitis.

Amoxiclav - antibacterial drug

Contraindications:

• mononucleosis;
• the presence of liver disease in history, cholestatic jaundice;
• lymphocytic leukemia.

During pregnancy, the drug is prescribed only if the expected therapeutic effect of the treatment outweighs the possible risks to the woman and the fetus. The drug can cause the development of congenital necrotizing colitis in a newborn.

The duration of therapy is 5-14 days.

Due to the presence of clavulanic acid in the composition, Amoxiclav destroys even those strains of bacteria that are immune to amoxicillin.

A cheap antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, produced in capsules, tablets, in the form of a suspension. Price - 80-120 rubles. The medicine helps with otolaryngological bacterial diseases, bronchitis, pneumonia.

Affordable antibacterial drug Amoxicillin

Contraindications:

• bronchial asthma, diathesis of allergic origin;
• liver dysfunction;
• dysbacteriosis;
• lactation, pregnancy;
• some forms of leukemia;
• mononucleosis.

The standard dosage is 500 mg every 8 hours. The duration of therapy is 6-10 days.

A powerful, but at the same time cheap antibiotic, there are only 3 tablets in the package, which is enough for a complete recovery. The drug belongs to a separate group of azalides due to some structural features, it is effective against most strains of bacteria. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspension. Price - 120-220 rubles.

Azithromycin is an effective antibiotic

Indications for use:

• tonsillitis, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, paranasal sinuses;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• otitis media.

Dosage - 500 mg once a day 2 hours after eating, the medicine should be drunk for three days, with angina, the course can be extended up to 5 days. Contraindications - violation of the heart rhythm, severe kidney and liver diseases, lactation. Pregnant women are sometimes prescribed the drug in a standard dosage, but it should be drunk only under constant medical supervision.

Azithromycin should not be taken with Heparin.

A combined universal antibiotic, the composition contains amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, it goes on sale in tablets, in the form of a suspension and powder for injections. Price - 260-370 rubles.

The standard dosage is 250 mg three times a day, with advanced forms of pathologies - 500 mg 3 times a day, or 875 mg in the morning and evening. Injections are made every 4–8 hours at 1000 mg, depending on the severity of the pathology. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days.

Augmentin - combined antibiotic

The drug is intended to eliminate the manifestations of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, pathologies of ENT organs of a bacterial nature. Contraindications - intolerance to the components of the drug, jaundice or liver dysfunction in history. For pregnant and lactating women, the drug is prescribed in a standard dosage, treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist.

An inexpensive but good antibiotic from the lincosamide group, effective only against gram-positive bacteria, is available in tablets, in the form of a solution for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Price - 110-180 rubles.

The medicine is prescribed for inflammation of the lungs and middle ear, bronchitis, tonsillitis. Contraindications - severe renal and hepatic pathologies, the period of gestation and breastfeeding.

Lincomycin belongs to the group of lincosamides.

Intravenously and intramuscularly, 0.6 g is prescribed three times a day, in difficult cases, the dosage is increased to 2.4 g. The dose for oral administration is 1.5 g per day, it must be divided into 3 doses. The duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Lincomycin should not be taken concomitantly with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, otherwise breathing may stop.

An effective and gentle antibacterial agent of the penicillin series, contains amoxicillin, is produced in tablets with various dosages. Price - 230-480 rubles.

Flemoxin Solutab - an effective and gentle antibiotic

The medicine helps to eliminate bacterial infections in the organs of the respiratory system, acute otitis media. Contraindications - lymphocytic leukemia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, pregnancy, the period of natural feeding.

The action of the drug does not depend on food intake, the tablet can be swallowed whole, crushed, dissolved in water.

In severe forms of pathology, the dosage of the drug is not increased, but it must be taken 3 times / day. Duration of treatment - no more than a week.

A strong antibiotic, belongs to the II group of cephalosporins, contains cefuroxime axetil, affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, is produced in tablets and granules for suspension. Price - 230-400 rubles.

The treatment regimen is 250 mg of the drug in the morning and evening; in severe forms of the disease, a single dosage can be increased to 500 mg. The duration of the course is 5-10 days.

Zinnat is a strong bactericidal agent

The medicine helps with infectious diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, sinusitis, otitis media. The drug has no contraindications, except for individual intolerance, it is prescribed with caution to patients with pathologies of the digestive system, kidneys. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the antibiotic can be taken at the standard dosage.

An expensive modern antibiotic, belongs to III generation cephalosporins, contains cefixime, is produced in capsules, granules for suspension, Suprax Solutab - tablets for resorption or dissolution in water. Price - 620–820 rubles.

The medicine shows high efficiency in the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillopharyngitis, bronchitis, sinusitis and otitis media. The drug is contraindicated in chronic renal failure, a decrease in creatinine clearance to 60 ml / min, caution should be taken in elderly people with a history of colitis.

Suprax is a modern effective antibiotic

Dosage - 400 mg once a day, or 200 mg in the morning and evening, you can drink the medicine regardless of the meal. The duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Cephalosporins are considered the safest antibiotics during pregnancy; Suprax can be taken at a standard dosage. The active substances of the drug penetrate into breast milk, so it is contraindicated to drink it during lactation.

Clarithromycin

Effective, one of the most effective antibiotics from the third generation macrolide group, it destroys even those microbes that are in tissue cells, they are released in capsules and tablets. Price - 320–520 rubles.

The average dose is 250 mg in the morning and evening for 6-14 days, in some cases the dosage can be increased to 1000 mg per day.

Clarithromycin is an effective drug for the treatment of influenza and SARS

Clarithromycin is considered one of the best drugs to eliminate the complications of influenza and SARS, it is prescribed for bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, bronchitis. Contraindications - lactation, individual intolerance, pregnant women can take the medicine from the second trimester. Clarithromycin has been successfully used to treat chronic forms of tuberculosis.

Antibiotics are often prescribed to children during an epidemic of influenza, colds, since complications in a child can occur rapidly, in just a few hours.

Tablets - 500 mg / day for three days.

Amoxiclav From birth in the form of a suspension Penicillins up to three months - 30 mg / kg, it must be divided into 2 doses;

Older than three months - 40 mg / kg;

with a weight of more than 40 kg - 375 mg every 8 hours

Amoxicillin From birth in the form of a suspension, from the age of 12 - tablets and capsules Penicillins up to two years - 30 mg / kg in 3 divided doses;

2-5 years - 125 mg three times a day;

5–12 years 250 mg every 8 hours

Flemoxin Solutab From the first year of life Penicillins up to a year - 30-60 mg / kg per day, divided into 3 doses;

1-3 years - 250 mg twice a day, or 125 mg every 8 hours;

3-10 years - 2500 mg three times a day;

Over 10 years old - 500-750 mg in the morning and evening.

Zinnat In the form of a suspension from three months, in tablets - from three years Cephalosporins · from three months - 125 mg of suspension twice a day;

up to three years - 250 mg suspension 2 times / day;

older than three years - 125 mg twice a day in tablets, with otitis media, the doctor can increase the single dose to 250 mg

To identify a bacterial infection in a child, it is enough to do a clinical blood test, when bacteria are affected, the ESR and the number of leukocytes increase, there is an active growth of stab and segmented neutrophils - the more severe the disease, the more the leukocyte formula shifts to the left.

Drinking or injecting an antibiotic - which is better?

With a bacterial infection, the question often arises - to prick or drink antibiotics? Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages.

The injections act faster, penetrate immediately into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive tract, which reduces the risk of developing dysbacteriosis. But the injection of drugs is quite painful, especially for children, there is a high probability of infection, the occurrence of abscesses.

Tablets are easy to take, most modern antibacterial agents are enough to be taken once a day. But they act slowly, because they must first dissolve in the intestines, and only then they are absorbed into the blood.

According to the canons of safety that are accepted in world medicine, the injection method of administering antibiotics for colds is prescribed only in very severe cases, in a hospital.

Antibiotics help to eliminate the complications of influenza and colds of bacterial origin. The drug should be chosen carefully, taking into account age and the presence of chronic diseases.

Infections Medications

» What antibiotics

Pharmacies banned the sale of antibiotics without a prescription

The Ministry of Health has finally banned self-medication with most antiviral, antimicrobial, heart drugs and blood pressure pills.

— Yes, it’s true, antibiotics cannot be bought without a doctor’s prescription, like all other prescription drugs.. - they unanimously assured in several pharmacies, where Komsomolskaya Pravda called.

- This is not new. - the press service of the Ministry of Health clarified, - p the decision to approve the list of non-prescription drugs (the rest, respectively, prescription drugs) was issued back in 2010. Just at the end of August, pharmacies were reminded of their responsibility for violations. The Ministry of Health has always opposed the practice of self-medication. Modern antibiotics throughout the civilized world are prescribed to patients only by doctors. Prescription drugs are prescribed by doctors because they have side effects, can cause allergic reactions, and may be incompatible with each other. .

Not only antibiotics, but also biseptol and groseptol were banned from free sale. Some antiviral drugs are also classified as prescription drugs. Effective (and rather expensive) flu pills cannot be bought without a visit to a doctor, but rimantadine, amizon, and the immunostimulant arbidol are available.

Pain medications like spasmalgon, but-shpy, citramone and aspirin can still be bought without going to the doctor. Stronger ones - only with his permission. Hypertensive patients will also have to visit polyclinics more often - almost everything that reduces pressure is now issued only by prescription.

As before, a prescription will not be required for most drugs that help the work of the gastrointestinal tract.

You can find out more precisely whether the drug is on the “over-the-counter” list or whether it is time to make an appointment with a doctor by calling or looking into any pharmacy.

“Viagra by prescription, so that the Russians do not take it out!”

We went to Minsk pharmacies to check whether it is true that antibiotics are not sold just like that.

- Bring the recipe, then we'll let you go. - strictly told us in all pharmacies.

And in one, closer to the station, they explained:

— The Russians are buying up all the medicines. Buy for future use, several packs. They took antibiotics, painkillers, several packs of Viagra. It is profitable for them to buy here because of the difference in exchange rates, and foreigners have more salaries .

- So Viagra is also only by prescription? we were surprised.

- Yes. And a maximum of two packs in one hand. Although I have little idea who will go to the clinic for such a prescription. When they made it according to the recipe, they began to buy noticeably less. Like all prescription drugs. People still need to get used to going to the doctors for what they used to buy just like that. .

Four tablets of Viagra (100 mg) in Belarus cost about 160 thousand rubles.

In Smolensk - about 3 thousand Russian rubles. (This is in Belarusian rubles at the rate of the National Bank - 531 thousand, at the black rate - more than 820 thousand.)

The difference is obvious: a Russian drug to improve potency in Belarus would cost five times cheaper.

After July 1, the Ministry of Health warned, it will be possible to buy antibiotics, hormonal drugs, drugs to reduce pressure, and many medicines for heart problems only upon presentation of a prescription. Of course, the people got excited, writes open.by. Young women of childbearing age, worried about the innovation, speculated on Internet forums about how much the number of unplanned pregnancies and even abortions would increase due to limited access to hormonal contraceptives. The pensioners clutched at their hearts and doubted whether the doctors would be able to cope - after all, the queues in polyclinics will certainly grow after the innovation.

And the other day, the Ministry of Health declares that more than 60% of drugs will be sold without a prescription (by the way, in Europe this figure does not exceed 30%). The remaining 40% will be taken under strict control - these are some hormonal drugs, psychotropic, narcotic, antitumor and other drugs.

Coincidentally, the Ministry of Health revised its positions on OTC medicines shortly after President Alexander Lukashenko's remarks as part of his message to the people and parliament. There were complaints from our citizens about the new system of dispensing medicines only by prescription, which is supposed to be introduced in the near future. I ask the Minister of Health and the Prime Minister to deal with these issues,” Alexander Lukashenko said. - Recently, one person at a training session came up to me and said: Is it true that the minister will sell contraceptives with a doctor's prescription? How can we go to the clinic to buy this case? . The President asked not to mess things up and to revise the list, which was done very promptly.

The list of over-the-counter drugs, according to representatives of the Ministry of Health, was revised due to complaints from patients.

Deputy Head of the Department of Organization of Medical Care of the Ministry of Health Lyudmila Zhilevich:

Lists of over-the-counter drugs and prescription drugs have always existed. But over time, part of the drugs that should be dispensed by prescription began to be dispensed without a prescription. Therefore, the Ministry of Health decided to strengthen control so that all regulations are implemented within the framework of the law. An attempt to resolve these issues caused a public outcry (a large number of patients complained to us), so we had to make a decision to expand the list of over-the-counter drugs. And today a new draft OTC list has been prepared.

The list does not yet have legal force, as the Minister of Health has not yet signed the relevant documents.

What can be bought without a prescription?

Many questions were asked by people suffering from medium-vascular diseases, in particular, high blood pressure. Many of them have been taking the same drugs for a long time and know how to use them. Therefore, drugs such as enalappril, captopril can be bought without a prescription. But we will insist that patients seek medical advice. If only because the dose that was prescribed by the doctor earlier may turn out to be ineffective today.

Antibiotics will also remain available over the counter. However, all over the world, antibiotics are a prescription drug and over time, obviously, this will happen with us. Alas, many mothers try to cure their children within 2 days by prescribing high-class antibiotics. And when these children grow up and enter adult practice, we often have nothing to save them with. What do moms complain about? The fact that the child coughs for six months. Because the stage has passed from acute to chronic.

Without a prescription, you can buy antibiotics of the doxycycline group, which are used for tick bites. (although this drug damages the rudiments of permanent teeth in children - approx. Alexander Barsukov).

Alexander Barsukov, Chief Freelance Clinical Pharmacologist of the Ministry of Health:

In all instructions for hormonal drugs it is written that they must be dispensed with a doctor's prescription. Because these drugs have a number of side effects - ranging from allergic reactions, toxic drug-induced hepatitis and ending with thrombosis and bleeding in the brain. Before prescribing a drug for the purpose of contraception or for regulating the reproductive function of women with menstrual irregularities, the doctor evaluates the physical health and decides how to avoid side complications.

Of the total number of contraceptives without a prescription, 20 drugs will be dispensed - these are low-dose hormonal drugs.

It turns out that doctors do not recommend taking the above funds without consulting a doctor, but nevertheless, what the doctor did not prescribe will still be sold. At a press conference on April 17, Lyudmila Zhilevich stated that the need to write a prescription for medicines would increase the doctor's responsibility for treatment. Now, according to the deputy head of the Department of Organization of Medical Care of the Ministry of Health, the patient himself determines how he should be treated and is responsible for his own treatment. But when he comes to the doctor and complains about his health, in the end, the attending physician is responsible for everything. Therefore, the list will be reviewed annually.

Since July 1, the Ministry of Health of Belarus has strengthened control over the compliance of pharmacies with the sale of prescription drugs. The list includes more than three thousand drugs, for which now you will not need to go to the doctor. Strictly by prescription will release less than two thousand pills. Their list can be found in every pharmacy, clinic, hospital and on the website of the Ministry of Health. In addition, there are drugs that used to be sold strictly by prescription - now this is not required.

By the way, almost all vitamins for both adults and children will be sold without a doctor's prescription; some anti-allergic drugs (loratadine, cetirizine, ketotifen, promethazine, etc. - without a prescription) will not be affected by innovations. With antibiotics, the situation has changed somewhat. For example, antibiotics of the 1st and 2nd generation (for example, amoxicillin, doxycycline) can be purchased without a prescription, but only after presenting a prescription will they give you sumamed, cephalexin, etc. without a prescription. holosas (medicines used for diseases of the stomach and liver), however, if you need an antimicrobial drug of the Biseptol type, you cannot do without a doctor's prescription in this case.

To the point Without a doubt, even the “lightest” drug can become poisonous for the human body and cause addiction. Quite often this happens if the medicine is not taken according to the doctor's prescription, but at one's own discretion or on the advice of friends, experts say. Therefore, before you buy some medicine that supposedly helped a neighbor, take the time to visit your doctor. The doctor must treat the patient.

By the way
WHO calls for a reasonable and reasonable intake of antibiotics that can cause dysbacteriosis and immunodeficiency. Where nearly 15 percent of infertile marriages? This is illiterate treatment antibiotics for sluggish inflammatory processes, uncontrolled intake of hormonal contraceptives, etc. Therefore, doctors are the ones who write prescriptions for medicines.

Remember!
The list of OTC drugs includes atenolol, metaprolol, captopril, lisinopril and enalapril and others, which previously had to be dispensed only by prescription. As well as antibiotics of the first and second generation - ampicillin, doxycycline, amoxicillin and others. A group of anti-inflammatory drugs is widely represented - diclofenac, indomethacin, etc. Antimicrobial and hormonal ointments, as well as some hormonal drugs, will be dispensed without a prescription.

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Medications containing Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are released freely. Those drugs that have both of these components in their composition are issued strictly by prescription.

The Ministry of Health draws attention to the procedure for dispensing medicines during the seasonal rise in respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza in the autumn-winter period.

Medications in all dosage forms containing a single drug ibuprofen or Paracetamol, are included in the list of medicines dispensed without a doctor's prescription, writes tut.by. The document was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated June 5, 2012 No. 55. The same list includes oral suspensions for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen and others.

These medicines are intended for children of all age groups and can be selected for taking by a child in a form convenient for him, taking into account age: suppositories and drops - for children under the age of 3 years, syrups and powders for preparing solutions - after 3 years.

Antipyretics based on the combination "paracetamol + ibuprofen" (trade names "Ibuklin", "Ibuzam") are sold by prescription only. This is primarily due to the high toxicity of such drugs in relation to liver and kidney function.

Since 2011, the use of these medications has been discontinued in a number of countries, including Kazakhstan, India, and the UK. In the Republic of Belarus, 6 cases of acute renal failure associated with their use were registered. Because of this, the Ministry of Health decided to prescribe these drugs only after the child was examined and examined by a doctor.

Similar prescription measures have been established by the Ministry of Health for antimicrobial medicines based on the combination "sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim" (trade names: "Biseptol", "Biseptin", "Co-trimoxazole"). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has formed.

The use of this group of drugs in diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract is irrational and unsafe. The prescription of such drugs should be made only by a medical professional, who will determine whether their intake of such drugs will be effective.

The following medicines are available without a doctor's prescription for the treatment of respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza:

• antiviral drugs: Arpetol (arbidol), Rimantadine, Interferon, Oxolinic ointment, AngriMax, Anaferon, Kagocel, Virogel, Panavir;
• analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide, combined drugs - Negrinpin, Fapirin C and others;
• antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Ampicillin;
• drugs that affect the immune system: Ehingin, Trimunal Groprinosin, Cycloferon.

Medications containing Ibuprofen or Paracetamol are released freely. Those drugs that have both of these components in their composition are issued strictly by prescription.

The Ministry of Health draws attention to the procedure for dispensing medicines during the seasonal rise in respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza in the autumn-winter period.

Medications in all dosage forms containing a single drug ibuprofen or Paracetamol, are included in the list of medicines dispensed without a doctor's prescription, writes tut.by. The document was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus dated June 5, 2012 No. 55. The same list includes oral suspensions for children: Ibufen, Ibufen D, Nurofen and others.

These medicines are intended for children of all age groups and can be selected for taking by a child in a form convenient for him, taking into account age: suppositories and drops - for children under the age of 3 years, syrups and powders for preparing solutions - after 3 years.

What is sold by prescription only

Antipyretics based on the combination "paracetamol + ibuprofen" (trade names "Ibuklin", "Ibuzam") are sold by prescription only. This is primarily due to the high toxicity of such drugs in relation to liver and kidney function.

Since 2011, the use of these medications has been discontinued in a number of countries, including Kazakhstan, India, and the UK. In the Republic of Belarus, 6 cases of acute renal failure associated with their use were registered. Because of this, the Ministry of Health decided to prescribe these drugs only after the child was examined and examined by a doctor.

Similar prescription measures have been established by the Ministry of Health for antimicrobial medicines based on the combination "sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim" (trade names: "Biseptol", "Biseptin", "Co-trimoxazole"). This is due to the fact that as a result of their widespread use, the resistance of most pathogens to these drugs has formed.

The use of this group of drugs in diseases of the respiratory and urinary tract is irrational and unsafe. The prescription of such drugs should be made only by a medical professional, who will determine whether their intake of such drugs will be effective.

What medications can be bought freely

The following medicines are available without a doctor's prescription for the treatment of respiratory, infectious diseases and influenza:

• antiviral drugs: Arpetol (arbidol), Rimantadine, Interferon, Oxolinic ointment, AngriMax, Anaferon, Kagocel, Virogel, Panavir;
• analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory: Acetylsalicylic acid, Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide, combined drugs - Negrinpin, Fapirin C and others;
• antibiotics: Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid, Ampicillin;
• drugs that affect the immune system: Ehingin, Trimunal Groprinosin, Cycloferon.