Constant signs of an adjective 3. Constant and unstable signs of an adjective

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge

Target: Introduce the categories
adjectives.

Tasks:

• teach to highlight features
  qualitative, relative and possessive
  adjectives in their comparison.
• learn to work independently with a textbook,
  present new information to the team.
• develop the ability to use correctly
  adjectives in texts - descriptions.
• develop self-control skills
• develop in students cognitive interest,
  speech, through related answers to questions, memory,
  attention, develop the ability to find names
  adjectives in the text, determine their role in
  works of fiction.
• develop such moral qualities as
  accuracy; desire for knowledge, interest in
  learning the Russian language, careful attitude towards
  to the surrounding world.

During the classes

1. Self-determination for activity.

Let's smile at each other, friends,
We will give smiles to our guests!
Are you ready for the lesson? Then - let's get to work!
Good luck to all of you!

2. Updating knowledge and recording
difficulties in activity.

- Attention! Wanted! The word is missing! Special
signs: responds to what questions? whose?; easily
adapts to any subject. What word
wanted? (Adjective.)

- How did you guess? (Answers the questions which?
whose?; agrees with the noun.)

– The properties you named are common to everyone
adjectives. Now look at the screen.

Choose any item and describe it using
only adjectives.

Students' responses are listened to.

– Have you noticed that adjectives
characterize the subject differently? Alone
indicate the qualities of an object according to taste, others -
by color, third by appearance etc. Means,
except common features by which names
adjectives differ from words of other parts
speech, there are signs by which some
adjectives are different from others.

3. Statement of the educational task.

– What do you think we are talking about?

That's what we'll talk about today. What theme
lesson?

Write down the date on the route sheet (Appendix 1)
and the topic of the lesson: “Morphological features of the name
adjective Qualitative, relative and
possessive adjectives.”

– Set a goal for your activities in the lesson.

• Learn to distinguish between different adjectives
  discharges.
• Be able to prove the ownership of names
  adjectives for this category.
• Use adjectives correctly in
  text.

– I invite you to seek knowledge at the linguistic
laboratory. Who knows what a laboratory is?
(Laboratory is an institution for conducting
scientific and technical experiments, research).

4. Construction of a project for getting out of the difficulty.

1) Creation of a problematic situation. Organization
research. Presentation of results

1. The teacher's word. When a scientist begins to
work, he carefully studies the literature on
topic of interest to him. I invite you to
research. You will find the right one for your
research material in the textbook. Work
You will be in groups.

Exercise: Each group prepares
a story about one of the categories of adjectives as
presenting research results to others
groups, build your answer according to the plan on the slide; data
for the answer, enter in the tables (they are on your
tables); examples can be taken from theoretical
material on pages 101 – 102, sheets – assistant
(Appendix 2).

2) Determining the topic and purpose of the group
research

Teacher: So, the topic of the study:

• 1st group – qualitative adjectives;
• 2nd group – relative adjectives;
• Group 3 – possessive adjectives.

3) Speeches by group representatives
students about the results of the search work

The data of all groups is entered by everyone into
individual tables.

4) Search for similarities and differences between
adjectives of different categories

– Find similarities and differences in the categories of names
adjectives.

– Are all characteristics required for quality
adjectives?

5) Drawing up a reasoning algorithm for
adjective definitions

– Let’s try to create an algorithm of actions with
for the purpose of determining the category of adjectives.

1) If combined with the word very, you can
choosing an antonym means quality.

2) If it answers whose question? and belongs
to someone, it means possessive.

3) If neither one nor the other is suitable, but there is
suffixes –an, -yan, -sk, which means relative.

5. Primary consolidation.

1) Oral training

Iced tea, glass ball, grandma's scarf

6. Independent work with self-test
standard.

Reinforcement to improve a skill
determining the category of adjectives, skills
prove their belonging to this category,
use them in speech.

Exercise 833, page 102. Write down four at a time
phrases for each group.

• 1st – only high quality
• 2nd – only relative
• 3rd – possessive

Based on fragments from the cartoon, compose
small text using names
adjectives of different categories.

In the course of studying morphology, students at each school level have to study parts of speech. Children learn about constant and fickle behavior already in the fifth grade. We will analyze their features in detail.

Adjective

This group of parts of speech is colorful and elegant. Not a single text can do without it, even if it is of scientific content. Adjectives help us describe size (long, big, tiny), tell about someone's appearance (cute, red-haired), indicate colors (white, yellow-blue, purple), reveal feelings (sad, happy, angry).

In its initial form it is used in the Basic questions to which it answers: Which? whose? It is in this version that you can find the word you are looking for in a spelling or explanatory dictionary.

In Russian there is the concept of “constant and non-permanent signs”. It means that any part of speech has a set of certain qualities and characteristics that need to be studied. And the adjective in this case is no exception.

Constant signs

Any competent student knows that everyone has their own characteristics.

The constant and inconstant signs of an adjective are quite difficult to study.

The first are categories. They are usually divided into three groups.

They differ from other categories in that they can form short forms by truncating the ending.

For example: great - great, constant - constant, light - light.

Another special difference is the ability to compare one quality with another. In linguistics this is called degree of comparison.

For example: cool - cooler (cooler) - coolest (coolest).

These features distinguish quality adjectives from all others. No other category has so many possibilities.

Remember, if you are in doubt, this is a permanent and non-permanent sign of an adjective, remember that only the ranks are classified as the former.

The next group differs from the others in a question. Only can answer the question " whose?" This category denotes belonging to an animal or person.

For example: wolf trail, shark eye.

The last group is relative adjectives. They tell you what time or place the word refers to. For example: spring drops (season), swimming pool (destination), forest coolness (place).

Variable signs

All characteristics that can change under the influence of something are called unstable. Unlike discharges, these may deviate from the initial version.

It is necessary to distinguish between constant and unstable signs of an adjective.

The first thing that needs to be named is the genus. All of them (male, neuter and female) are also inherent in the adjective.

For example: wall - dark - water.

Next is the number. This part of speech is used both in the singular and in the plural: any - different.

And, of course, the adjective changes in all cases. In this it is similar to a noun.

The signs of adjectives (constant and inconstant) indicate during His plan we will indicate below in the article.

Role in sentence

Constant and inconstant signs of an adjective are studied in great detail in Russian language lessons.

In addition, all its possible syntactic functions are examined in detail.

Since it answers the question “which?”, it usually plays the role of a definition in a sentence.

For example: Warm summer evening We will remember it for a long time.

In the case when the adjective takes on the function of action, it will be a predicate.

For example: The dress was colorful.

Sometimes in the Russian language a phenomenon occurs such as the transition of one part of speech to another. For example, the word "dining room" used to be an adjective. Now it is more often used as a noun, because in nominative case plays the role of the subject, and in indirect ones - the complement.

Sample parsing

Before showing an example, it is necessary to develop a small plan that will help you not get confused by the signs.

• Initial form and question.
• Grammatical features.
• Constant and inconstant sign of an adjective.
• Role in a sentence.

Example: There are guests in a cozy house.

• Cozy is an adjective (what?).
• Sign.
• High quality.
• Masculine gender, prepositional case, singular, complete form, positive degree.
• Function - definition.

Now you can easily perform the analysis yourself. Be careful, adjectives are often confused with participles.

Morphological features of an adjective

Classes of adjectives by meaning

Complete and short adjectives

Degrees of comparison of adjectives (only for qualitative adjectives)

Declension of adjectives (hard, soft, mixed)

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Adjective

An adjective is an independent significant part of speech that combines words that

1) indicate a non-procedural feature of the subject and answer questions Which?, whose?;

2) change according to gender, number and cases, and some - according to completeness/brevity and degrees of comparison;

3) in a sentence they are definitions or the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate.

Classes of adjectives by meaning

There are three categories of adjectives according to their meaning: qualitative, relative, possessive.

Quality adjectives denote quality, property of an object: its size ( big), shape ( round), color ( blue), physical characteristics ( cold), as well as the propensity of the subject to perform an action ( talkative).

Relative adjectives denote the attribute of an object through the relationship of this object to another object ( book), action ( reading) or other sign ( yesterday's). Relative adjectives are formed from nouns, verbs and adverbs; The most common suffixes for relative adjectives are the suffixes - n- (forest), -ov- (hedgehog), -in- (poplar-in-y), -sk- (warehouse), -l- (fluent).

Possessives adjectives denote that an object belongs to a person or animal and are formed from nouns by suffixes - in- (mom-in), -ov- (father-ov), -th- (fox). These suffixes come at the end of the adjective stem (cf. possessive adjective fathers and relative adjective paternal).

Qualitative adjectives differ from relative and possessive adjectives at all linguistic levels:

1) only qualitative adjectives denote a characteristic that can manifest itself to a greater or lesser extent;

2) qualitative adjectives can have antonyms ( deep - shallow);

3) only qualitative adjectives can be non-derivative, relative and possessive are always derived from nouns, adjectives, verbs;

4) qualitative adjectives form nouns with the meaning of an abstract attribute ( strictness) and adverbs ending in - O(strictly), as well as adjectives with a subjective assessment suffix ( blue, angry);

5) only qualitative adjectives have a full/short form and degrees of comparison;

6) qualitative adjectives are combined with adverbs of measure and degree ( very big, but not * very readable).

Thus, we see that qualitative adjectives are grammatically opposed to relative and possessive adjectives, which, in turn, are grammatically very similar. The difference between relative and possessive adjectives is manifested only in the type of their declension (see declension of adjectives), which gives grounds for many researchers to combine them into one group of relative adjectives, into which, with the consistent grammatical separation of parts of speech, also ordinal numerals and pronominal adjectives fall.

Declension of adjectives

Adjectives of all categories have inconstant features sort of(singular) numbers And case, in which they agree with the noun. Adjectives also agree with the noun in animation if the noun is in the V. p form. plural, and for the masculine gender - the singular (cf.: I see beautiful shoes And I see beautiful girls) - see animate noun.

Changing an adjective by gender, number and case is called declension of adjectives.

Quality And relative adjectives are declined equally. This type of declension is called adjectival.

In the Russian language there are indeclinable adjectives that mean:

1) colors: beige, khaki, marengo, electric;

2) nationalities and languages: Khanty, Mansi, Urdu;

3) clothing styles: pleated, corrugated, flared, mini.

Fixed adjectives are also words (weight) gross, net, (hour) peak.

Degrees of comparison adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have an inconsistent morphological feature of degrees of comparison.

School grammar indicates that there are two degrees of comparison - comparative and superlative. It is more correct to distinguish three degrees of comparison - positive, comparative and superlative. The positive degree of comparison is the initial form of the adjective, in relation to which we recognize other forms as expressing greater/lesser or greatest/smallest degrees of the attribute.

comparative adjective indicates that the characteristic is manifested to a greater / lesser extent in this object compared to another object ( Petya is taller than Vasya; This river is deeper than the other) or the same item in other circumstances ( Petya is taller than he was last year; The river is deeper in this place than in that one).

The comparative degree can be simple or compound.

Simple comparative degree denotes a greater degree of manifestation of the characteristic and is formed as follows:

positive degree stem + formative suffixes -ee(s), -e, -she/-zhe (faster, higher, earlier, deeper).

If at the end of a stem of a positive degree there is an element To /OK, this segment is often truncated: deep - deep.

Some adjectives have suppletive forms, that is, formed from another base: bad is worse, good is better.

When forming a simple comparative degree, a prefix can be added By- (newer). Simple comparative degree with prefix By- is used if the adjective takes the position of an inconsistent definition ( Give me a newer newspaper) and does not require introducing into the sentence what this feature is being compared with. If there is in a sentence both what is being compared and what is being compared with, the prefix By- adds a conversational tone ( These boots are newer than those).

Morphological characteristics simple comparative degree uncharacteristic of an adjective. This

1) immutability,

2) the ability to control a noun,

3) use primarily as a predicate ( He is taller than his father). A simple comparative degree can occupy a position of definition only in a separate position ( Much taller than the other students, he seemed almost an adult) or in a non-separated position with an attachment By- in position after a noun ( Buy me some fresh newspapers).

Compound comparative degree denotes both a greater and lesser degree of manifestation of a characteristic and is formed as follows:

element more/less + positive degree ( more/less high).

The difference between a compound comparative degree and a simple one is as follows:

1) the compound comparative degree is broader in meaning, since it denotes not only a greater, but also a lesser degree of manifestation of a characteristic;

2) the compound comparative degree changes in the same way as the positive degree of comparison (original form), i.e. according to gender, number and cases, and can also be in a short form ( more beautiful);

3) a compound comparative degree can be either a predicate or a non-isolated and isolated definition ( A less interesting article was presented in this journal. This article is less interesting than the previous one.)

Superlative comparison indicates the greatest/smallest degree of manifestation of the trait ( highest mountain) or to a very large/small degree of manifestation of the trait ( kindest person).

The superlative degree of comparison, like the comparative, can be simple or compound.

Simple superlative The adjective of comparison denotes the greatest degree of manifestation of the characteristic and is formed as follows:

positive degree basis + formative suffixes -eysh- / -aysh-(after k, g, x, causing alternation): good, Supreme

When forming a simple superlative degree of comparison, the prefix can be used nai-: kindest.

The morphological features of the simple superlative degree of comparison of adjectives are the same as those of the positive degree, i.e., variability by gender, number, case, use of the attribute and predicate in the syntactic function. Unlike the positive degree, the simple superlative degree of comparison of an adjective does not have a short form.

Compound superlative comparison of adjectives denotes both the greatest and the least degree of manifestation of a characteristic and is formed in three ways:

1) element the most + positive degree ( the cleverest);

2) element most/least+ positive degree ( most/least smart);

3) simple comparative degree + element total/everyone (He was smarter than everyone).

The forms of the compound superlative degree, formed by the first and second methods, have morphological features characteristic of the positive degree, i.e. they change according to gender, number and cases, and can have a short form ( most convenient), act both as a definition and as a nominal part of the predicate. Forms of the compound superlative degree, formed in the third way, are unchangeable and act primarily as the nominal part of the predicate.

Not all qualitative adjectives have forms of degrees of comparison, and the absence simple shapes degrees of comparison are observed more often than the absence of compound forms.

The absence of simple comparative and superlative degrees may be due to

1) with the formal structure of the adjective: if the adjective contains a suffix that matches the suffixes of relative adjectives, it may not have a simple comparative degree ( emaciated - * emaciated, * emaciated, advanced - * more advanced);

2) with the lexical meaning of the adjective: the meaning of the degree of manifestation of the attribute can already be expressed at the base of the adjective - in its root ( barefoot - *barefoot) or in the suffix ( fat-en-y - *thicker, angrier-y - *angry, whitish-y - *whitish, blue-yush-y - *blue-ish).

Compound forms of degrees of comparison are not formed only in words with a semantic limitation, i.e. in the second case. Yes, no forms *more feisty, *less whitish, but there are forms less emaciated, more advanced.

Completeness/brevity of adjectives

Qualitative adjectives have a full and a short form

The short form is formed by adding positive degree endings to the stem: for the masculine gender, - A for women, - o/e for average, - s/s for plural ( deep-, deep-a, deep-o, deep-i).

A short form is not formed from qualitative adjectives, which

1) have suffixes characteristic of relative adjectives - sk-, -ov-/-ev-, -n-: brown, coffee, brotherly;

2) indicate the colors of animals: brown, black;

3) have suffixes of subjective assessment: tall, blue.

The short form has grammatical differences from the full form: it does not change according to cases, in a sentence it appears primarily as a nominal part of the predicate (cases like beautiful girl, white flammable stone are phraseologically archaic); the short form acts as a definition only in a separate syntactic position ( Angry at the whole world, he almost stopped leaving the house).

In the position of the predicate, the meaning of the full and short forms usually coincides, but for some adjectives the following semantic differences are possible between them:

1) the short form denotes excessive manifestation of a trait with a negative assessment, cf.: short skirt - short skirt;

2) the short form denotes a temporary sign, the long form - permanent, cf.: the child is sick - the child is sick.

There are such qualitative adjectives that have only a short form: glad, much, obliged.

Transition of adjectives from category to category

It is possible for an adjective to have several meanings belonging to different categories. In school grammar this is called “the transition of an adjective from category to category.” Thus, a relative adjective can develop a meaning characteristic of qualitative ones (for example: iron part(relative) - iron will(qual.) - metaphorical transfer). Possessives may have meanings characteristic of relative and qualitative (for example: Foxy burrow(possessive) - fox hat(relative) - foxiness(quality). Qualitative adjectives, used terminologically, function as relative ( voiceless consonants). In this case, the adjective retains the type of its declension, but the morphological features often change: qualitative ones lose degrees of comparison and short form (for example, it is impossible to say * This consonant is deaf), and relative ones, on the contrary, can acquire these characteristics ( With every word his voice became more and more honeyed, and his habits became more and more foxy.).

Morphological analysis of the adjective

Morphological analysis of the adjective is carried out as follows: scheme:

1. Adjective. Initial form.

2. Morphological characteristics:

a) constant:

Rank by value

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);

b) non-permanent:

Degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Full/short form (for quality ones, for which this sign is not constant),

Genus (singular number),

Case (for complete ones).

Pronoun as part of speech

A pronoun is an independent non-nominal part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun is a substitute for in the text.

Pronouns are classified according to meaning and grammatical characteristics.

Places of pronouns by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns according to their meaning:

1. Personal: . Personal pronouns indicate participants in the dialogue ( me, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects ( he, she, it, they).

2. Returnable: myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of the person or thing named by the subject with the person or thing named by the word myself (He won't hurt himself. Hopes were not justified).

3. Possessives: my, yours, yours, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs. Possessive pronouns indicate that an object belongs to a person or another object ( This is my briefcase. Its size is very convenient).

4. Index fingers: this, that, such, such, so much, this(obsolete), this one(obsolete). These pronouns indicate the attribute or quantity of objects.

5. Definitive: himself, most, all, every, every, any, other, different, everyone(obsolete), all kinds(obsolete). Determinative pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.

6. Interrogative: who, what, which, which, whose, how many. Interrogative pronouns serve as special question words and indicate persons, objects, characteristics and quantity.

7. Relative: the same as interrogatives, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence (conjunctive words).

8. Negative: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one's. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.

9. Undefined: someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns with the prefix some- or suffixes - That, -or, -someday.

Classifications of pronouns according to grammatical features

According to their grammatical characteristics, pronouns correlate with nouns, adjectives and numerals. Pronominal nouns indicate a person or object, pronominal adjectives indicate the attribute of an object, pronominal numerals indicate quantity.

TO pronouns-nouns include: all personal pronouns, reflexive myself Who And Whatnobody, nothing, nobody, nothing, somebody, something, someone and etc.).

TO pronouns-adjectives include all possessives, all attributives, demonstratives this, that, such, such, this, that, interrogative-relative which, which, whose and the negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no, no one's, some, some, some and etc.).

TO numeral pronouns pronouns include so many, How many and those formed from them ( a few, some and etc.).

Pronouns also include pronouns-adverbs, i.e. words that indicate a sign of action ( where, when, there, for some reason and etc.). These pronouns complement the categories of attributives ( everywhere, always), index ( So, there), interrogative, relative ( where, why), undefined ( somewhere, ever) and negative ( nowhere, never) pronouns.

On the one hand, there is a basis for such a unification of all pronominal words: indeed, the pronoun as a part of speech does not have grammatical unity and is isolated on the basis of its referential function: pronominal words do not name objects, signs, quantities, circumstances, but point to them, referring us or to extra-linguistic reality, speech situation (pronoun I names the one who is currently speaking, phrase Give methat book can be understood by pointing with the hand at a specific book), or to the preceding or subsequent text ( Here's the table.He (=table) wooden. Human,which (=person) I need, he didn’t come- reference to previous context . I want to talk aboutvolume that I won't come- reference to subsequent context).

On the other hand, there is an established linguistic tradition to classify as a pronoun as a part of speech only those pronominal words that are used “instead of a name,” that is, instead of a noun, adjective or numeral. It is this tradition that we adhere to in our description. We describe pronominal adverbs as a non-nominal category of adverbs (see adverb).

Grammatical features of pronouns-nouns

Pronominal nouns include the following pronouns: personal I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they, return myself, interrogative-relative Who And What and the negative and indefinite ones formed from them ( no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, something, someone, something, anything and etc.).

These pronouns have grammatical features similar to the grammatical features of nouns, but they also have certain differences from significant nouns. You can ask them questions Who? or What?, in a sentence these words act primarily as subjects or objects.

Let's consider the morphological features of pronouns-nouns.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces:

1st person: me, we;

2nd person: you you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

The morphological feature of the person of pronouns is expressed extra-verbally - by the personal endings of the verb in the present or future tense of the indicative mood and forms of the imperative mood of the verb, i.e. those verbal forms that have the morphological feature of the person:

1st person: I'm going, we're going;

2nd person: you go-eat, go-e-, you go, go;

3rd person: he, she, it goes, let it go, they go, let it go.

For other pronouns-nouns, as well as for all significant nouns, it is not customary to determine the person.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers. There are only one personal pronoun ( me, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they) numbers. When listing personal pronouns, all three complexes result in these eight words, from which we can conclude that each of the eight personal pronouns is an independent word. However, there are disagreements regarding the interpretation of the sign of number in complexes. In complex 1, nothing is said about the change of personal pronouns by number, however, in terms of morphological analysis of the pronoun, number is placed in non-constant features. Complex 2 says that personal pronouns “are singular. and many more numbers." Complex 3 states that 1st and 2nd person pronouns do not change by number (i.e. I And We- different words), and 3rd person pronouns change (i.e. He And They- these are forms of one word).

In linguistics, it is usually believed that number is a constant feature of pronouns-nouns, i.e. pronouns I And We, You And You, He, she, it And They- different words. This is due to the fact that between the words I And We, You And You there is no normal ratio for changes in number “one object - many objects, each of which is called a singular form”, i.e. it cannot be said that We- it's a lot I, because the We- This I(speaker) and someone else.

Thus, we will describe personal pronouns as words with a constant singular or plural sign.

Pronouns-nouns have a constant feature sort of. This question, like the question about number, in school textbooks dimly lit. On the one hand, as already mentioned, the list of personal pronouns contains 8 words, i.e. the words He, she And it are considered in different words. On the other hand, 3rd person pronouns change according to gender. The gender of the remaining personal pronouns is not stated.

We will proceed from the following provisions. All personal pronouns have a constant gender marker, which, like significant nouns, is expressed non-verbally.

Pronouns I And You general kind: I, you came- - I, you came.

Pronoun He male: he came-.

Pronoun she female: she came.

Pronoun it neuter: it came.

Plural pronouns We, You, They not characterized by genus.

We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their V. p. coincides with R. p. ( no you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change according to cases, i.e. bow down. Personal pronouns are declined in a special way, and the forms of their indirect cases are formed from another stem (so-called suppletivism):

In indirect cases with a preposition, 3rd person is added to pronouns n: from him, to them, from her. Addition does not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, despite and etc.: thanks to her, according to him.

Returnable pronoun-noun myself has no gender or number. It is inflected in the same way as a personal pronoun You, except that the pronoun myself does not have the form I. p.

Interrogative-relative pronouns Who And What in school textbooks are not characterized in terms of gender and number, however, it can be noted that the pronoun Who masculine singular ( who's come- , but not * who came or * who came), and the pronoun What- neuter singular ( what happened).

Derived from pronouns Who And What negative And uncertain pronouns have the same characteristics as pronouns Who And What. Features of indefinite pronouns someone And something is that someone has the form only I. p., and something- I. p. and V. p. A negative pronouns no one And nothing, on the contrary, do not have the form I. p.

Grade 6 Lesson topic: Morphological features of an adjective. Objectives: repeat what is known about the adjective; identify morphological features, show the role of adjectives in sentences; develop the ability to find adjectives in the text, determine their role in works of fiction; cultivate culture mental work, instill a love for native nature, broaden your horizons. Equipment. Works of fiction (excerpts); Paintings about the forest in different time of the year. Lesson progress I. Organizational moment P. Language warm-up. Recording a proposal. On Sundays in autumn, summer, winter, and spring, we make our way into the depths of the thicket and come to a small clearing. Define lexical meaning the words “thicket” Why do you think we are making our way into the depths of the forest? (admire, observe) What is the forest like in autumn, summer, and winter? (Pictures are hung up. 1, 2, 3) We make a sign “Forest autumn, summer, winter” Autumn, Summer, Winter Crimson Golden Dull Transparent Thoughtful Green Lush Sunny Rich Fragrant White Blue Silver Magnificent Fluffy Snowy Emerald Ruddy Light Green Herbaceous - Name the common ones adjectives , which denote a characteristic of an object, and adjectives that help to more vividly, colorfully and expressively describe the object, (forest) Golden, dull, magnificent, fluffy, farewell, thoughtful This is no longer just an adjective, but an artistic figurative definition called epithet. - What is an epithet? (Fine means of expression , used in works of art to create an image...) In the “Dictionary of Epithets of the Russian Literary Language” by K.S. Gorbachevich and E.P. For the word forest, Hablo gave more than 100 epithets characterizing the forest. Physical exercise. (1st row - autumn forest, 2nd row - spring, 3rd row - winter) Now I will name adjectives, and you, if you think that the named adjective corresponds to the description of your forest, stand up. Luxurious, lush, rich, regal, amazing, incomparable, delightful, magical, wonderful, wonderful, wondrous, fabulous, incomparable, divine, golden, curly, shaggy, naked, undressed, gray-haired, silvery (mouth), silent, thoughtful, enchanted , ringing, silent, wary, dumb, sad, sleepy... Thus, an epithet is the most apt, freshest, most necessary, “illuminating” word that a writer chooses when depicting an object already known to us. Conclusion. Adjectives, both ordinary and epithets, decorate our speech, concretize it, make it rich, rich, bright, figurative, artistically expressive IV. Formulating the topic of the lesson. The following parts of the word are written on the board: -I with L Yan L sk ]eat| 1U10 L) tel What can you say about words containing these morphemes? What parts of speech can they be? What morphological characteristics do they have? Which morpheme, in your opinion, carries grammatical meaning? Mark the endings of the adjectives in the sentence written in your notebook. Indicate the grammatical meaning of these adjectives - Do you think gender, number and case are constant or inconsistent features of an adjective? Prove it. Formulate and write down the topic of the lesson. V. Development of educational and language skills. 1. Read the theoretical material on p. 89 exercise 200„ we repeat the morphological features of the adjective. The adjective has morphological features that distinguish it from other parts of speech. Endings and suffixes are indicators of these morphological features. Morphological characteristics are divided into permanent and non-permanent. Constants include those features that all forms of a given word have - category. What categories of adjectives do you know? How to distinguish from each other? Give examples. Which adjectives have two forms: full and short, as well as degrees of comparison? Form the word “great” into a full and short form, as well as degrees of comparison. Variable morphological characteristics include gender, number and case. 2. Consolidation of knowledge, development of the ability to find adjectives in the text. Let's turn to the word "adjective". Name and explain the spellings in the term "adjective". Prefix at-, because meaning of joining. Root -lag-, because there is a suffix -a- How can we determine the morphological features of an adjective? To which part of speech are adjectives “attached”? (to a noun). - Right. After all, the Adjective cannot live without the friend of the Noun, otherwise who will it serve? Who will understand his soul? Who will need his signs, his wealth? - This means that the morphological characteristics of an adjective can be determined by the name of the noun. Exercise. Write down the text by inserting suitable names adjectives, (music sounds. P.I. Tchaikovsky. Cycle "The Seasons"). In... the park there were... ponds across which... bridges were thrown, there were... groves and... lawns. Behind... the park began... the garden. Between the park and the garden, behind a row of... linden trees and... a platform, stood... a house with... a terrace into the garden. A high fence surrounded... the yard and... the garden, so that from... the road only the façade... of the house with two balconies at the ends of the second floor and an entrance in the middle was visible. Determine what type of text it is. Continue the text in two to three sentences. Highlight the endings of the adjectives, determine their gender, number, and case. Isn’t it true that a beautiful and colorful picture presented itself to us! Why? (With the help of adjectives, the description became more expressive, more colorful...) What do you think the writer wanted to show by using so many beautiful adjectives in his text? (Describe the park, garden, house, show its beauty, fabulousness). Well done! In what situations have you had to describe something or hear a description from others or read it? (When friends told about what they saw; read in advertisements about the loss or sale of something, someone; met in texts works of art, in encyclopedias, etc.) Adjective Test 1 1. Find the incorrect statement about the adjective: a) denotes a feature of an object and answers the questions what? whose? b) in a sentence it is most often a definition and a predicate c) changes according to gender, number and cases d) auxiliary part of speech 2. Find the adjectives in this sentence: 12 3 4 5 6 There was something special in the makeup of her dark-skinned 7 8 9 10 11 round face, with a small thin nose, 12 13 14 15 16 childish cheeks and black, light eyes. a)3,7,8,10,11,14,16 6)2,4,7,8, 10.11,13,14, 16 c) 3.6, 7,9,10,12,14, 15 g ) 4,7,8,10,11,13,14,16 3. In the following sentence, count the number of adjectives: As now I see in front of me a long figure in a cotton robe and a short cap. i1~ppA kptpppy viLyrttgya PRLKIR GRLMR vtpgg,!. a) six b) five c) four D) seven 4. C next list mark all relative adjectives (several correct answers are possible): a) satin b) magnificent c) medicinal d) crimson 5. In the following list, mark all relative adjectives (several correct answers are possible): a) fox b) shy c) porcelain d) sporty 6. In the following list, mark all possessive adjectives (several correct answers are possible): a) daddy’s (car) b) silver (dish) c) fat (child) d) hare (tail) 7. Find relatives in the sentence adjectives. 12 3 Katya has a new blue blouse and a short 4 woolen skirt. a) 1,2, 3,4 6)2,4 c) 4 d) none 8. Find quality adjectives in the sentence: 12 3 Affectionate smile, warm milk at night and a gentle lullaby 4 - that’s what mother’s care is all about. a) 1,3,4 6)2,4 c)1,2,3 d) there are none 9. Find possessive adjectives in the sentence: 1 2 3 Sasha’s ugly behavior affected his school grades. a) 2,3 6)2 c)1 d) there are none 10. What category of adjectives does the word evening belong to? a) qualitative b) relative c) possessive VII. Mutual verification. Summing up the lesson. Conclusion. An adjective is a very significant, useful, necessary part of speech. What questions did you find answers to today? VIII. Homework. Ex. 204.205 paragraph 20.