General grammatical meaning. Verb grammatical categories

Transcript

1 VERB A verb is an independent part of speech that denotes the action of an object or its state and answers the questions what to do? what to do? (write, come, invent, relax, study). The indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) the initial (initial) form, unchangeable, is formed using the suffixes -t, -ti, -ch: give, look-t, za-ti, go-ti, carry, bre-ti, mo-ch , take care. Constants: view; repayment; transitivity; conjugation. Grammatical features of the verb Inconstant: mood (absent in the infinitive form); tense (for indicative verbs); person (for verbs in the form of the present or future tense of the indicative mood, as well as the imperative mood); number (for verbs in the form of the present or future tense of the indicative mood; for verbs in the form of the past tense and conditional mood); gender (for verbs in the past tense and conditional mood). Transitive and intransitive verbs Transitive verbs denote an action that passes to another object, and are combined with nouns or pronouns in accusative case without a pretext: to help out (who?) a friend, to write (what?) a letter, or to genitive case when pointing to a part of an object: eat bread, buy plums, drink milk; in case of negation: do not read books, do not see your sister, do not receive letters (that is, they have a direct object with them). Intransitives denote an action that does not directly transfer to another object, and are combined with nouns or pronouns in the indirect cases or accusative case with a preposition: cry (without what?) for no reason, wink (to whom?) at a passerby, captivate (with what?) with a game, to be sad (about whom?) about summer, to believe (in what?) in victory. Remember: everything reflexive verbs(verbs with postfixes -sya/-sya) intransitive, compare: tilt (what?) a branch bend (for what?) for an apple.

2 Type of verb Verbs of the imperfect form (what to do?) denote an action without indicating its internal limit, a long-term, ongoing or repeated action (rest, go, reveal, will write, will tell. Imperfect verbs have three tense forms: past (published , collected); present (I publish, I collect); future complex (I will publish, I will collect). Verbs of the perfect form (what to do?) denote an action in the development of which there was or will be an internal limit, indicate the completion of the action, its result or its beginning (rest, come, reveal). Perfective verbs have two forms of tense: simple future (run, attach); past (ran, attached). Please note: in the Russian language there are two types of verbs: vitaminize, examine, re-equip, telegraph , broadcast, imitate, stabilize, influence, explore, organize, order, crown, marry, marry, execute, promise, wound: The situation is gradually stabilizing (present, present, present. view). The situation will soon stabilize (future time, Soviet view). Some species pairs have different bases: take take, find search, put put, and can also differ in stress: cut cut, pour out pour out. Reflexive and non-reflexive verbs Reflexive: have the postfix -sya (-s): like, fear, meet, go. Non-returnable: do not have the postfix -sya (-s): meet, arrive, send.

3 Mood of the verb Mood of the verb expresses the attitude of the action to reality Indicative Conditional Imperative Denotes an action that really Denotes an action that can occur during which the speaker incites - Denotes an action that happened, is happening or will happen: studied, am studying, will study. certain conditions or is desirable: wanted (wanted, wanted, would like) to study. Education: past tense form + would be waiting for its interlocutor: teach, teach. Education: speak(yat) + and speak po[y(y]t) + sing speak + those speak sing + tep- those The verbs want, crave, rot, be able, win do not have imperative forms; descriptive expressions are used in speech : You must win. You must want. For the verb go, the imperative form is poezzhay: Go faster. From the verbs to run, lie down, lie down, bake, the following forms of the imperative mood are formed: run (those), lie down (those), lie down (those), bake (those). Person of the verb The person of the verb indicates the attribution of the action to the speaker or object. Verbs of the present and future tense, as well as verbs in the imperative mood, change according to persons. The indicator of the person of the verb is the personal endings. Remember: verbs in the past tense form do not change according to persons. Impersonal verbs Impersonal verbs are verbs that denote actions that occur on their own, without an actor (or object): it’s getting dark, freezing, shivering, feeling unwell. 1) have forms of infinitive, indicative and conditional mood: in indicative mood in the 3rd person singular form of the present or future tense; in the form of the neuter past tense; in the conditional mood in the neuter form; 2) in sentences, impersonal verbs are predicates; with them there is not and cannot be a subject. When it rains, one sleeps well. By evening it got colder. It would get warmer soon.

4 Note. In a sentence, many personal verbs can be used in an impersonal meaning. Compare: The smell of Senate Square on Semenovsky Parade Ground. (E. Yevtushenko) Freshly cut grass smells good. Verb tense Past: the action occurs before the moment of speech: teach(t) + l, wrote, walked, drew; warmed up, warmed up. Present: the action occurs at the moment of speech: we write, walk, teach, draw; warmed up. Future: the action takes place after the moment of speech: they will teach, they will draw; warm it up, read it. Future tense verbs have two forms, simple and complex: future simple tense verbs have perfect forms; formed from the stem of the future tense with the help of personal endings; imperfective verbs have the future complex tense; is formed using the auxiliary verb to be in personal form and the infinitive of the verb Attention! Imperfective verbs are used in all three tenses; perfective verbs have two tenses: past and future. Verb conjugation For verbs with stressed personal endings, the conjugation is determined by the personal endings. units plural I conjugation 1st person (I, we) 2nd person (you, you) 3rd person (he, she, it; they) -у (-у); -eat; -et; -e -ete, -ut(-yut) P conjugation 1st person (I, we) 2nd person (you, you) 3rd person (he, she, it; they) -у (-у) -ish; -it; -im -ite, -at (-yat)

5 For verbs with unstressed endings, the conjugation is determined by the infinitive. I conjugation All those verbs that are not verbs of II conjugation. II conjugation All verbs start in -it, except shave, lay; 4 verbs starting with -at: drive, hold, breathe, hear; 7 verbs in -et: see, watch, hate, endure, twirl, depend, offend Please note: 1) the conjugation of a verb can often be determined by the 3rd person plural. numbers: sing (what are they doing?) sing -I ref., speak (what are they doing?) say II ref.; 2) the verb with a prefix belongs to the same conjugation as the unprefixed one: carry, bring, carry, bring; iron, iron iron, iron; rejoice, rejoice rejoice, rejoice. Conjugates want (want, want) want, want, wants, want, want, want; run (run out, run up, run up, run up, etc.) run, run, runs, run, run, run; honor (honor) honor, honor, honor, honor, honor, honor. Particularly conjugated give (create), eat (get tired) and formed from them with prefixes and postfix -xia: I will give, I will give, I will give, I will give, I will give, I will give; eat, eat, eat, eat, eat, eat. Note. When determining the conjugation of a verb, one should take into account its type: you offend offend (1st reference), offend offend (II reference), listen listen (I reference), hear hear (II reference), fly out fly out (II reference), fly out fly out (I ref.). Note. Some verbs in Russian do not have separate grammatical forms. Verbs denoting the actions of several persons do not have: 1) 1st and 2nd person singular forms: crowd, crawl, make noise; 2) forms of the 1st and 2nd person singular and plural of the present and future simple tense, verbs denoting actions characteristic not of humans, but of animals, plants, objects: milk, calve, grow, bud, ear; 3) 1st person singular forms of some verbs that coincide in pronunciation with other grammatical forms: dare (keep from holding); 4) 1st person singular forms of some verbs due to inconvenience in pronunciation: convince, win, find yourself, wonder.

6 Verb stems The forms of most verbs are formed from two stems: the infinitive stem and the present stem (future simple tense). The basis of the present tense can be isolated from imperfective verbs, and the basis of the future simple tense from perfective verbs, cf.: build will build. To find the basis of the infinitive, it is necessary to discard the indicator of the infinitive suffixes -t, -ti, for example: able-t, bear-ti. To find the basis of the present (future simple tense), it is necessary to discard the ending of verbs in the form of the 3rd person plural: putting on [th ut], le[t "-at]. From the basis of the infinitive the following forms are formed: past tense (look- l); conditional mood (look-l would); past participles (look-vsh-ii); perfect gerunds (view-v). From the base of the present tense the following forms are formed: present tense (sheet[y-y]) ; imperative mood (leaf, write-i); present participles (sheet[y-ush]y); imperfective participles (lista[y-a]). Morphological analysis verb Parsing order I. Part of speech. II. Initial form (infinitive form of the verb). III. Constant morphological characteristics: 1) type; 2) transitivity; 3) repayment; 4) conjugation. IV. Variable morphological features: 1) inclination; 2) time (if any); 3) number; 4) face (if any); 5) gender (if any). III. Syntactic role. Sample written analysis And the moon shines when there is no sun. (Proverb) The verb shines, n.f. shine, unsov.v., non-transition, non-return, 2 references; will express in the form, nakl., present, vr., units. h., 3 persons; simple verb predicate. Spelling of personal endings of verbs In unstressed personal endings of verbs, the spelling e or and depends on the conjugation of the verb: I conjugation letter e: shave shave, shave, shave, shave; fight fight, fight, fight, fight. II conjugation letter and: offend, offend, offend, offend, offend; pray pray, pray, pray, pray.

7 Please note: 1) verbs of the first conjugation: a) sow, sow, sow, sow, sow, sow; bleat, winnow, bark, cherish, howl, find fault, repent, toil, hope; b) get well, get well, get well, get well, get well, get well; become frosty, moldy; c) lay, lay, lay, lay, stele, lay, lay; 2) intransitive verbs with the prefix obes-/obez- are verbs of the first conjugation, transitive verbs of the second conjugation: weaken (intransitive) you will become weak, you will become weak, we will become weak, you will become weak, you will become weak; weaken (trans.) weaken, weaken, weaken, weaken. Spelling of verb suffixes 1) -irova-, -izova-, -izirova-: (always with and) balance, make up, characterize, idealize, standardize; 2) -ene-/-eni-: derived from the suffixes -e- “to do as the adjective that produces the name” and -i- “to do, to become something in accordance with the basis of the adjective”, therefore, in intransitive verbs the suffix is ​​written -ene-: to freeze, become stiff, become ossified, dumbfounded, numb, devastated; in transitive -eni-: freeze (blood), spark (hands); 3) -ыва-/-iva-, -ova-/-eva-: to choose the correct suffix and, accordingly, the correct spelling, it is important to consider the following: verbs with suffixes -ыва-/-iva- are formed from perfective prefixed verbs and form with them species pair: scout scout, unfasten unfasten, twist twist. When a word is changed, these suffixes are preserved in the 1st person forms: scout, scout, scout, uproot, uproot, uproot, unfasten, unfasten, unfasten, twist, twist, twist; verbs with suffixes -ova-/-eva- are formed mainly from suffixless nouns; these suffixes are an active means of adapting borrowed stems to the Russian verbal system: advise, command, drift, recommend, attack, grieve, dance. When changing, the suffixes -ova-/-eva- in the 1st person forms are generally not preserved: I advise, I advise, I advise, I grieve, I grieve, I grieve. Using the technique of substituting the form of the 1st person, make sure that these forms are formed correctly from verbs of the perfective or imperfect form: from the verb of the perfective form the form of the 1st person of the future tense is formed: uproot razkorchyvat (! I don’t uproot nesov. v., present, vr. ); from imperfective verbs the 1st person form of the present tense is formed: to uproot the cramp, we grimace. Remember the words with the suffixes -eva-, -va-, for which the method of substituting the 1st person form is ineffective: get stuck, overshadow, intend, overwhelm, prolong, exhort.

8 Verbs with stressed -va-t before the suffix retain the same vowel as in the infinitive without -va-: develop develop, have time to keep up. Pay attention to the spelling of verbs with the historical root -ved-: to confess, to preach, to manage, but to scout, taste, visit, visit, find out. Syntactic functions of a verb In a sentence, the verb most often performs the function of a predicate (Let's rest a little at this point), a verb in the infinitive form can also act as a subject (To command in this case is tedious work), a definition (An order (which one?) was received to advance), additions (The Lieutenant just asks (for what?) to throw a light there) and circumstances (And tomorrow the scarlet sun will rise again to light the world).

Spelling of verbs Spelling of verb endings 1. Depending on the personal endings, verbs are divided into two large groups: for verbs of I and II conjugations. II conjugation includes: verbs in it

Verb A verb is an independent significant part of speech, denoting an action (read), a state (to be sick), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a sign (to turn white) Indefinite form of the verb

Poteshnova N.B., teacher primary classes GBOU "School 69 named after B.Sh. Okudzhava" Topic: "PARTS OF SPEECH" NOUN This is a part of speech that designates (names) objects, natural phenomena, qualities, answers

Independent parts of speech. Part of speech Questions, meaning Morphological features Syntactic role 1. Noun Who? What? Whom? What? To whom? Why? Whom? What? By whom? How? About whom? About what? Item. 2.

Participle Like the participle, the participle can be considered as an independent part of speech or as special shape verb. We proceed from the understanding of the participle as a verbal form. The participle is special

ALL ABOUT THE PARTICIPLE GRADE 7 Meaning, morphological features, education, syntactic role Chizhova Irina Pavlovna, teacher of Russian language and literature MBOU "Secondary School 10", Reutov, Moscow region Communion

Hard Voiced: [b] [c] [g] [d] [g] [z] Voiceless: [p] [f] [k] [t] [w] [s] CONSONANTS PAIRED CONSONANTS Soft [b] [ in ] [g ] [d ] [z ] [p ] [f ] [k ] [t ] [s ] UNPAIRED CONSONANTS Hard Voiced:

Introduction NOUN GENDER OF NOUNS Nouns with a consonant and -I are always masculine Nouns with -A, -Z, -IYA female Nouns ending in -O, -E, -IE and -MYA are always neuter

Educational minimum 5th grade Russian language 1st quarter 1. Language and people. Communication is oral and written. 2.Speech styles (scientific, artistic, colloquial) Conversational Scientific Artistic Purpose (why?)

Multi-level tests on the topic “Verb” (4th grade) E.V. Yarullina I have been working at school for 16 years, the last 7 under the School 2100 program. To test the knowledge and skills of children, many different tests are offered

Program on Russian language and speech development 8th grade (children 13-14 years old) 1 Grammar and spelling Number of hours Requirements for knowledge and skills Verb Verbs 1 and 2 conjugations. Spelling of unstressed personal

Preparation for the Unified State Exam in the Russian language Topic “Spelling unstressed personal endings of verbs, suffixes of participles and gerunds” (Part 1, task 11) Prepared by Nelly Dmitrievna Pavlevich, Russian teacher

Pronoun as a part of speech A pronoun is an independent non-nominative part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them. The grammatical features of pronouns are different

2 PROGRAM OF THE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION FOR THE DISCIPLINE “RUSSIAN LANGUAGE” At the Russian language exam, the applicant must show: spelling and punctuation literacy, knowledge of the relevant rules, and

Depends on 1l.unit.h. (i) on -th; -yuyu -ova, -eva dance-dance counting on -ivaya; -yu -iva, -yva ova/eva iva/yva suffixes in verbs vowel before _l in gl.pr.v. Spelling suffixes (A7) suffixes

SAMPLE THEMATIC PLANNING of Russian language lessons in 5th grade at the rate of 6 hours per (210 hours) and 5 hours per (175 hours) Section and textbook You are studying the Russian language (2 hours/1 hour) calculations at 6 hours per

CONTENTS 408 Preface.................................. 3 5 GRADES 1. The Russian language is one of the richest languages ​​in the world. ................................ 8 2. Concept of literary language........... 9 3.

2 I. PROGRAM CONTENT Phonetics. Orthoepy Vowels and consonants. Syllable. Emphasis. Vowels are stressed and unstressed. Spelling unstressed vowels. Voiceless and voiced, hard and soft consonants. Peculiarity

Didactic games, generalizing tables and diagrams as a means of intensifying learning lane of unpaired [n] [n"] [m] street of the most sonorous [m "] [l] [l"] [r] [r"] [th"] street of sonorous [a ] [i] [s] [b][b" ]

Date of examination Lesson topic Number of hours Lesson form 1 Language as a means of communication 2 Role native language in human life Repetition of the course. The word and its sound shell. (14 hours) 3 Sounds of language. Vowels and consonants

CONTENTS About the textbook “Russian language. Theory"...... 3 310 5th grade The role of language in the life of society............ 8 Russian is one of the richest languages ​​in the world 9 INTRODUCTORY COURSE Grammar Morphology and spelling

As part of speech. Participle as a part of speech Participle is an independent part of speech, naming a sign of an object (object) by action, answering the questions “which?” and its forms. In a sentence the participle performs

Lesson 35 Do your homework! Imperative mood (Tryb rozkazujący) Verb stem and stress in 1st line. units part of the present (non-Soviet century) or future (Soviet century) Temat słowa i akcent w 1os. l. poj. czasu teraźniejszego

Dictionary of terms and concepts Phonetics: sound, letter, stress, syllable. Morphemics: morphemes (prefix, root, suffix, ending, stem). Word formation: ways of forming words (prefix, prefix

Item Name of equipment Quantity 1 Support diagrams 59 1. Complex sentences. 2. Phonetics. 3. Complex sentences. 4.Vocabulary. 5.Complex sentence. 6. Members of the proposal. 7.Synonyms, antonyms,

EXPLANATORY NOTE The Russian language interview program complies with the rules for admission to higher education educational institution and sample entrance exam programs approved by the Ministry of Education

FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "MOSCOW STATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (UNIVERSITY) MFA OF RUSSIA" ENTRANCE TEST PROGRAM

Morphemics Morphemics is a branch of linguistics in which the system of morphemes of a language and the morphemic structure of words and their forms are studied. In morphemics, two main questions are resolved: 1) how are Russian morphemes classified?

Exercises on the topic "Verb" Exercise 1. Write down in separate columns the verbs 1) indefinite form, 2) impersonal, 3) reflexive, 4) transitive, 5) intransitive, 6) conditional verbs, 7)

Section Morphological features of a verb MATERIALS for preparing for testing in the Russian language, grade 6 Module 6: Verb. Sample tasks 1.What does the verb mean? 1) action; 2) subject; 3) sign

Contents Preface for teachers... 5 Preface for students... 8 List of abbreviations... 9 Literature on the topic... 10 Part I. Inflectional classification of Russian verbs for teaching purposes

Thematic planning in the Russian language (external study) 4th grade. T.G. Ramzaeva “Russian language” Lesson topic Assignments 1 TRIMESTER 1. Introductory lesson. Introduction to the textbook. What do we know about the word? Word. Offer.

MOSCOW ACADEMY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW Karlova T.A. RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Entrance test program for applicants to the Moscow Academy of Economics and Law Thematic plan for the Russian language 2 Name

Dear Colleagues! The proposed option for thematic planning for studying the material in the textbooks “Russian language. 4th grade: At 3 o’clock.” (authors M.L. Kalenchuk, N.A. Churakova, T.A. Baykova) proposed at 136

CONTENTS Preface... 3 182 MORPHOLOGY AS A SECTION OF GRAMMAR 1. The subject of morphology. The connection of morphology with phonetics, lexicology, syntax... 4 2. Basic concepts of morphology... 5 PARTS OF SPEECH IN RUSSIAN

RUSSIAN LANGUAGE PROGRAM Scope of requirements for the Russian language At the entrance examination in the Russian language, the applicant must show: spelling and punctuation literacy, knowledge of the relevant

Rules in verse Composition of words. Console. There is a prefix before the root, It is written together, And with the help of the prefix words are formed. Root. a common part Related words The root is called Our answer is ready.

Mood as a morphological feature of a verb Mood is an inconsistent morphological feature of a verb. The indicative mood expresses real action in the past, present or future. Verb in the indicative

A3. Morphological norms. Task A3 checks your skill choose the correct word form for the following parts of speech: noun; adjective and adverb names; numeral name; pronouns;

MCOU "Second Storozhevskaya Secondary School" of the Liskinsky municipal district of the Voronezh region Extracurricular event in the Russian language for grade 5 on the topic "Verb" GAME - TRAVEL Prepared by: Elena Goncharova

Chapter. Primary School. Teacher Bilyk Svetlana Viktorovna Memo for working on mistakes Name of the mistake I know 1. Stress The stress is placed on the vowel that is in strong position when pronouncing.

Public lesson Russian language in 4th grade (November 26, 2014) based on a systematic activity approach within the framework of the new Federal State Educational Standard Lesson topic: “Verb conjugation” (lesson 2 on the topic) Lesson type: reflection lesson Goals

Plan - outline of a Russian language lesson in 4th grade. Topic: The concept of verb conjugation. Personal verbs and conjugations. Goal: Primary formation of skills to identify verbs by the stressed personal ending. Planned

58 ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN THE 5TH GRADE Approximate thematic planning Russian language lessons in 5th grade at the rate of 6 hours per week (204 hours) and 5 hours per week (170 hours)

Calendar thematic planning of Russian language lessons in 5th grade, section Name of section and topics Hours of teaching time. Language the most important means communication. Language and Man.09 Prep. date 2. Oral communication

Program entrance test in the general education subject “Russian language” Explanatory note This program of the entrance exam in the Russian language is intended for the implementation of the state

Addendum 2 to the order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine dated 12/08/2010. 1218 PROGRAM of modern independent assessment of Russian language Russian language PHONETICS. ORTHOEPY. GRAPHIC ARTS. SPELLING Sounds of speech.

APPROVED Order of the Minister of Education of the Republic of Belarus dated October 14, 2013 759 Program of entrance examinations in the academic subject “Russian language” for persons with general secondary education to obtain

Ministry of Education and Science of the Lugansk People's Republic State educational institution higher vocational education Lugansk People's Republic "Donbass State

Spelling of prefixes The consonants in the prefixes raz-, ras-, iz-, is-, without-, are spelled as they are heard. If the root begins with a voiced consonant, it is written z, if it begins with a voiceless consonant, it is written s. Prefixes with vowel a: for-,

Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation FEDERAL STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF SECONDARY (FULL) GENERAL EDUCATION "NOVOCHERKASSK SUVOROV MILITARY SCHOOL OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"

MIA OF RUSSIA KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY APPROVED Head of the Krasnodar Untsversgrget of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia rishy ^ A.V. Simonenko “2 U 2016 Russian language entrance test program for applicants

PROGRAM for the entrance test in the subject “Russian Language” for admission to St. Petersburg State University for undergraduate programs in 2010. At the Russian language exam, the applicant must demonstrate fluency

Scope of requirements for the Russian language. At the Russian language exam, the applicant must demonstrate: spelling and punctuation literacy, knowledge of the relevant rules within the given limits

Olympiad for schoolchildren "Lomonosov" 2012 in the Russian language In-person tours of tasks for students in grades 10-11 Option 1 Task I Analyze the sentence below and answer the following questions.

List of skills characterizing the achievement of the planned results of mastering the basic educational program in the academic subject “Russian language” in grade 6 CODE Tested skills 1. SECTION “TEXT” 1.1.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FEDERAL STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION MOSCOW STATE HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY

Russian language 5th grade 105 hours Kuu Õpitulemused Õppesisu Kohustuslik hindamine I quarter September 1. They know how a text differs from a group of sentences, determine the topic and main idea of ​​the text. 2.They see

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION "ST. PETERSBURG INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS, ECONOMICS AND LAW" (EI HE "SPB IVESEP") ENTRANCE TEST PROGRAM in the Russian discipline

Speech. Text. Offer. Word. The text consists of sentences, and sentences consist of words. Text A sentence is a word or several words that express a complete thought. Sentence Each sentence is pronounced

Educational institution "Mogilev State University named after A.A. Kuleshov" APPROVED by the Rector of Moscow State University named after A.A. Kuleshov K. M. Bondarenko 2016 Registration B- ENTRANCE TEST PROGRAM

The program is intended for applicants in all directions. The program is developed based on sample program in Russian (letter from the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated February 18, 2000 14-51-129in/12

Abstract to work program discipline “Russian language”, grade 6 1. The place of the discipline in the structure of the main educational program. The discipline “Russian Language” is included in the basic part of the humanitarian cycle.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering" (NNGASU)

שיעור י"ג Lesson 13 Grammar Conjugate combinations of nouns Nouns husband, wife with singular pronominal suffixes. Features of using the preposition of the accusative case, direct and indirect

2 Program of entrance (additional entrance) test in Russian language. Rostov-on-Don: FGKOU HE RUI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2015. The program was discussed and approved at a meeting of the methodological council

Lesson topic Number of hours Lesson type Types educational activities Types of control, meters Planned results of mastering the material 1. Russian is one of the developed languages ​​1 hour Combined. Working with text, current

The Russian language contains auxiliary and significant parts of speech. A verb belongs to independent parts of speech. “Glagolit” in Old Russian meant “to speak.” Thus, even our ancestors proved that literate speech is impossible without the dynamics of the narrative, which is achieved by using verbs.

What is a verb: morphological and syntactic features

The verb talks about the action of an object. The verb is determined by the questions “what to do?”, “what to do?”. When characterizing a verb, pay attention to its grammatical meaning, morphological features and function in a sentence. The grammatical features of a verb are divided into constant and inconstant.

The points of view of scientists regarding the identification of verb forms differ. There are still debates whether the participle and gerund are distinguished as significant parts of speech, or whether they are just forms of the verb. We will consider them as independent.

Grammatical meaning of the verb

Grammatically, a verb talks about the action of an object. There are several groups of actions that are expressed by verbs:

1. Work, labor of the subject of speech: “sharpen”, “drive”, “build”, “dig”.
2. Speech or mental activity: “to speak”, “to assume”, “to think”, “to find out”.
3. The movement of an object in space, its position: “drive”, “be”, “sit”, “be located”.
4. The emotional state of the subject of speech: “sad”, “hate”, “cherish”, “love”.
5. State environment: “it’s getting evening,” “it’s freezing,” “it’s drizzling.”

In addition to the general grammatical meaning of the verb, it is worth mentioning its syntactic function. In a sentence it is one of the main members, the predicate. The predicate verb agrees with the subject and forms the predicative basis of the sentence with it. From the verb they pose questions to minor members predicate groups. As a rule, these are additions and circumstances expressed by nouns, adverbs or gerunds.

How the verb changes: constant and inconstant signs

The morphological features of the verb are divided into constant and inconstant. This gradation occurs from the point of view of changing the word itself or only its form. For example, “read” and “read” are two different words. The difference is that “read” is an imperfect verb, and “read” is a perfect verb. They will change in different ways: the perfect verb “read” is not supposed to have the present tense. And “I read” - we read only indicate the number of the verb to read.

Constant signs of the verb:

• type (imperfect, perfect);
• conjugation (I, II, heterogeneously conjugated);
• repayment (non-refundable, returnable).

• gender (feminine, neuter, masculine);
• mood (subjunctive, indicative, imperative);
• number (plural, singular)
• time (present, past, future);

These signs are formative. Therefore, when parsing a verb, they say that it is in the form of a certain tense, mood, gender and number.

Verb moods

The grammatical features of a verb contain mood. One verb can be used in the form of the indicative, subjunctive (conditional) and imperative moods. Therefore, this category is included in constant signs verb.

• Indicative. It is characterized by the fact that the verb in this form can be used in the present, future and past tenses: “the child is playing” (present tense); “the child was playing” (past tense); “the child will play” (future tense). The indicative mood allows you to change the verb in persons and numbers.
• Conditional (subjunctive) mood. Represents an action that can only happen under a certain condition. It is formed by adding the particle would (b) to the main verb: “With your help, I would cope with difficulties.” It is possible to change the conditional verbs by number and gender; in these forms they agree in the sentence with the subject: “She would have solved this problem herself”; “They would solve this problem themselves”; “He would have solved this problem himself”; “Most would solve this problem on their own.” It is important to note that the conditional mood does not involve changing the verb tense.
• Imperative mood. Indicates encouraging the interlocutor to take action. Depending on the emotional coloring, the impulse is expressed both in the form of a wish: “Please answer the question,” and in the form of an order: “Stop shouting!” To obtain an imperative verb in the singular, it is necessary to attach the suffix -i to the stem in the present tense: “sleep - sleep”, it is possible to form it in a suffixless way: “eat - eat”. Plural is formed using the suffix -te: “draw - draw!” Imperative verbs change according to numbers: “eat soup - eat soup.” If it is necessary to convey a sharp order, the infinitive is used: “I said, everyone stand up!”

Verb tense

The morphological features of the verb contain the category of tense. Indeed, for any action it is possible to identify the time at which it occurs. Since the verb changes tenses, this category will be inconsistent.

Verb conjugations

The grammatical features of a verb cannot be fully characterized without the category of conjugation - changing them according to persons and numbers.

For clarity, here is a table:

Other features of a verb: aspect, transitivity, reflexivity

In addition to conjugation, constants grammatical features verbs contain the categories of aspect, transitivity and reflexivity.

• Kind of verb. There is a distinction between perfect and imperfect. The perfect form presupposes the questions “what to do?”, “What will it do?” Indicates an action that has achieved a result (“learn”), begun (“sing”) or completed (“sing”). The imperfect is characterized by the questions “what to do?”, “What does it do?” Involves an action that continues and is repeated many times (“jump”).
• Verb reflexivity. It is characterized by the presence of the suffix -sya (-s).
• Transitivity of the verb. It is determined by the ability to control a noun in the accusative case without a preposition (“to imagine the future”), if the verb has the meaning of negation - with transitivity, the noun will be in the genitive case: “I do not observe it.”

So, the signs of a verb as a part of speech are varied. To determine its permanent characteristics, it is necessary to put the part of speech in its initial form. To determine non-constant features, it is necessary to work with a verb taken in the context of the narrative.

This lesson involves the use of the ACTIVboard interactive whiteboard, which is accompanied by software ActivStudio. In this program, FLIPCHARTS are created (analogous to the work area on a regular school board). To give an idea of ​​what the flipcharts look like, they were exported to PowerPoint.

Goals:

• repeat information about the verb known to students from the 5th grade,
• learn to identify a verb as a part of speech: determine the general grammatical meaning, morphological characteristics, syntactic role, apply knowledge in practice, develop the skill of a reasoned answer;
• to cultivate respect for the human dignity of others, to form the desire to develop mercy in oneself.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Class organization."Faces" technique: students signal their emotional state using cards with stylized drawings, for example:

II. Vocabulary dictation.

I would like to begin our today’s lesson with the words of N.V. Gogol, which have already been heard in our lessons: “Before you is the vastness of the Russian language! Deep pleasure calls you, the pleasure of immersing yourself in all its immeasurability and catching its wonderful laws:”

I want to believe that understanding a great, powerful, beautiful language gives you pleasure. You get pleasure from the fact that you strive to speak beautifully, competently, correctly, observing the norms of the literary Russian language.

Let us start our lesson with a visual dictation, which will tell you how much you already know the rules and know how vocabulary words are written.

(Visual dictation using a PowerPoint presentation.)

Souvenir, metal, vacation, lobby, initiative, design, azure, daffodil, officer, terrace, second, single, foyer, distance, decade, abstract, institute, attraction, more.

(Writing words under dictation, peer testing using a model on the board, grading on a control sheet.)

III. Vocabulary work.

Please note that some words are highlighted in red. Why do you think? (These are new words; we didn’t work with them in class.)

Write these words down in a column, underline those letters that may cause further difficulty and that we should pay attention to.

(Work at the board. Open flipchart ActivStudio, Page 1)

Do you understand all the words?

(Explanation in case of difficulty.)

Try to determine which word will be the key word of our lesson. What key will we use to open the door to the huge, wonderful world of the Russian language?

(Mercy.)

IV. Work with text. Determining the topic of the lesson.

How do you understand the meaning of the word “mercy”?

(Flipchart, page 2).

Which of the proposed options will be correct. (Children's answer options.)

I suggest contacting text. Maybe he can help you choose the correct definition of the word “mercy”?

(Flipchart, page 3.)

What is this text about? What is its theme? (Relationships between people.)

Let's return to the word "mercy".

(Flipchart, page 2).

After reading Sukhomlinsky’s thoughts, can you define this word?

(Mercy is the willingness to help or forgive out of compassion.)

How would you title our text? (Be merciful. Develop mercy.)

(Flipchart, page 3, title entry.)

What helped give you the correct definition of the word “mercy”? Please note: what part of speech is actively used in the text? Why? (Verbs; help or forgive is an action, an act.)

Determine the topic of our lesson. We continue to study morphology. Keyword of our lesson, “mercy” is associated with a verb, requires the use of a verb:

(Write the topic on the board and in notebooks: Verb as a part of speech.)

How would you determine the outcome of your work in class? What result should you achieve?

V. Preventive test. Determining lesson objectives.

Before you determine the purpose of our work, I suggest doing a short test and then coming back to the results we need to achieve.

(Test via Activstudio. The results are recorded on the control sheet.)

Analyze the results, determine the purpose of your work in the lesson.

(Repeat information about the verb, known from grade 5, learn to define a verb as a part of speech: determine the general grammatical meaning, morphological features, syntactic role, apply knowledge in practice, develop the skill of a reasoned answer.)

DYNAMIC PAUSE:

1. "Flower"

2. "Chinese bobblehead"

3. Look right - left - up - down.

VI. Repetition and systematization of what has been learned. Development of educational, language and speech skills.

Find verbs in the text that is already familiar to you. Write the part of speech above each word you find.

((Flipchart, page 3. Color highlight verbs in the text on the board.)

How can you prove that the highlighted words are a verb? What is part of speech?

(Flipchart, page 4.)

(Filling out the table in the notebook as you open the board using the Curtains and Eraser tools.)

Analyze the results of our work. Determining which morphological features is difficult? (Children's answers, highlighting the proposed one in color.)

(Repetition of concepts that caused difficulty)

I think you will agree with me that one of the most difficult morphological features of a verb to determine is conjugation. I asked Alena Sineva to help you and me. Help me remind you how to identify verb conjugation and avoid misspelling verb endings in the future. Alena used the algorithm that is in front of you in preparation.

(Flipchart, page 5,6.)

(Demonstration of the algorithm.)

Do you think you are now ready to prove that you have correctly identified the verbs in the text? (Children's answers.)

Let's check. Prove that the word "say" is a verb.

(Flipchart, page 4.)

(Notes are made in the third column of the diagram in notebooks and on the board.)

VII. Summarizing. Evaluating the results of repetition.

(Flipchart, page 7.)

(Test "10 steps", recording the results on the control sheet.)

Do you think it is important to be able to identify the morphological features of a verb? Why? (Children's answers.)

Analyze the verbs of our text, paying attention to the mood in which they are used. What feature did you notice?

(Most verbs are used in imperative mood.)

Why do you think?

(The text represents a command, advice, instruction.)

Could you give advice to yourself, a friend, a classmate, on how to become or be merciful? Write down your options for advice and tips in a notebook.

(Reading works by children.)

VIII. Reflection. "Faces."

IX. Homework:

Prepare the story “Verb - part of speech”, No. 112.

More on the topic MEANING AND GRAMMATICAL FEATURES OF A VERB:

1. Verb 172. Meaning, morphological features and syntactic functions of the verb
2. § 20. Techniques and principles of mixing grammatical features of a verb and an adjective in the structure of participles
3. §20. Techniques and principles of mixing grammatical features of a verb and an adjective in the structure of participles

Verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of an object as a process.

Subject characteristics are expressed in several ways: a) static characteristics or affiliations, denoted by adjectives and pronouns; b) quantitative and ordinal definitions, denoted by numerals; c) dynamic features denoted by verbs.

In terms of their meaning, verbs are contrasted primarily with adjectives, as well as other nominal parts of speech, as words that express a characteristic in the process of its formation, continuation or development. Compare for example: white snow and whitening snow, desk And wrote at the table; two eyes And seeing double; your opinion And grasp the thought. In the named pairs of words of a common root, some denote the characteristics of an object or their quantity, while others express dynamic characteristics associated with human activity or the activity of an object.

The grammatical features of the verb also differ from other parts of speech. Thus, adjectives are associated with nouns that express the meaning of the attribute in the grammatical categories of gender, number and case, dependent on the nouns. A verb can also have the categories of gender (due to connections with the pronoun) and number, depending on the noun, but it must also have the categories of aspect, transitivity/intransitivity, state of manner and time inherent only to it, characterizing the attribute of the subject in a procedural expression.

Processuality, or dynamism, is the formation or deployment of features in a time perspective. Various modal, aspectual shades, indications of an active or passive figure and other additional characteristics are uniquely manifested in the verb, closely associated with its semantics.

A feature of the verb is also the combination in its paradigm of various grammatical forms: dievidminyuvani personal (I'm writing, writing, writing etc.) and generic (wrote, wrote, would write and etc.); case (writing, written) and unchangeable - participles (wrote, having written) and infinitive, or indefinite, forms (write, write).

Divide minyuvani forms of the active, conditional and imperative modes (personal and generic) perform a predicative function in a sentence, acting as a predicate: The train started moving; Soon the linden tree will bloom; Let there be peace. Individual verb forms perform an attributive function (book read, window closed) and functions of circumstances (Having rested, he began to work). The indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) is included in the system of its paradigm as the initial form in which the action (dynamic sign) is expressed, regardless of the figure or object. The grammatical meanings of mood, tense, person (gender) and number are expressed by distinct forms of the verb; The infinitive expresses only the meaning of aspect, transitivity/intransitivity, state. It is these meanings that distinguish the verb form of the infinitive from nouns with a generalized meaning of action. Compare for example getting used is a habit, sending is a message, thinking is thinking, competing is thinking. In syntactic use there is noticeably more in common with the noun: the infinitive can be the subject (To live is to work) application (Ordered to be recalled) inconsistent definition (have skills a desire to work), circumstance (My son left to study).

All verb forms are combined into one harmonious system based on a common lexical meaning procedural and post-literal categories of aspect, transitivity/intransitivity and state, as well as their ability to control the nominal form of the indirect case and be combined with accompanying words, for example: I was going to my father, I would go to school, I would read it in the evening, done a long time ago, saying deliberately, run around.

The verb can mean:

a) real physical action faces: walk, write, draw;

b) the state in which the item is located: lie down, sleep, stand;

c) formation of the subject: rot, flourish, grow old;

d) a person’s attitude towards someone or something: love, respect, honor;

d) desire: want, wish, want;

e) speeches: speak, tell;

e) thinking: think, dream; T.

Verb forms:

a) indefinite form;

b) personal (non-infinitive) forms;

c) participle;

d) participle;

d) impersonal forms on -but that.

An unchangeable verb form names an action, but does not name time, person, number, or gender; it is called an indefinite form (infinitive).

The infinitive form answers the question what to do? .what to do?

For example: You can choose a friend based on the spirit of your brother, but you can’t choose your own mother.(V. Simonenko).

The indefinite form of the verb is used when you need to name an action in general, regardless of who performs it and when: until you sweat, until then you can(People. Creativity). The infinitive is the initial form of a verb.

The infinitive is characterized by such grammatical features as transitivity (build) and intransitivity (go), type (perfect or imperfect: whiten - whiten, knock - knocked).

The infinitive has a suffix ti (t). Suffix t more often used in oral speech, fiction. Eg:

Oh cherry, cherry, why so abundantly non-bearing? Young girl Why don’t you go for a walk?

(Gen. Creativity)

Indefinite verbs are close in meaning to nouns and can be replaced by them in a sentence.

For example: write correctly - competent letter: smoking is harmful - smoking is harmful.

Words eat, pythonki, bainki(and origins, origins; torture, pitki; to bed, spatochki, spatunechki) are verbs that are emotionally charged with grammatical means. Because these words call action (eat, pythons) or condition (bainki), but do not indicate time, person and number, answer questions what to do?, then they should be considered the indefinite form of the verb. There are reasons to consider these words as such, in which the suffix you dissolved by interspersed affectionate suffixes -k-, -onk-, -onk- and under.: is-t (points-) and, pi-t (-onk-) and.

So, eat, pythonki, bainki- verbs in indefinite form.

The infinitive can act as any member of a sentence, but most often it acts as the main member in impersonal offer: Either speak wisely, or remain completely silent(People. Creativity). In addition, the infinitive can mean confidence, determination, order, and the like.