How to treat acute and chronic bronchitis in children? Is it easy to overcome chronic bronchitis? Symptoms and treatment in children.

Frequency of occurrence external signs This disease occurs in children cyclically 1-2 times during the calendar year and brings unpleasant moments to both children and parents. Chronic bronchitis, which is common, has symptoms that are largely similar to other respiratory diseases. For effective prevention and treatment of which it is necessary to make sure that the child does not have ARVI, and does not have allergic processes or other similar problems.

Treatment of chronic bronchitis in children sometimes occurs with a significant delay. Indeed, in many cases, the phase of systematic exacerbation occurs without visible external manifestations, and is often perceived as a common cold. Deviations in the structure of the upper respiratory tract and insufficient immunity affect the appearance of symptoms of the active phase, especially at 3-8 years of age.

Main reasons

Among the most common causes, experts note hereditary ailments, unfavorable environmental situation, abnormal developmental processes, chronic diseases of the ENT organs, the presence of foreign bodies in the respiratory system.

A decrease in the protective functions of the bronchial mucosa, caused by an incompletely cured cold or other factors, is the main cause of health problems for the baby.

Main signs of the disease

Irritability, moodiness, lethargy and general weakness should immediately alert parents. Symptoms of possible bronchitis include shortness of breath with copious amounts of sputum.

Successful treatment of chronic bronchitis in children requires knowledge of the characteristics of the manifestation and course of a common disease:

1. The main symptoms primarily include the systematic repetition of exacerbations, which most often occur in spring and autumn (seasons of decreased immune functions of the body). Between outbreaks of the active phase, remission is observed, when there is no slightest sign of the disease. The exacerbation period lasts approximately 4 weeks.
2. The symptoms are very similar to the processes occurring in adults. Initially, a cough appears, followed by sputum discharge, fever and wheezing in the pulmonary area. But in children the process of intoxication occurs much faster. This feature requires a balanced approach to the use of antibacterial agents. The cough can become chronic, becomes almost constant and especially bothers the baby in damp and cool weather.
3. If the frequency of bronchitis episodes is more than three times a year, it becomes mandatory to visit an allergist and take the necessary tests. There are frequent cases of such a reaction of a weakened immune system to an irritant. certain type. The similarity of symptoms can lead to incorrectly prescribed therapeutic treatment.
4. Pallor of the skin and increased sweating of the baby compared to the usual state. There is also a lack of interest in food.

The specificity of manifestations and treatment requires constant examinations and consultations in specialized medical institutions. There is no point in trying to recognize the difference between allergies and chronic bronchitis on your own. Delayed diagnosis may result in the disease developing into asthma.

Features of treatment

Remission period

There is a need to carry out treatment both during exacerbations and in the intervals between them. During remission, it is advisable to use a set of measures aimed at improving the body's immune functions. Doctors' recommendations usually include attending a course of reflexology, hardening, and treatment in sanatorium-resort institutions with suitable climatic conditions.

The effect will be felt only in the case of a systematic approach, which will make it possible to gradually get rid of relapses. Before adolescence the cyclical nature of such a set of measures becomes a prerequisite if the child has symptoms of chronic bronchitis. When performing such a course of therapy, the prognosis for the course of the disease will be clearly favorable.

Preventive measures during this period include:

• systematic wet cleaning of the room where the child is;
• Clean and fresh air is the key to a baby’s health. Smoking in his presence is out of the question;
• A hypoallergenic diet involves eliminating the source of irritation. This could be dust, animal hair, or food.

During exacerbation

If there are clear signs of the active phase and the malaise appears, treatment requires a completely different approach. We also have to deal with such a form as chronic obstructive bronchitis in children. At this stage, obstruction is observed - a violation of bronchial patency and the manifestation respiratory failure. With constant relapses in not very severe forms The period of complete rehabilitation takes about two weeks.

Reduce height pathogenic microorganisms and the inflammatory process will be helped by antibiotics and antiviral drugs in combination with bed rest. All these activities should be carried out only after medical examination and prescriptions for the patient adequate therapy taking into account individual characteristics. During this period, the attending physician always recommends a plant-based and dairy diet. A prerequisite is to drink large quantities heated water, replacing it with other liquids perceived by the child:

1. Any types of fortified teas.
2. Alkaline mineral waters.
3. Cranberry or lingonberry juice.
4. Weak black tea with lemon.
5. Milk with honey and baking soda.

At temperatures above 38 degrees, the baby should be given medications that can quickly reduce the fever, and expectorants such as licorice root infusion, Doctor MOM syrup and various drops.

IN mandatory the baby should take prescribed breastfeeding and, if necessary, stimulants, non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for bronchial dilatation and corticosteroids.

Distraction therapy includes the following measures:

• thorough rubbing with calendula ointment;
• physiotherapeutic procedures;
• cupping;
• mustard wraps or direct use of mustard plasters.

Medicinal and breathing exercises in combination with systematic massage will increase the body's resistance and speed up the healing process.

Only constant and daily monitoring of the course of the disease, timely consultations with a doctor, and a complete refusal to try to diagnose and prescribe therapy yourself can protect your child from this insidious disease forever. This will require a lot of effort and time, but it all pays off with the radiant smile of a healthy child.

Folk remedies

Steam inhalation remains the most famous and effective folk remedy for the treatment of exacerbations in children. In this case, increased caution is required. Strict dosing of the procedure will help avoid danger burn injury mucous membrane. After all, this will not lead to recovery, but will only worsen the course of the disease.

An excellent option is the use of breastfeeding. They significantly reduce the symptoms of bronchitis and do not have complicating side effects. There is a misconception that you need to use recipes using onions and garlic. For kids, this method is completely unacceptable: stomach problems that arise will neutralize the antibacterial effect of these ingredients, and you will simply begin to struggle with another problem caused by improper treatment.

Bronchitis does not distinguish who is in front of him - an adult or a child. By attacking the child’s body, the disease causes great harm to the small body. Especially when bronchitis develops into a chronic stage: the baby’s internal organs suffer and the immune system weakens. It is very important for parents to notice problems in the child’s body in time and carry out proper treatment.

A common cause of bronchitis in children is infection.

The baby's body is not yet strong, the immune system is not developed and is powerless against harmful microorganisms.

But the pathogen does not stop; once it enters the child’s bronchi, it spreads throughout the body. Harmful microorganisms are able to remain viable for a long time.

After inadequate treatment of bronchitis, the infection may subside, "fall asleep". The baby seems to have recovered. But a little hypothermia is enough and the disease makes itself felt again. We have to deal with chronic bronchitis, a dangerous and insidious pathology.

Attention! Chronic bronchitis in children is diagnosed if moist cough observed from 3 months a year for 2 years. But this diagnosis is not given to small children under 3 years of age. In this case, the child is classified as a “frequently ill child” (frequently ill child).

At three years old, the child’s respiratory system changes and strengthens lung immunity. This restructuring significantly reduces the number of diseases. If this does not happen, the baby is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis.

The main symptoms of chronic bronchitis in a child include:

• passive smoking;
• tendency to allergies;
• weakened immunity;
• unfavorable ecological climate;
• individual characteristics in the structure of the bronchi.

Chronic bronchitis in children is caused by the presence of several provoking factors simultaneously.

Chronic obstructive bronchitis in children - how to recognize the disease

In children, the symptoms of chronic bronchitis differ in comparison with adult patients.

At the initial stage of chronic bronchitis, the symptoms are similar to those of ARVI– fever, weakness, runny nose, increased sweating, irritability.

As the pathology progresses, the symptoms change slightly:

Cough. With chronic bronchitis in children, the cough syndrome is prolonged; the child begins to cough on the 2-3rd day of the disease. At first, the cough is dry and rough, accompanied by pain. Soon the cough becomes wet with the release of viscous purulent sputum.

Important! In a child with chronic bronchitis, the most dangerous cough is a dry type. It seriously irritates the throat, causing painful soreness and anxiety.

Sputum. Chronic bronchitis in children is accompanied by sputum production when coughing. During the period of weakening of the disease, the mucus is clear. During exacerbation, the expectoration becomes thick and purulent.

Wheezing. The accumulation of mucus in the bronchopulmonary tract provokes the development of hoarse, wheezing breathing. Wheezing occurs due to difficulties in the passage of air masses through clogged bronchi.

Lethargy. The younger the baby, the more aggressively chronic bronchitis affects his health. Periods of painful exacerbations are replaced by remission. But the long-awaited relief brings only weakness, fatigue and complete loss of appetite.

Dyspnea. One of the important and main symptoms of chronic bronchitis in children. Difficulty breathing occurs after active games, physical activity, crying baby.

Some specific signs Only a pediatrician can detect chronic bronchitis:

• X-ray shows the expansion of the roots of the bronchial tree;
• a blood test reveals an increase in ESR and iron deficiency anemia;
• When tapping the sternum, specific pulmonary sounds, wheezing, and harshness of breathing are heard.

Attention! Chronic bronchitis in children often worsens during the off-season. On average, the duration of the exacerbation period lasts 3-4 weeks.

How to treat chronic bronchitis in a child

Treatment of chronic bronchitis in children must be carried out both during the period of relief (remission) and during exacerbation of the disease (relapse).

During an exacerbation, the most intensive therapy. If bronchitis is not particularly severe, complex treatment allowed to be carried out at home.

Advice. If a child has a fever, he should be kept in bed during treatment.

After examining a sick child, a pediatrician develops individual therapy with the following medications:

Antibiotics. For chronic bronchitis, doctors recommend taking gentle antibiotics penicillin group, macrolides and cephalosporins. The main task of antibiotics is to stop the development of infection.

Expectorants. These medications, which thin sputum and improve its removal, are divided into two types:

1. Mucus thinners: Mucopront, Mucaltin, Bronkatar, Stoptussin phyto, Bronchicum, Ambrohexal, Mucodin.
2. Helping remove mucus from the bronchi: Bronchicum S, Alteyka, Prospan, Doctor MOM, Coldrex broncho, Ambrobene, Lazolvan, Bromhexine, Pertussin, ACC.

The choice of drug depends on the stage of chronic bronchitis. Taking prescribed expectorant medications can also make the cough worse, improving bronchial clearance and speeding up recovery.

Bronchodilators. Drugs that widen the lumen of the bronchi, which helps in releasing mucus and making breathing easier.

For children with chronic bronchitis, it is better to treat bronchodilators using inhalation using Lazolvan, Ambroxol or Bromhexine.

Antipyretics. They are used only when the temperature rises from +38⁰ C. Children with chronic bronchitis are often prescribed Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, and Analgin.

Methods help to effectively and safely combat chronic bronchitis in children traditional medicine.

Chronic bronchitis in children treatment with folk remedies

Ways traditional treatment There are many children's chronic bronchitis. The most effective ones include the following:

Inhalations. The best way to relieve an irritating cough at home. To warm up your baby's airways well, remember your grandmother's old ways: breathe, covered with a towel over a container of hot liquid. What to use?

• honey with its high softening properties;
• onion decoction, which has an antimicrobial and expectorant effect;
• iodine, which stops the spread of infection through pulmonary tract(it is better to combine it with baking soda and eucalyptus oil).

Potato warming. One of the effective and quick methods relief of cough in chronic bronchitis in children.

Peel a few potatoes and boil them. When cooking, add soda. Mash the boiled potatoes and place them in a plastic bag.

As soon as the mass reaches a comfortable temperature, place the bag on the baby’s chest, secure it and hold it until it cools. Place the potato cake on the center of the chest!

Flour compress. This product has an excellent warming effect. Mix equal proportions of flour, alcohol, badger fat And mustard powder. Mix all ingredients and heat until the mixture is homogeneous.

A healing compress is applied to the chest over a layer of gauze and secured with a scarf. The procedure time is 50-60 minutes.

Herbal medicine. Medicinal herbs with an expectorant effect are effective in treating a child’s fever and severe cough. Healers recommend using mint, sage and linden blossom. Dry herbs in equal quantities are mixed and steamed with boiling water.

After 1-1.5 days of infusion, the mass is filtered. The child is given a teaspoon of the finished medicine to drink three times a day on an empty stomach. To improve the taste, the infusion can be mixed with honey.

Advice. Natural honey – the best remedy For complementary therapy chronic bronchitis. You can let your baby suck it in pure form or mix with warm milk and drink.

Herbal ointment. This remedy is good for treating the youngest patients. Mix thyme, pine buds and licorice root in equal quantities.

The herbal mass should be poured with ½ cup of water and simmered over low heat. Finally, add some badger fat and cook for another 6-7 minutes. Rub the prepared mixture onto the chest of a sick baby twice a day.

We have information about treatment at home. All the methods described in it can be used when treating a child.

Massage for children with chronic bronchitis

To provide a quality home massage to a sick child, turn on your imagination and use game uniform . During the procedure, the baby is placed on his stomach. Before the main procedures, the child’s back is warmed up and lubricated with massage oil.

Important! Massage in the treatment of chronic bronchitis in children is allowed only when normal temperature bodies! Make sure that the room has a comfortable atmosphere with a temperature range of up to +27⁰ C.

The massage is carried out with light tapping movements on the child's back. The tapping is combined with gentle rubbing from the spine to the sides. This massage is called drainage, it helps relieve cough and cleanse the bronchi. The procedure time is 3-5 minutes. Massage your baby an hour before meals 2-3 times a day.

Mustard plasters. An ancient and effective means of warming up the bronchi. But it will be difficult for the child to have a mustard plaster - this procedure is not particularly comfortable. Children can replace the usual “adult” mustard plasters with a mustard foot bath.

Pour warm water into a small bowl and add 2-3 tbsp. l. mustard powder. Let the baby soak his legs for 15-20 minutes. During the procedure top part Wrap your feet in a warm cloth.

Useful physical procedures

In the treatment of childhood chronic bronchitis, the objectives of physiotherapy include stopping the sluggish inflammatory process and increasing the drainage function of the bronchi. The main direction of such procedures is to strengthen the immune system and improve the health of the baby’s entire body.

Attention! A child’s body is not yet as strong as an adult’s, therefore all physiotherapeutic methods of therapy for children are carried out with the least stress on the internal organs.

Common, one of best methods physiotherapy for the treatment of chronic bronchitis in children is ultraviolet irradiation. After a course of UV therapy, a sick child experiences the following effects:

1. Improved sputum removal.
2. Increasing the body's immune forces.
3. Regeneration and restoration of metabolic functions in the baby’s body.
4. Relief and noticeable reduction in the inflammatory process of the bronchi.

In addition to UV therapy, it has proven itself CUF therapy (short wave ultraviolet radiation) . During the procedure, EF radiation completely destroys the cells of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. FUF therapy is famous for its powerful bactericidal and mycocidal effects.

The power of professional massage

Massotherapy performed by a professional, significantly speeds up the child’s recovery process and improves overall well-being.

This procedure helps clear from the respiratory tract faster excess liquid and cleanses the bronchi. This effect is achieved using many techniques.

More often, when working with a child’s body, specialists use the following types of massage:

1. Drainage. This type of massage eases coughing and promotes rapid removal of mucus from the bronchi.
2. Vibrating. This technique provokes rapid cleansing of the bronchi and removal of excess fluid from them.
3. Canned. Improves the condition of blood and lymph, ensuring regeneration of the bronchi and easier breathing.
4. Spot. Using this massage technique, the muscles in the bronchi area are relaxed and their spasms are relieved.

But be careful! Massage in the treatment of chronic bronchitis also has its contraindications. It should not be performed on a child if:

• heart problems;
• high blood pressure;
• feverish condition;
• chronic bronchitis in the acute stage.

Massage is not recommended for children under 3 years of age.. Babies of this age still have weak chest muscles and the respiratory tract is actively developing. This serves as a serious obstacle to active therapeutic effects and the massage does not bring the desired effect.

Which doctor will help?

Problems of the bronchopulmonary system and treatment of bronchitis in all manifestations in children is a pediatrician. If necessary (if bronchitis is complicated and affects the nasopharynx), the doctor will recommend visiting an ENT specialist.

If a child is diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, he should be registered at a dispensary. This baby will undergo regular examinations by the following specialists:

• pediatrician (once every three months);
• dentist and ENT (twice a year).

A child suffering from chronic bronchitis is exempt from physical education lessons in kindergarten and school.

Treatment of bronchitis in remission

When a child's chronic bronchitis goes into remission, treatment cannot be stopped. Even despite the fact that during this period the disease occurs without pronounced symptoms. The main goal of therapy during this period is to strengthen the child’s body in order to minimize the possibility of relapse.

It is during the period of calm that good result gives treatment folk remedies. The following procedures are also useful:

1. Hardening.
2. Breathing exercises.
3. Reflexology (a method of preventive treatment by influencing bioactive points organism).

A special place in preventive therapy chronic bronchitis is given immunocorrection. This treatment is carried out by taking the following drugs:

1. Antiviral(adaptogens, immunostimulants). These remedies include: Eleutherococcus root, honey ginseng, preparations based on Echination purpurea (Immunal, Echinacin), uterine bee jelly and pollen (Apilactose, Apilikvirit, Politabs, Cernilton).
2. Bacterial lysates (antibacterial drugs, similar in their principle of effect on the body to vaccines). These include: Imudon, IRS-19, Ismigen, Respibron, Ribomunil, Broncho-munal, Broncho-vaxom.

It is very useful to take children with chronic bronchitis during the period of remission to health resorts, where there is a speleotherapy course (visiting salt caves with a healing microclimate).

Treatment of children with bronchitis in remission should continue until they reach adolescence. With regular and proper treatment, most children recover completely.

Help of inhalations

Inhalation for chronic bronchitis- a good method of treatment that helps to thin and remove phlegm. The baby’s breathing becomes easier, the cough weakens, and the healing process goes much faster. For bronchitis, it is useful to inhale healing vapors:

• medicinal herbs: eucalyptus, St. John's wort, coltsfoot, wild rosemary, mint, plantain, sage, juniper, raspberry, linden (herbs can be used individually or mixed);
• essential oils: tea tree, bergamot, cedar, lavender, eucalyptus, sandalwood, juniper, fir, anise, pine, lemon, orange (add 2-3 drops of one type of essential oil to the solution for inhalation);
• medications: Salgim, Berotek, Salamol, Atrovent, Berodual, Astalin, Sterineb, Gensalbutamol, Chlorophyllipt, Magnesium Sulfate (2-4 ml of medication is enough for one procedure), these drugs are best used when inhaled with a nebulizer.

Nebulizer. A special preparation intended for inhalation at home. The device uses a powerful air flow or ultrasound to split medications into aerosol-type microparticles. Such substances penetrate the bronchi better and faster and quickly stop inflammation.

Important! When performing inhalations using a nebulizer, it is prohibited to use it in the device. essential oils, soda and herbs!

Inhalation procedures for the treatment of chronic bronchitis in children are recommended to be carried out 2-3 times daily.

Is chronic bronchitis contagious?

Bronchitis is caused different types infections - it can be or occur as a manifestation of allergies. Bronchitis is dangerous if infected with viruses, bacteria and only during incubation period(1-7 days) from the moment of infection.

Bronchitis, which has already entered the chronic stage, is harmless and not contagious to others. So you can safely walk with your baby and visit childcare facilities. But with caution! After all, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis can cause dangerous complications, up to pneumonia.

According to statistics, against the background of chronic bronchitis in children, in 3 out of 10 cases pneumonia develops. Pneumonia is the most common complication of chronic bronchitis; against its background, the disease is much more severe and takes longer. Pneumonia in chronic bronchitis can lead to deadly situations.

To prevent the development of unpleasant events during chronic bronchitis in children, special attention is paid to preventive measures.

Prevention measures

In case of chronic bronchitis, the child must be given more to drink (especially during periods of exacerbation of the disease) and follow a dairy-vegetable diet. Include alkaline mineral water in your daily diet, healthy decoctions rosehip, mint, linden.

Cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks will be a good help homemade. It is good to drink hot tea from raspberry, currant, and strawberry leaves. Pamper your baby delicious jam from blackberries, currants and raspberries.

Spend time in the children's room regular wet cleaning and ventilation

Chronic bronchitis in children is the most common disease of the respiratory system, in which diffuse inflammation of the bronchi is observed. The pathology develops gradually, when the acute form is not completely cured, there is a minor inflammatory process that manifests itself characteristic symptoms. If shortness of breath is added to the cough, an obstructive form of the disease develops.

The nature of the disease

It is worth noting that chronic bronchitis occurs against the background of a residual inflammatory process in the bronchi or frequently occurring inflammation of the bronchial tissue. In children, systematic exacerbation of the disease occurs without complications of an obstructive process. With frequent acute respiratory viral infections, periods of exacerbation can occur several times throughout the year, their average duration is from 20 to 30 days.

Chronic bronchitis in children is characterized by a prolonged cough that is difficult to treat. During the first day of the disease, the cough is productive, sputum production occurs mainly in morning time, accompanied by pronounced shortness of breath. Over time, the frequency of coughing increases, it becomes deeper and more intense.

Diagnostics

To determine the stage of chronic bronchitis, you will need to submit sputum for analysis (macroscopic, biochemical or cytological).

During an exacerbation of the disease, a blood test may show increased ESR indicator, which will indicate the presence of an inflammatory process. In this case, the level of leukocytes and neutrophils will be within normal limits, the leukocyte form will be slightly shifted.

Causes of exacerbation

The main cause of exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is an inflammatory process provoked by a bacterial-viral infection. In young children, the causative agent of the disease can be Haemophilus influenzae or pneumococcus; in schoolchildren, the disease is often caused by mycoplasma and pneumococcus.

There are a number of factors that provoke the manifestation of symptoms of chronic bronchitis in children:

Chronic bronchitis develops more often in children than in adults due to the physiological characteristics of the body (the protective functions of the bronchial mucosa are not yet fully developed, the activity of phagocyte cells is reduced, and weak enzymatic protection of bronchial tissue).

Symptoms

Today, experts identify symptoms that indicate a transition acute form diseases into chronic ones, these include:

• The baby has a prolonged cough (its character depends on the duration of the illness). During remission, it is dry, and with exacerbation of the disease, the symptoms intensify, and there is a gradual transition to a wet (productive) cough.
• Discharge of fairly thick sputum mixed with pus
• The presence of wheezing in the lungs (it is not possible to identify the focus of their localization)
• Temporary development of fever.

The symptoms of acute bronchitis are clearly expressed: coughing attacks are frequent. In the chronic form, the observed symptoms are smoothed out.

Treatment

Treatment of chronic bronchitis in children involves etiopathogenetic drug therapy. Not in all cases it will be possible to completely cure the disease, but it is quite possible to stabilize the child’s condition and slow down the progression of chronic bronchitis. For this purpose the following may be prescribed:

1. Antibiotics

Indicated during the period of exacerbation of the inflammatory process in the bronchi, when observed obvious signs intoxication, body temperature rises, sputum with pus is released. In this case, semisynthetic aminopenicillins are usually prescribed, antibacterial agents groups of macrolides, fluoroquinols, cephalosporins. The question of taking antibiotics is decided by the attending physician after a thorough analysis of the results of bronchial mucus culture.

1. Mucolytics

This group of drugs includes the so-called sputum disintegrants and expectorants. When taking sputum disintegrants, it is possible to reduce the viscosity of mucus released during expectoration, and expectorants normalize mucociliary clearance.

1. Bronchodilators

Such drugs improve bronchial patency by expanding the lumen in the airways.

1. Anti-inflammatory and antihistamines

Glucocorticoids reduce the amount of sputum produced and suppress the activity of inflammatory cells in the bronchial mucosa.

During treatment, the child must be provided with a balanced diet rich in vitamin B. Taking immunoregulatory drugs is also indicated.

As auxiliary treatment inhalation and physiotherapeutic procedures are indicated.

The child can be treated at home if the doctor does not see the need for urgent hospitalization. If pronounced symptoms of intoxication are observed, the temperature rises sharply (above 38 C), shortness of breath develops, and hospitalization will be required (especially for children under 3 years of age). A preschooler can be treated on an outpatient basis.

Chronic bronchitis in children is an inflammation of the bronchi, which is characterized by frequency of recurrence. In many cases, a disease such as chronic bronchitis in children, in the phase of its systematic exacerbation, proceeds without any special counteracting effects, and sometimes treatment is taken quite late.

Bronchitis, or inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, refers to diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It especially often affects children aged 3-8 years. This is affected by:

• immature immunity;
• structural features of the upper respiratory tract.

Causes of development of childhood bronchitis

The main reason that leads to exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in a child is a viral infection. The pathogen penetrates the upper respiratory tract and then rushes down. This leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract.

Other reasons that may cause the development of bronchitis in children may include:

During the period when the disease enters the acute phase, the child exhibits the following symptoms:

• general weakness;
• irritability;
• lethargy;
• capriciousness.

Signs of chronic bronchitis include the appearance prolonged cough. For 2-3 days of illness, a wet cough is observed, accompanied by shortness of breath and copious sputum production. After some time, the cough becomes chronic and becomes frequent. It especially increases in cool, rainy weather.

Also among the signs are:

• separation of mucous, purulent sputum;
• sweating;
• presence of wheezing in the lungs;
• some pallor of the skin;
• recurrent fever;
• possible increase in body temperature.

A child suffering from chronic bronchitis may lose interest in food.

Chronic bronchitis in children - treatment

For children, treatment of mild chronic bronchitis will take approximately 2 weeks. If the disease is not treated, it can cause bronchial asthma or pneumonia.

In the febrile stage, bed rest is required. During an exacerbation, the attending physician prescribes a dairy and plant-based diet. At elevated temperature body needs to drink a lot warm water, which can be replaced with:

• lingonberry and cranberry fruit drinks;
• milk with baking soda and honey;
• mineral alkaline water;
• weak black tea with lemon, with various types of jam;
• vitamin teas.

If the temperature rises above 38 degrees, the doctor prescribes fever-reducing medications. Treatment also includes expectorants:

• infusion of licorice root;
• ammonia-anise drops;
• Doctor MOM syrup;
• mucaltin.

The doctor prescribes breastfeeding and antibiotics. If necessary, the child should take:

• corticosteroids;
• bronchodilators;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and stimulant drugs.

It is necessary to carry out distraction therapy in parallel, which includes:

• physiotherapy;
• mustard plasters or mustard wraps;
• banks;
• rubbing with calendula ointment.

It’s a good idea to systematically massage your child at this time. As a result of regularly performed breathing and therapeutic exercises, the resistance of the child’s body increases.

Preventive measures

If a child often suffers from bronchitis, in order to protect the body from repeated relapses, proper measures must be taken.

The air in the room should be fresh and clean. Smoking is strictly prohibited where the child is. Wet cleaning of the premises must be carried out at least once a week.

If this disease is caused by an allergy, then the allergen must be eliminated. This is especially true for certain foods, animal hair and dust. It is necessary to adhere to a hypoallergenic diet.

It is prohibited to rub the child’s body with ointments and cough medicines. We need to strive to maintain a healthy immune system.

Bronchitis in children: symptoms

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process in the tissues of the bronchial mucosa. Like most diseases, bronchitis comes in two forms - acute and chronic. As a rule, it is associated with diseases of the upper respiratory tract, but there is also a group of bronchitis that accompanies chronic processes pathological nature occurring in the lungs (chronic bronchopneumonia, infiltrative processes, tuberculous bronchoadenitis). There are also bronchitis associated more with the general condition of the body rather than with the condition of the lungs (for example, allergic bronchitis with bronchial asthma). Often, bronchitis occurs against a background of general weakness of the body - with rickets, metabolic disorders, problems with digestion or nutrition, and with gross non-compliance with the daily routine and hygiene standards. Most often, bronchitis is accompanied additional diseases respiratory tract - laryngitis, nasopharyngitis, tracheitis, tonsillitis, etc. The main methods of treatment are: removing swelling of the lung tissue and reducing inflammation. In this article we will look in detail at the symptoms of various types of bronchitis and talk about how to identify bronchitis in a child.

Acute bronchitis in children: symptoms

The first signs of bronchitis in children are:

• changes in behavior. The child becomes capricious, irritable, loses appetite, sleeps poorly;
• increased body temperature;
• dry wheezing (or cough) and “hard” breathing in the first days of illness;
• after a few days the cough becomes wet, general state the child is improving. Coughing attacks most often occur at night.

For mild, uncomplicated forms of acute bronchitis, treatment lasts on average one to two weeks.

Chronic bronchitis in children

Chronic bronchitis in children has similar symptoms, but they are slightly less pronounced than in the acute form of the disease. Bronchitis that has become chronic is difficult to treat; parents and children should always follow the doctor’s recommendations regarding daily routine, nutrition and preventive measures. IN home medicine cabinet There should always be means for emergency relief of swelling, special inhalers. Without timely and adequate treatment bronchitis turns into bronchial asthma. Attacks of recurrent bronchitis are usually associated with sources chronic inflammation(in children this may be chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis, nasopharyngitis, etc.).

Recurrent bronchitis in children

Unlike chronic bronchitis, which lasts long years, recurrent bronchitis usually presents with periodic relapses over 1-2 years. Recurrences of recurrent bronchitis in children are observed 2-4 times a year (more often in the off-season and during unfavorable epidemiological periods). In this case, an exacerbation can occur without bronchial spasm.

Obstructive bronchitis in children: symptoms

Obstructive bronchitis is characterized by the presence of bronchospasm, so one of the most important areas of treatment is its removal. Diagnosis and treatment prescription are made only by a doctor. You should not try to cure bronchitis on your own. At obstructive bronchitis in children it is important to distinguish the disease from bronchial asthma and pneumonia.

Allergic bronchitis in children: symptoms

Allergic bronchitis in children can be quite difficult to distinguish from bronchial asthma. The symptoms of these diseases are similar, the only difference being periodic attacks of suffocation. It is these difficulties that cause frequent confusion when, based on medical history, doctors treat bronchitis when a child has asthma and vice versa.

So, the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis in children are as follows:

• difficulty breathing;
• shortness of breath when exhaling;
• dry scattered wheezing in the lungs;
• direct connection between exacerbations and contacts with the allergen. Moreover, after limiting such contact, the disease quickly goes into remission;
• on x-ray inflammation of the bronchi is visible ( allergic nature) without deformation of walls and other significant changes lung tissues.

Asthmatic bronchitis

Asthmatic bronchitis in children has the following symptoms:

If your child exhibits these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Bronchitis left without timely and proper treatment can cause serious complications and even develop into bronchial asthma.

Bronchitis acute, chronic, causes, symptoms, treatment

Bronchitis is a disease that is accompanied by inflammation of the bronchi. Most often it is a consequence of a viral or bacterial infection; it is very important to treat it promptly with antibiotics or antiviral drugs, because inflammation may spread to the lungs or bronchitis will become chronic, which is almost impossible to cure.

Also, bronchitis can be complicated by swelling of the mucous membranes, this indicates obstruction. The cause of bronchitis can be diseases such as whooping cough, measles, tracheitis, and influenza. The disease is characterized by the following symptoms: severe cough, elevated body temperature, lethargy, and weakness. With bronchitis, the cough is first dry, then becomes wet, often accompanied by shortness of breath, the person feels as if he is suffocating. Bronchitis can be diagnosed by listening to wheezes; spirometry and x-rays may also be required. The disease is treated with expectorants and mucolytics; in case of complications, antibiotics will be required. In this case, the patient must observe bed rest, drink warm water as much as possible, and not smoke.

Acute bronchitis

This form of the disease is characterized by an acute inflammatory process, in which a large amount of sputum is released, while coughing leads to such a complication as shortness of breath. Acute bronchitis develops due to:

1. Smoking.

2. Climatic and weather conditions.

3. When a person is hypothermic or has been damp for a long time.

4. For alcohol abuse.

5. Infectious diseases of the nasopharynx, if nasal breathing is impaired.

6. In case of heart failure, if congestion is detected in the lungs.

Also common causes of acute bronchitis are air that is unsuitable for a person, if it is very hot, dry or cold; also, if a person is in constant contact with chemical elements, such as silicon, nitrogen oxides, alkalis. Acute bronchitis can be caused by bacteria and viruses. In some situations, it is a consequence of an allergic reaction to pollen, dust, etc.

How does acute bronchitis manifest?

First, the nasopharynx becomes inflamed, then the disease gradually descends into the larynx, trachea and finally ends up in the bronchioles. When the virus gets into them, a person’s metabolism is disrupted, because of this, cells die and a bacterial infection begins to develop - pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and in rare cases, staphylococcus. A complication of acute bronchitis is pneumonia.

Acute bronchitis manifests itself as dry, barking cough, it occurs due to the fact that the large bronchi and trachea become inflamed, then a little sputum may be released.

A person may feel discomfort in the abdominal area and also in the chest. In acute cases, sputum may have pus, if the patient experiences shortness of breath - this indicates that the small bronchi are affected. A blood test indicates an inflammatory process, with a significant increase in ESR and leukocytes in the blood, this may also indicate that urgent measures need to be taken, the disease has already descended into the lungs.

What treatments are there for acute bronchitis?

If the patient has acute intoxication and there is a threat of pneumonia, he needs to go to the hospital immediately. It is very important to drink as much warm drink as possible - tea with lemon, a drink with raspberries, honey, linden tea, heated mineral water, it must be alkaline - Borjomi, it is also recommended to use special breastfeeding mixtures.

Mustard plasters will ease the symptoms; they should be applied to the chest. Medicines for acute bronchitis are prescribed depending on the symptoms; anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs such as acetylsalicylic acid, percofen, citramon, etc. are often used. It is also very important to take vitamins A and C. If purulent sputum is produced, in this case antibiotics of the penicillin, tetracycline, and also besiptol group are definitely needed.

If acute bronchitis has dragged on for a long time, inhalations based on mineral minerals are necessary. alkaline water, as well as physiotherapeutic procedures such as electrophoresis with calcium, ultraviolet irradiation, ion therapy. You may need to visit a special medical sanatorium, which is located on the seashore, and also perform additional breathing exercises.

You need to remember the following preventive measures to prevent acute bronchitis from recurring:

1. Avoid viral infections.

2. Stay in dusty, gas-filled places as little as possible.

3. Do not overcool, do not overheat.

4. Give up the bad habits of alcohol and smoking.

5. It is very important to treat diseases of the nasopharynx in a timely manner - sinusitis, sinusitis; it may be necessary to remove polyps.

6. You need to regularly harden yourself, to do this, walk barefoot in the morning in the dew, walk in the fresh air as much as possible.

Chronical bronchitis

This form appears when the bronchi are inflamed for a long time, if the cough lasts more than three months. Most often, chronic bronchitis occurs in those who smoke or work with chemicals. Because of this, the bronchi are irritated for a long time, the mucous membrane changes and various infections begin to penetrate - fungus, viruses and bacteria.

What symptoms are characteristic of chronic bronchitis?

When the mucous membrane is damaged, the amount of sputum increases, it is practically not excreted, which causes coughing, at first it only bothers you in the morning, then it appears at night, and intensifies if the weather is damp and cold.

With this form of bronchitis, the sputum is clear and odorless. When the disease worsens, it may be purulent, cloudy, thick, and acquire a yellow or green tint.

In the case of long-term chronic bronchitis, the bronchi begin to narrow strongly, because of this the person is bothered by shortness of breath, it is difficult to exhale, attacks of suffocation are possible, thus, chronic bronchitis turns into an obstructive disease of the pulmonary system, in the future emphysema may develop, the person becomes difficult to breathe, he There is a constant lack of oxygen.

Chronic bronchitis can be diagnosed only after two years, but it is very important not to confuse the disease with bronchial asthma; for this, an x-ray is prescribed, biochemical analysis blood, bacterial culture, bronchoscopy.

Treatment is necessary when chronic bronchitis worsens; expectorants and anti-inflammatory drugs are used for this; drugs for the immune system are also needed. To get rid of excess mucus and stop the inflammatory process, bronchoscopy is prescribed.

Obstructive bronchitis

This form of the disease is characterized by obstruction of the respiratory tract; obstructive bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute is typical for children, often resulting from influenza, adenovirus, rhinovirus, parainfluenza.

The chronic form is typical for adulthood, bronchitis occurs due to the fact that a person smokes, as well as genetic predisposition, if a person lives in a polluted environment, works with substances such as cement, silicon, kamium, also if professional activity associated with metallurgy.

What symptoms occur with obstructive bronchitis? The body temperature begins to rise sharply, the person shudders, he is weak, and a dry cough bothers him, then a lot of sputum begins to come out. When the mucous membranes begin to swell, a person is bothered by shortness of breath and exhalation is whistling. Chronic obstructive bronchitis is characterized by a constant cough, which is especially disturbing in the morning; the disease is exacerbated by a viral infection; if purulent sputum appears, shortness of breath increases, urgent measures must be taken. When treating, it is very important to first eliminate the cause of the disease. It is difficult for children to get rid of mucus on their own, so they are recommended to pull out mucus that has accumulated using an electric suction and a rubber balloon. Massage and drainage are also effective. They ease the symptoms of foot baths; it is recommended to use mustard for them, sea ​​salt, soda. Remember, the more warm liquid you drink, the faster the phlegm is removed. Inhalation will help relieve swelling; if the sputum is purulent, you must take antibiotics. You can strengthen the body during illness with the help of vitamins - Vitrum, Biomax, Complivit.

Bronchitis in children

This disease is dangerous for young children because it can even lead to fatal outcome. It is very important to treat bronchitis in children promptly and correctly. Preschool children most often suffer from obstructive bronchitis. When a child has a runny nose, his nose becomes stuffy, he begins to breathe through his mouth, and does not get enough oxygen.

Obstruction appears due to the fact that the child has narrow bronchial lumens, the mucous membrane swells greatly, because of this, viscous sputum begins to be released, it does not drain well, then bronchospasm occurs, while wheezing is heard. If a child has persistent bronchitis, an additional examination is necessary, because the child may have bronchial asthma.

What are the symptoms of bronchitis in children?

The wheezing is wheezing, a runny nose may appear before this, the body temperature rises significantly, the child becomes weak and very lethargic.
In a child, bronchitis occurs due to such viruses - adenoviruses, parainfluenza, measles; if the bronchitis is viral, there is no need to use antibiotics for treatment; if it is bacterial, they must be used in treatment.

With viral bronchitis, the sputum is clear and the intoxication is not severe. In cases of bacterial bronchitis, the sputum is purulent, the child weakens, becomes pale, lethargic, and does not eat anything. If the temperature lasts up to 4 days, the cough gets worse, you must take antibiotics to kill the bacteria.

If you notice pus or blood in your child’s sputum, you need to urgently call a doctor, this is talking about serious illness nasopharynx or inflammation in the lungs.

In order for the child to recover faster, you need to monitor the air humidity in the room; for this you need to purchase an air purifier or hang wet laundry on the radiators. Make sure that the child drinks as much fluid as possible, so that phlegm can be quickly diluted and removed from the body. It is recommended to drink fruit drinks, juices, teas, compotes, plain water. There is no need to bring the temperature lower than 38.5 degrees; with its help, the immune system fights viruses and prevents them from multiplying.

Please note that it is not always necessary to give a child antibiotics for bronchitis; they must be given only to children under six months of age, because young children have bronchiolitis, which develops into pneumonia. Children with bacterial bronchitis also need to take antibiotics. Medicines can be used in the form of inhalations. But please note that when taking antibiotics it is very important to monitor the intestinal microflora, because dysbiosis often occurs in children.

When should a child be given cough medicine?

1. In cases of obstructive bronchitis, in order to expand the bronchi.

2. If the child has problems with the pulmonary system, there is a chronic lack of enzymes that are responsible for liquefying mucus.

3. When bronchitis is severe, you must take mucolytics, and you need a special massage - lightly tap on the chest.

Children can often be prescribed inhalations; essential oils, mineral water, and various solutions are used for them. There are many types of inhalers - steam, oil, but recently nebulizers have been appreciated.

How to protect your child from bronchitis?

1. Protect him from passive smoking.

2. Protect the child from ARVI; for this you need to constantly harden him, dress him according to the weather, and do not bundle him up.

3. Be sure to get all the vaccinations that will protect the child from bacteria such as pneumococcus and hemophilus influenzae.

This form of the disease occurs if a person comes into contact with an allergen - plant pollen, dust, wool, as well as some types of animals, household chemicals. An allergic reaction can occur to vaccines or medications.

Allergic bronchitis differs from other types in its symptoms; with viral bronchitis, the body temperature rises and the person begins to choke.

Allergic bronchitis is not so pronounced; it goes away when a person stops contacting allergens. With allergic bronchitis, severe coughing occurs, shortness of breath appears, breathing becomes difficult, wheezing is dry, lacrimation increases, and can also be accompanied by tracheitis, laryngitis and diathesis.

It is very difficult to treat this form of bronchitis; first you need to identify the allergen, eliminate it, then relieve the symptoms. Only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis, then special anti-inflammatory medications, as well as immunomodulators, are prescribed. Additionally, herbal medicine is used.

Remember, if allergic bronchitis is not treated in time, it will eventually develop into bronchial asthma.

Often people who smoke begin to develop chronic bronchitis, its symptoms are pronounced, and frequent attacks are disturbing. It all also depends on where the person lives; for a smoker who arrives near the sea or in a clean forest area, bronchitis occurs much later than for those who live in a big city.

What causes bronchitis in a smoker?

1. Because of age.

2. Due to a long history of smoking.

3. If a person often suffers from ARVI.

4. Due to problems with immunity.

5. If a person lives in unfavorable environmental conditions or works with harmful substances.

6. Due to unhealthy diet, unfavorable living conditions, severe physical activity.

The following stages of development of bronchitis in a smoker can be distinguished:

1. The appearance of a cough only in the morning, at first it is not strong, then gradually increases, viscous sputum appears, often with pus. There may also be shortness of breath after intense physical exertion, when a person climbs stairs. A smoker has had an acute respiratory infection for a long time, which can often be accompanied by a severe cough.

2. At the second stage, in addition to the above symptoms, severe shortness of breath occurs, which can lead to fainting. A cough bothers you if a person does sharp breath. With shortness of breath, the heart rate increases.

3. At the third stage, shortness of breath is severe, disturbing the smoker even when he is lightly loaded, while breathing becomes difficult, hypoxia may develop, and metabolism is disrupted.

What are the consequences of smoker's bronchitis?

A dangerous complication is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With smoker's bronchitis, obstruction occurs, and the person does not have enough oxygen in the blood. Due to the disruption of the respiratory system, problems with the brain arise - a person becomes very tired, constantly drowsy, he may be bothered by frequent dizziness, memory decreases, and problems with the heart also arise - heart failure, hypertension.

How to treat smoker's bronchitis?

If a person does not quit smoking, bronchitis cannot be cured. Therefore, the first thing you need to do is abandon this bad habit. Of course, at first it will be very difficult, perhaps the bronchitis will get worse, the cough will increase, and a copious amount of sputum will appear. But over time, the respiratory system will recover.

Chronic bronchitis in a smoker is treated with bronchodilators; these drugs will help relax the bronchi. You can remove excess mucus from the bronchi with the help of mucolytics. Anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics may also be prescribed. Physiotherapeutic procedures are an effective method of treatment. In no case should you self-medicate, this will only worsen the disease.

Asthmatic bronchitis

This disease is a consequence of a viral or bacterial infection, as well as allergic bronchitis. Due to the fact that the mucous membrane becomes inflamed, a spasm appears in the muscles of the bronchi, then the bronchial mucosa swells, and thick, viscous mucus begins to be produced. It becomes difficult for a person to breathe when he coughs, feels suffocated, and bronchial asthma occurs due to bronchospasm.

Most often, attacks of severe dry cough with suffocation occur at night, which causes bronchospasm. Asthmatic bronchitis can become more complicated, with increased coughing and difficulty breathing. This form of bronchitis is dangerous because the bronchi constantly narrow; if the disease is not treated in time, this can lead to expansion of the alveoli, thinning of the walls, and then to diseases such as pulmonary emphysema and bronchiectasis. If the cough bothers you for a long time and then begins to progress, especially when a person exhales, this indicates bronchial asthma.

Treatment methods for asthmatic bronchitis

Modern medicine offers many medications that can be used to relieve spasms from the bronchi, such as vitalin, saltox, astalin, salben, and also berotec, which can be used to influence the bronchi.

In this case, it is very important to promptly treat colds, nasopharyngeal diseases, oral cavity, contact the allergen as little as possible so as not to aggravate asthmatic bronchitis.

When treating this form of bronchitis, it is necessary to thin the mucus; for this, steam and water inhalations are used. Also constantly humidify the air, also monitor your daily routine - eat healthy, enrich your menu with fruits and vegetables, thus improving the functionality of the bronchi, walk in the fresh air as much as possible, give up alcohol and smoking.

What antibiotics should I take for bronchitis?

It is very important to take them only as directed; antibiotics actively fight infections, viruses and bacteria. With their help you can recover faster, but it is very important to choose them correctly. To do this, hand over necessary tests to find out about hypersensitivity to an antibiotic, if the cough is accompanied by sputum, then it is very important to take a test to check the flora before taking antibiotics. If you are unable to pass all the examinations, then it is best to pay attention to antibiotics such as flemoklav, amoxiclav, they have a wide range of applications. Remember that some antibiotics can only worsen the disease; the cough can become chronic or allergic.

The following antibiotics may also be prescribed for bronchitis:

1. Penicillin groups - ampiox, augmentin, etc.

2. Macrolides – clarithromycin, azithromycin.

3. Cephalosporins – cefazolin, cefpirome, cefotaxime.

If the cough is severe, the antibiotic Codelac is recommended; with its help you can overcome a dry cough. If a cough accompanies a viral infection, the antibiotic “Immunal” is recommended, in cases copious discharge sputum, infections and bacteria in the bronchi can be prescribed "Suprax", "Amoxicliv" and "Macropen".

How to take antibiotics correctly for bronchitis?

It is very important to follow the dosage prescribed by your doctor; if you increase it, serious consequences may arise. allergic reaction. If you don't feel better after taking an antibiotic after two days, it's not right for you. The medications must be taken for at least 10 days. Antibiotics should not be used for longer, because bacterial resistance may develop and it will be quite difficult to treat the disease.

Why are antibiotics needed for bronchitis?

With their help, you can quickly overcome a bacterial infection, but you cannot prescribe antibiotics yourself. Only a doctor can do this. In addition to taking antibiotics, you need to take vitamins, eat as many fruits and vegetables as possible.

How to treat cough after bronchitis?

Very often, people who have had bronchitis have a cough that does not go away for a long time. Please note that coughing may continue for some time after the illness. Only a doctor can say whether this is a complication or a signal of recovery.

It is believed that if a person treated bronchitis with antibiotics, the cough will last for a long time, but this is a false theory, most likely the cough is one of the complications of acute bronchitis, most often this phenomenon occurs in smokers or people who lead an unhealthy lifestyle. It is very important to ensure that cough is not one of the symptoms of pneumonia; for this you need to be constantly observed by a doctor and treated in a timely manner.

Cough after bronchitis can play protective function, it can become a response to the inflammatory process; with the help of cough, you can get rid of harmful microbes in the body and dead cells.

Types of cough after bronchitis

It can be dry or wet. Dryness has a negative effect on the bronchi, it greatly torments the patient, so you need to constantly use expectorants. A wet cough after bronchitis is good sign, with its help you can remove excess phlegm, get rid of harmful microbes and other bodies.

How long can a cough last after bronchitis?

It is very important to pay attention to this factor. If the cough lasts several weeks after bronchitis and does not get worse, but subsides, this is normal. But, if a person feels worse, and is bothered by increased sweating, general malaise, and severe fatigue, it means that you have not completed your treatment.

How to get rid of cough after bronchitis?

To do this, you can use medications or folk remedies. You can cure a cough at home with these simple recipes:

1. You will need honey, radish, carrots. You need to squeeze the juice from the vegetables, then add honey, mix everything. Take one tablespoon every hour. But this is done only if the cough after bronchitis is severe.

2. The following recipe has a beneficial effect on the bronchial system after an illness; it requires sugar, two yolks, everything must be thoroughly mixed, consumed on an empty stomach and at night.

3. This recipe removes cough residue well; it requires honey and radish. You need to take out the middle of the radish and pour honey into it. Drink juice up to six times a day.

Treatment of bronchitis, treatment with folk remedies

It is very important to start treating bronchitis on time, because serious complications can occur. Siberian doctors recommend using this method: you need to take lard, melt it, add French turpentine, and consume it hot before bed. If you have just started treating bronchitis, it is recommended to drink it in the morning.

The famous doctor O. Morozova recommends this effective method of treatment: first you need to sweat well, to do this, drink three glasses of a diaphoretic decoction based on mint, sage, elderberry, linden, dried raspberries, honey and ginger. In this way, sticky mucus can be removed. In cases of increased fever and cough, it is necessary to use mustard plasters, they are applied to the chest, also to the calves, and must be held until a burning sensation occurs. You can use turpentine or grated horseradish instead of mustard. To reduce body temperature, you need to take aspirin. In the morning, if you have bronchitis, it is recommended to drink milk with the addition of soda and honey. In the evening, you need to use a herbal decoction, for which you will need horsemint and honey.

Traditional healers advise using the following recipes for bronchitis:

1. Mix pork or goose fat with aloe juice, add butter, natural honey You can add cocoa to enhance the taste. This mixture should be added to a cup of hot milk. Drink up to two times a day.

2. In case of acute bronchitis, bronchial asthma, it is recommended to pay attention to such a decoction, it will require the fruits of dill, anise, pine buds, thyme, knotweed, licorice root, it must first be crushed. Fill everything boiled water– 400 ml, leave for up to three hours, then boil for 3 minutes. Drink half a glass three times a day.

3. If you have a strong cough during bronchitis, it is recommended to use onions with honey. To do this, you need to finely chop half a kilogram of onion, add half a kilogram of sugar, honey, add a liter of water, and boil. Drink up to 5 times a day.

4. For obstructive and asthmatic bronchitis, which is accompanied by suffocation, it is recommended to use oregano; to do this, brew the herb in a glass of boiling water and leave for up to two hours. Use three times a day.

5. For chronic bronchitis, this collection is used; for it you need to take birch buds, stinging nettle, wild rosemary, oregano, mix everything thoroughly, pour a liter of boiling water over the floor.

6. An infusion of sage with milk will help cure bronchitis; this will require 200 ml of milk, a tablespoon of sage. Boil everything and strain. Drink at night.

7. An infusion prepared from raspberry stems and leaves helps well. For it you need to grind dry raspberry leaves, pour 400 ml of boiling water, boil for up to 10 minutes. This is one of the best diaphoretics.

Treatment of chronic bronchitis using folk methods:

1. You need to take lard, melt it and add it to the milk. Can be used for rubbing, only you need to add turpentine to the melted lard.

2. An effective way is this: you need half a liter of wine to add aloe to it. Leave for 5 days. Take one tablespoon three times a day.

3. In ancient times, a cough that did not go away for a long time was treated with the following recipe: for it you need to take aloe, honey, 100 ml of water, boil everything for up to two hours, always over low heat.

4. Bronchitis can be cured using this mixture; it will require linden honey, Birch buds, olive oil, aloe. Honey needs to be melted, mixed and consumed three times a day, one tablespoon.

5. For severe bronchitis, you need to use this tincture, it will require coltsfoot, asparagus herb, black elderberry flowers, pour 200 ml of boiling water over everything. Use up to three times a day.

Treatment of asthmatic bronchitis

1. It is recommended to use this balm; it will require 250 grams of agave, half a liter of Cahors and honey. The leaves of the plant do not need to be washed, just wipe, then chop, put in a container, then add Cahors and chalk. Mix everything thoroughly and leave for two weeks.

2. This recipe works well, for it you need to mix aloe juice with lard, butter and honey. This recipe should not be used by pregnant women, those who suffer from hemorrhoids, or have an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system and kidneys.

3. Decoctions based on knotweed will help ease the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis. To prepare it, you need to take one tablespoon of finely chopped herb, pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil everything thoroughly, leave for up to two hours.

4. An infusion of devyasil root effectively helps against bronchitis; it is good to add honey to it.

5. Nettle-based medicines are an excellent expectorant; in order to prepare it, you need to take nettle flowers and pour 800 ml of boiling water. Leave for 3 hours.

6. A recipe based on bran helps well; for this you need to take half a kilogram of bran, add two liters of water, boil everything for up to 15 minutes. Serve hot.

7. The symptoms of bronchitis will be alleviated by such a decoction; for it you need to take the fruits of cilantro, seed coriander, white mistletoe, yellow chrysanthemum, golden flower, Tatar aster root. Everything needs to be crushed, mixed and poured with boiling water. Then add a little ginger, leave for one night, add honey.

9. An effective remedy for the treatment of bronchitis is inhalation using propolis, for this you need to take 40 grams of wax, 60 grams of propolis, place everything in an aluminum pan, it must be placed in a container boiling with water, thus the wax and propolis dissolve. Inhalation is recommended to be done twice a day for 15 minutes.

10. Wine will help cure bronchitis; with its help, sputum is separated better. You need to heat dry wine and drink 50 ml twice a day. You can add plantain leaves to it, they will help thin the phlegm.

Effective folk remedies for cough

1. It is necessary to moisten the gauze in vodka, put it on chest, cover the top with polyethylene, then with cotton wool, secure everything with a bandage. The procedure is performed at night for up to 30 minutes.

2. It is good to rub your chest with this tincture at night; it will require half a liter of vodka, half a glass of medicinal veronica. Mix everything and leave for two weeks.

3. Such a compress is an effective remedy; for it you need to take half a liter of vodka, potatoes and honey. The potatoes need to be boiled, then put in a bag and mashed. Apply it to your chest, then you need to dissolve honey in vodka, you need to drink the mixture. The procedure should be carried out before bedtime; if the temperature is high, the compress should not be applied.

Recipes for bronchitis based on sea salt

1. You need to add sea salt to a glass of water - one teaspoon, baking soda– one teaspoon. Every morning you need to rinse your mouth with this solution.

2. Heat sea salt in a frying pan, then bend over and inhale it using this saline inhalation You can quickly cure bronchitis and bronchial asthma.

Thus, bronchitis is a serious disease that should never be neglected, because it can become complicated and develop into a chronic form. Also don't do it self-treatment, at the first symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor.

Bronchitis appears quite often in children, especially if you self-medicate or mistreat a cold. This term refers to the inflammatory process that occurs in the bronchial mucosa and is caused by a variety of reasons.

Causes of bronchitis in children

About 70% of cases of this disease in children are viruses. Most common cause can be called rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial infections. Group A and B viruses are very rare.

The second place among the causes of bronchitis is occupied by microbial etiology, which occurs when the drainage functionality of the bronchi is disrupted, when foreign bodies enter, tracheal intubation, constant aspiration, as well as in the presence of cystic fibrosis. The most common bacteria that cause bronchitis are streptococcus, staphylococcus and pneumococcus.

In rare cases, only with weakened immunity, fungal bronchitis may develop in children. Children with immunodeficiency can be affected by candida and other fungi.

According to their own clinical manifestations There can be quite a lot of bronchitis, so it is worth determining in advance which type the child has in order to carry out the correct treatment. There are two most common types of bronchitis in children:

Acute bronchitis, which is quite active and occurs in a healthy body;

Chronic bronchitis, ongoing a long period, with possible remission.

The acute form of bronchitis in children can be divided into:

Acute simple bronchitis is acute inflammation bronchi, in which there are no signs of obstruction (air conductivity);

Obstructive bronchitis is an acute form with visible signs of air obstruction;

Bronchiolitis is an acute inflammation of the small bronchi with pronounced respiratory failure. Fine bubbling rales may occur;

Acute relapses, which can be repeated about three times a year against the background of any colds, manifesting themselves within two weeks;

Acute chronic, in which inflammation of the bronchial region is constantly maintained, the presence of an irritable cough, wheezing in the lungs, which does not go away for a long time.

Clinical symptoms of bronchitis in children

The symptoms of childhood bronchitis directly depend on the cause of the disease, the age of the child and many other factors.

In the case of an acute form of this disease in a child, the main symptom is cough. At first, the cough is quite dry and irritable, but after two days it becomes moist, with an increasing amount of mucous secretions. A severe cough can last up to two weeks, and for some infections a little longer.

The viral form of bronchitis tends to develop with a certain toxicosis and body temperature, which can last up to three days, in rare cases longer. The child does not experience shortness of breath, and when examining the lungs with a stethoscope, one can hear wheezing of various types, which changes with coughing. An enhanced pattern of the pulmonary area is formed on the x-ray. In a blood test, certain changes may be detected that are due to the presence of bronchitis in the child.

The obstructive form of bronchitis in children is manifested by symptoms of a characteristic prolonged whistling exhalation, during which the presence of wheezing can be heard. With this form of the disease, a dry, infrequent cough appears. The child's body temperature may be moderate or may not exist at all. The x-ray shows swelling of the pulmonary area with an enhanced pattern. The blood test is typical for a viral infection.

When a baby develops an acute form of obstructive bronchitis, it is often accompanied by elevated body temperature for a long time with severe respiratory distress. When listening, one can note constant fine-bubble wheezing and crepitus, the inhalation is noticeably prolonged and heavy. A child's blood test may show increase in ESR, as well as the manifestation of leukocytosis.

The manifestation of broncholiths is observed only in the first years of a child’s life, with the main peak of the disease being six months. Symptoms of the disease include noticeable shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. A dry cough and cyanosis around the mouth may also occur.

Recurrent forms of the disease most often occur in children under 5 years of age. During the period of relapse, no features that differ from acute bronchitis are observed. Also, during the period of remission, no obvious manifestations are detected.

Chronic bronchitis can occur at any age. This disease is often accompanied by other chronic and inflammatory processes in pulmonary system. the main symptoms are the presence persistent cough with mucus, as well as wheezing in the lungs for a couple of months. Over the course of two years, exacerbations of the disease may occur about three times a year, with the exception of pneumonia and other chronic lung diseases.

Obstructive bronchitis - treatment with drugs and folk remedies. How to treat obstructive bronchitis in children, video

The human respiratory system is a unique mechanism that saturates the body with oxygen and protects against infection, toxins, and viruses. When there is a failure, an inflammatory process begins, known as bronchial obstruction syndrome. What is acute or chronic obstructive bronchitis as a disease and how to effectively get rid of it? You will find complete information about this in a short review.

What is obstructive bronchitis

The inflammatory process in the bronchi, which damages the patency of the respiratory tract, is called bronchitis. According to ICD 10, a progressive disease leads to impaired ventilation of the lungs and affects internal organs. Difficulty breathing, wheezing, and shortness of breath are observed. There are two forms of bronchitis with obstruction:

• Acute, typical for children, appears after viral infections (flu, ARVI, pneumonia).
• Chronic, manifests itself after any irritant (disease, allergic reaction).

Symptoms

Acute bronchial obstruction develops against the background of a respiratory viral disease. The patient has an increase in temperature, signs of fever, and weakness. Main symptom bronchitis called obstructive - a dry, obsessive cough, which then turns into a wet form. Severe cases of the disease due to the accumulation of pulmonary secretions and swelling of the mucous membrane are characterized by:

• shortness of breath;
• wheezing;
• whistling sounds.

Signs of obstructive bronchitis in chronic form do not appear for a long time. Exacerbations occur against the background of hypothermia and the consequences of illness. The symptoms of bronchitis, which is called obstructive, arises as a result of complications and depends on the level of damage to the respiratory system:

• strong, suffocating cough;
• scanty sputum becomes purulent in nature;
• difficulty breathing with whistling.

Causes

There are many factors that will cause bronchitis with obstruction:

• inflammatory processes of the nasopharynx;
• allergy;
• poisoning;
• burns, respiratory injuries;
• genetic predisposition (antitryspin deficiency);
• age (risk groups include children and the elderly);
• tumors of the bronchi, trachea;
• recurrent viral infections.

There are other points: wrong image life (in smokers and alcohol abusers) affects all body functions, and poor environmental conditions and work in hazardous industries can lead to the development of respiratory diseases. In addition, the presence of chemical irritants easily affects the appearance of symptoms of bronchitis: if the allergen is not eliminated in time, asthmatic bronchitis will develop into bronchial obstruction.

How to treat obstructive bronchitis in adults and children

The main task in the treatment of bronchitis, which is designated as obstructive, is to localize the underlying disease, as well as relieve the consequences of respiratory obstruction. To do this, exclude all irritants whose influence negatively affects the patient’s condition. In the acute form of bronchitis with obstruction in children under one year of age, it is recommended to free the respiratory organs from secretions and accumulated mucus using vibration massage.

Folk remedies

Experienced doctors prescribe complex therapy, which includes traditional medicine as an additional tool. Remember: with such a serious illness as bronchitis, you cannot rely solely on herbs. Self-medication is prohibited: all medications are prescribed only by a doctor. Natural remedies help thin and remove mucus.

Aloe juice has amazing properties, it is used for severe diseases (including bronchitis) as additional means:

• 500 g fresh leaves grind the plants in a blender or meat grinder;
• add honey and Cahors (in equal proportions) to the resulting mass;
• to stir thoroughly;
• leave for 14 days;
• take 18 g before meals (no more than three times).

In case of bronchitis, it is recommended to stop an attack of suffocating cough with warm milk with the addition of 10 drops of propolis, and turnip juice with honey will help thin the sputum during illness, so you can take it several times a day, a teaspoon. Auxiliary for chronic bronchitis is a collection of medicinal herbs, which is infused for 60 minutes:

• motherwort;
• eucalyptus;
• coltsfoot;
• nettle.

Thyme is known for its mucaltic properties, so it is widely used in traditional medicine recipes as an additional remedy for bronchitis and pulmonary diseases. A decoction of the plant stems is taken three times a day, two tablespoons before meals:

• Pour 15 g of raw material into a glass of hot liquid;
• place the container in a steam bath (at least 15 minutes);
• When the product has cooled, strain through cheesecloth.

Antibiotics

Bronchial obstruction syndrome with bacterial infection and purulent sputum can only be treated with strong antibiotics. The task of the therapist (pediatrician in the case of a newborn) will be to eliminate the source of the disease. The course lasts for 5-7-10-14 days. Type medicines, their dosage is prescribed individually by the doctor, so do not trust advertising or advice from friends. Additionally, for bronchitis with obstruction, medications with bifidobacteria are prescribed to restore the gastric microflora.

Features of the treatment of obstructive bronchitis

• If a person has a strong immune system, the recovery process will take an average of 14 days.
• In older people due to age-related changes the duration of recovery procedures increases.
• The course of bronchitis in an infant or preschool child requires close attention: the rapid development of inflammatory processes occurs during the first hours, so pediatrics provides for the continuation of therapeutic measures for up to three weeks.

The timing and features of treatment depend on how quickly the doctor identifies the cause of obstruction during bronchitis. To identify the source of the disease, you need differential diagnosis: This is how the symptoms of bronchitis are recognized. If the patient has an elevated temperature or a weakened body, they are sent to the clinic, where they will be under round-the-clock supervision of medical personnel.

Acute

How to cure the acute form of bronchial obstruction syndrome? Do not self-medicate, especially for children. If the adult’s immunity is adapted to fight infection, then the infant requires immediate medical attention. Treatment is carried out with drugs that have expectorant properties (“Ambrobene”).

In acute bronchitis with characteristic obstruction, the cause that caused the disease is first eliminated. This is the main stage of therapy, so maximum attention is paid to it. If a microbial infection is detected, then a course of antibiotics is prescribed (Erythromycin, Spiramycin, Amoxiclav). For severe respiratory failure, the use of corticosteroids (Symbicort, Advair) is recommended.

Chronic

When bronchitis becomes chronic, this means that the condition worsens due to the appearance of an irritant. The treatment regimen is indicated by the therapist after a series of studies (to exclude concomitant diseases):

• to restore airway patency, bronchodilators are prescribed (Berodual, Salbutamol);
• means are used to thin mucus and phlegm in the bronchi (Lazolvan, Bromhexin, herbal teas, homeopathy);
• if they appeared purulent discharge, then antibiotics are used;
• strengthen the immune system with courses of vitamin therapy.

Prevention

To avoid relapses of obstructive bronchitis, you should exclude all irritants - smoking, alcohol abuse, allergens. Timely diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal diseases will eliminate subsequent problems. Prevention of the chronic form of bronchial obstruction is carried out in sanatorium-medical institutions. To get rid of obstructive acute or chronic bronchitis, doctors recommend doing breathing exercises.

Video: treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children from Dr. Komarovsky

All inflammatory processes during obstructive (usually acute) bronchitis in a child’s body occur rapidly: if there is lethargy in the morning, then after a couple of hours the temperature will begin to rise, so therapy must be prescribed without delay. With timely medical care, the transition of the acute form of the disease to chronic is excluded. Pediatrician Komarovsky will tell you how to quickly and easily get rid of bronchitis with obstruction.

Chronic bronchitis in children

Chronic bronchitis in children - chronic common inflammatory lesion bronchi, occurring with repeated exacerbations, at least 3 times in 2 years. IN childhood is usually a manifestation of other chronic lung diseases. How independent disease diagnosed by exclusion chronic pneumonia, pulmonary and mixed forms cystic fibrosis, ciliary dyskinesia syndrome and others chronic diseases lungs, congenital malformations of the bronchi and lungs.

In the occurrence of chronic bronchitis great importance have passive and active smoking, xenobiotics and pollutants, foci chronic infection. Hereditary predisposition is essential.

ICD-10 code J41.0 Simple chronic bronchitis J41 Simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis J41.1 Mucopurulent chronic bronchitis J41.8 Mixed, simple and mucopurulent chronic bronchitis J42 Chronic bronchitis, unspecified

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis in children

Most characteristic feature- prolonged dry cough during the period of remission, wet cough during the period of exacerbation. The duration of exacerbation is 2-3 weeks or more. Sputum is mucopurulent, mostly in small quantities, difficult to cough up. In the lungs one can hear hard breathing, widespread dry and moist medium- and large-bubble rales without clear localization. The number of wheezes increases during exacerbation and decreases during remission, but they continue to be heard for several months.

Where does it hurt?

What's troubling?

Criteria for diagnosing chronic bronchitis

• productive cough with sputum;
• constant variable, moist rales in the lungs for several months with 2-3 exacerbations of the disease per year for 2 years.

At laboratory research blood during an exacerbation - moderate leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a shift to the left of the leukocyte formula and an increase in ESR. When examining the function of external respiration, moderately severe obstructive disorders are revealed.

On radiographs- the pulmonary pattern is enhanced both during the period of exacerbation and during the period of remission. Unlike chronic pneumonia, there are no signs of local pneumosclerosis.

During bronchoscopy in the period of exacerbation, catarrhal or catarrhal-purulent widespread endobronchitis without clear localization is determined.

On bronchograms There are no gross deformations of the bronchial tree.

What needs to be examined?

How to examine?

What tests are needed?

Who to contact?

Treatment of chronic bronchitis

For chronic bronchitis, treatment is similar to that for chronic pneumonia.

More information about treatment

Chronic bronchitis in children is one of the most common diseases. Despite actively taken preventive measures, the dynamics of the incidence of bronchitis throughout the world is growing from year to year. The chronic form of the disease, which occurs independently, is extremely rare in young patients. Most often, their bronchitis is a consequence of diseases of the respiratory tract, occurring against the background of inflammatory processes in the lungs, malformations of internal organs, and various inherited diseases. Determining whether a child has bronchitis is quite simple. Parents need to pay attention to how often he coughs. The immune system Children are more vulnerable; doctors often diagnose infectious and cold diseases in young patients. But if your child coughs for at least three months each year, he or she may have chronic bronchitis. When a cough continues for two years, the likelihood that a child will be diagnosed with this form of the disease by medical specialists is almost 100%.

Causes of chronic bronchitis

Primary bronchitis most often occurs in adults, secondary - in children. This is also due to the fact that in adults, the prerequisite for the occurrence of the primary form of the disease is professional activity in conditions unfavorable for the lungs. Hypothermia and smoking play an important role. The most numerous risk group, which most often experiences the appearance of chronic bronchitis, is the category of children born prematurely.

Chronic bronchitis in children, as they say medical specialists, may also be a consequence of violations intrauterine development. The disease is inherited, according to scientific point vision cannot be transmitted. But the predisposition to the occurrence of a number of pulmonary pathologies passes from parents to children. Therefore, there is a high probability that parents with chronic bronchitis will have a son or daughter who will be predisposed to developing such a disease. The leading cause of bronchitis in adults and children is weakened immunity. In addition to it, there are a number of factors that create conditions for the occurrence and dynamic progression of the disease.

The chronic form of bronchitis in children occurs under the influence of:

• unfavorable climatic conditions;
• exposure to cold, dampness;
• poor nutrition;
• high level of air pollution;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• impaired metabolism;
• low standard of living and social conditions.

The listed factors are interrelated with each other. In the medical literature, stress is not always identified as a separate category of prerequisites for the occurrence of chronic diseases, but stressful conditions directly affect children's immunity, weakening it. As numerous studies confirm, in families where there is a negative psychological microclimate, children suffer from chronic, infectious and inflammatory diseases suffer much more often. The condition that precedes the onset of bronchitis in a child or adult is often called “cold accumulation.” These words mean the influence on the body of a number of factors leading to the appearance of the disease. Acute bronchitis can also become chronic. As a rule, this happens in cases where primary disease is of an infectious nature or if acute bronchitis has not been completely cured.

The nature of the cough and the degree of its intensity

Recurrent bronchitis in children is also quite recognizable: it makes itself felt frequently. colds which is accompanied by a severe cough. The degree of activity of chronic bronchitis can be any. In order to determine it and develop an optimal strategy to combat the disease, medical specialists carry out macroscopic, cytological, and biochemical diagnostics. With bronchitis, the deterioration of the child’s health, as a rule, occurs with changes in climatic conditions: when the temperature drops, air humidity rises, and so on. Cough that occurs during illness is one of the important symptoms, which helps to quickly identify the disease. It usually appears already in the first days of the disease and is distinguished by the presence of sputum. When coughing, a small patient experiences shortness of breath. Coughing attacks increase in time quite quickly; they cause a lot of untidy sensations, occurring constantly.

Some people believe that the degree of cough intensity can determine the depth of damage to the bronchi by this disease. This is only partly true. Without the use of hardware diagnostics, it is impossible to determine the degree of destructive processes in the respiratory organs based only on the results of a medical examination. Symptoms of a feverish state also do not always indicate bronchitis in children: they can appear and disappear, being short-lived. The nature of the cough can change during the course of the disease. It can be dry or wet. Wheezing, as a rule, appears only at the time of exacerbation of bronchitis.

The sputum released when coughing has its own specific composition: it contains mucus and pus. It is imperative to take into account what disease caused the bronchitis. In some cases, adults allow themselves to treat ARVI in children lightly, believing that with the end of the disease, problems in the functioning of the respiratory organs will disappear. But during ARVI, damage to the epithelium of the bronchial mucosa occurs, and favorable conditions for the appearance of bronchitis.

What types of illness are there?

The disease can occur in two forms: simple or obstructive. The second is more severe. With obstructive bronchitis, it forms excess quantity mucus in the bronchial tree, polyps form. The obstructive form of the disease is characterized by the occurrence of sclerosis and atrophy of the muscle layer. The disease can be local or diffuse. Which of these forms will be more severe depends on the following factors:

• presence of lung pathology;
• clinical picture of diseases associated with bronchitis;
• severity of respiratory tract damage;
• general health.

Treatment of chronic bronchitis in children is focused primarily on eliminating inflammation in the bronchi. In parallel, therapeutic measures to improve bronchial patency. In order for antibiotic therapy to be correctly selected, a sputum analysis is necessary. Special attention When selecting drugs, attention is paid to the sensitivity of sputum microflora to antibiotics. Oral or injectable antibiotics are prescribed.

The second option is more effective, because the drug begins to act faster after entering the body. But many children psychologically have a very difficult time with the injections, so doctors, if the health condition of the little patient allows it, prescribe oral medications.

How to alleviate the patient's condition?

Treatment of chronic bronchitis in children is quite effective using inhalations. These procedures can also be carried out at home using natural remedies, which include eucalyptus leaves, needles coniferous trees, calendula flowers.

An indispensable condition for effective treatment is the inclusion of expectorant and mucolytic drugs in drug therapy.

Bronchospasmolytics will help alleviate the child’s condition and stop the progression of the disease. is one of the most severe forms of the disease. It can be effectively treated only in a hospital setting, where intratracheal lavages and sanitary bronchoscopy are used to combat the disease.

One of the most effective methods of combating bronchitis is exercise therapy. Her exercises are aimed at restoring the full functioning of the respiratory system and increasing the vitality of the body. Particular attention should be paid proper nutrition young patients. The diet should be high in calories and fortified. If chronic bronchitis is complicated by pulmonary, cardiac or pulmonary-heart failure, oxygen therapy methods and artificial ventilation are used. There is a belief that cups, compresses, and mustard plasters will help to quickly cope with chronic bronchitis. This is far from true, because the listed methods become ineffective in the chronic form of the disease. Is it possible to provide reliable protection against bronchitis? Yes, if children are vaccinated against influenza in a timely manner (annually).