Which tooth comes out first in a child? If you lose your appetite...

One of the important stages of baby development is teething. Before the parents had time to breathe a sigh of relief after the newborn’s colic had ended, a new test awaited them. The process of the appearance of a child’s first baby teeth can take quite a long time and in many cases be accompanied by symptoms that not only cause discomfort to the baby, but also cause painful sensations. In such cases, it is quite difficult to determine whether such symptoms are actually caused by teething or disease.

Regardless of how a baby’s teeth come out - with a rise in temperature, a runny nose and a capricious mood, or completely unnoticed, all parents look forward to the appearance of their baby’s first tooth. For many families, such an event even becomes a small, unique holiday with obligatory photos as a souvenir.

The baby's first tooth is a source of pride for the whole family, as well as a symbol of the transition to new stage growing up. This is why parents are so worried about timing and are trying to calculate whether the baby’s development meets established standards.

During the period when children are teething, main question, which all parents ask - how many months should the very first erupt? baby tooth. They are also interested in the order in which the remaining canines, incisors and molars come out during normal teething and how to help the child if they come out too painfully.

Standard timing for the appearance of teeth in infants

Each child’s body is individual and has its own characteristics - it is not so easy to accurately predict at what point a particular baby’s teeth will come out. There are a number of factors that significantly influence the time limits for the eruption of the first and subsequent teeth. These include:

1. Heredity.
2. Child nutrition. Is there enough calcium that the body receives?
3. Climate. In hotter climates, children start teething earlier.
4. Gender. More often, the first teeth erupt in girls earlier than in boys.

In addition to these factors, the time for teeth to appear can be affected by:

• child's race;
• mother's diet during pregnancy;
• environmental situation in the place of residence and other features.

There are certain generally accepted age standards teething. They are averaged and not strict, but it is from them that all pediatricians start when assessing the child’s development during examination. For the appearance of the first teeth, the normal age is 6-8 months, and by the age of one year their number usually increases to 8.

The standard situation is when by the age of three the child already has all 20 “beauties”, but even after three years it is quite natural that the child still continues to cut his last molars.

Early eruption of baby teeth

There are cases when the baby’s first milk teeth appear 1-3 months earlier than the known period. Such a deviation from the norm should not frighten parents too much. The reason for early teething may be the mother's intake of complex multivitamins and minerals during pregnancy, including vitamin D and calcium, as well as excessive consumption fermented milk products, which include cheese, cottage cheese and kefir.

child with early teeth It is recommended to show it to the dentist once every six months - the earlier the teeth appeared, the higher the likelihood of a problem such as caries. If the baby has teeth before 2-3 months, then the baby needs additional examination. So early age eruption may indicate hormonal disorders or pathologies associated with mineral metabolism in the body.

Late first teeth

The opposite situation also occurs, when the baby is already a year old and still has no teeth. Since by the age of one year the smile of the baby in the photo should please with at least 1-2 teeth, a baby without a single tooth should be taken to the dentist for examination in order to exclude it from the list possible reasons illness or developmental defect.

What can cause delay in teething:

• rickets or other disorder mineral metabolism in the child’s body;
• frequent illness and weakened body;
• endocrine pathology;
• poor nutrition and late introduction of complementary foods due to allergies to cottage cheese, eggs, vegetables;
• pathology of the gastrointestinal tract with disturbances in the processes of digestion and absorption;
• prematurity - the earlier the baby is born, the greater the delay in eruption;
• genetic predisposition;
• hereditary diseases of bone and cartilage tissue;
• edentia is a congenital malformation, which consists in the absence of the rudiments of baby teeth.

Time limits and sequence of teething in a child

This article talks about typical ways to solve your issues, but each case is unique! If you want to find out from me how to solve your particular problem, ask your question. It's fast and free!

The table shows age norms and the order of teething in children:

Should not be taken this diagram like a clear schedule of when and in what order children cut their teeth. It is believed that the baby's lower front incisors are the first to appear. It may well happen that the upper incisors or even canines appear first - this is absolutely normal and only means that the child has his own physiological characteristics body.

The only thing worth paying attention to in the cutting sequence is pairing. If one tooth of a pair has appeared, but the second is not there yet, while the others are already starting to cut, you should consult a dentist. Such a disorder may be a sign of a congenital anomaly.

If your baby has a timing or sequence problem, this is not a sign of developmental problems. This diagram shows how teething occurs in most cases, and nothing more.

The most common questions related to the appearance of teeth in infants

1. How long does it usually take to cut the first tooth? Most often, the eruption itself lasts about 1-3 days and it can be very difficult to understand when exactly the process began. Often parents, and sometimes pediatricians themselves, with moderate swelling of the gums and severe drooling They mistakenly believe that eruption has already begun. It is important to know: similar signs may appear in a child several months before the appearance of the first tooth (we recommend reading:).
2. Is teething the most painful thing for a baby? This is true. The cause of particularly strong pain is the structure of the fang itself: sharp, uneven edges and thickness.
3. Is the sequence in the appearance of upper and lower teeth important? As with any deviation from the standard eruption order, the top or lower teeth- doesn't matter. Everything depends solely on the individual characteristics of the body.

Caring for baby teeth

There is a general consensus among pediatricians that there is no need to brush a child's teeth before the age of two, but it is worth monitoring their health from the very first tooth. In this matter, general hygiene and healthy image life of the crumbs. Simple rules must be followed:

1. In the house where the child lives, the air should be cool and humid, then saliva will oral cavity will not dry out, and this prevents reproduction large quantity bacteria.
2. Food shouldn't for a long time be in the mouth of infants. Constantly monitor children with this habit and promptly remove food debris.
3. In addition to other drinks, give your child clean water to drink throughout the day. In addition to quenching thirst, it helps flush out bacteria and food remaining in the mouth.
4. The first thing you should teach your child to do before learning to brush his teeth is to rinse his mouth with water.

The most important facts about baby teeth in children

As a result, you can collect all the most important information related to teething into a single list of facts:

• a deviation of 6 months on both sides of the age limit is normal;
• violation of the accepted order is not a sign of pathology or any disease;
• there are no such methods or medicines, which could speed up or, conversely, slow down the process of teething, as well as determine in advance the order in which the child’s teeth appear;
• during a difficult period for a child, his condition can be alleviated with the help of special chilled teethers, which temporarily reduce itching and relieve discomfort (it is not recommended to let children chew carrots, apples, bagels or crackers instead of teethers, as the child may simply choke on them);
• When the child turns one year old, he should be taken to the dentist for an examination: the doctor will do overall rating condition and development of the oral cavity, count the number of teeth, check the condition of the gums and the functioning of the jaw joint, and also look at how the frenulum of the tongue has formed, because its irregular shape may subsequently lead to incorrect pronunciation of some sounds.

If the baby does not have any obvious problems with his teeth, then from the age of one, visiting the dentist once a year will be enough. The rest of the time you should just accustom the little one to proper care behind your teeth.

One of the most significant events in a family where there is a child under one year old, the appearance of the first tooth. Parents proudly accept this fact as an undoubted sign of the baby’s growing up. But every mother should be prepared for the fact that teething is painful process for a baby, often accompanied by a rise in temperature. In this article, we will teach you to recognize the signs of teething and tell you how to help your baby cope with painful sensations.

When can I expect my first tooth?

Teething is the process of teeth emerging from the gums as a result of growth. Typically, teeth begin to emerge around 6 months of age and finish appearing around 3 years of age. For some children, this process may begin as early as 3 months, while for others only at the age of one year, but this has absolutely no effect on the physical and mental development of the baby. For example, girls usually develop teeth earlier than boys. Advice from Nutrilon®: If your baby still has no teeth by 12 months, bring this to the attention of your doctor. Sometimes late teething turns out to be a congenital property, but it is better to consult a pediatrician once again.

Approximate order of teething:

Central incisors on lower jaw– from 3 months

Incisors on upper jaw– 6-9 months

Lateral incisors on the upper jaw - by about 10 months

Lateral incisors on the lower jaw - by 11-12 months.

Typically, by the age of 1 year, babies have 8 teeth. We remind you once again that a smaller number of teeth by this time is not a developmental deviation.

First molars on the upper and lower jaw – 12–15 months.

Fangs are cut after 18 months. The nerve responsible for the movement and reactions of the upper part of the face passes through the area where these teeth are located. Therefore, teething is most often the most painful for a child.

By the age of 2, there are 8 teeth on each jaw.

By 3 years – 10 teeth. 20 teeth are a complete set of baby teeth, which begin to be replaced by molars at 7–9 years of age.

Nutrilon® Tip: Don't worry if your baby's baby teeth are positioned asymmetrically. There's nothing wrong with that! After your baby's first 16 teeth grow in, they will begin to correct location during the process of chewing food.

Signs of teething:

Swelling and redness of the gums. The first sign of teething soon is redness and swelling of the gums. A few days before the tooth appears, you can “tap” it in the gum with a spoon or palpate it.

Increased body temperature often becomes the first sign of teething.

Increased salivation and itchy gums. The child puts everything in his mouth: toys, pacifier, fingers; some may even chew the bars of their crib. The child more often demands the breast or a bottle of milk. Either he can or bottles because his gums hurt.

Indigestion, loss of appetite.

Infectious diseases. If the baby’s immunity is weakened, infectious diseases may develop faster as teething occurs.

Pain in the ears and nose. The organs of the face are interconnected, therefore, especially with reduced immunity, pain can spread to the ears and nose. A child touches his ear and may develop a runny nose.

Redness of the cheeks.

Changing the baby's behavior. The child becomes nervous, sleeps poorly, screams at night.

How to help your baby teething?

Teething often causes discomfort in the child: he becomes restless and irritable. Children are usually most tormented by the appearance of their first teeth, since they are not yet accustomed to this sensation. It is worth remembering that the pain threshold in children is different, as in adults. For some, teething is more painful than for others. You can help your child relieve pain by following our recommendations.

Tips for relieving your child's condition

Talk to your doctor about how to relieve pain. He may prescribe painkillers and medications to reduce fever. You can also purchase special gels for teething at the pharmacy.

Give your baby a teether. A baby silicone teething ring that he can chew on will help relieve the pain. It's good to cool it in the refrigerator first. You can give your child a cooled terry cloth to chew on.

Protect your baby's skin. Apply to chin, neck and chest baby protective cream to reduce skin irritation in those areas of the body that come into contact with saliva.

Massage your gums. It can be carried out with pain-relieving gels, oils (chamomile, clove), a piece of ice wrapped in a cloth.

Compresses. You can apply compresses with herbal decoctions (chamomile, oak bark) to the gums.

The health of a child must be taken care of from birth. Especially when it comes to dental health. The nature of the appearance of milk teeth, their further replacement by permanent ones, is important point physical development child.

When teeth start cutting

Usually, a baby's first milk teeth begin to appear by the age of six to eight months. These are average results. Therefore, if you do not fit into the generally accepted deadlines, do not panic. Each organism is individual. The first tooth may appear at four months, or it may not yet appear at ten months. This depends on many factors, both external and internal. For example, the quality of water, the nature of nutrition (breast or artificial), and the climatic conditions in which the child lives may have an effect. It is believed that the hotter the climate, the earlier the baby should start teething. Although this is not a common truth.

The timing of teeth appearance can be affected by heredity and genetic predisposition. If the baby’s grandmother or grandfather already had several teeth at six months, it is likely that the child’s first teeth will appear much earlier than the generally accepted date.

The health of the mother during pregnancy plays an important role: how she felt, what she ate, whether her body received sufficient quantity all vitamins and microelements. This is why it is especially important to monitor balanced diet during pregnancy. After all, the rudiments of teeth are formed in the baby’s body long before his birth, approximately in the third or fourth month of the expectant mother’s pregnancy. The overall health of the child often depends on how complete her nutrition is. proper development everyone internal organs, as well as teeth.

For the expectant mother You should avoid using tetracycline during pregnancy. When it combines with calcium, it reacts and colors the teeth greenish or brownish. For the same reason, it is not prescribed to children under 13-14 years of age, until their teeth are fully formed.

The order of eruption of all baby teeth

By the age of 2.5–3 years, your child should acquire a full set of 20 baby teeth. And it all starts much earlier. At about six months, the baby’s first two lower teeth appear, and a month later, two upper teeth. At this time, children are especially cute: with four incisors, they look like funny rabbits, especially when they smile.

By the age of one year, a child can already be called a decent toother. It boasts eight teeth - four lower and upper incisors. In the period from one to one and a half years, the baby develops 4 more teeth, his first molars - 2 below and 2 above. In a month or two, four more teeth will come out - two lower and two upper canines. And the eruption of baby teeth is completed by the second molars, 2 at the top and 2 at the bottom. This period occurs when the baby is between 2 and 3 years old.

I would like to remind you once again that these are average statistical indicators that can only be used as a guide. Therefore, your child may have shifts in the timing of teeth appearance in one direction or the other, which is not considered an anomaly. Early or late appearance of teeth does not affect their quality in any way.

The erupted milk teeth are tightly pressed against each other, there are no gaps or cracks between them. But, as the time approaches for the replacement of baby teeth with permanent ones, gaps between the teeth should appear. Nature has thought out everything down to the smallest detail: otherwise permanent teeth, which are larger than dairy ones, simply will not fit into the vacant space and will begin to grow crookedly.

Peculiarities of teething in a child

Your baby's first tooth can erupt either alone or in pairs with another. The same picture can emerge with the appearance of subsequent teeth. Sometimes 4 teeth go at once. This is not a deviation; the massive appearance of teeth only affects the timing of their eruption.

There are cases when the very order in which teeth appear changes. For example, canines will appear before the first molars. This is not considered a developmental disorder, it’s just that nature decided to play a little prank, which manifested itself in the individual characteristics of your baby’s teething.

Previously, there was an assumption that the late appearance of teeth in children was caused by a disease such as rickets. But after numerous studies, scientists came to the conclusion that this assumption is erroneous. And a delay in the eruption of baby teeth is typical for many quite healthy and normal developing babies.

No matter what time your child’s teeth erupt, this period is considered normal for him. This applies to baby teeth, permanent teeth, and wisdom teeth. You should be wary of only one thing - if the child has not erupted a single tooth until he is one year old. In this case, you can begin to sound the alarm and assume that the reason for such a frank delay in the appearance of teeth may be any hidden diseases, including rickets.

Teething: Signs and Symptoms

How do you know when your baby is starting to teethe? Closer to six months, you can check your baby's gums. If his teeth are about to come in, his gums will be red and slightly swollen. This is explained by the increased blood supply to this area of ​​the oral mucosa.

The appearance of the first teeth gives a child a lot of anxiety. A week or two before their appearance, the baby begins to cry often, rub his gums with his fists, chew on the crib, and pull objects into his mouth. At this time, the teeth break through the gums, mechanical irritation of the nerve endings occurs, so the gums begin to hurt, itch and itch. Formed increased salivation, which the child cannot cope with on his own, because does not yet know how to regulate the amount of saliva produced in the mouth. If dripping drool is not wiped away, it can irritate your baby's skin and cause blemishes around the mouth. small pimples or redness.

The baby may have a runny nose. It is provoked by the glands of the nasal mucosa, which begin to secrete increased amount mucus. Against the background of teething, mucus looks watery - fluid and transparent. This type of runny nose lasts no more than three to four days. It does not require treatment; it is only necessary, as necessary, to mechanically clean the child’s nose of mucus.

Along common paths nervous system, the pain may radiate to the ears. Therefore, the child begins to pull his ears or scratch them. This is how he tries to relieve the itching and painful sensations. When feeding, the baby becomes fussy, tries to dodge the spoon with food, and his appetite decreases. You shouldn’t force feed him, it’s better to give him more liquid.

As soon as the child’s tooth erupts, all negative symptoms should disappear on their own. You should not put your hands in your child’s mouth to check whether a tooth has erupted or not. This can easily introduce an infection into the oral cavity. It's better to examine his mouth when he yawns or smiles. The appearance of a tooth can also be noticed by accident. When feeding your baby with an iron spoon, you will hear a characteristic sound.

Diarrhea and fever during teething

As teeth appear, the baby may develop diarrhea. Most often, it appears due to a change in the child’s usual diet and disruption of the intestinal microflora. The mother, wanting to calm the child down and ease his suffering, begins to feed him more often and give him new foods. And the baby, wanting to relieve the itching, pulls all surrounding objects into his mouth. Such diarrhea lasts no more than two days, as a rule, it is watery, and not frequent - up to three times a day.

An elevated temperature in a child when the first or next tooth appears is not such a rare occurrence. Usually it should not rise above 38C. If the thermometer shows a temperature of 38.5, 39 or higher, it is better to play it safe and call a doctor. Because A particularly high temperature can be either an individual reaction of the body to teething or a manifestation of symptoms of any infection, including intestinal. Especially if the temperature accompanies frequent diarrhea, which does not go away after the tooth erupts.

How to help your baby when teething

The teething process is not always painless for the child. He becomes restless, moody, and cries often. Don’t be afraid to spoil your baby; take him in your arms more often, caress him and feel sorry for him.

There are several other ways you can help your child in this situation:

- you need to purchase teethers - plastic or rubber rings or toys that the baby can scratch his gums on and reduce itching. Teethers with liquid inside have a particularly calming effect. Before giving it to a child to chew, it must be cooled, for example, in the refrigerator. If the baby refuses the teether, you can give him regular drying;

- use soothing gels. Almost all similar means contain painkillers in small doses, such as lidocaine and fillers (menthol to cool the gums, flavoring agents, astringents). They've all passed clinical trials, have been approved by pediatricians, they do not have side effects. These are Kalgel, Mundizal, Dentinox, etc. These drugs do not have strict order application, they are smeared on the gums when they hurt and the baby is restless. Unnecessarily, for prevention, gels should not be used. Usually, the baby’s gums are smeared no more than 3-4 times for no more than three days in a row. If a child is allergic to lidocaine, use Doctor Baby gel, which is specially designed for children with allergies;

- you can massage the baby’s gums index finger, having previously wrapped it in a clean gauze swab. Before the massage, the tampon must be wetted in cold water and squeeze. If you don’t have time to manipulate a gauze swab, you can buy a massage brush made especially for such cases, which you put on your finger;

- some babies are helped by sucking on a cold iron spoon or a pacifier that has been cooled beforehand. To avoid introducing bacteria and microbes into the child’s body that are contained in the saliva of an adult, do not lick nipples and pacifiers and do not try food from the baby’s spoon;

To prevent the constantly flowing saliva from irritating the child’s skin as it drips, it is necessary to wipe it with a clean napkin or towel. In order not to injure the baby’s delicate skin, it is better not to wipe off the saliva, but to blot it. When the child is sleeping, if there is strong salivation, you can put a cloth napkin under his head. Then you won't have to change the sheets often.

During teething, the child feels physiological discomfort, which causes stress on the nervous system. Unlike older children, children in the first years of life experience fatigue and exhaustion nerve functions comes much faster. Inflammatory processes gums cause fever, cause diarrhea and prevent the child from sleeping. Conventional drugs have only an analgesic or anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, doctors usually recommend Dentokind, specially created for children, which, in addition to analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, calms the nervous system and stabilizes sleep.

In this article:

Teething in a baby is both a great joy and a small tragedy in the life of parents and baby. It is at this time that many young mothers must undergo a test of strength and endurance for the first time. It’s great if the child reacts calmly to the first teeth. But more often than not, teething symptoms bring a lot of stress to babies. discomfort, to which they respond with a violent reaction.

All children are unique, and observations that were made of children infancy, have proven that the symptoms of teething in infants vary widely and depend entirely on certain factors and individual characteristics of the body. The main thing is to carefully monitor the child’s well-being at this difficult moment for him and, if necessary, provide him with help.

At what age does teething begin?

A child's teeth begin to develop long before he is born. The formation of the primordia of baby teeth occurs at the 7th week of pregnancy in the womb. And the time when the first signs of teething appear in a baby is quite individual. It varies over time for different children, and various factors influence the age and speed of teething.

Among them it should be noted:

• features of pregnancy;
• climatic conditions in which the child was born and lives;
• heredity;
• height and weight of the child;
• time of fontanelle closure;
• illnesses in the first weeks and months of the baby’s life;
• individual characteristics of the body.

Sometimes a newborn is born with one or more teeth already present. Of course, this is an exception to the rule. In most cases, symptoms appear much later when the first teeth are cut. According to statistics, many children erupt their first tooth at the age of 7 months.

According to average values, infants’ teeth appear in the following order:

• lower incisors - from 6 to 9 months;
• upper incisors - 7-10 months;
• upper canines - 12-24 months;
• lower canines - 2 months later than upper ones;
• first lower molar- 12-16 months;
• second lower molar - 20-25 months;
• first upper molar - 13-19 months;
• second upper molar - 20-25 months.

It’s worth noting right away that these timings are quite approximate, the baby’s teeth may appear a little earlier or later than these time values, only one thing coincides - usually they always appear one after another according to this schedule.

In rare cases, the moment of the appearance of the first teeth may be delayed indefinitely, and the baby may meet his first birthday with a toothless smile. In any case, there is no need to panic: most likely, this individual feature child's body, and teeth will definitely appear soon.

Signs of teething

The process of teething in infants often occurs with accompanying ailments: increased excitability of the nervous system, disruption of the child’s sleep, causeless crying and persistent lack of appetite. In this case, the baby will try to put everything that gets in his way into his mouth - this is caused by severe itching and irritation of the gums. Signs that occur during teething are divided into general, local and controversial. Let's take a closer look at them.

General signs

General signs of teething in babies affect the functioning of the entire body. At the same time, they can be characterized both as signs of rapid teething, and as symptoms of the development of a disease, for example: colds, intestinal infection, poisoning, etc.

TO general symptoms eruption of upper and lower teeth in children include:

• increased body temperature;
• weakness, general feeling of poor health;
• lack of appetite;
• sleep disturbances, severe anxiety.

If the listed signs appear unexpectedly and continue for quite a long time, while the baby’s gums and behavior are not typical for signs of the appearance of first teeth, you should consult a doctor. More likely, we're talking about about some disease that has nothing to do with the baby’s dental problems.

Local signs

Local signs of teething in children first appear at the age of 5 months.

These include:

• increased salivation;
• gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, flatulence;
• refusal of breastfeeding;
• swelling of the gums, redness;
• nasal congestion, slight runny nose;
• The child constantly keeps his fingers or fist in his mouth.

A little later, when the teeth begin to approach the very surface of the gum, small whitish bumps form on it.

In rare cases, as local reaction A rash can be seen on the baby’s chin and cheeks, which is also a reaction of the body in response to teething.

Controversial signs

Controversial symptoms of teething in babies include the following:

• bowel dysfunction due to ingestion of large amounts of saliva with food: diarrhea appears, which can last up to 3 days;
• itching covering the gums, cheeks, ears, nose, resulting from irritation of the mucous membranes and skin increased salivation;
• single vomiting, which is quite rare, but this sign should not be excluded (if vomiting is repeated, and against its background the body temperature has increased, we are more likely talking about the presence in the body viral infection rather than symptoms of teething syndrome);
• an increase in body temperature, which can be observed in almost 50% of babies: normally the temperature can rise to 38°, it should last no more than 3 days.

If your baby's teething symptoms resemble clinical picture ARVI, perhaps you should think not about the child’s new teeth, but about visiting a doctor. You can often hear the opinion among young parents that fever and diarrhea during teething are a banal phenomenon. This is true, but only on condition that the body temperature does not rise above 38° and does not last longer than 3 days. Otherwise, we are talking about an infectious process in the body, and not about teeth. Of course, the body reacts by raising the temperature to inflammation in the gums, but this reaction cannot last long and cannot be pronounced.

Teething diarrhea also has its own characteristics; it has nothing in common with ordinary diarrhea. The child has loose stools up to 3 times a day due to swallowing too much saliva. If diarrhea continues for more than 3 days, the child may have brought something into his mouth that became the impetus for an intestinal infection. You need to see a doctor.

Features of teething

Many mothers are interested in why some children's teeth erupt earlier and others later. Dentists explain this by the rate of formation of the tooth root, namely the rate of division of its cells, since the roots of the teeth, like other organs in the human body, have a cellular structure.

Artificially influence this physiological process impossible. Therefore, it is not recommended to “help” teeth erupt from the gums, as some especially compassionate parents do by deliberately cutting or damaging the child’s gums. Firstly, it is completely useless - the tooth will erupt only when its time comes. Secondly, it is painful, and thirdly, an infection can be introduced into the resulting wound surface.

There are cases when children’s teeth after eruption have their own characteristics, for example:

• if the baby’s teeth are yellow-brown, most likely his mother, while pregnant, took antibiotics during the formation of tooth buds at the very beginning of pregnancy;
• a dark edging on the root neck of the tooth indicates that iron supplements or there is chronic inflammation in the child’s body;
• a yellow-green tint of teeth appears against the background of liver disease, impaired bilirubin metabolism and death of red blood cells;
• if the enamel has a red tint, then we can talk about congenital pathology porphyria pigment exchange or the mother taking tetracycline drugs during pregnancy;
• if the baby’s teeth are positioned incorrectly, the reasons may be constitutional features specific person(usually small jaw size), trauma, inborn error of metabolism connective tissue, jaw tumors.

If a baby’s teeth grow correctly and in a timely manner, this indicates normal development child, since the process of teething is directly related to general condition his body.

But there are situations when not everything is so smooth, and problems that arise during the eruption of baby teeth indicate the presence of pathology:

• abnormal development of the tooth (wrong color, size, shape) - the cause of this pathology must be diagnosed by a doctor;
• teething with a slope from the general arch of the dentition indicates incorrect localization of the tooth axis;
• appearance of baby teeth several months earlier: possibly a result endocrine pathologies in organism;
• the first teeth appear with a delay from general schedule for 2 or more months: speaks in favor of chronic infectious process in the body, disruption of activity digestive tract, metabolic pathologies;
• violation of the proper order of teething or the absence of any tooth also indicates potential problems in the body or is the result of infectious diseases suffered by the mother during pregnancy.

How to relieve pain?

Signs that a child will soon have his first teeth will be immediately noticed in the family. At this time, rare children remain calm and do not cause trouble to their parents. Most children go through this difficult period in their lives, showing violent discontent. How to relieve pain and discomfort for a child?

What can a young mother do?

1. Monitor body temperature. If the child sleeps poorly, refuses the breast or bottle, is capricious, and all this happens against the background elevated temperature- it must be knocked down. First, you can try to bring down the temperature without medications: undress the baby, remove his diaper, put him naked under one sheet, offer water - these simple methods can reduce body temperature to normal values. If this does not happen, you should give the child antipyretic drug based on Paracetamol.
2. Relief of discomfort in the gum area. To solve this problem you will need refrigerated teethers, a hard pacifier, and a gel with an anesthetic effect. Since each child is unique, a remedy to relieve itching and pain in the gums must be selected individually. Some people like teethers, while others cannot do without anesthetic gels.
3. Often, to relieve discomfort in the gums, young mothers use a chamomile decoction, which is gently rubbed into the gums and irritations on the baby’s cheeks and chin. Bee honey has the same effect.
4. As soon as the teeth begin to cut, the baby is offered solid food- apple, fresh cucumber. If your baby persistently refuses his usual food, you can temporarily replace it with cool baby foods, such as fruit puree or yoghurt. It is also important to avoid dehydration, since along with increased secretion saliva, the child’s body loses a lot of fluid.

What signs are common to all children when teething? It must be remembered that their appearance is a purely individual process. The sensations during teething, the speed of the process and the child’s tolerance of pain - it all depends on the individual baby. Fortunately, this picture concerns only the appearance of the first milk teeth.

Useful video about the appearance of the baby's first teeth

Parents have a lot of troubles with a baby in the first year of life, much of which is related to the appearance of teeth in the baby. When teething, the child experiences discomfort and needs increased attention from adults.

During this period, children experience various kinds ailments, sleep and appetite disturbances, behavior changes. Kids are capricious and often keep their parents awake at night. It is important for adults to be patient and help their child get through a difficult time without unnecessary pain and anxiety.

Symptoms of teething

In the baby’s gums there are tooth germs, which gradually develop and move “out”. From the moment of the first progress until the appearance of the tooth, about two months pass. Considering that in most cases, the first teeth appear in six-month-old babies, the first symptoms appear in the fourth month of the baby’s life.

It is important to know that for a number of reasons, teeth can erupt prematurely - at 3 or 4 months, so it is worth monitoring the corresponding symptoms and learning to distinguish them from the symptoms of diseases from the second month of the baby’s life.

How can you tell if your baby is teething? There is a set characteristic features, but not all of them will necessarily appear in one child. If a child is teething, the following symptoms are observed:

• Body temperature suddenly rises to 38-38.5 degrees or higher. You should call a doctor to your home, who will prescribe an antipyretic and examine the baby for diseases.
• The gums become swollen, and in the places where the teeth advance, the color of the mucous membranes becomes dark red. If the baby does not allow his parents to perform a thorough examination of the oral cavity, show him to a specialist.
• When a child is teething, salivation becomes noticeably more active.
• Observed moist cough due to the abundant production of saliva, which enters the larynx (mainly in a supine position).
• A slight runny nose appears, associated with an increase in mucus production in the nasal cavity, it lasts 3-4 days.
• The stool becomes liquefied because the baby swallows a lot of saliva and stimulates peristalsis. The number of bowel movements during the day practically does not increase.
• Salivation can provoke regurgitation and cause vomiting.
• Children have a desire to put into their mouths all objects that come to hand - they try to chew their fingers, toys, a corner of a diaper or blanket, etc. This is due to itching in the gums.
• They are getting worse.

Take a closer look at how the child behaves. Against the backdrop of the appearance of his first teeth, his general health worsens, his appetite decreases, his sleep becomes restless, daytime The baby is either excitable and hyperactive, or feels sluggish and capricious, constantly asking to be held. When infants' teeth appear on the surface, the gums are injured, causing pain. At this time, babies cry especially a lot and sleep little, they may develop bad smell from mouth.

These symptoms are characteristic of a number of diseases, including serious ones, so you should not “attribute” all the baby’s ailments to teeth. You need to understand in what cases it is necessary to call a doctor.

How to find out, bad feeling Is the baby due to illness or teething? Immunity in newborns decreases as the first teeth appear, which increases the risk of getting sick. Let's look at how the symptoms differ:

Cough during teething is a reflex associated with mechanical irritation of the larynx with copious saliva. The child simply clears his throat from time to time. If the cough intensifies over two days, interferes with eating and sleeping normally, is accompanied by shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, this is due to infectious disease, inflammation of the respiratory tract.

A slight runny nose due to teeth is characterized by transparent liquid discharge from the nose, but the baby feels fine. If an infection enters the body, the mucous discharge becomes thicker, acquires a yellowish or greenish tint, and a runny nose lasts more than 4 days.

When teeth come through, the temperature rises sharply and goes away in a day or two. It is easy to bring down; in addition to the temperature, there is no obsessive cough or other signs of a cold. In the presence of heavy discharge from the nose and other characteristic symptoms colds you need to call a doctor.

Stool liquefaction due to swallowing large amounts of saliva is not dangerous for the baby. The infection manifests itself serious disorder stomach, which is accompanied by diarrhea. If in stool If blood or mucus is present, you should immediately consult a doctor, as this is a sign of digestive diseases.

Children with weak immune systems during the period when their first teeth appear have an increased risk of developing oral diseases:

• – manifests itself in the form of wounds and ulcers on the mucous membranes;
• Thrush – a whitish coating appears on the tongue and gums (fungus develops), which causes itching and pain.

To avoid similar problems, the nutrition of a nursing mother should be complete, because breast milk– a source of substances necessary to strengthen immune system baby.

What time do teeth start cutting?

The timing of the appearance of the first tooth varies greatly - a baby can acquire one as early as three months or go toothless for almost a year. But the average age is 6 months.

It is important to know what months are normal developing child becomes toothy. If one year old baby teeth are completely missing, this is a reason to undergo examinations to identify possible pathology development. The causes of toothlessness include:

• birth premature;
• weak immunity;
• disturbances in activity endocrine system;
• food, poor useful substances, late introduction of complementary foods;
• absence of tooth germs (edentia);
• rickets.

If a child's teeth grow at 4 months, this is considered early. In this case premature development tooth germs are associated with the fact that during pregnancy the baby’s mother took vitamins and minerals in large quantities.

Even more early teething teeth in newborns (up to 3 months) indicates possible violation activity of the endocrine system - the child is prescribed a comprehensive examination.

It is useful for young parents to know which teeth are cut first, and at what age the child will acquire a “basic set”.

The diagram will help you understand how teeth cut in children from six months to three years. By one year the number of teeth ranges from 2 to 8, by three years – up to 20.

The table shows the deadlines that are considered to be the norm. But in practice, the order in which teeth appear may be different. This is not a cause for concern if teeth that appear at the wrong time grow in pairs. Violation of paired eruption requires a visit to a specialist - this may be due to the absence of a tooth germ or other problems.

Even if a child’s teeth are cutting according to plan, a one-year-old baby needs to be taken to the dentist for a routine examination.

Help a child

A cutting tooth causes discomfort to the baby, especially when sharp fangs with uneven edges pass through the gums. When the teeth of the upper row begin to cut, the child often experiences this - this is due to swelling of the upper jaw, which spreads higher and provokes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity.

If a baby erupts two pairs of teeth at the same time, his body experiences increased loads and can react severe malaise. Against this background, immunity decreases and care should be taken not to catch an infection.

When teeth are being cut, how can you help your child? Parents can ease their baby's condition by using the following tips:

1. An infant should receive his mother's breast upon request - this calms him, reduces pain, and gives him a feeling of security.
2. Special embossed teething toys made of safe material will help reduce itching in the gums and speed up the process of teeth appearing. For more information on how to choose the right teether for a baby, read the article at the link.
3. Massage will help reduce pain in swollen gums. To do this, the mother should thoroughly wash her hands with soap and gently massage the child’s gums with a piece of sterile bandage soaked in chamomile decoction, which has an anti-inflammatory effect. During the massage, you should not apply too much pressure so as not to cause unnecessary pain.
4. The gums are wiped with a solution of soda - a glass of warm boiled water add 1 teaspoon of soda and dissolve completely.

Cough and runny nose, which may accompany teething, do not require special treatment. High temperature knocked down with the drug prescribed by the pediatrician when examining the child.

If you are teething, how to relieve pain? You should not choose a painkiller on your own based on advertising or advice from friends. Medicine should be prescribed by a doctor after examining the baby. The specialist focuses on the child’s age and current health, taking into account the presence of contraindications and the condition of the oral cavity.

Drugs that provide pain relief during teething are available in various forms:

• syrup (usually this means general action based on ibuprofen or paracetamol);
• topical dental gel.

An erupted tooth disrupts the integrity of the mucous membrane and opens the gates of infection. It is important to carefully monitor oral hygiene and rinse regularly. boiled water rattles and teethers. After the first teeth appear, you should start brushing them with a special brush and gel paste for children over 0 years old without abrasive particles, which have a bactericidal effect.

Common Mistakes

Babies suffering from teething discomfort often have problems when their parents follow some popular advice.

"Freeze" A cooled object or product will help relieve discomfort in the gums, but its effect is short-lived. In this case, the child runs the risk of getting a cold in his throat, which will add to the pain in his gums. sharp deterioration well-being.

Biscuits instead of a teether. Stale bread and dry cookies can scratch inflamed gums, increasing pain. The baby may choke due to crumbs getting into the Airways. For a child over 6 months of age, smooth dryers that will not crumble are more suitable.

Soda instead of solution. It is unacceptable to use soda not dissolved in water to treat gums. The procedure will harm the baby and give him an additional portion of discomfort due to the specific taste.

Conclusion

The baby's capricious behavior bad dream at night have a strong impact on parents, primarily on the mother, who is next to the baby around the clock. Many people experience a loss of strength, begin to get irritated and nervous.

No matter what, the mother needs to behave calmly and affectionately with the baby. Tactile contact with the child, if possible, helps to cope with problems.

In children aged 1.5-3 years, during the period of teething, psychological vulnerability increases sharply. If you notice symptoms of new teeth appearing, reschedule late date planned activities to wean the baby from a pacifier or diaper, otherwise the baby will experience double stress.

Pay attention to your child’s menu - exclude foods that irritate or can damage the mucous membranes (sour berries and fruits, crackers, etc.), check the temperature of food and drink, since sore gums sensitive to hot.

It is necessary to help the baby during the period of teething and pay special attention to him. Communicate more with your child, play, read books, sing songs. When children feel protected, their body copes with problems more easily.