Profession electrician servicing substations. Labor safety of an electrician servicing transformer substations and distribution points
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Work at transformer substations and distribution points is subject to increased occupational safety requirements. Even before the appointment independent work electrician needs training safe methods labor, introductory briefing on labor safety, initial briefing at the workplace, initial testing of knowledge of safety regulations, technical regulations, and instructions to the extent necessary for a given profession, duplication over several shifts under the guidance of an experienced mentor. And only after completing all stages of training can an electrician begin independent work.
While working, an electrician servicing transformer substations and distribution points must undergo repeated instructions (at least once a month), special training(at least once a month), control emergency training (at least once every 3 months), control fire training (at least once every six months), periodic testing of knowledge of PTB, PTE, rules fire safety and instructions (once a year), as well as medical checkup- 1 time every 2 years.
Great importance is attached to equipment. This special clothing and shoes, a safety helmet, a gas mask, a protective mask or goggles, and, if necessary, a safety assembly belt. Special conversation about tools. They must be in good working order and in their places.
Tools with insulating handles are subject to periodic electrical tests during operation. Protective products must be tested and stamped with an expiration date. An electrician must remember that his life depends on the serviceability of instruments and tools, special clothing and accessories.
The site workshop is a permanent workplace electrician Here you need to maintain order, everything should have its place. Before starting work, it is necessary to remove unnecessary objects, adjust local lighting so that the work area is sufficiently illuminated, but at the same time, the light does not blind the eyes.
The main work that is carried out at the transformer substation is periodic and extraordinary inspections. Most of the preventive maintenance and repair work on transformer substations and distribution points is carried out with the electrical equipment disconnected.
These works require careful preparation of the workplace, during which organizational and technical measures must be taken to ensure the safe performance of work. To do this, the master draws up an outfit with an appointment responsible persons for safe performance of work. Depending on the electrical installation experience and complexity of the circuit, the electrician may be appointed as a permitter, a work supervisor, or a member of the team.
The person allowing or performing the work, having received from the foreman an order or a verbal order with signs to the team with the content of the work, depending on which the necessary protective clothing is selected, protective equipment, tools, devices and materials. Having prepared everything necessary, the team goes to the work site.
Upon arrival at the site, the team receives permission to prepare the workplace and access from the duty officer. Under no circumstances should such permission be given in advance. Permission to prepare the workplace and for admission is issued in the work order. The preparation of the workplace is carried out by the permitter together with the work producer.
Fuses should be removed and installed when relieved tension, but if circumstances do not allow this, then it is necessary to use insulating pliers, a barbell with gloves and safety glasses. After the switching equipment is turned off, it is necessary to take measures to prevent it from turning on spontaneously, i.e. load switches and manual drives are locked when turned off.
So, the tension is relieved and you can get to work? No. You need to check the functionality using special devices or live parts that are known to be energized, and then use it to once again verify that there is no voltage.
In electrical installations with voltages over 1000 V, it is necessary to use a voltage indicator while wearing dielectric gloves. In electrical installations over 1000 V, one worker from the duty or operational duty personnel with is allowed to check the absence of voltage, and in electrical installations up to 1000 V with group 3. Here, to check the absence of voltage, you can use a two-pole phase and line voltage indicator.
The electrical installation is grounded by turning on grounding blades or installing portable grounding connections. They are first connected to a grounding device, and then, after checking that there is no voltage, they are installed on live parts.
In electrical installations over 1000 V, grounding is installed by two workers - one with the 4th electrical safety group from among the operating personnel, the other with the 3rd electrical safety group. The use of dielectric gloves and an insulating rod is mandatory! Portable grounding clamps should be secured using a rod or directly with hands wearing dielectric gloves.
They are hung at prepared workplaces. Live parts that remain energized are fenced off and “Stop. Voltage” posters are posted.
So, the preparation of the workplace is completed. The initial admission of the team according to orders and orders must be carried out directly here at the workplace. In this case, the person admitting is obliged to check the compliance of the crew with the one specified in the work order using their personal identification cards, prove to the crew that there is no voltage by showing the grounding connections or checking that there is no voltage and then touching the live parts with his hand if the groundings are not visible from the workplace, provide targeted instructions to the work foreman, the supervisor and the members brigade, providing instructions for the safe performance of specific work.
The work manager, for his part, must also provide targeted training to team members. Without carrying out targeted instruction and registering him in the work order upon initial admission, admission to work is prohibited. The permit is issued by the permitter and the work manufacturer in a work order indicating the date and time. After admission, supervision of the team’s compliance with safety requirements is assigned to the work contractor. He must supervise the team and, if possible, be located in the area of the workplace where the most dangerous work is carried out.
After complete completion of the work, the work foreman must remove the team from the workplace, including removing the installed fences, posters, and groundings. The complete completion of the work is documented in a work order. After this, you should inform the employee who issued the permit for preparation of the workplace and for admission to complete completion work to enable the electrical installation to be turned on.
The electrical installation is switched on by a person from among the operational and maintenance personnel included in the team. This may be the permitter or the work producer. After this, you need to arrive at the control room and hand in the work order, and at the end of the working day, put the workshop and overalls in order.
Section ``Operation of equipment of power plants and networks, servicing energy consumers`` Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated March 12, 1999 N 5 Section ``Operation of equipment of power plants and networks, servicing energy consumers`` Section ``Repair of equipment of power plants and networks`` Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated 03.10.2005 N 614 Tariff and qualification characteristics of workers’ professions nuclear power plants ((ETKS No. 9-2))
§ 50. Electrician for repair of windings and insulation (6th category)
electrical equipment
6th category
Characteristics of the work. Identification of defects, determination of the scope and performance of work on the repair of windings and insulation of power transformers with voltages of 500 kV and above, starting and current-limiting reactors with air and oil cooling. Manufacturing according to drawings and calculation notes of windings and insulation of complex structures and windings with multi-parallel conductor branches, with voltage adjustment under load. Winding and insulating work for partial rewinding of windings of electrical machines of all powers and voltages for all classes of windings. Repair of windings and insulation of turbogenerators with all types of artificial cooling of windings and active steel.
Must know: winding and insulation designs of power, measuring, test and other transformers special purpose and electrical machines of permanent and alternating current any power; reasons for insulation aging; reading drawings, diagrams and calculation notes for windings used in transformers and electrical machines; execution of insulation by class; work methods and sequence of operations when repairing windings and insulation with partial or complete rewinding of windings and coils.
Work examples
1. Autotransformers with voltages from 350 kV and above, with a power of more than 200,000 kVA. Winding of high voltage windings.
2. Windings of turbine generator rotors - drying using the ventilation loss method.
3. Continuous spiral coil windings made of rectangular wire for power transformers and autotransformers for voltages above 330 kV - winding winding.
4. Stator windings of asynchronous electric motors with a power of 8000 kW and above - dismantling and installation of a new two-layer basket-type winding.
5. Rotors of turbogenerators with a power of 200 thousand kW and above - partial rewinding of the winding.
6. Connecting reactors for TRDM 35000/15 transformers - production of new windings.
7. Stators of turbogenerators 300 thousand kW - elimination of short circuit to the winding housing in the groove part.
8. Stators of turbogenerators 500 thousand kW and above - partial repair of the winding with replacement of part of the rods.
Unified Tariff and Qualification Directory of Works and Professions of Workers (UTKS), 2019
Issue No. 9. Works and professions of electric power industry workers ETKS
The release was approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Labor and social development Russian Federation dated March 12, 1999 N 5
(As amended by Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2005 N 614)
Substation maintenance electrician
§ 50. Electrician for maintenance of substations of the 3rd category
Characteristics of work. Maintenance of 35 kV substation equipment of III degree of complexity. Providing the established mode for voltage, load, temperature and other parameters. Carrying out regime operational switching in switchgears of substations. Preparation of jobs. Admission of workers to work, supervision of their work. Acceptance of jobs during liquidation emergency situations. Inspection of substation equipment. Carrying out small-scale and short-term work to eliminate faults on switchboards and assemblies for own needs, in drives of switching devices, in secondary switching circuits of closed and open switchgears of substations. Determination of battery parameters. Troubleshooting lighting networks and fittings with changing lamps and fuses.
Must know: purpose and design of the equipment being serviced; primary connection diagrams; auxiliary networks, operating current and electromagnetic blocking; purpose and coverage areas of relay protection and automation; purpose of telemechanics devices; testing periods for protective equipment and devices used at substations; types of communications installed at substations, rules for their use; basics of electrical engineering.
When servicing equipment of substations with voltages of 35, 110, 154 kV of the II degree of complexity -
4th category;
when servicing equipment of substations with voltages of 35, 110, 154 kV of the 1st degree of complexity and 220 kV of the 2nd degree of complexity -
5th category;
when servicing equipment of substations with a voltage of 220 kV of the first degree of complexity, substations with a voltage of 330 kV and DC substations with a voltage of 400 kV -
6th category;
when servicing equipment of AC substations with voltages of 400, 500 kV and DC substations with voltages of 800 kV -
7th category;
when servicing equipment of AC substations with voltages of 750 kV and above and DC substations with voltages above 800 kV -
8th category.
Average required professional education for assigning 7 - 8 digits.