Manganese is an important metal with a wide range of applications. Useful properties of potassium permanganate

Potassium permanganate is a unique antiseptic that is used both externally and internally.
It has pronounced antimicrobial (antiseptic) properties, the action of which is based on chemical reactions. In an aqueous solution, in the presence of easily oxidized substances, gaseous oxygen is actively separated from it, which in itself is an effective antiseptic.
Why don't they sell potassium permanganate? -

Potassium permanganate solution - first aid for human poisoning. A couple of potassium permanganate crystals are dissolved in a glass of boiled water and this solution is drunk. The focus of poisoning is suspended. To wash the stomach, you need to drink more liquid to evacuate its contents. The rather specific and unpleasant taste of this solution contributes to the spontaneous cleansing of the stomach)) It is better to prepare the solution in such a way that it does not contain undissolved crystals that can burn the mucous membranes, namely, it is better to pre-prepare a saturated solution of potassium permanganate, and then add it to the water and do the desired concentration of 0.02-0.1% solution.
With diarrhea, you need to drink a solution of potassium permanganate in the morning and evening, but usually 1-2 times is enough for the diarrhea to stop.

With open wounds, if there are no other means at hand (iodine, brilliant green, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide), you can wash them with a solution of potassium permanganate.
To disinfect superficial wounds, potassium permanganate is diluted in water to the color of thick red wine (about 0.1-0.5% solution is obtained).

What aromas can heal? -

With small abrasions, scratches, with insect bites, with inflammation on the skin (chicken pox, just acne), at the first signs of the appearance of bedsores, the skin is wiped with cotton wool / cloth moistened with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and areas covered with a rash are treated with concentrated 5 % solution.
With severe skin lesions (with chicken pox), to accelerate the process of drying of wounds and the elimination of crusts / sores, baths with a solution of potassium permanganate can be used. But only after the rash stops (vesicles). First, a highly concentrated solution is prepared, and then it is gradually added to a filled bath of water at 37 degrees so that the water becomes slightly pink in color. And after a bath with potassium permanganate, the skin is rinsed with clean water.

With stomatitis and herpes, you can irrigate the affected areas with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (literally pale pink).

In case of sore throat (with sore throat, scarlet fever), a pale pink solution of permanganate is gargled several times a day.

If foreign objects get into the eyes, if they become inflamed (with the release of pus), they can be washed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate (0.01-0.1%).

With increased sweating of the legs, you can do daily foot baths with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then use special creams, ointments or 1% formalin solution.

If you are concerned about calluses, then you can hold your feet in warm water with potassium permanganate, and then in water with salt. The pain will subside a little. If such baths are done regularly, then corns will bother much less often.

Another use of potassium permanganate. It helps heal burn wounds. A strong solution of potassium permanganate (2-5%) is applied to the burned area of the skin. The burn passes faster, but this method is not suitable for all people, because different skin reacts differently to a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate.

Potassium permanganate is also used in everyday life. At the cottage, for example.

It is effective in the fight against pests and diseases of garden and garden plants.

Disinfection of seeds and soil with potassium permanganate allows you to fight pathogens that may be present on or inside the seeds, and also protects young plants from pathogens in the soil. In addition, tillage stimulates the processes that take place in the seeds during their growth.

Usually, seed disinfection is carried out with a 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate (0.5 grams per half a glass of water). Seeds are kept in such a solution for a short time, 30 minutes, and then washed in clean water and dried. This treatment increases the resistance of plants to a number of diseases.
To disinfect the soil, before planting seedlings, a solution of potassium permanganate is poured into the wells. The solution is rather weak (about 1.5-2 grams per 10 liters of water).
A weaker solution of potassium permanganate (1.5 g per 10 liters) is used for powdery mildew of strawberries and strawberries, cucumbers, melons.

Potassium permanganate is added to septic tanks. For disinfection and destruction of bacteria.

A solution of potassium permanganate removes cat marks from upholstered furniture and carpets. The principle of action of potassium permanganate is based on its oxidizing ability. But a very pale pink potassium permanganate in terms of odor neutralization is not effective, such as a more concentrated solution. There is also a minus - neutralizing the smell, it gives an insoluble brown substance during the oxidation reaction.

A solution of potassium permanganate with vinegar removes ink from a ballpoint pen -

Despite the fact that no contraindications have been established for the use of potassium permanganate solution, it must be remembered that potassium permanganate powder / crystals (if it comes into contact with the skin, and especially the mucous membranes), can cause serious burns. Therefore, when preparing solutions, you need to be extremely careful and ensure that the crystals are completely dissolved.

How to expand and strengthen the vessels of the head? -

Potassium permanganate (scientific name - potassium permanganate) is an excellent antiseptic. Due to its disinfecting properties, it is widely used in medicine and in everyday life. Potassium permanganate is also widely known, the use of which helps to cope even with garden and garden pests. A highly concentrated solution of potassium permanganate has a purple color, if you add quite a bit of this substance to the water, it will turn light pink.

Potassium permanganate in case of poisoning will help flush the stomach and rid the body of pathogenic bacteria. Such a disinfectant is diluted in water until it acquires a pale pink color. The resulting liquid is given to the patient to drink, after which it is necessary to induce vomiting in him.

How to prepare a solution of potassium permanganate?

It is very important to know that sometimes not all crystals of a substance completely dissolve in water. As a result, you can get a serious burn of the gastric mucosa. In order to avoid unpleasant consequences, it is recommended to first prepare a concentrated solution, and then add a little of this liquid to the water that will be needed for the procedure.

The water should be warm, because potassium permanganate does not dissolve well in cold liquids. Preparation of a solution in running water will allow it to be stored for no more than a day, but if distilled water is used, its shelf life increases to six months. At the same time, such a solution should be stored in a container with tinted glass, and also avoid direct sunlight.

Potassium permanganate, the use of which will save you from many problems, is often accompanied by the appearance of dark spots in the places where the solution was prepared. Do you know how to get rid of them? It is useless to use abrasive cleaners for this. Ascorbic or oxalic acid will help in this matter. Moreover, removing such a stain will not require any effort from you. The chemical reaction that occurs when these substances come into contact will cause the stains to disappear on their own.

Use at home

Potassium permanganate, the use of which is appropriate when bathing newborns, requires special care. In no case should crystals of this substance be added to the bath where the child will bathe. It is necessary to prepare the solution, and only after that add it to the water. Remember that potassium permanganate can dry out the delicate skin of an infant, so its concentration in water should not be exceeded.

Works great for conjunctivitis. Treatment is carried out by washing the eyes with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. They can also gargle with sore throat and treat the oral cavity with stomatitis.

Potassium permanganate, the use of which will save you from the above ailments, will also save you from diarrhea. Experts recommend drinking a glass of a weak solution of this substance twice a day. As a rule, the discomfort disappears the next day.

Such an unpleasant and painful phenomenon can be effectively eliminated by taking warm foot baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. It should be remembered that such treatment gives a result only at the initial stage of the problem, when discomfort is felt in the thumb area, the appearance of small ulcers near the nail, blood, pus is observed. In more serious cases, surgery may be needed to cure.

Potassium permanganate for thrush was popular and widely used until recently, but modern medicine has proven that a solution of this substance (even a low concentration) adversely affects the microflora in the vagina. Therefore, if such a problem occurs, you should opt for antifungal drugs, the use of which is more effective.

The antiseptic habitual for us not only actively fights against various microbes and infectious agents, but also has a beneficial effect in case of poisoning and many other symptoms.

Scope of potassium permanganate

Due to its amazing healing properties, potassium permanganate is so actively practiced in the field of traditional and alternative medicine, cosmetology and even gynecology. Potassium permanganate is also used in horticulture as an effective means of controlling small pests and plant diseases.

Travelers take potassium permanganate with them to disinfect their wounds or drinking water, in this case, you need to add a few crystals to it. The concentrated solution is a strong oxidizing agent and will attack plastic, wood and metal. Using potassium permanganate at home, you should be aware that this substance can pretty much spoil a metal sink or bath. The stains left after the solution are practically not washed off.

Potassium permanganate is formed after electrolysis of caustic potassium and a manganese anode. As it decays, the anode dissolves and forms a purple solution that contains permanganate ions. Hydrogen is released at the cathode, and then the same manganese appears as a precipitate.

This drug is one of the leaders in terms of having antimicrobial properties. It is sold in powder form in pharmacies, but in recent years some pharmaceutical companies have only sold it by prescription. The shelf life of potassium permanganate is unlimited, but it must be emphasized that only the freshest solution is able to destroy any pathogens, having active sterilization of any surface. It exists in the form of crystals, which, if necessary, are dissolved in water to obtain a solution. It differs in color: a pale pink shade indicates a weak concentration, bright crimson - on the contrary. A treatment solution is prepared mainly at the rate of 10 crystals per 1 liter of water, further adjusting its strength by color. It is always very important to completely stir the potassium permanganate powder, since undissolved particles can cause burns when in contact with the skin.

The use of potassium permanganate in medicine is due to its disinfecting properties. The prepared solution is used to treat cuts, wash wounds and calluses. In case of inflammation of the throat and pharynx, rinsing with a non-concentrated solution of manganese is prescribed. This remedy is washed with a sore spot 4 times a day. Very often, a solution of potassium permanganate is used as a preparation for irrigating the oral cavity, namely, for gum disease.

Potassium permanganate treatment

Potassium permanganate for indigestion. Potassium permanganate is popular for food and diarrhea. Feeling the first signs, the patient should drink a weak solution that can stimulate the process of bowel cleansing.
For oral administration, when eliminating intoxication of the body, 200 ml of water will require literally 2 crystals of powder. Having stirred the drug well, you need to drink this water at a time. This good antiseptic will help neutralize the infection in the stomach.
With hyperhidrosis or excessive sweating. If your feet sweat a lot, then baths with a weak solution of potassium permanganate will be a good way to eliminate this problem. This procedure, as a rule, should not take more than 15 minutes, and the water temperature should not exceed 40 degrees. After steaming the feet, they must be wiped dry and smeared with a formalin solution (1%).
As already noted, potassium permanganate is a wonderful antiseptic, which is extremely useful in the treatment of various injuries. You need to know how to properly use potassium permanganate for its intended purpose. The wound is not directly washed with manganese water, but only the edges are treated. A disinfectant for a serious wound is prepared at the rate of: a small amount of powder on the tip of a knife per 1 liter. water. With minor damage to the skin, it is enough to dilute a weak solution, rinse this area, and then lubricate with iodine.
At . Now a lot of girls and guys are trying to look as creative and extraordinary as possible, including piercing their ears, navels, nostrils and eyebrows. But for the information of young people, such experiments are fraught with unpleasant consequences if they are not properly cared for. To avoid infection of tissues after piercing with a needle, careful treatment of wounds with antiseptic agents is necessary. A weak solution of manganese in this case will be very helpful. The piercing site must be disinfected at least 2 times a day and only with clean hands.
If you are worried about annoying warts or calluses, then potassium permanganate will come in handy here. A concentrated solution of potassium permanganate perfectly cauterizes all unnecessary growths on the skin, for this it is enough to lubricate them with potassium permanganate daily.
With fungal diseases of the female and male external genital organs, doctors very often prescribe to their patients a painless and harmless remedy - a manganese solution for washing. To prescribe daily douching with a pale pink solution, it is only important to ensure that all the crystals are completely dissolved in water. Otherwise, it may cause damage to the mucous membranes and irritation.

Potassium permanganate when caring for a child

You may have heard that some mothers use potassium permanganate for their babies. While bathing a child, a little of this powder is added to the water so that the water acquires disinfecting properties. Doctors, in turn, are skeptical about this method, believing that the slightest excess of the permissible dosage of manganese can cause burns to the baby. The same applies to not completely dissolved crystals.

If, contrary to all fears, you decide to use potassium permanganate, considering it the most effective and non-allergenic antiseptic, then you should know the rules for preparing a solution for bathing a child. It is best to cook it sequentially. First, dilute potassium permanganate in a glass of water, then strain the resulting saturated solution through gauze folded in several layers. Only after that, the solution can be poured into the bathroom until the water gets a pale pink hue, but pouring manganese crystals directly into the bath is strictly prohibited. To treat the navel of a newborn, use a richer mixture.

Potassium permanganate in the first aid kit:

Potassium permanganate will quickly relieve pain from calluses. To do this, add a little table salt to the potassium permanganate solution, dissolve everything and steam your feet in this liquid for about 20 minutes. After that, the feet need to be wiped and after a while the pain will stop.
Unpleasant dermatitis, manifested by rashes and the appearance of blisters on the skin, is also treated with potassium permanganate. It is necessary to lubricate the affected areas daily with a 10% manganese solution for a week.
Traditional healers recommend using potassium permanganate when running. The healing solution is prepared as follows: for 3 liters of water you need to add a few crystals of manganese, 1 tsp. soda, 1 tbsp. vegetable oil and 200 g of boiled milk. Warm the solution, mix and pour into the bath.
Every night at night it is recommended to take such a bath for 20 minutes, and after 7 days you will get rid of unpleasant hemorrhoids.
Potassium permanganate treats even signs of dysentery. The composition of the therapeutic agent includes several crystals of manganese, diluted in 500 g of water. The concentration of the solution can be increased depending on the age of the patient. For example, infants are given a pale pink solution, and adults are given a raspberry one. You need to take the medicine inside, in parallel with the cleansing enemas.

Contraindications to the use of potassium permanganate is individual intolerance or allergy. To understand this, you need to follow the body's reaction to manganese solutions. Potassium permanganate should be stopped immediately if swelling appears, the mucous membranes in the throat change color, or there is a sharp pain at the next ingestion. Before using this tool, it is still recommended to consult with a local therapist.

Due to its oxidizing effect, potassium permanganate is simply not compatible with the simultaneous use of other easily oxidized substances. Keep the powder bottle away from children and easily oxidized preparations, which, when in contact with manganese crystals, can cause a fire.

The popularity of this ancient remedy has not faded over the years, and the practice of using potassium permanganate is growing. MirSovetov recommends remembering the most important thing, that only if all the rules for handling potassium permanganate are observed, it will be absolutely safe for humans and will have its real beneficial effect.

The active substance in its pure form.

Release form

Powder for preparation of solution for topical and external use. It is packaged in well-closed containers (cans, cans or - if intended for individual use - in small packages).

pharmachologic effect

Deodorizing, antiseptic.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

Potassium permanganate - what is it?

Potassium permanganate or potassium permanganate is potassium permanganate. The drug has the form of a fine powder (crystals) of red or dark purple color with a metallic sheen. The substance dissolves in water in a ratio of 1:18, a weak aqueous solution is pinkish, a concentrated solution is colored dark purple.

Pharmacodynamics

antiseptic . When potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) comes into contact with organic substances, atomic oxygen is formed.

The oxide, which is formed during the restoration of the drug, forms complex compounds with proteins - albuminates . Due to this, potassium permanganate in small concentrations has astringent properties, and in concentrated solutions it exhibits a cauterizing, irritating and tanning effect.

Manifests deodorizing properties . Effective in the treatment of ulcers and burns.

Potassium permanganate has the ability to neutralize certain poisons, and this property is often used in situations where it is necessary to do gastric lavage during food intake. toxic infections and poisoning with unknown substances.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorbed if swallowed, may cause methemoglobinemia (hematotoxic effect).

Indications for the use of potassium permanganate: what is potassium permanganate for?

As antiseptic aqueous solutions with a concentration of about 0.1% are used.

The tool is used to treat burned areas of the body, to wash ulcers and infected wounds, to rinse the oropharynx and throat when infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa and oropharynx (including when sore throat ), as well as for treating the skin in case of contact with it phenylamine (aniline ) and eyes in case of their defeat by poisonous insects.

As an emetic, potassium permanganate is taken orally in case of poisoning with alkaloids (for example, aconitine, morphine or nicotine), quinine, phosphorus, hydrocyanic acid. The optimal concentration of potassium permanganate solution in case of poisoning is 0.02-1%.

With the addition of potassium permanganate, a solution is prepared for bathing a newborn.

Is it possible to wash with a solution of Potassium Permanganate?

Douching with potassium permanganate in gynecology is sometimes used for inflammatory processes and .

Men with thrush and a number of urological diseases recommend washing with potassium permanganate.

Douching at thrush carried out with a solution of slightly pink color (concentration not higher than 0.1%). It should be remembered that such a remedy as potassium permanganate gives a short-term antimicrobial effect (pathogenic flora is destroyed only during the procedure), so it should be used only as an addition to the main treatment.

Crystals of the drug tend to dissolve immediately. In this regard, in order not to provoke a burn of the genital mucosa, the solution for washing / douching is prepared as follows: first, a concentrated (bright crimson) solution is made in a separate bowl, and then it is gradually poured into boiled water.

Potassium permanganate for diarrhea

An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate in folk medicine is often used to treat diarrhea. At adults usually take the drug orally, while children (including infants) often do an enema with potassium permanganate.

With diarrhea, a few crystals of potassium permanganate are dissolved in a glass of water, and then the resulting solution is poured into another container with water. A single dose for an adult is 200 ml, for a child - 100 ml. In some cases, to stop diarrhea, it is enough to drink 1 single dose of the medicine.

Potassium permanganate is a salt of permanganic acid. Its effectiveness in vomiting and diarrhea is due to the high oxidizing ability of the permanganate ion, which provides antiseptic action funds.

Potassium permanganate for hemorrhoids

People who advise how to wash potassium permanganate from the skin also note the effectiveness of a universal detergent, which is prepared from 100 g of soap (baby or household, grated on a fine grater), 100 ml of hot water, baking soda (2-3 tablespoons) and 2-3 drops of essential oil.

Potassium permanganate plus sugar: make a fire with improvised means

To make a fire without matches, you need to take a stick, a flat board, potassium permanganate and sugar. With a stick, potassium permanganate with sugar is strongly rubbed. As a result of a chemical reaction, the mixture ignites spontaneously.

Precautionary measures

Potassium permanganate should not be dissolved and stored in metal containers, since potassium permanganate will interact with them and lose some of its medicinal properties. It is optimal to use glassware for the preparation of aqueous solutions.

If potassium permanganate provoked a burn - what to do?

In case of burns of the oral cavity, esophagus and stomach with a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate, immediately wash the affected stomach, give it a weak solution hydrogen peroxide with vinegar (half a glass of peroxide and 1 glass of table vinegar per 2 liters of water).

What can replace potassium permanganate?

Analogues of potassium permanganate: Ammonia + glycerol + ethanol , , Anmarin , Bactoderm , , Dermato-tar liniment , Zelenka , Caleflon , Katapol , Catacel , Naftalan ointment ,Ethanol , Protol , Hydrogen peroxide , Tambukan mud , , , , Ethol 96% , Zinc salicylic paste , Chaga .

During pregnancy

When allowed only external use of potassium permanganate. Taking a solution of potassium permanganate inside is contraindicated.

Determining pregnancy with potassium permanganate

This method of determining pregnancy belongs to the category of "grandmothers", but many pregnant women claim that it is quite accurate.

A small amount of potassium permanganate powder is diluted in 500 liters of warm water (so that the liquid turns pale pink) and a little urine is added to the resulting solution.

If the liquid brightens, there is no pregnancy, if a precipitate in the form of flakes has fallen to the bottom of the can, there is reason to assume pregnancy.

Designation - Mn (Manganese);
Period - IV;
Group - 7 (VIIb);
Atomic mass - 54.938046;
Atomic number - 25;
Radius of an atom = 127 pm;
Covalent radius = 117 pm;
Electron distribution - 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 2 ;
t melting = 1244°C;
boiling point = 1962°C;
Electronegativity (according to Pauling / according to Alpred and Rochov) = 1.55 / 1.60;
Oxidation state: +7, +6, +5, +4, +3, +2, +1, 0;
Density (n.a.) \u003d 7.21 g / cm 3;
Molar volume = 7.35 cm 3 / mol.

Manganese compounds:

Pyrolusite (manganese mineral) has been known to people since ancient times, it was used by our ancestors to lighten glass obtained by melting. Until 1774, pyrolusite was considered a type of magnetic iron ore. And only in 1774, the Swede K. Scheele guessed that pyrolusite contained a metal unknown to science at that time, after which Yu. Gan obtained metallic manganese by heating pyrolusite in a coal stove. Manganese got its name at the beginning of the 19th century (from the German Manganerz - manganese ore).

Manganese occupies the 14th place among all chemical elements in terms of abundance in the earth's crust. Most manganese is found in basic rocks. Independent deposits of manganese are extremely rare; more often this metal accompanies iron in many of its ores. Quite a lot of manganese is contained in iron-manganese nodules located in the bottom of the oceans.

Minerals rich in manganese:

pyrolusite - MnO 2 n H2O
manganite - MnO(OH)
manganese spar - MnCO 3
brownite - 3Mn 2 O 3 MnSiO 3

Rice. The structure of the manganese atom.

The electronic configuration of the manganese atom is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 3d 5 4s 2 (see Electronic structure of atoms). In the formation of chemical bonds with other elements, 2 electrons located at the outer 4s level + 5 electrons of the 3d sublevel (7 electrons in total) can participate, therefore manganese can take oxidation states from +7 to +1 in compounds (the most common are +7 , +2). Manganese is a reactive metal. Similar to aluminum at room temperature, it reacts with oxygen contained in atmospheric air to form a strong protective oxide film, which prevents further oxidation of the metal.

Physical properties of manganese:

silver-white metal;
solid;
fragile at n. y.

Four modifications of manganese are known: α-form; β-form; γ form; δ-form.

Up to 710°C, the α-form is stable, which, upon further heating, successively passes through all modifications to the δ-form (1137°C).

Chemical properties of manganese

manganese (powder) easily reacts with oxygen, forming oxides, the type of which depends on the reaction temperature:
- 450°C - MnO 2 ;
- 600°C - Mn 2 O 3 ;
- 950°C - Mn 3 O 4 ;
- 1300°C - MnO.
finely divided manganese, when heated, reacts with water to release hydrogen:
Mn + 2H 2 O \u003d Mn (OH) 2 + H 2;
manganese (powder) when heated, reacts with nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus:
Mn + S = MnS;
actively reacts with dilute hydrochloric and sulfuric acids with the release of hydrogen:
Mn + 2HCl \u003d MnCl 2 + H 2;
reacts with dilute nitric acid:
3Mn + 8HNO 3 \u003d 3Mn (NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2 O.

The use and production of manganese

Obtaining manganese:

pure manganese is obtained by electrolysis of aqueous solutions of MnSO 4 with the addition of (NH 4) 2 SO 4 at pH=8-8.5: anode - lead; cathode - stainless steel (manganese flakes are removed from the cathodes);
less pure manganese is obtained from its oxides by metallothermic methods:
- aluminothermy:
  4Al + 3MnO 2 = 3Mn + 2Al 2 O 3;
- siliconthermia:
  Si + MnO 2 \u003d Mn + SiO 2.

Application of manganese:

in metallurgy, manganese is used to bind sulfur and oxygen:
Mn + S = MnS; 2Mn + O 2 \u003d 2MnO;
as an alloying additive in the smelting of various alloys (manganese gives corrosion resistance, toughness, hardness):
- manganin- an alloy of manganese with copper and nickel;
- ferromanganese- an alloy of manganese with iron;
- manganese bronze- an alloy of manganese with copper.
Potassium permanganate has long been used as an antiseptic agent that acts only on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes.

The biological role of manganese:

Manganese is one of the ten "metals of life" necessary for the normal functioning of animal and plant cells.

The body of an adult contains about 12 mg of manganese, which is involved in the formation of protein complexes, and is also part of some nucleic acids, amino acids, enzymes (arginase and cholinesterase).

Manganese, along with magnesium, is involved in the activation of ATP hydrolysis, thereby ensuring the energy vitality of a living cell.

Manganese ions are involved in the activation of nuclease - this enzyme is necessary for the decomposition of nucleic acids to nucleotides.