Who does Austria border on map. Austria map in Russian

Austria on the world map

Geographical position
Austria is located in the east of the Alps, in the valley of the Danube River. Her neighbors:
from the north – Czech Republic;
from the east - Slovakia and Hungary;
from the south - Slovenia and Italy;
from the west - Liechtenstein, Germany and Switzerland.
The capital of Austria is the city of Vienna, whose history begins in the 1st century AD. The construction of Vienna was started by Roman legionaries.
Mountains occupy most of the country. The highest point is Mount Großlockner, 3797 m high, which also houses Europe's largest glacier.

Administrative division
The Republic of Austria is divided into 9 federal states: Lower Austria, Burgenland, Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria, Vorarlberg, Tyrol, Upper Austria and Vienna. Lands are divided into districts, and districts into communities.
Besides Vienna, the largest cities are Salzburg, Graz, Linz, Innsbruck, and Klagenfurt. Each of these cities has its own rich history.

Climate of Austria
Depending on the topography in Austria there are different climatic conditions. The low-lying eastern and northeastern regions have a moderately warm climate. Summers are sunny and dry, average temperature is +20°C, winters are mild, temperatures are not lower than -3°C.
In mountainous areas there is frequent precipitation, the climate is humid with frequent westerly winds. In the lowlands of the Alps it is moderately warm, in the highlands it is moderately cold.

Map of Austria in Russian

Sights of Austria
The ancient history of Austria has created many cultural monuments.
Tourists are primarily attracted to Vienna, which has preserved unique architecture ancient city. After the end of the Second World War, the capital was practically recreated.
The famous "Vienna Woods" includes a park, hotels, resorts, thermal springs.
In Austria preserved medieval castles and palaces, among them the palaces of Artstetten (16th century), Riegersburg (Baroque era) and Schallaburg, built during the Renaissance.
The country is known for its first-class ski resorts. All conditions have been created for winter sports. Trails stretching for many kilometers are located at an altitude of up to 3200 m. There are snowboard parks, flat tracks, and trekking trails.
The resort of Baden is famous for its SPA centers. There is also a garden of exotic plants. Baden has the largest casino in Europe.
In Austria there is a steppe lake called Neusiedlersee, the only one in Europe. A national park is organized here, where many rare species of birds and animals live. Photo materials used from Wikimedia © Foto, Wikimedia Commons

General information

Geographical position.

Austria is an inland state located in the southern part of Central Europe. Square. The territory of Austria covers 83,859 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Austria is Vienna. The largest cities: Graz (260 thousand people), Linz (210 thousand people), Salzburg (150 thousand people), Innsbruck (120 thousand people).

Austria is divided into 9 federal states: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg and Vienna. The federal states, in turn, are divided into districts, which consist of communities, urban and rural.

Political system

Austria is a republic. The head of state is the president. The head of the federal government is the chancellor. Parliament consists of two chambers: the Federal Council and the National Assembly.

Relief. Most of the territory is occupied by the Eastern Alps (the highest point is Mount Großglockner, 3,797 m) and their foothills. With its famous alpine slopes and meadows, Austria faces the Danube, along which lies a low-lying plain.

Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Austria there are deposits of iron ore, oil, aluminum, lead, copper, hard and brown coal.

Climate. In Austria, a wide variety of landscape, climatic, and plant forms and species coexist. In general, the country is characterized by a mild Central European climate influenced by the Atlantic. In the foothills of the Carpathians, in the Vienna Valley, in the northern regions of Burgenland, a continental climate already reigns. The Pannonian climate (from the Latin Rapposch, which was the name of the Roman province on the territory of modern Austria) climate is characterized by an average July temperature of about +19°C, and an average annual rainfall of 800 mm. The last figure increases significantly for the western regions. The Austrian climate is characterized by a fairly noticeable temperature difference, which is explained by the conditions of the mountainous terrain.

The Austrian landscape includes both high and medium mountains, hills and valleys. 63 percent of the country's territory lies in the Eastern Alps. Almost 900 mountain peaks reach an altitude of more than 3,000 m. At an altitude exceeding 2,700 m all year round there is snow. 600 sq. km of glaciers contain 30 billion cubic meters of crystal clean water. The highlands are so intensely heated by the sun that in autumn and winter there is no less heat here than in alpine meadows. The only difference is flen, a wind that blows regularly along the slopes from the mountains, especially strong in spring and autumn.

Average Maximum temperature January in Vienna is approximately +1 °C, mid-April +15 °C, in July it reaches +25 °C, and in October about + 14 °C.

In Salzburg and Innsbruck the temperature is about the same as in the capital, with the exception of winter when these Alpine cities are somewhat cooler.

Inland waters. The rivers of the Danube basin flow in Austria, and the country has lakes: Neusiedler See and Constance.

Soils and vegetation. Austria is classified as a country rich in forests. The Austrian flora is characterized by oak-beech forest in the valleys, and at an altitude of more than 500 m - beech-spruce mixed forest. Above the 1200 m mark, the “kingdom of spruce” begins.

Animal world. The fauna of Austria is typical of Central Europe. Roe deer, hare, deer, pheasant, partridge, fox, marten, badger, and squirrel are found here. The surroundings of Lake Neusiedler See are unique protected nesting areas for birds of various species. In the high mountainous regions of the Eastern Alps, the composition of the fauna is typically alpine: colonies of marmots are often found, and sometimes you can find a mountain goat. There are nature reserves in Austria: Neusiedler-Seewinkel, Karwendelbirge, etc.

Population and language

According to the latest estimates, the population of Austria is about 8 million inhabitants, with an average of 94 people per 1 sq. km. The overwhelming majority of native Austrians are Germans. Lives in Vienna and the southeast of the country most of non-Austrians.

Immigration to Austria began with late XIX c., when industry began to rapidly develop here. Events last decades led to the influx of new and new waves of immigrants from the East. In May 1993, about 600 thousand immigrants lived in Austria legally. These were mainly Yugoslavs who fled the war (about 65 thousand). Other foreigners come from Turkey, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Non-Germans among the indigenous population are Croats, Slovaks, Hungarians, Slovenes and Czechs. Taken together, they number about 300 thousand people.

The official language is German, the Austrian dialect of which is very different from classical German. The Vorarlberg dialect, which is close to the Alemannic dialect of the Swiss, is especially different from others. In Tyrol, in the highlands, due to geographical conditions and historical reasons Almost every village can boast of its own dialect.

Religion

It is well known that in the life of Austrians important role religion plays. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution of the Republic of Austria. However, there are some age restrictions. Thus, until a child reaches the age of 10, his religious sympathies are determined by his parents; from 10 to 12 years old, according to the law, his opinion must be taken into account by adult family members, and from the age of 12 no one has the right to impose religious views on a child.

A national survey showed that 78% of the population consider themselves Catholics, 5% Protestants, and 9% do not give preference to any of these denominations. Most Protestants live in Burgenland and Carinthia. 5% belong to other religious denominations (for example, Muslims).

Brief historical sketch

The history of Austria is largely determined by its geographical location. The country is located at the intersection of three cultural regions: Romanesque, Germanic and Slavic.

A thousand years BC, Illyrian tribes settled on the territory of modern Austria. Judging by the archaeological sites found and studied, the Illyrians had a developed culture.

In the territory of modern Carinthia, more late period The Celtic state of Noricum is formed. Even later, the right bank of the Danube became a province of the Roman Empire, and then not only the political border passed through the territory of modern Austria, but also the border between the Christian (Roman) and pagan (German) worlds.

During the era of the great migration of peoples, the foundations of the future national-territorial structure of the Austrian lands were laid.

From the 4th century n. e. in the foothills of the Alps an important point of intersection and unification of multilingual peoples is formed.

The Germans conquer the northern Roman provinces in the 5th century. Their wave encounters a wave of Slavs migrating in the same direction. In the 500-700s, the power of the Dukes of the Bavarian Mark was established here. Later, Charlemagne conquered these lands from the Avars tribe (decisive battles took place near Vienna). Finally, with the advent of the Hungarians moving from beyond the Urals and their consolidation east of the German lands, migrations of large ethnic groups cease.

From the 10th century, during the reign of the Babenbergs, the Austrian borders were significantly expanded to the south and east, and the residence of the Babenbergs, Vienna, became the capital of a prosperous country, later an empire. The Babenbergs created the foundation of an independent Austrian state. The first mention of the name of the state - “OzShgpsY”, that is, “eastern country, empire,” dates back to the time of their reign (about 996).

The influence of the Babenbergs constantly strengthened and expanded, including thanks to prudent marriages with politically and religiously strong European families. After during the 11th century. Vienna and most of modern Lower Austria came under their command, and the same thing happened with Styria and Upper Austria (1192).

The period of intensive development of trade for Austria began in the middle of the 12th century. In 1156, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa elevated the status of the Austrian territory to a duchy. From this time on, the image of an eagle began to be used as a national symbol.

The political and economic strengthening of Austria was accompanied by a flourishing of spiritual life: missionary routes of Christian monks passed through its territory, leaving behind centers of a new, Christian culture - monasteries. Theologians, philosophers, historians, and writers worked within the walls of the monasteries.

Austrian lands served as a transit base for the crusaders during their campaigns to the East. Christian shrines. Secular culture is also developing in the vicinity of the monasteries: the famous minnesinger (literal translation from German - “singer of love”) Walter von der Vogelweide lived and worked at the Viennese court, and “The Song of the Nibelungs” (the most significant epic work in the German) found its final form here, on the banks of the Danube.

In 1246, Duke Frederick II of Babenberg died in a battle with the Hungarians on the Austro-Hungarian border, leaving no heir. This allows the Czech king Otgokar II to intervene in the affairs of his neighbors and take control of huge, by European standards, territories (the entire space from the Sudetenland along the northern borders of modern Czech Republic and to the Adriatic Sea).

Ottokar II overestimated his capabilities when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the new Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf of Habsburg. It cost him his life: King Ottokar died in a battle with a powerful enemy in the town of Markfeld in 1278.

In 1282, Rudolf granted his two sons Austria and Styria as fiefs. This was the beginning of one of the most powerful dynasties ever to rule in Western Europe. The Habsburgs retained power in these lands until the 20th century.

In the initial period of their reign, the Habsburgs experienced considerable difficulties in relations with their neighbors (including several defeats in the wars with the Swiss), but they managed to consolidate their internal forces and resources: Carinthia and Carniola were annexed in 1355. These provinces were followed by Tyrol (1363).

Rudolf IV (the Founder), Duke of Austria in 1358-1365, wanting to unite all lands under one flag, introduced the image of five eagles, in imitation of the symbolism of the Roman emperors. He succeeded in raising his status to archduke. During the reign of Rudolf, the first stone was laid in the foundation of the Cathedral of St. Stephen in Vienna (today the image of the cathedral is one of the symbols of the capital), the University of Vienna is established.

In 1453, Frederick III managed to obtain the status of Archduke by legal means, and he was elected Holy Roman Emperor. He also convinces Pope Paul II of the advisability of raising Vienna - in 1469 the city became a bishopric. Frederick's ambitions sometimes barely fit within reasonable boundaries. Thus, his motto became the abbreviation AE11, which, as a rule, is deciphered as follows: “Ais1pa Es11trega1og Orgy Ituerzo” (translated from Latin: “Austria is the emperor of the whole world”). In an effort to realize his plans, Frederick began a war with the King of Hungary, Matthius Corvinus. This led to the occupation of Vienna by the latter in 1485-1490. The reason for the failure, according to eyewitnesses, was primarily that Frederick was unable or did not want to win over the Archbishop of Salzburg, and he took the side of Frederick’s opponent. Salzburg was an influential ecclesiastical principality at that time.

The name of Frederick III is associated with the continuation of the tradition of arranged marriages - a successful political course of the Austrian ruling families(Babenbergs and Habsburgs), which allowed them to spread their influence to many European countries. In 1477, Frederick's son, Maximilian, having married Mary of Burgundy, seeks control over Burgundy and the Netherlands.

Maximilian's eldest son, Philip, married the Spanish Infanta in 1496, and Charles, Philip's son, achieved even more: he became Carlos I, King of Spain in 1516, and then Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1519 ).

Charles transferred control of all Austrian territories to his younger brother Ferdinand in 1521, who also inherited Bohemia and Hungary through his marriage to Princess Anne after her brother, King Louis II, died in battle with the Turks in 1526. In 1556, Charles abdicated the imperial throne and title, and Ferdinand was crowned in his place. Charles's vast territorial inheritance passed to his only son, Philip II.

For several centuries in a row, one of the main concerns of the Austrian rulers was the security of the southern borders, from where hordes of Turks constantly invaded. In the 20s of the 16th century. the Turks subjugated almost all Balkan region, and their eyes were already fixed on Vienna. But Vienna withstood the siege, which fortunately did not last long due to the early onset of winter.

In 1571, Maximilian II granted his subjects the right to freedom of religion, as a result of which most Austrians converted to Protestantism.

In 1576, Maximilian's eldest son, Rudolf II, having become emperor, begins the counter-reformation, which leads to the return of the majority of those who went to the Protestants to the Catholic Church, sometimes not without coercion. Religious intolerance became the cause of the Thirty Years' War, which caused devastation throughout Central Europe. In 1645, the army of Protestant Sweden approached the walls of Vienna, but this time the city was not damaged. Then, drained of blood by the war and internal religious strife between Catholics and evangelical Protestants, Vienna could hardly resist the onslaught of a strong enemy. In this desperate situation, Kaiser Ferdinand III calls on the church for help. The Kaiser himself vows to erect a column in honor of the Virgin Mary if the city is saved from enemy troops. The story of the siege ends with the fact that, without even attempting to storm the city, the commander of the Swedish army, Torstenson, gives the order to withdraw troops.

In 1646, the monument promised by the Kaiser was built on the central square of Vienna and adorned it until 1667, when it was dismantled on the orders of Kaiser Leopold I, son of Ferdinand, and transported to the city of Wernstein, where it remains to this day. A bronze copy took the place of the original on the square. In 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, according to which Austria ceded part of its territories to France.

The Austrian capital was miraculously lucky once again when in 1683, gripped by a terrible plague epidemic, it was ready to capitulate to the troops of the Turks, but the armies of friendly Christian powers - Germany and Poland - arrived in time, and the enemy forces were pushed back first from Vienna, and then and even further - to the southeastern borders of Europe. The memory of the defeat of the Turkish troops is preserved by frescoes and sculptural compositions made in the Baroque style and decorating buildings of that era in many cities in Austria.

With the death of Charles II, the last of the Habsburgs on the Spanish line, Austria was drawn into the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), which ended with Charles IV, the Austrian emperor, receiving only part of the Spanish possessions (in the Netherlands and Italy). Karl involves his daughter, Maria Theresa, in the dispute, who, due to the lack of male heirs, ascends to the Habsburg throne in 1740. The support of Britain and the Netherlands greatly contributed to the success of Austria and its empress in the struggle for political leadership on the continent; the rich lands of Bavaria went to the empire.

During the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), a change in political sympathies occurs, and Austria, already in opposition to Britain, tries unsuccessfully to recapture Silesia from Prussia.

The 40-year reign of Empress Maria Theresa is considered a golden era in Austrian history. It was during this period that the strong power of the center was established, the institution of civil service was introduced, the economy, army and system were reformed general education. Since that time, Austria has acquired the fame of “the country of great musicians.”

Maria Theresa left a good memory of herself by showing extraordinary courage during the smallpox epidemic in 1763: the empress, who had lost two of her children, risked becoming infected, cared for her sick daughter-in-law.

The successor of Maria Theresa's work was her son Joseph II, whose innovations include the Edict of Tolerance, the secularization of church property, and the abolition of serfdom.

Under Emperor Franz, the first national anthem was adopted, composed by Joseph Haydn and performed on February 12, 1797 (according to the plan, the adoption of the anthem was supposed to unite the nation in the face of the impending danger from France and Napoleon). The anthem is based on a Croatian folk melody from the land of Burgenland.

The decline of the golden age for Austria was marked by the appearance of Napoleon Bonaparte on the stage of the European theater. His triumph and military successes forced Francis II to renounce first the Austrian and then the German imperial crown and the title of Holy Roman Emperor. Military spending led to financial collapse, and it is unknown how it would have ended for Austria if not for Russian help.

In 1814-1815 A congress is being held in Vienna, according to the decisions of which Austria is regaining part of what it lost.

The era of the reign of Chancellor Clemens von Mitternich, the restoration of the monarchy, the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, and the establishment of general suffrage were accompanied by a new rise in the development of culture and art, especially music.

On June 28, 1914, an attempt was made on the life of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo; a month later, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.

November 12, 1918 - a date marking the proclamation of Austria as a republic, and with it the end of the centuries-old Habsburg dynasty. According to the peace treaty of September 1919, Austria was forced to recognize the state independence of Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Austria is losing its influence in neighboring Romania and Bulgaria. All this together became the cause of a serious economic crisis that lasted in Austria until the mid-20s and was accompanied by a shortage of material food resources. Gradually, and thanks to successful actions by the federal government, the situation stabilized.

In the Second world war Austria entered even before it began: on March 11, 1938, troops from neighboring Germany marched through the streets of Vienna, and an Austrian by birth, who had recently left the country as a failed, unrecognized artist, Adolf Hitler was greeted in triumph on Vienna’s main square, Heldenplatz. Seven years will pass before the liberation of Austria by the Allied forces. First

will enter Vienna on April 11, 1945 soviet tanks. At the end of the war, Austria and Vienna, as a special district, were divided into four areas of responsibility. On May 15, 1955, in the Belvedere Palace, a state treaty was signed between the victorious countries and Austria, proclaiming the political neutrality of Austria, and the allied troops were withdrawn from its borders.

Times " cold war"brought diplomatic fame to Austria, its capital Vienna. Representative offices of the largest international organizations, including the UN. The country's economy developed successfully.

Brief economic essay

Austria is one of the most economically developed countries in Europe. Extraction of iron ore, magnesite, brown coal, oil, graphite, lead-zinc and tungsten ores. The most developed are: mechanical engineering (transport, agricultural, electrical industries), ferrous metallurgy, aluminum production, chemical, pulp and paper, woodworking, textile, leather, footwear, and clothing industries. Agriculture intensively and highly commercially; Large land ownership predominates. The leading industry is dairy farming. Poultry farming. They grow wheat, barley, sugar beets, and fodder crops. Fruit growing and viticulture.

The monetary unit is the Austrian schilling.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. From Romanesque monuments to today preserve the purity of style of the basilicas in Gurka and Seckau and the Cathedral of St. Stephen's in Vienna (partially rebuilt).

Gothic monuments have not actually survived. Only some elements of the Gothic past are visible in cathedral St. Stefan (Vienna), in some buildings in Innsbruck (for example, the so-called “Golden Roof”).

Austrian art acquired wide international significance in the Baroque era (XVII-XVIII centuries). At this time, magnificent country residences, monasteries, city palaces and churches were erected in Vienna, Salzburg, Melk, Linz, distinguished by their large scale, plastic richness of forms and decor and at the same time - * cold elegance. The art of sculpture, painting (D. Gran, P. Troger, F. A. Maulberg), carving, furniture, and ceramics (the famous Viennese porcelain since 1718) reached its highest peak.

The science. K. Doppler (1803-1853) - physicist who pointed out the existence of an effect later named after him (a change in wavelength observed when a wave source moves relative to its receiver); L. Boltzmann (1844-1906) - one of the founders of statistical physics and physical kinetics; E. Mach (1838-1916) - physicist, idealist philosopher, one of the founders of empirio-criticism (Machism); G. Mendel (1822-1884) - natural scientist, founder of the doctrine of heredity; K. Landsteiner (1868-1943) - one of the founders of immunology; V.F. Hess - physicist who discovered cosmic rays; F. Porsche (1875-1951), Austrian engineer, creator of the electric car; 3. Freud (1856-1939) - founder of psychoanalysis.

Literature. S. Zweig (1881-1942) - master of psychological short stories (collections “Amok”, “Confusion of Feelings”, etc.) and portraits (Stendhal, Z. Freud, F. Nietzsche, F. M. Dostoevsky and many others), novelized biography (“Marie Antoinette”, “Balzac”).

Music. Of all the arts, Music has always been the most important for Austria. Already from the 12th century. Vienna was famous for its minnesing troubadours and traveling musicians.

During the XVIII-XIX centuries. Vienna, thanks to the patronage of the Habsburg family, was the musical capital of Europe. Moreover, many members of the imperial family were themselves passionate musicians. The most diverse forms of classical music first appeared to the world of listeners here in the Danube lands.

Opera, which originated as a musical genre in Italy at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, found fertile ground in Vienna, reached the apotheosis of popularity and highest level development. Here Christoph Willibald von Gluck (1714-1787) reformed the genre of opera by combining music with certain dramatic forms (for example, in Orpheus and Eurydice or Alceste).

On new level development of the opera was elevated by the genius of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791), who took Gluck’s place in the court orchestra from 1787: “The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni” (1787) with a libretto in Italian, “The Magic Flute” ( 1791), called the progenitor of German opera in the 19th century.

Mozart's teacher is Joseph Haydn (1732-1809), the most significant figure in the musical life of Europe in the 18th century. Haydn conducted the Esterhazy Orchestra for 38 years. Then his famous oratorios “Creation” (1798) and “The Seasons” (1801) appeared.

Ludwig van Beethoven, born in Bonn, came to Vienna at the age of 21, already a virtuoso pianist, specifically to study with Haydn. He remained in this city until his death, changing about 80 addresses one after another.

The name of Franz Schubert (1797-1828) is associated with the return to life of the traditions of ancient German folk song. The most famous cycle is called the Schubertiad.

For a foreigner not versed in the subtleties of music, the most familiar of all the genres that have made Austria famous is the waltz. Born in Vienna in early XIX c., the waltz was accepted with approval at the Congress of Vienna, which decided the fate of post-Poleonic Europe. The first composers of waltzes are considered to be Johann Strauss the Elder (1804-1849) and Joseph Lanner (1801-1843). Johann Strauss Jr. (1825-1899) with his “Blue Danube” and “Vienna Woods” remains unsurpassed. The genre of operetta, where the composer shone just as brightly, stood on a par with opera and ballet. His operettas are best known " Bat"(1874), "The Gypsy Baron" (1885).

Other musical celebrities of 19th century Austria include: Anton Bruckner (1824-1896), an outstanding organist and composer of church music; Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), romantic composer; Gustav Mahler (1860-1911), author of a cycle of symphonies and director of the Vienna Imperial Opera from 1897 to 1907; Richard Strauss (1864-1949).

In the 20th century in Vienna is issued " New school» music. Today, such musical performing groups as the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, the Vienna Boys' Choir, and the State Opera are world famous.

Detailed map Austria in Russian online. Satellite map Austria with cities and resorts, roads, streets and houses. Austria on the world map is a European country famous for its cultural heritage, amazingly beautiful urban architecture, as well as stunning landscapes, which include many lakes with crystal clear clean water, snow-capped mountain ranges, deep gorges and caves. The capital of Austria is the city of Vienna, the official language is German.

Austria - Wikipedia:

Population of Austria- 8,857,960 people (October 2018)
Capital of Austria- Vienna
Largest cities in Austria- Vienna, Salzburg, Innsbruck, Graz, Linz
Austria telephone code - 43
Internet domains in Austria- .at, .eu

Climatic conditions in Austria it is moderate. The coldest time in the country is winter, especially the month of January. The average winter temperature in the central regions is +9...+10, and in the mountains there are frosts down to -15 C. Summer in Austria, on the contrary, is very dry and hot. IN big cities the air can heat up to +30 C, but on average the temperature of the summer season is +23...+25 C.

All cities in Austria full interesting places and attractions. Old streets, architecture, palace complexes - all this can be seen in Vienna, Graz and other cities. Austria is also famous for its medieval castles.

But the country especially attracts tourists ski resorts. Many places for skiing offer slopes of varying levels of difficulty for beginners and professionals. In total, there are more than 28 resorts in Austria, the most famous of which are Schladming, Bad Gastein and Flachau. To travel around Austria, it is better to give preference to early autumn or spring, when the weather is most favorable.

What to see in Austria:

St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, Hofburg, Vienna City Hall, Schönbrunn, Belvedere, Salzburg Cathedral, Swarovski Museum in Innsbruck, Mirabell Palace, Wachau Valley, Benedictine Monastery in Melk, National Park Hohe Tauern, Landhaus, Marionette Museum, Untersberg Park, Mozart Residence, Museum Olympic Games, Piber Horse Farm, Orth Castle (Gmunden), Mödling.

Austria is a small country in the very center of Europe. Population 8.46 million people. The capital is Vienna. The form of government is a federation, a parliamentary republic.

Many beautiful corners attract crowds of tourists here every year. Those who want to visit this country will definitely need a detailed map of Austria. It will help you navigate the roads and get to the area of ​​interest as quickly as possible.

Austria on the world map: geography, nature and climate

Austria is a relatively small mountainous country - a record holder for the number of neighbors. Austria on the world map neighbors the dwarf state of Liechtenstein and Switzerland in the west, Germany and the Czech Republic in the north, Slovakia and Hungary in the east, Slovenia and Italy in the south.

75% of Austria's territory is occupied by Eastern Alps. Their wide ridges stretch to the east, where they spread out like an open fan. These are young mountains of folded or block-folded origin. The highest point in Austria is Großglockner mountain(over 3.7 km high). It is now owned by the Austrian Alpine Community. At its foot lies the largest glacier in the country - Pasterze, stretching for nine kilometers. You can see it in all its glory from the Großglockner high mountain road. The map of Austria in Russian will help you with this. This intricately twisting serpentine has about 36 turns.

Business card of the country - Vienna Woods. On one side are the Danube Valley and picturesque vineyards, and on the other are the hot sulfur springs of the Baden resort. The forest itself occupies 1250 km 2. These are oak and beech groves that are protected by UNESCO.

Of great interest is also Central Danube Plain. This tectonic lowland is rich in fertile soils. The territory of Austria is rich in river valleys. The largest water arteries are Danube, Rhine Inn. IN summer time tourists love to relax on lakes. Due to their glacial origin, they are all quite deep, with cold water.

Climatic conditions are characterized by vertical zoning. The lowlands have a moderately warm climate. The average temperature in July is +18 degrees, and in January it rarely drops below zero. These figures are typical for Vienna.

In high mountain areas normal occurrence frosts, heavy snowstorms and snowfalls are considered. In summer, thermometers rarely rise above + 36˚C. The first night frosts occur in October. In January and February, the temperature drops to -8 - - 10 ˚C. Ski resorts are characterized by mild temperatures of -2˚C and heavy snowfalls.

The flora of Austria is represented by both mixed and deciduous forests. In the south of the country the proximity of the Mediterranean is clearly felt. Subtropical plant species can be found here. Important place V flora This country is occupied by shrubs and grasses. There are no trees in the so-called alpine belt. But here you can admire such a miracle of nature as edelweiss.

The Austrian Alps are home to a large population of wild animals. However, they do not always withstand competition with humans. Some species have been preserved only thanks to nature reserves. There you can get acquainted with such rare species as roe deer, wild boars, and red deer. The highlands are home to chamois, ibexes and purple herons. Mountain rivers and lakes are rich different types fish

Map of Austria with cities. Administrative division of the country

Map of Austria with cities in Russian divided into 9 federal states. Each of them has its own legislative body. It's called the Landtag. These territories are governed by land councilors and governors.

Largest cities in Austria:

• Vein. The main city of Austria, lying at the very foot of the Alps on the Danube coast. Slovakia and Hungary are only 60 kilometers from Vienna. There are many sunny days here. Winters are mild, but sometimes frosts can become quite bitter (down to -18˚C). But summer is extremely hot – up to + 38˚C.
• Salzburg. The capital of the federal state of the same name. It is located 145 km east of Munich, 300 km west of Vienna. from Salzburg to the German border is only 5 kilometers. Located on the coast of the Salzach River, at the foot of the Alpine Mountains. Average temperatures in July are from +24 to + 32˚C, in January - -3 - - 5˚C.
• Hallstatt. Population: 923 people. Area - 60 km². Is a monument World Heritage UNESCO. Located in the alpine area near Lake Hallstatt. Here are salt mines that are more than 3,000 years old and the oldest pipeline in the world, which has been delivering dissolved salt to Ebensee for more than four hundred years.

Having visited the country at any time of the year, you will want to return to this amazing state more than once.

The Republic of Austria is a prosperous democratic state located in Central Europe, in the international Danube basin. The state occupies a small area, only 83,858 square meters. km, is a model for those who want to live in organic unity with nature.

Austria is a continental landlocked country. Its northern neighbor is the Czech Republic, in the northeast Austria borders on Slovakia. Austria's eastern border with Hungary is famous for having its lowest point. It is the salt marsh lake Neusiedler See, located at an altitude of 115 m above sea level. The southern border of Austria is formed by Slovenia and Italy. The state has the longest border in the west. It is formed by: Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Germany. The eastern regions of the country are the most densely populated and economically developed.

The country's territory is dominated by mountainous terrain: 70% of the state's area is occupied by the Eastern Alps and their spurs. The most high point Austria is the Großglockner mountain (3797 m), located in the Central Crystalline Alps. The popularity of the mountain is contributed by the Pasterze glacier located here, the largest in Europe.

Here's where Austria is on the world map:

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