Signs of pregnancy after insemination. Insemination

Modern medicine provides more than one opportunity to acquire the desired offspring and, as one of them, offers many couples to do artificial insemination in St. Petersburg Any of the leading reproductive specialists will confirm that artificial intrauterine insemination is a technically quite simple procedure that differs from the natural process of conception only in that sterile seminal fluid obtained outside of sexual intercourse is injected into the cervical canal of the uterus under laboratory conditions. As a method of fertilization, IUI originated in the 18th century, but since then it has been significantly improved, thanks to the possibilities modern medicine. To undergo IUI safely and effectively, any interested married couple or single woman can contact the St. Petersburg reproduction center.

Indications for IUI

A woman takes part in the procedure of conception by artificial insemination, therefore, if there are contraindications to pregnancy or pathologies that do not allow bearing a child, IUI cannot be performed. IUI is indicated for infertility of unknown origin, as well as identified pathologies that prevent natural conception from occurring. Insemination is also in a suitable way get pregnant for women who do not have a partner.

How to prepare for the IUI procedure?

Proper preparation for artificial insemination increases the chances of success.

Preparing a man for intrauterine insemination

If a married couple consults a doctor, the doctor will give the man a list of tests for artificial insemination to understand whether sperm counts allow the procedure to be carried out. Typically, a man needs to be examined by a urologist and have his sperm taken for a spermogram and MAR test, as well as a smear for STDs, a blood test for antibodies and antigens to infectious diseases, by Rh factor and group. The week before submitting the material to the clinic should pass calmly, without nervous and physical stress, overheating and hypothermia, and alcohol consumption is excluded. There should be at least 3-5 days between sexual intercourse, otherwise the quality of sperm deteriorates. Depending on the spermogram indicators, a man can donate material different ways: The most common is to donate sperm 1.5 hours before the scheduled procedure. If there is a lack of ejaculate, the man donates sperm several times, it is cleaned and frozen.

Preparing a woman for intrauterine insemination

Preparing for artificial insemination is more serious for a woman. Examinations and tests carried out before the procedure allow us to identify pathologies that need to be eliminated in time. To do this, you will need not only to donate blood for group, Rh factor, antibodies and antigens to infections, a smear for STDs, flora and oncocytology. For intrauterine insemination you will need: a coagulogram and biochemical analysis blood, ultrasound examinations thyroid gland, mammary glands, checking the patency of the fallopian tubes and the condition of the uterine cavity, as well as fluorography, ECG. It is necessary to visit a therapist, mammologist and endocrinologist. IUI should be carried out during the period of ovulation, natural or with drug stimulation, which also requires preliminary preparation and determines what other tests are needed for artificial insemination. To increase the likelihood of success of the procedure, the woman should refuse bad habits, avoid worries and physical exertion. A few days before the procedure, in order to avoid spontaneous ovulation, it is recommended to avoid sexual intercourse.

Insemination with donor sperm

For insemination in this case, material is used that is stored frozen for at least six months. This period allows you to identify all kinds of diseases and other deviations from the norm, thereby significantly reducing the risk of an unfavorable outcome.

Artificial insemination step by step

The IUI procedure is prescribed for the period of a woman’s ovulation: insemination is done both in the natural cycle and with drug stimulation. This procedure does not require hospitalization, but is carried out in an equipped office in a gynecological chair. Intrauterine artificial insemination with the husband's sperm requires the latter's participation - 1.5 hours before the procedure, he donates his material, after which sperm without inactive sperm will be used for manipulation.

Folliculometry

This ultrasound examination is done regardless of what day of the cycle artificial insemination is performed to monitor the condition of the ovaries and determine the fact of ovulation. If ovulation has not occurred, folliculometry is repeated after 2-3 days. When performing intrauterine artificial insemination in a natural cycle, you just need to wait to see what day of the cycle it can be done, and when stimulating ovulation, you may need additional introduction drug. If natural ovulation has occurred or stimulation has taken effect, you can move on to the next stage - direct artificial insemination.

How is the artificial insemination procedure performed?

When performing the procedure on a woman, the doctor injects prepared sperm into the uterus with a special syringe with a flexible tube. The peculiarity of the procedure is that the material must be introduced gradually, over 2-3 minutes, to avoid shock contraction of the uterus. Fertilization occurs during artificial insemination naturally, as with normal sexual intercourse: once in cervical canal or uterine cavity near fallopian tubes, sperm rush to the mature egg.

How to behave after the IUI procedure?

The main responsibility for the outcome of the procedure lies with the woman. In order for pregnancy to occur after artificial insemination, a woman must follow a number of rules.

Loads on the body

After intrauterine insemination, sunbathing, visiting the bathhouse and sauna, gym and swimming pool are prohibited. Need to reduce physical exercise and remember that the likelihood of pregnancy partly depends on how you behave after artificial insemination.

During the period after artificial insemination, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations, especially when it comes to taking medicines. Prescribed medications must be taken strictly according to schedule; taking medications not prescribed by a doctor is excluded.

Sexual rest

After artificial insemination, it is necessary to abstain from sexual relations for some time, usually for a short period.

Probability of pregnancy after artificial insemination

You can find out whether pregnancy has occurred two weeks after the procedure. The probability of conception through artificial insemination is an individual indicator. In general, it ranges from 12% to 30% and depends on a number of factors.

Woman's age

Women under 35 years of age are more likely to become pregnant after artificial insemination, the minimum figure is 23%. And it drops to 8.8% in women over 35 and 40 years old. This is due to the fact that the quality of eggs deteriorates with age, and accordingly, the likelihood of fertilization decreases.

Infertility period

According to statistics, with infertility up to 6 years, regardless of the woman’s age, the success rate of artificial insemination can be quite high - 20%. After six years, the chances of conceiving are halved. Therefore, if it is impossible to conceive a child without medical care It’s better not to delay and contact the reproduction center as quickly as possible.

Woman's health status

If everything is in order with the reproductive system and other systems of the woman’s body, the chances of success with artificial insemination increase. However, sometimes the procedure is prescribed if the anatomical features of the structure reproductive system women are not allowed to conceive a child in the usual way, for example, with pathologies of the cervix. In this case, the likelihood of pregnancy decreases.

Sperm parameters

This is a significant factor that determines the likelihood of pregnancy after insemination if the reason for visiting a doctor was male infertility. Sperm with insufficiently effective indicators is cleaned and prepared, the fastest sperm are selected, and if necessary, the material is collected several times. However, even with artificially improved sperm counts, the chance of getting pregnant after artificial insemination is reduced.

Number of previously performed procedures

Typically, this procedure is performed up to four times, and each time the likelihood of pregnancy after artificial insemination decreases. If pregnancy does not occur after the fourth attempt, it is recommended to try IVF.

How much does artificial insemination cost?

Since intrauterine artificial insemination is a high-tech procedure with individual approach for each patient, the price in St. Petersburg and other cities of Russia is quite high and consists of factors that affect the likelihood of conception in a particular case. How much does intrauterine insemination IUI cost also depends on status and experience reproductive clinic. The cost of intrauterine artificial insemination includes prices for: donor sperm or laboratory processing of the husband's sperm, the procedure itself and equipment, as well as studies carried out within the clinic. However, compared to the IVF procedure, artificial insemination is much cheaper; at the Genesis reproduction center the cost of the procedure is 25,000 rubles.

Please note that a suspiciously low price for this procedure may indicate non-compliance with the preparation and implementation technology. Choose your clinic wisely!

Demchenko Alina Gennadievna

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Almost all families want to have children. For many people, conception occurs naturally and quickly, so the problem of infertility does not bother them. But there are also couples whose path to happiness is long and thorny. In some cases, the cause of infertility in a family may be the man, not the woman. If the main problem is the male factor, and pregnancy cannot occur as a result bad analysis spermograms (subfertile sperm), the doctor prescribes an auxiliary procedure - artificial insemination.

A similar technique is suggested not only in the case of male factor, but also when female cervical mucus is of poor quality or for some reason is completely absent. This technique is also recommended for those girls whose cause of infertility remains unclear. The only condition is that the woman must not have tubal pathology.

After insemination, the chances of getting pregnant increase significantly, and on average statistics show an increase in chances of 20%.

Procedure

Before starting the procedure, the doctor monitors the woman’s cycle for several days using ultrasound. This is necessary to determine when ovulation occurs.

The purpose of the artificial insemination procedure is to transport purified sperm through the cervix technically a special catheter.

Around the 3rd or 5th day after the start of menstruation, the doctor prescribes hormones to stimulate the ovaries. On the 8th day, the gynecologist daily, using an ultrasound machine, monitors the size of estradiol and follicle growth, and also monitors normal condition endometrium.

A few days after the follicle matures, stimulating medications are discontinued. A woman receives an injection of hCG, which speeds up the ovulation process. Ovulation occurs approximately a day later, a maximum of 40 hours, after stimulation. The reaction of each organism to similar procedure quite individual. On the second day after the injection, the AI procedure (artificial insemination) is performed.

Insemination. Types and techniques of insemination. Possible complications after insemination. Where is artificial insemination performed?

Thank you

How is the insemination procedure performed?

Insemination is carried out in a specially equipped room of a clinic or hospital. The procedure is performed in outpatient setting, that is, the woman comes to the doctor directly on the day of insemination, and after its completion goes home.

On what day of the natural cycle is insemination done?

To procedure artificial insemination turned out to be most effective, the doctor first studies menstrual cycle patients, calculating the time of the expected ovulation (that is, the release of a mature egg ready for fertilization in fallopian tube ).
After leaving ovary The egg can be fertilized in about 24 hours. At this time, artificial insemination is prescribed.

On average, ovulation occurs on day 14 menstrual cycle, however, in some cases it may occur earlier or later. However, predict exact time ovulation is impossible, and a woman cannot subjectively feel this. That is why, to maximize the effectiveness of artificial insemination, doctors use a number of diagnostic tests, allowing you to calculate the moment of ovulation.

To determine the time of ovulation, use:

Ultrasound of ovarian follicles. IN normal conditions During each menstrual cycle, one main follicle is formed in one of the ovaries - a sac of fluid in which the egg develops. This follicle is visible using ( Ultrasound) ultrasound examination already on the 8th – 10th day of the cycle. After this follicle has been determined, it is recommended to perform ultrasound daily. If the follicle was visible the day before, but following procedure it cannot be determined, this indicates that ovulation has occurred.
Determination of the level of luteinizing hormone ( LH) in blood. The hormone secreted by a special gland ( pituitary gland ) and is involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. An increase in the level of this hormone in the middle of the cycle indicates that ovulation will occur within the next 24 to 48 hours.
Measurement basal temperature bodies. During the ovulation period, body temperature increases by approximately 0.5 - 1 degree, which is due to hormonal changes, occurring in a woman’s body. However, to notice such a temperature jump, a woman must regularly ( within a few months) keep a schedule basal temperature, measuring it twice a day ( morning and evening, at the same time).
Examination of cervical mucus. Under normal conditions, the mucus found in the cervical area is relatively dense, cloudy, and poorly extensible. During ovulation, under the influence of female sex hormones, it liquefies, becomes transparent and more viscous, which is used by doctors for diagnostic purposes.
Subjective feelings of a woman. During ovulation, a woman may experience a tugging sensation. pain in the lower abdomen, as well as increased sexual desire, which, together with other signs, can be used for diagnostic purposes.

Stimulation of ovulation ( ovaries) before insemination

The essence of this procedure is that before insemination the woman is prescribed hormonal drugs, which stimulate the growth and development of the follicle, egg maturation and ovulation. The need for this procedure arises in cases where it is impossible to perform insemination in the usual way ( for example, if a woman does not have a regular menstrual cycle).

To stimulate ovulation before insemination, a woman is most often prescribed recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH). This is an analogue of the natural hormone produced by the pituitary gland during the first half of the menstrual cycle. Under its influence, follicles in the ovaries are activated and develop. The FSH drug should be used for 8 to 10 days ( more precise instructions can be given by the attending physician after a full examination, determining the regularity and other features of the menstrual cycle in a particular woman), after which ovulation should occur.

Danger of use this method is that when too high doses of FSH are prescribed, the so-called ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can develop, when instead of one follicle, several mature at once. In this case, during ovulation, 2 or more eggs may enter the fallopian tube, which can be fertilized during the artificial insemination procedure. The outcome of such a phenomenon could be multiple pregnancy.

Types and techniques of artificial insemination ( intracervical, intrauterine, vaginal)

To date, several techniques have been developed that allow the introduction of male seminal fluid ( sperm) into the female genital tract. However, to understand the mechanism of their action, it is necessary to know how insemination occurs under natural conditions.

With natural insemination ( occurring during sexual intercourse) a man's sperm is ejaculated into a woman's vagina. Then the sperm ( During one sexual act, about 200 million are ejected), possessing mobility, begin to move towards uterus. They must first pass through the cervix, a narrow canal that separates the uterus from the vagina. A woman’s cervix contains special mucus that has protective properties. Walking through this slime most of sperm dies. The surviving sperm enter the uterine cavity and then travel to the fallopian tubes. One of these pipes contains a mature ( ready for fertilization) egg ( women's sex cell ). One of the sperm penetrates its wall earlier than the others and fertilizes it, resulting in pregnancy. The remaining sperm die.

Artificial insemination can be:

Intracervical ( vaginal). This is the most simple form a procedure that is as similar as possible to natural sexual intercourse. No special preparation is required before performing it ( Naturally, before any insemination you should refrain from smoking, drinking alcohol, drugs and so on). Insemination can be carried out with either fresh, unpurified seminal fluid ( in this case it must be used no later than 3 hours after receipt), and frozen sperm ( from a sperm bank). The essence of the procedure is as follows. In the morning on the appointed day, a woman comes to the clinic, goes into a specially equipped room and lies down in a gynecological chair or on a special table. Special dilating speculum is inserted into her vagina, making it easier to access the cervix. Next, the doctor collects sperm into a special ( with blunt tip) syringe, inserts it into the vagina and brings the tip as close as possible to the entrance to the cervix. After this, the doctor presses on the syringe plunger, as a result of which the sperm is squeezed out of it onto the mucous membrane of the cervix. The syringe and speculum are removed, and the woman must remain in the gynecological chair lying on her back for 60 to 90 minutes. This will prevent the leakage of seminal fluid and will also facilitate the penetration of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tubes. One and a half to two hours after the procedure, the woman can go home.
Intrauterine. This procedure is considered more effective than intracervical insemination. Its essence lies in the fact that after installing speculum in the vagina, sperm is drawn into a special syringe, to which a long and thin catheter is attached ( a tube). This catheter is inserted through the cervix into the uterine cavity, after which the sperm is squeezed into it. When performing this procedure, it is recommended to use specially prepared and purified sperm. The introduction of fresh seminal fluid into the uterine cavity can cause contraction of the uterine muscles ( which will reduce the likelihood of fertilization) or even cause severe allergic reactions.
In-pipe. The essence of the procedure is that pre-prepared sperm are injected directly into the fallopian tubes in which the egg should be located. It is worth noting that according to the results latest research The effectiveness of this procedure does not exceed that of conventional intrauterine insemination.
Intrauterine intraperitoneal. With this procedure, a certain amount of previously obtained and processed ( purified) male sperm mixed with a few milliliters of a special liquid, after which the resulting mixture ( about 10 ml) is inserted into the uterine cavity under slight pressure. As a result, the solution containing sperm will penetrate the fallopian tubes, pass through them and enter the abdominal cavity. Thus, the probability of fertilization of an egg, which may be located in the path of the injected solution, significantly increases. This procedure is indicated for unknown reasons. infertility, as well as if intracervical or intrauterine insemination is ineffective. In terms of execution technique, it is no different from the previously described procedures.

Does insemination hurt?

Artificial insemination is an absolutely painless procedure. Some women may experience discomfort during insertion of speculum into the vagina, but there will be no pain. At the same time, it is worth noting that with vaginismus, a woman reacts painfully to any procedures involving the insertion of any instruments into the vagina. Such patients are usually prescribed special sedatives, and if necessary, they can be introduced into superficial medicinal sleep. In this state, they will not feel pain and will not remember anything about the procedure.

Is it possible to perform artificial insemination at home?

At home, you can perform the procedure of artificial intracervical ( vaginal) insemination, which is similar in mechanism of action and effectiveness to natural insemination. Other versions of the procedure require the use of purified sperm, as well as intrauterine insertion foreign objects, and therefore they should be carried out only by an experienced specialist in a clinic setting.

Preparation includes calculating the day of expected ovulation ( the techniques have been described previously). When ovulation has occurred, you should proceed directly to the procedure itself.

To carry out artificial insemination at home you will need:

Disposable sterile syringe ( for 10 ml) – can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Sterile container for collecting semen– for example, a container for taking tests, which can also be purchased at a pharmacy.
Sterile disposable vaginal dilator- can be bought at the pharmacy, but the procedure can be performed without it.

It is recommended to perform the procedure protected from exposure sun rays place ( best at night), as they can damage sperm. After the donor ejaculates semen into a sterile container, it should be left in a warm, dark place for 15 to 20 minutes to allow it to become more fluid. After this, you should draw the sperm into a syringe and insert its tip into the vagina. If a woman uses vaginal dilators, the syringe should be inserted under visual control ( you can use a mirror for this). It should be brought as close to the cervix as possible, but try not to touch it. If a vaginal dilator is not used, the syringe should be inserted into the vagina 3–8 cm ( depending on the anatomical features women). After inserting the syringe, gently press the plunger so that the seminal fluid moves to the surface of the mucous membrane of the cervix.

After the sperm is injected, the syringe and dilator are removed, and the woman is advised to remain in the “lying on her back” position for the next one and a half to two hours. Some experts recommend placing a small cushion under the buttocks so that the pelvis is raised above the bed. In their opinion, this promotes the movement of sperm to the fallopian tubes and increases the likelihood of pregnancy.

Why are utrozhestan and duphaston prescribed after insemination?

These drugs are prescribed to provide normal development fertilized egg after the procedure. Active component both drugs are hormone progesterone or its equivalent. Under normal conditions, this hormone is secreted in a woman’s body in the second phase of the menstrual cycle ( it is produced by the so-called corpus luteum, which is formed at the site of a mature and ruptured follicle after ovulation). Its main function is to prepare female body to implantation and development of a fertilized egg.

If during the period after ovulation the concentration of this hormone in a woman’s blood is reduced ( which can be observed in some diseases of the ovaries, as well as in patients over 40 years of age), this can disrupt the process of attachment of a fertilized egg to the wall of the uterus, resulting in pregnancy not occurring. It is in such cases that patients are prescribed Utrozhestan or duphaston. They prepare the lining of the uterus for egg implantation and also support fetal development throughout pregnancy.

How to behave after insemination ( do's and don'ts)?

Immediately after the procedure, the woman should lie on her back for at least an hour, which is necessary for normal penetration of sperm into the uterus and fallopian tubes. In the future, she should follow a number of rules and recommendations that will help increase the effectiveness of the procedure and reduce the risk of complications.

Is it possible to take a bath after artificial insemination?

Immediately after performing intracervical insemination ( including at home) taking a bath is not recommended, as this may reduce the effectiveness of the procedure. The fact is that with this technique, part of the sperm is located in the vagina.
If during the first hours after the end of the procedure the woman takes a bath, water ( together with the soaps, gels or other substances it contains) can enter the vagina and destroy some sperm, which will reduce the likelihood of pregnancy. That is why it is recommended to bathe in the bathroom no earlier than 6 to 10 hours after insemination. At the same time, it is worth noting that a light shower under clean water (without use hygiene products ) will not affect the outcome of the procedure in any way.

When performing intrauterine or other types of insemination, the patient is allowed to take a bath immediately after returning home. The fact is that in these cases, seminal fluid is injected directly into the uterine cavity or into the fallopian tubes, which are normally reliably delimited from environment cervix. Even if the woman takes a bath immediately after finishing the procedure ( that is, after lying in the gynecological chair for the prescribed one and a half to two hours), water or any other substances will not be able to penetrate the uterine cavity and in any way affect the fertilization of the egg.

Is it possible to swim and sunbathe after insemination?

A woman is allowed to swim in a river, lake, sea or other body of water no earlier than 24 hours after the procedure. Firstly, this is due to the risk of water entering the vagina and destroying the sperm located there. Secondly, during the artificial insemination procedure, the vaginal mucosa may be slightly injured by objects inserted into it ( dilators, syringe). Her protective properties At the same time, they will decrease significantly, as a result of which infection can occur when swimming in polluted waters.

Regarding any sunburn special instructions No. If a woman has no other contraindications, she can sunbathe or visit solarium immediately after performing the procedure, which will not affect its effectiveness in any way.

Is it possible to have sex after artificial insemination?

Having sex after artificial insemination is not prohibited, since sexual contact will in no way affect the process of sperm advancement and egg fertilization. Moreover, if the cause of a couple's infertility has not been reliably identified before the procedure, regular sexual intercourse may increase the likelihood of pregnancy. That's why limit or somehow change sex life After completing this procedure it is not necessary.

How many hours after insemination does fertilization occur?

Fertilization of the egg does not occur immediately after the insemination procedure, but only 2 to 6 hours after it. This is due to the fact that sperm need time to reach the egg, penetrate its wall and connect its genetic apparatus with it. Under normal conditions ( with natural insemination) the sperm must travel from the cervix to the fallopian tubes, which on average is about 20 cm. This can take him from 4 to 6 hours. Since intracervical insemination is as similar as possible to natural insemination, with this type of procedure the time until fertilization is approximately the same.

In intrauterine insemination, male reproductive cells are introduced directly into the uterine cavity. They do not waste time passing through the mucous barrier in the cervix, as a result of which fertilization can occur earlier with this type of procedure ( after 3 – 4 hours). If intratubal insemination is performed ( when sperm are injected directly into the fallopian tubes), the egg located there can be fertilized within a couple of hours.

Signs of pregnancy after artificial insemination

The first signs of pregnancy can be detected no earlier than a few days after the procedure. The fact is that immediately after fertilization, the egg moves into the uterine cavity, attaches to its wall and begins to actively increase in size there, that is, to grow. This entire process takes several days, during which the fertilized egg remains too small to be detected by any means.

It is worth noting that after artificial insemination, pregnancy proceeds exactly the same as with conception naturally. Therefore, the signs of pregnancy will be the same.

Pregnancy may be indicated by:

change in appetite;
taste disturbances;
impaired sense of smell;
increased fatigue ;
increased irritability ;
tearfulness;
abdominal enlargement;
engorgement mammary glands ;
absence of menstruation.

The most reliable of all these signs is the absence of menstrual bleeding for 2 or more weeks after ovulation ( that is, after performing the procedure). All other symptoms are associated with hormonal changes of the female body during pregnancy, however, they can also be observed in a number of other conditions.

On what day after insemination should I take a pregnancy test and donate blood for hCG?

After fertilization, the egg enters the uterine cavity and attaches to its wall, whereupon the embryo begins to develop. From about 8 days after fertilization, embryonic tissues begin to produce a special substance - chorionic gonadotropin person ( hCG). This substance enters the mother’s blood and is also excreted in her urine. It is on determining the concentration of a given substance in biological fluids women and founded most of the early pregnancy tests.

Despite the fact that hCG begins to be produced approximately 6–8 days after fertilization of the egg, its diagnostically significant concentrations are observed only by the 12th day of pregnancy. It is from this period that hCG can be detected in urine ( For this purpose, standard express tests are used, which can be purchased at any pharmacy.) or in a woman's blood ( To do this, you need to donate blood to a laboratory for analysis.).

Why is an ultrasound performed after insemination?

A few weeks after the procedure, the woman should undergo an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.

The purpose of performing an ultrasound after insemination is:

Confirmation of pregnancy. If the fertilized egg attaches to the wall of the uterus and begins to develop, after a few weeks the embryo will reach a significant size, as a result of which it can be detected during an ultrasound examination.
Identification of possible complications. One of the most serious complications of insemination may be ectopic pregnancy. The essence of this pathology is that the egg fertilized by the sperm is attached not to the wall of the uterus, but to the mucous membrane fallopian tube or even begins to develop into abdominal cavity. Lab tests (determination of hCG in the blood or urine of a woman ) will indicate that pregnancy is developing. At the same time, the prognosis in this case is unfavorable. When outside intrauterine pregnancy the embryo dies in 100% of cases. Moreover, if this state will not be detected in a timely manner, this may lead to the development of complications ( for example, to rupture of the fallopian tube, to bleeding and so on), which would endanger the woman's life. That is why, during an ultrasound examination, the doctor not only detects the presence of an embryo in the uterine cavity, but also carefully examines other parts of the reproductive system in order to early diagnosis ectopic pregnancy.

Can twins be born after insemination?

After artificial insemination, as after natural fertilization, one, two, three ( or even more) child. Development mechanism this phenomenon is that during the procedure several mature eggs can be fertilized at once. The likelihood of this increases significantly when insemination is performed after ovarian stimulation, during which ( in the ovaries) several follicles can develop at once, from which several mature eggs, ready for fertilization, can be released simultaneously.

Much less often, multiple pregnancies develop when one egg is fertilized by one sperm. In this case, at the initial stages of development, the future embryo is divided into 2 parts, after which each of them develops as a separate fetus. It is worth noting that the probability of such a development of events is the same with both artificial and natural insemination.

Complications and consequences after artificial insemination

The procedure for performing insemination is relatively simple and safe, as a result of which the list of complications associated with it is quite small.

Artificial insemination may be accompanied by:

Genital tract infection. This complication can develop if during the procedure the doctor used unsterile instruments or did not comply with hygiene standards. At the same time, the reason for the development infections there may be a woman’s failure to comply with personal rules hygiene immediately before or after performing the procedure. It is important to remember that any infection is much easier to cure with initial stage development. That's why if you experience pain, burning or redness in the genital area, you should immediately consult your doctor.

Allergic reactions. May occur during intrauterine or intratubal insemination, when poorly prepared ( poorly cleaned) seminal fluid. Allergies can manifest as restlessness, the appearance of spots on skin, muscle tremors, pronounced fall blood pressure or even loss of consciousness. Extremely severe allergic reactions require immediate medical care, as they pose a danger to the patient’s life.
By falling blood pressure. The cause of the development of this complication may be careless, rough manipulation of the cervix during intrauterine insemination. The mechanism of development of this phenomenon is the irritation of special nerve fibers so-called vegetative nervous system, which is accompanied by reflex expansion blood vessels, slowing heart rate and lowering blood pressure. If this complication develops, the woman is strictly forbidden to get up, as this will cause an outflow of blood from the brain, and she will lose consciousness. The patient is prescribed strict bed rest for several hours, drinking plenty of fluids, and if necessary - intravenous administration fluids and medications to normalize blood pressure.
Multiple pregnancy. As mentioned earlier, the risk of developing multiple pregnancy increases during insemination after hormonal stimulation ovaries.
Ectopic pregnancy. The essence of this phenomenon is described above.

Nagging pain in the abdomen

During the first hours after intrauterine insemination, a woman may complain of nagging pain in the lower abdomen. The cause of this phenomenon may be irritation of the uterus caused by the introduction of poorly purified sperm into it. In this case, a strong contraction of the uterine muscles occurs, which is accompanied by a disruption of the microcirculation of blood in them and the appearance of a characteristic pain syndrome. A few hours after the end of the procedure, the pain goes away on its own, without requiring any treatment. At the same time, it is worth noting that strong contraction of the uterine muscles can disrupt the process of moving sperm to the egg, thereby reducing the likelihood of pregnancy.

Chest pain ( nipples hurt)

Chest pain may appear several weeks after insemination and are most often a sign developing pregnancy. The cause of the pain syndrome is a change in the mammary glands under the influence of progesterone and other hormones, the concentration of which in a woman’s blood increases during pregnancy. Besides painful sensations Minor discharge may appear in the nipple area white, which is also absolutely normal occurrence during pregnancy.

Temperature

During the first 2–3 days after insemination, a woman’s body temperature can rise to 37–37.5 degrees, which is absolutely normal. Promotion temperature by 0.5 - 1 degree is observed during ovulation and is associated with hormonal changes occurring in the female body.

At the same time, it is worth noting that an increase in temperature to 38 degrees or higher, which occurs during the first or second day after insemination, may indicate the development of complications. One of common reasons An increase in temperature may result in the development of an infection acquired during the procedure ( for example, if the doctor or patient fails to comply with hygiene standards). The development of infection is accompanied by activation immune system and the release of many biologically active substances into the blood, which determine the increase in temperature 12 to 24 hours after infection. The temperature can reach extremely high values (up to 39 – 40 degrees or more).

Another reason for the increase in temperature may be an allergic reaction associated with the introduction of poorly purified seminal fluid into the uterus. Unlike infectious complications, when allergic reaction body temperature rises almost immediately ( within the first minutes or hours after the procedure) and rarely exceeds 39 degrees.

Regardless of the cause, an increase in temperature over 38 degrees is a reason to consult a doctor. It is not recommended to take it on your own antipyretics, as this may distort clinical picture disease and make diagnosis difficult.

Will I get my period after insemination?

The presence or absence of menstruation after insemination depends on whether sperm can reach the egg and fertilize it. The fact is that under normal conditions, certain changes occur in a woman’s uterus during the menstrual cycle. During the first phase of the menstrual cycle, its mucous membrane is relatively thin. After the egg matures and leaves the follicle, the concentration of the hormone progesterone increases in the woman’s blood. Under its influence, certain changes are observed in the mucous membrane of the uterus - it thickens, the number of blood vessels and glands in it increases. In this way, it prepares for the implantation of a fertilized egg. If implantation does not occur within a certain time, the concentration of progesterone decreases, resulting in superficial part the mucous membrane of the uterus dies and is released through the woman’s genital tract. The resulting bleeding is associated with damage to small blood vessels and is usually moderate in nature.

Considering the above, it follows that if menstruation appeared after insemination, conception did not occur. At the same time, the absence of menstruation may indicate a developing pregnancy.

Brown bloody discharge ( bleeding)

Under normal conditions none vaginal discharge should not be observed after insemination. If in the first hours after the procedure a woman experiences slight white discharge, this indicates that the seminal fluid injected into her ( a certain part of it) leaked out. In this case, the likelihood of pregnancy is significantly reduced, since most of the sperm will not reach the fallopian tubes.

The appearance of brown bloody) discharge, accompanied by moderate pain in the lower abdomen, can be observed 12 to 14 days after insemination. In this case we will talk about menstrual bleeding, which normally begins 2 weeks after ovulation ( if the egg was not fertilized). At the same time, we can say with confidence that the attempt at conception failed.

This bleeding does not require any treatment and usually stops on its own after 3 to 5 days, after which the next menstrual cycle begins.

Why is the pregnancy test negative after insemination?

If 2–3 weeks after insemination is performed, a pregnancy test and blood analysis on human chorionic gonadotropin show a negative result, this indicates that fertilization of the egg did not occur, that is, pregnancy did not occur. It is important to remember that successful fertilization on the first attempt is observed only in half of the cases, while other women require 2 or more attempts to achieve positive result. That's why after one time negative result you should not despair, but you should try again during the next ovulation. This increases the chances of successful fertilization.

Where ( in which clinic) is it possible to do artificial insemination in the Russian Federation?

IN Russian Federation prices for artificial insemination vary widely ( from 3 – 5 to 60 or more thousand rubles). The cost of the procedure will be determined by its type ( intracervical insemination will be the cheapest, while other techniques will be somewhat more expensive), source of sperm ( insemination with donor sperm will be much more expensive than with the sperm of a husband or regular sexual partner) and other factors.

In Moscow

Clinic name

Intrauterine insemination is one of the auxiliary methods reproductive technologies, which is used for infertility. Insemination is considered the safest and cheapest method, but not as effective as in vitro fertilization.

Insemination is performed if infertility is associated with poor sperm quality or cervical factor. With severe male factor and tubal infertility the procedure will not be effective, since such pathologies interfere with natural fertilization. Let's look at the likelihood of pregnancy after insemination and the signs of its occurrence.

Intrauterine insemination is a method of fertilizing an egg by introducing the ejaculate of the husband or donor into the uterus through the cervix. Unlike IVF, the egg is not removed by puncture, so the procedure does not guarantee normal fertilization.

Insemination can be carried out in a woman’s natural cycle during ovulation or in a stimulated cycle. It all depends on the patient’s condition and the presence of certain indications.

Many women are interested in what signs of pregnancy may occur after insemination. In fact, conception and implantation of the fetus should be asymptomatic for a woman. If the patient has been taking hormonal medications, she may experience pain in the lower abdomen and dizziness.

Those who become pregnant after insemination often complain of spotting a week after the procedure. Such a symptom may indicate successful implantation of the fetus, as well as a threat of miscarriage. When bloody discharge You should immediately consult your doctor.

Due to changes in hormonal background After fertilization, women’s well-being may change, but usually everything happens individually. Let's look at how you feel on the days after insemination:

in the first days after the procedure, abdominal pain, bloating, and weakness associated with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome may occur if the woman took hormones for stimulation;
on the 5th day after insemination, hunger and pain in the mammary glands may occur;
on days 6-7, women complain of an increase in temperature to 37 degrees and pink discharge from the vagina - this is due to fetal implantation.

Patients are often concerned about the question of when to take a pregnancy test after insemination? According to the recommendation of reproductive specialists, the test can be done on the 14th day after insemination. If a woman is unbearable, she can take a blood test for hCG in her clinic on the 10th day.

On days 19-21 after insemination, doctors prescribe the first ultrasound to confirm intrauterine pregnancy and determine the number of fetuses. During this period, a woman experiences a delay in menstruation.

If after insemination there is a delay in menstruation, but the test is negative, it is necessary to take an hCG test. It is possible that the hormone level is too low for the test. A low hCG may indicate a threat of miscarriage, in which case maintenance therapy will be needed.