General antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics: list, names

Antibiotics help to cope with most diseases. Many do not like them, considering drugs dangerous to health (“one is treated, the other is maimed”). But it is difficult to argue with the fact that these drugs have stopped more than one epidemic. Moreover, due to their wide range of applications, people are less likely to die from infectious diseases. As a result, the life expectancy of people has increased significantly.

There is just one problem: viruses and bacteria can mutate and adapt to antibiotics (this property is called antibiotic resistance - the developed resistance of microorganisms to the action of a drug). That is why antibiotics, invented decades ago and considered almost a panacea for all infections, are now poorly effective in treating most diseases.

Scientists are forced to improve drugs, that is, to produce new generation drugs. On the this moment there are four generations of antibiotics wide application. In this article, we will compile a list of the most popular modern medicines new generation, we will analyze their main characteristics, indications, contraindications and prices.

Antibiotics a wide range actions - drugs of universal action, prescribed to combat large quantity pathogens (including those with an unknown source of infection). Unfortunately, this versatility is weak side: there is a possibility that antibiotics will begin to fight against beneficial microflora (for example, if a symbiotic intestinal flora, then dysbacteriosis occurs). That is why, after treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, it is required to restore normal level beneficial bacteria.

New generation drugs are universal and can affect a large number of pathogenic microbes.

New generation antibiotics are more effective than their predecessors because the bacteria have not yet had time to adapt to them. Besides:

new generation antibiotics are considered safer (have fewer side effects and are not so pronounced);
new generation antibiotics are easy to use - the first generation drugs had to be taken 3-4 times a day, and modern antibiotics are enough to take 1-2 times;
new generation antibiotics are being produced in different forms Oh. There are even medicines in the form of syrups and patches.

What tools are the most powerful

Having studied the reviews of doctors and patients, we can distinguish the most common broad-spectrum antibiotics from latest generation. We get the following list:

Sumamed.
Cefamandol.
Unidox Solutab.
Rulid.
Amoxiclav.
Lincomycin.
Cefoperazone.
Cefotaxime.
Cefixime.
Avelox.

Now let's look at each drug on this list in a little more detail.

Sumamed (Sumamed)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics from the list of new generation macrolides. They act due to azithromycin (in one capsule - 250 ml of the substance).

Sumamed is especially effective for fighting infections that affect the respiratory tract (tonsillitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia), skin and soft tissues, genitourinary system(for example, prostatitis) and the gastrointestinal tract (including intestinal infections). Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to macrolides, as well as in diseases of the liver and kidneys. It has mild side effects, which distinguishes Sumamed from other broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is taken one tablet per day for 3 days (then the course can be extended by a doctor).

The price of Sumemd depends on the form of release and packaging: capsules 250 mg, 6 pieces - from 320 rubles; 6 tablets 125 mg - from 290 rubles; 6 tablets 500 mg - from 377 rubles.

Cefamandol (Cefamandole)

Drug packaging.

The drug of the cephalosporin group of the latest generation. Rarely causes an adaptive reaction in microorganisms, therefore it is quite effective in combating gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, legionella, salmonella, as well as sexually transmitted pathogens. Often prescribed for colds and intestinal infections. Can be used as an alternative to cephalosporin if resistance to the latter is observed. Effective for the prevention of postoperative infectious complications. Of the minuses of the drug - its high price.

Unidox Solutab (Unidox Solutab)

A broad-spectrum antibiotic from the list of new generation tetracyclines. Active substance contains doxycycline. Available in the form of tablets of 100 mg (10 tablets per pack).

Effective in the fight against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, protozoa, anaerobes, atypical pathogens. Most often prescribed for the treatment colds, intestinal infections, prostatitis. Almost does not cause dysbacteriosis. Dosage for adults - 200 mg (2 tablets) once or twice a day. The price of the drug is approximately 280 rubles. for packing.

Rulid (Rulid)

Antibiotic of the fourth generation from the list of macrolides. The base substance is roxithromycin. Available in the form of tablets with a dosage of 150 mg. Enough once daily intake drug. Most often prescribed for infections of the upper respiratory tract, urogenital diseases (for example, prostatitis), intestinal, ondotological infections. Not recommended for use in renal failure. It is quite expensive - from 800 rubles. for 10 pieces.

Amoxiclav (Amoksiklav)

Fourth generation antibiotic packaging.

Antibiotic of the new generation from the list pharmacological group aminopenicillins. It has a wide spectrum of action, resistance to the action of beta-lactamase strains. Possesses mild action Therefore, it is used for both treatment and prevention. Unlike many fourth-generation antibiotics, it can be prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. Manufactured by Lek Pharma and Lek D.D. Available in powder form for intravenous administration, oral powder, tablets. The price of powders for injections - from 200 rubles, powders taken orally - from 60 rubles, 375 mg tablets - from 224 rubles.

Lincomycin (Lincomycin)

Widely used in dentistry.

One of the most affordable antibiotics for a wide range of applications. Sold in the form of ampoules for intravenous and intramuscular injection and in the form of capsules. The selective bacteriostatic action makes it possible to use it in cases where other drugs are ineffective due to the developed resistance. True, the same quality does not allow Lincomycin to be prescribed as a first line medicine. It is quite toxic and has a list of a large number side effects and contraindications, which should be familiarized with before taking the medicine. The cost of ampoules with a solution is from 68 rubles. for 10 pieces; the cost of capsules - from 73 rubles.

Cefoperazone (Cefoperazone)

Prices for an antibiotic in pharmacies for different forms and dosages - from 110 to 370 rubles. It has wide list applications: respiratory infections, urinary tract, skin and intestinal infections, inflammation of the pelvic organs, prostatitis, prevention after abdominal, gynecological and orthopedic operations. It belongs to the group of cephalosporins. Enough twice daily administration. As a rule, it shows good tolerance, side effects are rare. Unfortunately, it is only available in the form injection solution. Price - from 115 rubles.

Cefotaxime (Cefotaxime)

New generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is considered one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for most infectious and inflammatory diseases (colds, intestinal, urological, gynecological, prostatitis, etc.). This prevalence is due to the wide spectrum of action of the antibiotic, affordable price, low toxicity, minimal effect on beneficial bacteria. Can be used for treatment and prevention (for example, in postoperative period). Available only as a solution for injection.

Cefixime (Cefixime)

Another name for the antibiotic is Pancef. Available only in the form of capsules and tablets taken orally. It acts bactericidal (prevents the synthesis of cell walls of pathogens). Has a wide spectrum of action (kills intestinal infections, treats colds, prostatitis, used after surgery). Unfortunately, this new generation antibiotic has a rather strong toxic effect on the kidneys and liver, so it is not recommended for use in diseases of these organs. Price - from 397 rubles.

Avelox (Avelox)

A very strong antibiotic of the latest generation from the group of fluoroquinolones. Is modern analogue Moxifloxcin. Effective against many known bacterial and atypical pathogens. Virtually no negative impact to the kidneys and stomach. Such antibiotics can be used as children's medicines, so they are not prescribed in pediatrics. They are quite expensive - from 750 rubles. for 5 pcs.

How to choose

Naturally, it is not enough to get acquainted with the list of new generation antibiotics. I would like to say which broad-spectrum antibiotics are the safest and most effective. Unfortunately, it is impossible to isolate a specific drug, since each of the antibiotics has its own characteristics and in each specific case will be more efficient different means. That is why it is not worth prescribing drugs for treatment and prevention on your own if you do not have medical education. For intestinal infections, prostatitis, tonsillitis or otitis media, various antibiotics will be prescribed. It is better to trust a specialist who prescribes a medicine based on the diagnosis, stage of the disease, concomitant diseases and individual characteristics of the patient.

Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by microorganisms. There are also synthetic antibiotics. Both have a common goal - bacteria. In the environment around us, there are 7300 different species of them. And of course, to fight them you need a real arsenal. Consider the list of antibiotics alphabetically.

Antibiotics in human life

Today there are a large number of antibiotics, more than 10,000 species, with different ways actions. Some, such as penicillin, act on the walls or membranes of bacteria, causing them to break down. The action of others is aimed at blocking their development and survival. Finally, there are antibiotics that act directly at the DNA level of bacteria, preventing them from dividing and proliferation.

But there is one significant problem: the longer we use antibiotics, the more bacteria appear that can resist them. Over the years the development pharmaceuticals overcomes this resistance, thanks to ever newer generations of antibacterial drugs. However, the ability of bacteria to adapt and block the action of antibiotics remains a major public health problem.

Classification of antibiotics. New generation drugs with a wide spectrum of action

There are several classifications of antibiotics. Here are the most common ones:

biochemical;
according to their spectrum of action.

The spectrum of action is the list of bacterial species that this antibiotic actively influences. A broad spectrum antibiotic acts on a large number of bacteria - bacilli, gram-positive and negative cocci. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics only affect bacilli and Gram-positive cocci.

We are interested in the classification of antibiotics according to the mode of action:

bactericidal agents that inhibit the synthesis of the bacterial membrane:
beta lactams;
glycopeptides;
fosfomycins;
antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the bacterial ribosome:
macrolides;
tetracyclines;
aminoglycosides;
chloramphenicol;
antibacterial drugs, whose action is based on the inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids:
quinolones;
rifampicins;
sulfonamides.

Given the long and long-term opposition of bacteria and bactericidal agents, all these types of drugs are represented by several generations. Each next generation is distinguished by a more perfect degree of purity of the composition, which makes them less toxic to humans.

We offer you an alphabetical list of new generation antibiotics with a wide spectrum of action:

"Avelox";
"Azithromycin";
"Amoxiclav";
"Gepacef";
"Doxycycline";
"Clarithromycin";
"Klacid";
"Lincomycin";
"Naklofen";
"Rovamycin";
"Roxithromycin";
"Rulid";
"Supraks";
"Tazid";
"Fuzidin";
"Cefabol";
"Cefodox";
Cefumax.

The following is a list of antibiotics in alphabetical order for sinusitis for oral administration and as an injection solution:

"Amoxiclav";
"Amoxil";
"Amoxicillin";
"Ampioks";
"Arlet";
"Grunamox";
"Zitrolid";
"Macropen";
"Ospamox";
"Rovamycin";
"Cefazolin";
"Cephalexin";
"Cefotaxime";
"Ceftriaxone";
"Cifran".

Names of antibiotics in alphabetical order for children:

At inflammatory diseases bronchi and lungs:
"Amoxiclav";
"Amoxicillin";
"Ampicillin";
"Augmentin";
"Flemoxin Solutab".
For the treatment of ENT diseases:
"Zinacef";
"Zinnat";
"Cefutil".
At bacterial infections respiratory tract:
"Azithromycin";
"Hemomycin".

Features of taking antibiotics

Taking antibiotics, like any medicine, requires following some simple rules:

In general, antibiotic treatment involves two or three doses daily. It is important to establish a regular rhythm for taking medications by choosing fixed hours.
With food or without? Basically, optimal time- half an hour before meals, but there are exceptions. Some antibiotics are best absorbed with fat and should be taken with meals, so it is important to read the instructions before starting treatment. Tablets and capsules should be taken with water.
The duration of antibiotic treatment should be sufficient to clear the infection. It is very important not to stop treatment when the symptoms disappear! As a rule, the primary course is 5-6 days or longer as directed by the doctor.
Never resort to self-medication and follow the doctor's prescription exactly. Watch your body for side effects.

Among medicines important place occupied by antibiotics of the latest generation, active against many microbes. They are used to treat infectious pathologies, which significantly reduced the mortality of patients from pneumonia and pyelonephritis, which are common today. Due to antibiotics, the course is facilitated and recovery from bronchitis, sinusitis is accelerated, and it has also become possible execution complex surgical operations. Even successfully treated with antibiotics.

Broad Spectrum Antibiotics (ABSS)

This category of antimicrobials includes substances active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms. The former are causative intestinal diseases, inflammatory pathologies genitourinary and Gram-positive organisms often cause wound infections and mediate the occurrence postoperative complications in surgery.

List of ABShS of different release times

Some of the latest generation of broad-spectrum antibiotics are also active against protozoal infections. Examples are nitroimidazole derivatives - tinidazole, ornidazole and metronidazole. The most widely used metronidazole due to affordability. Its class analogue, tinidazole, is similar in its spectrum of antimicrobial activity, but is not used parenterally. In general, all groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics are presented as follows:

natural penicillins;
inhibitor-protected aminopenicillins;
antipseudomonal penicillins, including inhibitor-protected ones;
cephalosporins III;
a group of aminoglycosides;
macrolide antibiotics;
antibiotics of a number of carbapenems;
chloramphenicol;
fosfomycin;
rifampicin;
dioxidine;
sulfonamides;
quinolones, fluoroquinolones;
a group of nitrofurans;
antibiotics of the nitroimidazole series.

This list does not include group names for narrow-spectrum antibiotics. They are specific to a small number of microbes and are effective against them. Narrow-spectrum drugs cannot be used to treat superinfections and are not used empirically. They are used as first-line antibiotics for established form pathogen.

ABSHS list of latest generations

The above apply to broad-spectrum drugs. it complete list groups of substances with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative microbes. However, the list contains both the latest generation antibiotics and earlier representatives of the group. Of the above representatives of the latest generations are the following groups of drugs:

aminopenicillins resistant to beta-lactamase ("Sulbactam", "Ampicillin", "Clavulanate", "Amoxicillin");
cephalosporins III and IV generations ("Cefotaxime", "Cefoperazone", "Ceftazidime", "Ceftriaxone", "Cefpir", "Cefepim");
aminoglycoside antibiotics III generation("Amicin", "Netilmicin");
14- and 15-membered semi-synthetic macrolides ("Roxithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Azithromycin");
16-membered natural macrolide antibiotics ("Midecamycin");
fluoroquinolones III and IV generations ("Levofloxacin", "Sparfloxacin", "Gatifloxacin", "Trovafloxacin", "Moxifloxacin");
carbapenems ("Meropenem", "Imipinem-cilastatin", "Ertapenem");
nitrofurans ("Nitrofurantoin", "Furazidin", "Ersefuril").

Antibiotic preparations excluded from the list

The previously protected antipseudomonal penicillins have a wide spectrum of activity, but they are used only against due to the need to reduce the likely contact of the latter with a modern and powerful antibiotic. This prevents the risk of developing drug resistance in bacteria. The greatest effectiveness against Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows "Tazobactam". Occasionally, "Piperacillin" or "Clavulanate" are used as the latest generation of antibiotics for pneumonia caused by a hospital strain of the pathogen.

Also in this list there are no antibiotics of the latest generation of the group of natural and antistaphylococcal penicillins. The former cannot be used in outpatient treatment due to the need for frequent intravenous or intramuscular administration. Forms that allow you to take them orally, do not exist. A similar situation has developed with cephalosporins. Having the same spectrum of activity as penicillins, they cannot be administered orally due to destruction in the stomach.

Cephalosporins and parenteral penicillins are the latest generation of effective antibiotics for pneumonia. Scientists of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus have achieved success in the development dosage form their enteral use. However, the results of studies have not yet been applied in practice, and drugs this series can be applied so far only in the work of stationary health care institutions.

Highly effective antibiotics for children

Exploring the latest generation of antibiotics, the list of drugs recommended for children is significantly narrowed. AT childhood only representatives of a number of aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Clavulanate), cephalosporins (Ceftriaxone, Cefepime), macrolides (Azithromycin, Midecamycin, Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin) can be used. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, carbapenems and nitrofurans cannot be used due to inhibition of bone growth, liver and kidney toxicity.

Systemic nitrofurans are not used due to the lack of scientific data confirming the safety of the treatment. The only exception is "Furacillin", suitable for local treatment of wounds. Modern and highly effective antibiotics for children of the latest generation are as follows: macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins (the names of the drugs are presented above). Other groups of antimicrobials are not recommended for use due to the toxic effect and impaired skeletal development.

ABSS for pregnant women

According to the FDA classification (USA), only some of the latest generation antibiotics can be used in the treatment of pregnant women, the list of which is extremely small. They belong to categories A and B, that is, their danger has not been confirmed or there is no teratogenic effect in animal studies.

Substances with unproven effects on the fetus, as well as with the presence of a toxic effect, can only be used if therapeutic effect over the side (category C and D). Category X drugs have a proven teratogenic effect on the fetus, therefore, if necessary, their use is mandatory to terminate the pregnancy.

Used during pregnancy the following antibiotics the latest generation of broad-spectrum tablets: protected aminopenicillins (Amoclav, Amoxiclav), cephalosporins (Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Cefepime). Macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Midecamycin", "Roxithromycin") are allowed to be used in the third trimester of gestation due to the fact that their teratogenic effect has not yet been fully studied, and one cannot speak unambiguously about its absence. It is also safe for pregnant women to use. penicillin antibiotics in the absence of allergies.

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

All antibiotics of the latest generation of a wide spectrum of activity, theoretically, can be used for bronchitis and pneumonia, if their pharmacodynamic characteristics are optimal for this. However, there are optimal schemes for the rational treatment of such diseases. They take into account options for successful combinations of antimicrobials with the goal of broad coverage of microbial strains.

Nitroimidazole and sulfonamides are not rational to use in inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system. The most successful combination for bronchitis or pneumonia light flow is a protected aminopenicillin with a macrolide ("Amoclave" + "Azithromycin"). Protracted bronchitis require the appointment of a cephalosporin instead of aminopenicillin ("Ceftriaxone" + "Azithromycin"). In this scheme, the macrolide can be replaced by another class analogue: Midecamycin, Clarithromycin or Roxithromycin.

All of these last-generation antibiotics for bronchitis have a pronounced effect, although Clinical signs disease may continue to be present. The criterion for the effectiveness of treatment is the appearance of a cough with gradually cleared sputum and relief of fever. With COPD, shortness of breath also weakens, appetite improves, and the frequency of coughing decreases.

Effective treatment for pneumonia

Pneumonia mild degree It is treated according to the principle of bronchitis, but with the use of a cephalosporin and a macrolide. For moderate or severe community-acquired pneumonia, a cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone or Cefepime) is prescribed with a representative of a number of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin). These antibiotics of the latest generation of a wide spectrum of action suppress the community-acquired microflora well, and the effect of their use is noticeable on the second day of treatment.

Modern antibiotics of the latest generation for pneumonia (the names are presented above) act on the pathogen, suppressing its vital activity or killing it. The first substances are called bacteriostatics, and the second bactericidal preparations. Cephalosporins, aminopenicillins and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal substances, and macrolides are bacteriostatics. Moreover, the combination of antibiotics aims not only to expand the spectrum of activity, but also to comply with the rules of combination: one bactericidal drug with one bacteriostatic.

Treatment of severe pneumonia in the ICU

AT intensive care where patients with severe pneumonia and distress syndrome on the background of intoxication may be. The main contribution to the severity of the condition of such patients is made by pathogenic microflora resistant to most antimicrobials. In such situations, carbapenems are used ("Imipinem-cilastatin", "Tienam", "Meropenem"), which are unacceptable for use on an outpatient basis.

Treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis

Modern antibiotics of the latest generation for sinusitis or sinusitis are used to destroy microbes. In such cases, a single bactericidal antibiotic may be used. However, with sinusitis, the main difficulty is access antimicrobial drug to the site of inflammation. Therefore, the most commonly used drug is the cephalosporin series. An example is "Ceftriaxone" or "Cefepime". A third-generation fluoroquinolone, Levofloxacin, may also be prescribed.

Treatment of angina with modern antimicrobial agents

Antibiotics of the latest generation for angina are prescribed for the same purpose. Moreover, both with sinusitis and tonsillitis, the same antimicrobial agents can be used. The only difference is that in the case of inflammation of the tonsils, antiseptics can also be used, for example, "Furacillin" - a drug of a number of nitrofurans. Although angina can also be successfully used aminopenicillins protected by sulbactam or clavulanic acid (Amoclave, Amoxiclav, Ospamox). Moreover, drugs should be prescribed for 10-14 days.

Therapy of pyelonephritis and infections of the genitourinary system

In view of the contamination of the urinary tract with microbes, antibiotics of the latest generation for pyelonephritis are necessary for their treatment. Cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and nitrofurans have the greatest therapeutic value here. Cephalosporins are used for relatively mild pyelonephritis, and fluoroquinolones ("Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin") - with a deterioration in the background of already ongoing therapy.

The most successful drug, suitable both for monotherapy and for combination with "Ceftriaxone", is any representative of a number of nitrofurans - "Furamag"). A quinolone, Nalidixic Acid, can also be used. The latter create high concentrations in the urine and act actively against pathogens. urinary infections. Also, occasionally, with gardnellosis and vaginal dysbacteriosis, Metronidazole is used.

Drug resistance and its impact

Due to the constant change in the genetic material of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, the effectiveness of many antimicrobials is significantly reduced. By acquiring resistance to drugs, bacteria gain the ability to survive in the human body, mediating deterioration in infectious diseases. This forces researchers to look for and put into practice new antibiotics of the latest generation.

Total for the period of existence antimicrobial agents about 7,000 substances have already been developed that are used in medicine in a certain way. Some of them have been phased out due to clinically important side effects or because microbes have become resistant to them. Therefore, today about 160 drugs are used in medicine. About 20 of them are the latest generation of antibiotics, whose names often appear in medical guidelines for antimicrobial therapy of infectious diseases.

Antibiotics are a group of medicines that are used to fight disease. infectious nature. Per last years the list of these funds has undergone some changes. Broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation have gained great popularity. There are modern drugs that are aimed at eliminating the causative agent of a particular disease. Targeted drugs are preferred because they do not affect normal microflora.

How new generation antibiotics work

Medical professionals successfully use antibacterial agents thanks to the fact that the flowing vital important processes in the cells of the human body differ from similar processes in a bacterial cell. These drugs of the new generation act selectively, affecting only the cell of the pathogenic microorganism, without affecting the human ones. Classification occurs depending on the way in which they affect the vital activity of microorganisms.

Some drugs inhibit the synthesis of external cell membrane bacteria that is not present in human body. These include cephalosporins, antibiotics penicillin series and others. Another group almost completely inhibits protein synthesis in bacterial cells. The latter include macrolides, tetracycline antibiotics. List of drugs broad action divided according to the principle of antibacterial activity. The instructions must indicate the area of activity of the tablets.

Some drugs are broad-spectrum, effective against many bacteria, while others may be narrowly targeted, targeting a specific group of bacteria. Why is this happening? The fact is that viruses, bacteria are characterized by different structure and functioning, so what kills bacteria does not affect viruses. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are used when:

causative agents of the disease show resistance to the influence of a narrowly targeted drug;
revealed superinfection, the culprits of which are several types of bacteria;
prevention of infections after surgical interventions;
treatment is based on clinical symptoms, that is, empirically. In this case, the specific pathogen is not identified. This is appropriate for common infections, dangerous short-lived diseases.

Features of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Broad-spectrum drugs of the new generation are universal means, which can, inflammation of the lymph nodes, a cold, accompanying cough, runny nose, etc. Whatever the pathogen causes the disease, the means will overcome the microbe. Each newly developed drug has a more perfect, improved effect against pathogenic microorganisms. It is believed that the new generation of antibiotics causes minimal damage to the human body.

List of new generation broad spectrum antibiotics

The list of existing broad-spectrum antibiotics of the new generation includes many drugs, both cheap and more expensive. The most commonly used of all groups of drugs are penicillins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins. They are available in the form of solutions for injections, tablets, etc. New generation drugs are characterized by improved pharmacological actions when compared to older drugs. So the list is:

tetracycline group: "Tetracycline";
penicillins: "Ampicillin", "Amoxicillin", "Ticarcycline", "Bilmitsin";
fluoroquinolones: Gatifloxacin, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin;
carbapenems: "Meropenem", "Imipenem", "Ertapenem";
amphenicols: "Chloramphenicol";
aminoglycosides: "Streptomycin".

Learn more about the drug and children, instructions for use and contraindications.

Names of narrowly targeted strong antibiotics

New generation narrowly targeted drugs are used when the causative agent of the infection is accurately identified. Each drug acts on a specific group of pathogenic microorganisms. Unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics, they do not contribute to the violation, do not depress the immune system. Due to a deeper degree of purification of the active substance, the drug has less toxicity.

Bronchitis

In bronchitis, new-generation broad-spectrum antibiotics are most often prescribed, but the choice of drug should be based on the results. laboratory research sputum. The best medicine It is considered that which has a detrimental effect directly on the bacterium that caused the disease. This approach is explained by the fact that the study takes from 3 to 5 days, and it is necessary to treat bronchitis as early as possible so that there are no complications. The following antibiotics are often prescribed:

Macrolides - are prescribed for individual intolerance to penicillin. Widely used "Clarithromycin", "Erythromycin".
Penicillin has long been used in medicine, in connection with which some microorganisms have developed resistance to active substance. Therefore, the drugs were enhanced with additives that block the action of enzymes produced by microorganisms in order to reduce the activity of penicillin. The most effective are "Amoxiclav", "Panklav", "Augmentin".
Fluoroquinolones are used to treat chronic bronchitis during the period of exacerbation. Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ciprofloxacin are characterized by great efficiency.
Cephalosporins - are prescribed in case of obstructive forms of the disease. modern antibiotics considered "Cefuroxime", "Ceftriaxone".

Sinusitis

Angina

Antibiotics are a broad group of medicines aimed at the destruction of viral bacteria.

The very first drug of this kind is penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming. Year of discovery - 1928. On the basis of this substance, antibiotics of the extended spectrum of action of the newest generation were invented.

Most often, strong fast-acting antibiotics are administered as injections intramuscularly or intravenously. This is due to the fact that they can disrupt the microflora of the stomach. In addition, this way they quickly get into the focus of infection, starting work almost immediately after the injection.

The list of new antibiotics as solutions or powders for injection is quite extensive.

Such medicines include:

cephalosporins, including "Cefpirom", "Cefotaxime", "Ceftazidime", "Cefoperazone";
beta-lactamase-resistant aminopenicillins "Sulbactam" and others;
aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as Amikacin and Netilmicin;
carbapenems, which are represented by the drugs "Ertapenem", "Meropenem", "Imipinem-cilastatin".

They are prescribed depending on the complexity of the case and the characteristics of the infectious agents.

List of new tablets and capsules

There are antibiotics in the form of capsules and tablets. They are often prescribed for children and pregnant women, as they are more gentle. It is believed that they do not harm the human body.

The list of tablets and capsules of new generation antibiotics is no less wide than the list of injections.

The first ones include:

nitrofurans - "Nitrofurantoin", "Ersefuril", etc.;
fluoroquinolones, including Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin;
macrolides, representatives of which are "Azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Roxithromycin", "Amoxicillin";
natural macrolide antibiotics - "Sparfloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Midecamycin" and others.

The last - fourth generation antibiotics include Voriconazole, Posaconazole, Ravuconazole and many other names.

New Broad Spectrum Drugs

Some doctors prefer narrowly targeted drugs, as they do not affect the integrity of the microflora of the human body.

For colds, SARS

For colds, flu and SARS, doctors prescribe macrolides, which are considered the safest among antibiotics.

These include the following drugs:

"Erythromycin";
"Spiramycin";
"Leukomycin";
"Clarithromycin";
"Aziromycin";
"Dirithromycin";
"Rulid";
"Azitral";
"Sumamed".

Cephalexin or Cefamandol can also be prescribed, which are characterized by a powerful bactericidal effect and a high degree absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

For bronchitis and pneumonia

Combinations of antibiotics are used to treat bronchitis or pneumonia.

At possible complications in the course of the disease, a cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone or Cefepime) with a macrolide or fluoroquinolone (Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin) is used. Moxifloxacin or Cefuroxime also effectively help with bronchitis and pneumonia.

New generation antibiotics for children

Scientists have done a lot of research on the reaction child's body on antibiotics and found out that not all medicines are useful for children.

They can only be used:

macrolides, representatives of which are the drugs "Azithromycin", "Midecamycin", "Clarithromycin", "Roxithromycin";
aminopenicillins, including "Amoxicillin", "Clavulanate";
cephalosporins - "Ceftriaxone", "Cefepime".

Fluoroquinolones and carbapenems inhibit bone growth and lead to liver or kidney failure, so children and pregnant women are prohibited. Of the nitrofurans, only "Furacillin" can be used for local treatment of wounds.

Features of broad-spectrum antibiotics

They are divided into two groups - the first suppresses the effect of viruses on human cells and deprives them of the opportunity to multiply, and the second destroys them. In any case, the drugs act selectively, without affecting healthy human cells. The spectrum of action of drugs can be both wide and narrowly focused.

In dentistry

Dentists prescribe antibiotics for inflammation in the acute stage, as well as for the prevention of infectious and inflammatory process before surgical intervention if the patient is seriously ill internal organs(diabetes, vascular problems, kidney failure, ulcer, etc.).

The most commonly used drugs are:

"Doxycycline";
"Ampioks";
"Ooxacillin";
"Gentamicin";
"Clindamycin";
"Syntomycin";
"Lincomycin".

The latter is the most common in the field of dentistry. It accumulates in bone tissue and has a long-term effect, which is convenient for complex operations.

In urology

Antibiotics are widely used in urology, as they can get rid of infections quickly and without complications. Previously, people suffering from urological problems could die, but today such diseases are treated with literally one drug.

"Kanefron" is suitable for the treatment of cystitis, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis. "Palin" is prescribed for cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, cystopyelitis, pyelitis. "Nolitsin" relieves acute and chronic infections in the urological area.

In gynecology

Antibiotics are also used in gynecology for the treatment of many diseases caused by inflammatory process, starting with thrush and ending with acute vaginitis.

The drug "Unidox Solutab" easily copes with cystitis, "Monural" and "Furamag" are effective for various infections. In the presence of complications, gynecologists prescribe Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin.

To destroy the pathogens of genitourinary infections, Nalidixic acid, Metronidazole, Ceftriaxone are sometimes prescribed.

For various infections

Antibiotics are aimed at fighting inflammation pathogens, so they all help with various infections. The doctor only selects the right course and combination of drugs to increase the effectiveness of treatment. Important to consider individual characteristics patient, the stage of the disease and the presence or absence of progress in its course.

The average course of treatment is from 7 to 10 days, depending on the above features. During treatment, do not take alcohol or drugs.

Estimated prices for new antibiotics

Prices for medicines are constantly rising. At the moment, the current estimated prices for new generation antibiotics are as follows:

"Sumamed" - 300 rubles / 6 tablets;
"Azithromycin" - 100 rubles / 6 capsules;
"Amoxiclav" - 300 rubles / 25 grams of powder;
"Ampicillin" - 30 rubles / 20 tablets;
Unidox Solutab - 350 rubles / 10 tablets;
"Clindamycin" - 180 rubles / 8 capsules;
"Nystatin" - 40 rubles / 20 tablets;
"Tetracycline" - 80 rubles / 20 tablets;
"Cefalexin" - 100 rubles / 16 capsules;
"Erythromycin" - 120 rubles / 10 tablets.

There are original drugs and generics. The latter are cheaper, since they are only a copy and differ in the presence of impurities in the composition, as well as serious side effects. It is better not to risk your health and buy an expensive, but high-quality original.

Do you know? - Who invented antibiotics?