The main symptom of cancer. How Cancer Manifests

A cancerous tumor is both its own and alien to the body, this is its cunning. Its own, as it consists of cells that are ordinary at first glance, which initially do not cause harm, but only constantly multiply. Alien, since having reached a certain size, it begins to show aggression towards surrounding tissues and organs: to grow through them, scatter daughter foci of cancer - metastases around the body, release biologically active substances that can rearrange metabolic processes in favor of the tumor and to the detriment of the body .

The tumor grows so rapidly that blood vessels fail to grow with it. Then the nutrition of cancer cells in the center of the focus is disturbed, and they begin to die and break down, releasing toxins that poison the body - cause intoxication.

Most of early symptoms cancer is associated precisely with these changes, which appear only when the tumor has reached a decent size. Therefore, the question arises whether it is really possible to detect cancer on early stage or is it a utopia? On the pages of popular magazines, you can often find articles about 4 alarming "bells" - signs of a possible oncology. Should they be taken seriously?

Cancer "quartet": a nightmare for a hypochondriac

The most common early signs of cancer are:

• weight loss for no apparent reason;
• fatigue, weakness, loss of strength;
• pale skin, hair loss, brittle nails;
• small fluctuations in body temperature.

All these signs are indeed characteristic of malignant tumors, but also of many other diseases and conditions, which, in some cases, do not harm not only life, but also health.

For example, the first symptom is fast weight loss, as well as the second - weakness, fatigue and decreased performance - many of us experience during the period of time pressure at work, when liters of coffee and other stimulating techniques are used in an effort to survive until the holidays. The same thing often occurs in spring or autumn, when for wellness drastically lacking sunlight and heat, especially in the northern cities of our country. Hypovitaminosis, stress add their contribution to the piggy bank bad mood and take kilos.

Distinguishing cancer cachexia - this is what weight loss in malignant neoplasms is called - from other types of weight loss is quite difficult, but it has the following signs:

• loss of body weight by 5% of the original in 6 months (for a person weighing 80 kg, this is about 4 kg in six months);
• 2% weight loss if baseline BMI was less than or equal to 20.

A characteristic sign of cancer cachexia is the destruction muscle tissue, which can occur even while maintaining the fat layer. This inevitably leads to muscle weakness, changing the contours of the body in those places where adipose tissue is usually not very pronounced. For example, shoulders and arms are significantly thinner. In addition, cancer cachexia is usually accompanied by a decrease in appetite up to anorexia.

The third group of signs from the disturbing "quartet" - pale skin, hair loss and brittle nails, combined with weakness and lethargy are classic symptoms of anemia - a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. This condition is indeed typical for an advanced stage of cancer, when, as a result of intoxication, metastases in Bone marrow or constant bleeding from the tumor, the composition of the blood changes. However, during this period, as a rule, there are already more clear signs oncology. Anemia itself is common, for example, in healthy young women with heavy menstruation, may be a congenital feature or the result of other chronic diseases.

The last sign - the change in body temperature is the most unstable. Among oncological diseases temperature reaction is most often accompanied by blood diseases: leukemia and lymphoma. However, also healthy person temperature fluctuates throughout the day, depending on physical activity, states nervous system and the amount of hormones in the blood. An increase in body temperature up to 37.5 ° C occurs, for example, during a strong excitement. Small fluctuations in temperature are typical for early dates pregnancy, increased function thyroid gland and etc.

Thus, the "quartet" of symptoms described above is not specific to cancer and does not necessarily mean that you have cancer. But if these symptoms bother you for a long time, and your health does not improve within a few weeks, this is a reason to consult a doctor for additional diagnostics.

In fact, malignant tumors that can be detected at an early stage, especially without help special methods research, not much. As a rule, these are types of cancer that are located on the surface of the body and are accessible to the eye of the person himself or the doctor. These tumors can be seen even before they cause symptoms.

Types of cancer visible to the eye

Types of malignant tumors that are visible to the eye are called visual in medicine. It is believed that these are the very tumors that need to be detected at the earliest stage. And this is quite possible. Visually or by touch, you can determine atypical changes in the skin and mucous membranes when the tumor is just beginning to develop. It is at this stage that her treatment is most effective.

Skin cancer, including melanoma- ranks first in our country in the structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in the population, regardless of gender. At the same time, melanoma is considered one of the most “evil” tumors, because it metastasizes to other organs of the body very early. Among other skin cancers, there are relatively benign ones that are well treated and rarely recur (appear again).

Early signs of skin cancer may include:

• the appearance on the surface of the body of an unusual spot, which gradually increases in size, protrudes above the level of the skin or seems dense to the touch;
• the appearance of a long-term non-healing sore;
• nodules or bumps on the skin that have an atypical color (lighter, darker than the skin, shiny surface, etc.).

These formations, as a rule, do not bother. Sometimes itching and tingling may occur. Read more about the early signs of melanoma. If any skin changes appear that are suspicious of cancer, consult a dermatologist. In addition, it is advisable to visit an ophthalmologist once a year, since melanoma in rare cases can be located on the retina. This type of tumor can only be seen by a doctor.

To exclude even earlier stages of breast cancer, there is a screening examination - mammography. This X-ray examination mammary glands on a special apparatus, which is recommended for all women over 40-45 years old once every 2 years. For these categories of citizens, mammography is carried out free of charge, within the framework of compulsory medical insurance, in the direction of a gynecologist, therapist, surgeon or mammologist. However, in practice, getting a free mammogram is difficult, so you have to use the services of private clinics.

Cancer of the tongue, lips, throat, oral cavity - rare types of tumors that are most common in older people with a long history of smoking, especially those who often drink alcohol. The early stages of these neoplasms can be suspected by characteristic features:

• the appearance on the mucous membrane of the mouth, cheeks, lips, tongue of white or red spots, which may have a smooth or bumpy surface;
• long-term non-healing sores in the mouth;
• causeless hoarseness or other change in the timbre of the voice, hoarseness.

During gynecological examination a doctor can also look for cancers of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries. The initial stages of these cancers are asymptomatic. Over time, signs such as an enlarged abdomen, swelling of the legs, pain in the pelvic area or with bowel movements, bloody issues from the genital tract, delayed menstruation, etc.

Genital cancer in men, in particular, prostate cancer ranks 6th in the total oncological incidence in Russia. Prostate cancer develops very slowly, causes symptoms late and therefore reveals itself already at late stages, although during a rectal examination by a doctor, it is possible to identify and initial changes in the prostate. For this, it is advisable for men over 40-45 years old to visit a urologist at least once every 2 years.

In addition to the examination, earlier men were recommended to donate blood annually for prostate-specific antigen (PSA analysis) - a marker of prostate cancer. However, now the need for such a study in the framework of screening programs is being questioned, since the analysis has a low specificity and can give a positive result in many other diseases and conditions.

Rectal cancer- in 7th place in terms of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in our country. Men are more often affected. In the early stages, rectal cancer is asymptomatic, but it can be detected by a doctor during a rectal examination. Therefore, due to the age-related pattern of rectal cancer development, it is recommended that men over 50 years of age undergo a digital rectal examination once a year. It is usually combined with an examination by a urologist. Women are rectally examined by a gynecologist. In addition, both men and women can visit a proctologist for research.

There is another way to screen for rectal cancer, as well as cancer colon(occurs 1.6% more often than rectal, but is not detected during finger research) - analysis of feces for occult blood. This is a simple study, for which you need to pre-collect not a large number of stool in a special container and take it to the laboratory. Once a year, stool analysis for healthy people is performed free of charge, according to compulsory health insurance. However, the technology used to conduct the study, and hence its results, may differ.

So, the cheapest and most common is the study using guaiac and benzidine samples. Before the study, it is necessary to exclude from the diet meat products, iron preparations, apples, peppers, green onion, beans, spinach and other foods containing iron compounds. Otherwise, the analysis may give a false positive result.

Twice as expensive is the analysis of feces for occult blood using the immunochemical method. This test only reacts to hemoglobin of human origin, so it is less likely to be wrong, but is usually only available as part of paid services.

If a stool test for occult blood is positive, there is a need for additional diagnostics, since the cause can be not only cancer, but also many other diseases. Therefore, you should have a free - more complex examination of the intestine using an endoscope, which is inserted through anus and carried up the intestinal tube. With the help of an endoscope, the doctor can assess the condition of the intestinal mucosa by eye, find a suspicious focus of cells and take a sample from it - a biopsy. Colonoscopy allows you to accurately determine the source of bleeding.

Cancer to look for: the first signs

Unfortunately, many types of cancer turn out to be securely hidden in the body for the time being, and they can be detected by eye or by specific symptoms fails. But there are instrumental laboratory methods diagnostics that help identify the tumor.

Cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs ranks third in frequency among other malignant neoplasms in our country and in most cases associated with active or passive smoking. In addition, at risk are those people who often come into contact with carcinogens, for example, with phenol fumes or asbestos dust.

It is believed that fluorography or X-ray examination of the lungs, which are carried out annually as part of early detection tuberculosis should not be considered as screening for lung cancer. This is because the resolution x-ray, and even more so fluorography, is insufficient to detect the initial stages of cancer.

However, if you undergo a routine fluorographic examination or x-ray of the lungs once every 1-2 years, you can be sure that the study will detect lung cancer, albeit not at an early stage, but even before symptoms appear and the tumor becomes inoperable. It is especially important to undergo these studies for people at risk.

Signs of respiratory cancer may include:

• dry cough;
• chest pain;
• the appearance of blood in the sputum;
• dyspnea.

Unfortunately, these symptoms occur already when the tumor has reached a decent size. Read more about diagnosing and preventing lung cancer.

Stomach cancer- the fourth most common tumor in Russia. This tumor is also difficult to detect, since it most often develops against the background of an already existing long years diseases of the stomach, for example, chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer, the symptoms of which a person gets used to and may not always notice a change in their nature. Meanwhile, signs of stomach cancer can be:

• loss of appetite;
• recurring nausea, vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen of a aching, dull character without a clear connection with food intake;
• increased heartburn, belching;
• feeling of heaviness in the abdomen;
• weight loss;
• black stools or "coffee grounds" vomiting when bleeding from a tumor.

Sometimes stomach cancer for a long time"grows" asymptomatically, without causing pain and indigestion. For sure, it is possible to confirm or exclude the presence of a tumor in the stomach only with the help of gastroscopy (FGS) with a biopsy. However, this study is not pleasant, expensive and is not recommended in our country for cancer screening, that is, for examining healthy people. But people who are at risk for stomach cancer need to undergo FGS once a year.

Blood cancer- a malignant tumor that, along with adults, affects children. Sometimes the disease is found after a random blood test done for some other disease or as part of a routine examination. That is why it is advisable to donate blood from a finger and biochemical analysis blood from a vein at least once a year. In addition to objective criteria (analysis data), symptoms of blood cancer can be:

• causeless prolonged increase in body temperature;
• sweating, especially at night;
• marked weakness;
• skin pallor, light education bruises even from slight mechanical impact;
• bleeding gums, nose;
• pain in bones and joints.

If these symptoms appear, it is advisable to contact a therapist or pediatrician (for children). If the diagnosis is confirmed, the doctor will refer you to a hematologist, a specialist who diagnoses and treats blood diseases, including cancer.

Brain cancer- a rare tumor that may have the most various symptoms depending on the location of the malignant tissue. The most common symptoms are:

• headaches that are poorly relieved by conventional analgesics may worsen during physical activity;
• impaired coordination of movement, dizziness, tinnitus;
• episodes of loss of consciousness;
• double vision or sharp deterioration vision, loss of visual fields;
• nausea and vomiting that do not bring relief and are not associated with dyspepsia;
• numbness or unusual sensations(goosebumps, feeling of passing electric current, tingling) in the arms or legs.

If these symptoms appear, you need to contact a neurologist. In most cases, these signs will have more benign causes. Do not give in to despondency in advance, as the likelihood of cancer is extremely small. For exclusion malignant tumor You will need to undergo a magnetic tomography of the brain (MRI).

Cancerophobia is the other side of the coin

In Russia, malignant diseases occupy the second place in the structure of mortality and account for about 15% of all deaths (most people die from cardiovascular diseases - more than 54%). At the same time, modern medical technologies make it possible to successfully cure the early stages of cancer. Therefore, the detection of tumors at the initial stage of their development is the most important task not only in our country, but throughout the world. However, the desire to recognize cancer by some special signs at an early stage, sometimes, does more harm than good.

So, overly impressionable people often find themselves in the trap of their own suspiciousness. They begin to delve into themselves, looking for subtle symptoms, lose sleep and peace. Any, even a slight deviation from the norm in the analyzes or well-being, is perceived by them as evidence of the presence of a tumor. And if the doctor convinces of the opposite, then he loses authority, and the person is left alone with his suspicions.

In addition, the introduction of ultra-precise diagnostics leads to the fact that doctors find tumors that, perhaps, would never harm human health. Some Methods early diagnosis give a lot of false positive results and find a problem where there is none. As a result, a healthy person who decides to “check up just in case” is subjected to unnecessary, traumatic examination, and sometimes even treatment.

To prevent this from happening, one should not succumb to cancerophobia and look for cancer symptoms. You need to know which signs really need attention, and which ones you can just close your eyes and sleep peacefully. After all, the body is a complex system with huge reserves. Most diseases, including cancer, our body destroys on its own, without outside help. And it is not known what our attempts to intervene will lead to where the mechanisms of work are debugged by evolution to perfection.

Cancer is a very serious disease that is characterized by the appearance in the human body of a tumor that grows rapidly and damages nearby human tissues. Later, a malignant formation affects the nearest The lymph nodes, and at the last stage metastases occur when cancer cells distributed to all organs of the body.

The terrible thing is that at stages 3 and 4, the treatment of cancer in some types of oncology is impossible. Because of what the doctor can reduce the suffering of the patient and prolong his life a little. At the same time, he is getting worse every day, due to the rapid spread of metastases.

At this time, the relatives and friends of the patient should roughly understand what kind of symptoms the patient is experiencing in order to help survive the last stage of life and reduce his suffering. Generally dying of cancer due to complete defeat metastases, experience the same pains and ailments. How do people die of cancer?

Why do people die of cancer?

Cancer disease occurs in several stages, and each stage is characterized by more severe symptoms and damage to the body by the tumor. In fact, not everyone dies from cancer, and it all depends on the stage at which the tumor was discovered. And here everything is clear - the earlier it was found and diagnosed, the greater the chances of recovery.

But there are many more factors, and even stage 1 or even stage 2 cancer does not always give a 100% chance of recovery. Since cancer has a lot of properties. For example, there is such a thing as the aggressiveness of malignant tissues - at the same time, the higher this indicator, the faster the tumor itself grows, and the faster the stages of cancer begin.

The mortality rate increases with each stage of cancer development. The largest percentage is at stage 4 - but why? At this stage, the cancerous tumor is already huge and affects the nearest tissues, lymph nodes and organs, and metastases spread to distant corners of the body: as a result, almost all tissues of the body are affected.

In this case, the tumor grows faster and becomes more aggressive. The only thing that doctors can do is slow down the growth rate and reduce the suffering of the patient himself. Chemotherapy and radiation are usually used, then the cancer cells become less aggressive.

Death in any type of cancer does not always come quickly, and it happens that the patient suffers for a long time, which is why it is necessary to reduce the suffering of the patient as much as possible. Medicine cannot yet fight terminal cancer in running form so the earlier the diagnosis is made, the better.

Causes of the disease

Unfortunately, scientists are still struggling with this question and cannot find an exact answer to it. The only thing that can be said is a combination of factors that increase the chance of getting cancer:

• Alcohol and smoking.
• Junk food.
• Obesity.
• Bad ecology.
• Working with chemicals.
• Wrong medical treatment.

In order to somehow try to avoid cancer, you must first of all monitor your health and regularly undergo a doctor's examination and take a general and biochemical blood test.

Symptoms before death

That is why the correct treatment tactics chosen at the last stage of the disease will help reduce pain and illness for the patient, as well as significantly prolong life. Of course, each oncology has its own signs and symptoms, but there are also common ones that begin directly at the fourth stage, when there is a lesion. malignant formations almost the entire body. How do cancer patients feel before they die?

1. Constant fatigue. Occurs due to the fact that the tumor itself takes away great amount energy and nutrients for growth, and the larger it is, the worse. Let's add metastases to other organs here, and you will understand how difficult it is for patients in the last stage. The condition usually worsens after surgical intervention, chemotherapy and radiation. At the very end, cancer patients will sleep a lot. The most important thing is not to disturb them and let them rest. Subsequently deep dream may develop into a coma.
2. Appetite decreases. The patient does not eat, because general intoxication occurs when the tumor produces a large amount of waste products into the blood.
3. Cough and difficulty breathing. Often, metastases from any organ cancer damage the lungs, causing swelling of the upper body and coughing. After some time, it becomes difficult for the patient to breathe - this means that the cancer has firmly settled in the lung.
4. Disorientation. At this point, there may be memory loss, a person ceases to recognize friends and relatives. This happens due to metabolic disorders with brain tissues. Plus, there is a strong intoxication. Hallucinations may occur.
5. Blueness of limbs. When the patient’s strength becomes low and the body tries to stay afloat with its last strength, then the blood basically begins to flow to the vital important bodies: heart, kidney, liver, brain, etc. At this point, the limbs become cold and take on a bluish, pale hue. This is one of the most important harbingers of death.
6. Spots on the body. Before death, spots appear on the legs and arms associated with poor circulation. This moment also accompanies the approach of death. After death, the spots become bluish.
7. Weakness in the muscles. Then the patient cannot move and walk normally, some can still move slightly but slowly to the toilet. But the bulk lie and walk under themselves.
8. Coma state. It can come suddenly, then the patient will need a nurse who will help, wash away and do everything that the patient cannot do in this condition.

The process of dyingand main stages

1. Predagonia. Violation of the central nervous system. The patient himself does not feel any emotions. The skin on the legs and arms turns blue, and the face becomes earthy. The pressure drops sharply.
2. Agony. Due to the fact that the tumor has already spread everywhere, it comes oxygen starvation, the heartbeat slows down. After some time, breathing stops, and the process of blood circulation slows down greatly.
3. clinical death. All functions are suspended, both the heart and breathing.
4. biological death. The main feature biological death is brain death.

Of course, some cancers can have characteristics, we told you about big picture death from cancer.

Symptoms of brain cancer before death

Cancer of the brain tissue is difficult to diagnose on early stages. He does not even have his own tumor markers, by which the disease itself can be determined. Before death, the patient feels severe pain in a certain place of the head, he may see hallucinations, memory loss occurs, he may not recognize relatives and friends.

Constant mood swings from calm to irritated. Speech is disturbed and the patient can carry any nonsense. The patient may lose sight or hearing. In the end, there is a violation of motor function.

Last stage lung cancer

It develops initially without any symptoms. V Lately oncology has become the most common among all. The problem is precisely the late detection and diagnosis of cancer, which is why the tumor is detected at stage 3 or even at stage 4, when it is no longer possible to cure the disease.

All symptoms before death of lung cancer 4 degrees relate directly to breathing and bronchi. Usually it is difficult for the patient to breathe, he constantly takes in air, he coughs violently with copious secretions. At the very end, an epileptic seizure may begin, which will lead to death. terminal stage lung cancer is very nasty and painful for the patient.

Liver cancer

When a tumor of the liver is affected, it grows very quickly and damages internal tissues organ. The result is jaundice. The patient feels severe pain, the temperature rises, the patient feels sick and vomits, impaired urination (urine may be bloody).

Before death, doctors try to reduce the suffering of the patient with medication. Death from liver cancer is very difficult and painful with large quantity internal bleeding.

bowel cancer

One of the most unpleasant and most severe oncological diseases, which is very difficult at 4 stages, especially if a little earlier they had an operation to remove part of the intestine. The patient feels severe pain in the abdomen, headache, nausea and vomiting. This is due to severe intoxication from the tumor and delayed feces.

The patient cannot go to the toilet normally. Since at the last stage there is also defeat Bladder and liver, as well as kidneys. The patient dies very quickly from poisoning with internal toxins.

Esophageal carcinoma

The cancer itself affects the esophagus, and on final stages the patient can no longer eat normally and eats only through a tube. The tumor affects not only the organ itself, but also nearby tissues. Metastasis damage extends to the intestines and lungs, so the pain will manifest itself throughout chest and in the abdomen. Before death, the tumor can cause bleeding, causing the patient to vomit blood.

throat cancer before death

A very painful disease, when the tumor affects all the nearest organs. He feels severe pain, he cannot breathe normally. Usually, if the tumor itself completely blocks the passage, then the patient breathes through a special tube. Metastases move to the lungs and nearby organs. Doctors prescribe a large amount of painkillers at the end.

Last days

Usually, if the patient wishes, relatives can take him home, while he is discharged and given potent drugs and painkillers to help relieve pain.

At this point, you need to understand that the patient has very little time left and you need to try to reduce his suffering. At the very end there may appear additional symptoms: vomiting with blood, intestinal obstruction, severe pain in the abdomen and chest, coughing up blood and shortness of breath.

At the very end, when almost every organ is affected by cancerous metastases, it is better to leave the patient alone and let him sleep. The most important thing is that at this moment, relatives, loved ones, close people should be next to the sick, who, by their presence, will reduce pain and suffering.

How to relieve the suffering of the dying?

Often, the patient's pain can be so severe that conventional medications do not help. Improvement can only bring narcotic substances given by doctors for cancer. True, this leads to even greater intoxication and to the imminent death of the patient.

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Executive Director
Non-profit partnership"Equal right to life"
YES. Borisov

Oncology: the problem has a solution

Modern Russian statistics scares: every year in the country Oncology is detected in more than 500 thousand people. Of these, about 300 thousand die. Every third of those who are diagnosed with the disease for the first time today will die within 12 months. This is largely due to the lack of information: people do not know anything about where, how and why it is necessary and possible to undergo an examination in order to detect the disease at an early stage, and even after hearing their diagnosis, many patients cannot receive the treatment they need in full. volume.

There are problems in medical institutions. Alas, modern technology for the treatment of cancer today is not available in all cities. The staff is poorly trained: surgeons, chemotherapists and radiologists need up-to-date qualification knowledge.

The non-profit partnership "Equal Right to Life" is trying to solve these problems. Since 2006, we have been trying to implement as efficiently as possible main goal our program: to ensure the equality of the rights of Russian patients and Russian oncologists to information about modern achievements in world oncology.

During the implementation of the program, educational activities for oncologists. Internships for specialists are carried out on the basis of leading medical centers country. There is also a program for the implementation of field certification cycles and master classes with the involvement of leading specialists from our country.

Along with this, the modernization of the material and technical base of regional oncological medical institutions: modern equipment is being purchased, and repairs are being carried out at the expense of extrabudgetary funds free of charge.

Cancer is highly treatable in its early stages. So that everyone can consult with an experienced specialist and find out information about modern methods the fight against oncological diseases (is oncology transmitted, what are its symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment), in 2006 a special hot line"Equal right to life".

The number of thematic events for the inhabitants of the country is growing every year, because cancer is a problem that everyone should know about.

Unfortunately, cancer does not have pronounced symptoms on initial stages development. Most often, the disease is detected already in the last stages, which makes it difficult to treat. Early detection of cancer is most often spontaneous.

Common signs of cancer

However, all forms of the disease have common features. They arise from the fact that cancer produces toxins that inhibit the activity of the body. Such signs include the following:

• The general state of the nervous system: depression, depression, unexplained weakness, fever.
• Externally, the tumor leads to increased sweating at night, a change in the integument of the skin, the timbre of the voice, and a persistent cough.
• Work changes digestive system: decreased appetite, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, permanent disorder chair.
• Pain in the abdomen and chest, seals in the mammary glands, difficulty urinating.

Characteristic symptoms of different forms of cancer

Each form of cancer has its own characteristic symptoms.

Breast Cancer Symptoms

Symptoms of breast cancer include:

• The shape of the nipple changes.
• There is swelling or induration on the nipple.
• The shape of the breast changes.
• Often there is bleeding.
• If you raise your arms above your head, dimples appear on the skin of your chest.
• The skin of the chest is flaky.
• The patient experiences constant discomfort in one of the breasts.
• Lymph nodes are enlarged.
• Region armpit or the shoulder is enlarged.

Symptoms of cervical cancer

With cervical cancer, the patient goes astray menstrual cycle. Symptoms of cervical cancer include the following:

• Bleeding from the vagina that is not normal and occurs between cycles.
• Menstrual periods that are stronger and longer.
• Bleeding after menopause.
• Pain in the pelvis.
• Pain during sexual contact.

Skin Cancer Symptoms

The patient is also able to independently detect skin cancer. One third of all tumors of this type appear at the sites of formation age spots and moles.

If new spots are found on your skin that have the following signs you should see an oncologist.

• Asymmetry: cancer growth can grow faster in one direction.
• blurred and uneven borders of spots.
• Color heterogeneity: from milky to black.
• The spot diameter is more than 5-6 mm.
• The spot rises above the level of the rest of the skin by 1 mm.
• In some cases, itching appears.

Symptoms of genital cancer

The first signs of genital cancer in men are a disorder of the functions of the reproductive system, expressed in the absence of ejaculation and erection, as well as diseases genitourinary system such as prostatitis. Most often, this set of signs is a symptom of prostate cancer.

Cancer of the testes and ovaries is expressed by the following symptoms:

• In women, it is a violation of the reproductive and menstrual functions.
• The occurrence of pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, pain can also spread to the lower extremities.
• Violations of the process of urination.
• Weakening general condition body and stool disorders.
• Sleep and appetite disorders.

Symptoms of respiratory cancer

Unfortunately, the symptoms of respiratory cancer are more difficult to detect because they are similar to other diseases. Therefore, most often patients with this form of oncology do not go to doctors. To the cancer risk zone respiratory system primarily included smokers. In order to accurately diagnose lung cancer, it is required to undergo a mandatory fluorographic examination once a year. Symptoms lung cancer, as a rule, the following: pain in the chest, accompanied by cough, shortness of breath and hemoptysis, palpable weight loss and frequent fever for no apparent reason.

Symptoms of blood cancer

An assumption about the development of blood cancer can be made by the general weakening of the state of the body. To diagnose this disease, you need to take a blood test. The characteristic symptoms of anemia include weight loss, shortness of breath and muscle weakness, susceptibility to infectious diseases, pain in the bones and joints, general causeless fatigue, appetite disorders, enlarged liver, lymph nodes, spleen, increased sweating, bleeding, skin pigmentation, fever, aversion to various smells and food, causeless headaches. It should be noted that a single sign does not yet indicate the presence of blood cancer; this possibility should be considered only if a complex of symptoms occurs.

Symptoms of bone cancer

Some types of cancer are very painful. For example, bone cancer. At first, pain occurs only at night or during movement. In some cases, the patient feels swelling, both on the bone tissue and on the tissues around it. There is a weakening of the bones, they become brittle and break even from a slight pressure.

Symptoms of colon and thyroid cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, stomach cancer

There are forms of cancer that are very hard to feel or see for yourself. Exact Symptoms appear only in the last stages. These forms of oncology include: colon and thyroid cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, stomach cancer.

Signs of stomach cancer are similar to an ulcer. For this reason, patients often do not pay due attention to such symptoms, considering them an exacerbation of gastric ulcers.

TO early signs stomach cancer include:

• Frequent unexplained nausea and vomiting.
• Sensation of fullness in the stomach after eating.
• Dull and aching pains in the abdomen.
• Vomiting blood and liquid stool black color.

There are later symptoms of the tumor:

• Constant vomiting with traces of blood.
• Sustained and noticeable weight loss.
• The occurrence of jaundice and an increase in the size of the abdomen (this indicates the spread of metastases of oncological formation to the bile ducts and liver).
• Chest pain, shortness of breath and cough (if metastases have spread to the lungs).

Thyroid cancer is especially difficult to diagnose. The tumor here is so small that the patient does not feel it. On palpation by a doctor, it is not detected, sometimes it is a painless knot on the neck. Such a neoplasm can form within ten years. When the tumor is activated, the patient feels discomfort, there is a change in voice and impaired swallowing.

With rectal cancer, there are no special signs, the main alarm signal is the presence of bloody discharge.

For cancer gastrointestinal tract the following signs are observed:

• Redness of the upper half of the body and face.
• Level reduction blood pressure with increased heart rate.
• Persistent diarrhea.
• Enlarged liver, with the spread of metastases to the liver.
• emergence pain in a stomach.
• Sudden weight loss due to indigestion.

Symptoms of brain cancer

TO general symptoms brain cancer can be attributed to the frequent headache, unreasonable vomiting, dizziness, which at first glance does not cause serious concern, so many patients do not go to the doctor. Later, when the tumor begins to develop, other symptoms appear. They manifest themselves in a complex or autonomously, it all depends on the localization of the tumor:

• If the parietal zone is damaged, then the patient has a violation of sensitivity: a person feels the effect of temperature, touch to the skin, and pain less.
• When the cerebellum is damaged, movement disorders, paralysis, epileptic seizures, lack of coordination.
• If the tumor is localized in the temporal zones, then auditory impairment and difficulties associated with speech recognition occur.
• For visual, oral and writing, the ability to distinguish between objects and text damage is in the frontal zone.
• If hormonal disorders are observed, then this indicates a tumor in the pituitary gland.
• With brain cancer, various vegetative disorders often occur, which are manifested in increased fatigue, general weakness, the patient is not able to stand up abruptly, his pulse and blood pressure constantly go astray.
• Damage to the occipital areas leads to hallucinations, such as flashes of light, monotonous sounds, the sensation of non-existent odors.
• In order to diagnose brain cancer at an early stage, it is necessary to carefully monitor all changes in the body, not to neglect its first signs, and to undergo regular examinations in medical institutions.

Unfortunately, no one is safe from oncology ... But doctors are well aware that the earlier cancer is detected, the higher the success rate. Therefore, it is so important to monitor your body and know the first signs of cancer, the first symptoms in which you need to urgently seek medical help.
An unpleasant feature of oncological diseases is that in the first stages, cancer may not manifest itself in any way, or it may disguise itself as another, quite harmless, disease. The first signs of cancer can be so "blurred" and indistinct that even doctors, with their rich experience, may not be vigilant in time.

But the purpose of this article is not to replace medical diagnostics! The task is to create a certain “oncological alertness” in relation to yourself and your loved ones…

Oncological diseases do not have any specific, general symptoms. The tumor develops slowly, gradually, is detected, often already in the later stages ...

Tumor localization can be very different, and it is she who determines the symptoms, usually associated with a violation of the function of the organ where the tumor "settled". Pain is not at all an indispensable, especially the first, symptom of cancer, as a rule, they occur already in the late stages of tumor decay.

In the early stages, the tumor does not cause any discomfort. But still, there are the most common symptoms, which I will give below.

These symptoms can be divided into two large groups - local and general.

The locals includelocal swelling, increase in size, hardening under the skin or on the skin, ulcers that do not heal.

Bleeding from the female or male reproductive organs, from the intestines, from the nipple of the breast, from the larynx.
These are inflammation of one or another organ, symptoms of jaundice. Often, it is not the symptoms of the primary tumor that come to the fore, but signs of metastasis when the tumor spreads to other organs and disrupts them normal work. With symptoms, metastasis is possible swollen lymph nodes, cough (sometimes with blood, with lung metastases), jaundice with liver metastases, pain and bone fractures with metastases to bone tissue neurological disorders...

For general symptoms characteristic —body weight loss, weight loss, exhaustion, increased sweating, body temperature rise up to 37-38 degrees. One of the formidable signs can be anemia, both gradually increasing (with hidden constant bleeding of the stomach, intestines), and very quickly developed - with heavy bleeding.

Cancer symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of other diseases. But here is the professor of the Department of Oncology of the Moscow Institute for the Improvement of Doctors, A.Z. Aleksanyan, highlights

10 main symptoms of oncology, the most characteristic of this type of disease

1. Symptoms of lung cancer

   This type of cancer is the most common in the world. Lung cancer may not manifest itself for a long time, it is characterized by detection in the later stages. The first signs of lung cancer are coughing, chest pains, difficulty in deep breathing, coughing up blood.

2. Skin Cancer Symptoms

   One of the most malignant species skin cancer is considered melanoma. It can occur on mucous membranes, and on skin, in absolutely any part of the body - on the back, on the legs, on the arms, on the face, even under the nail .. A sign of melanoma can be changes in the shape and color of the mole, its size, the appearance of itching, weeping surface, density, asymmetry of the birthmark ...

3. Bowel cancer symptoms

   Colon cancer is also a common type of cancer. Any chronic disturbances in the functioning of the intestines (constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain), blood in the stool, an increase in the size of the abdomen should alert and cause a trip to the doctor.

4. Ulcers are a symptom of many types of cancer.

   For example, ulcers in the mouth that do not heal for a long time, inflammation, pain can be a sign of oral cancer. The same applies to any other types of ulcers on the body.

5. Difficulty swallowing

   sore throat, lumps in the larynx - all these can be signs and symptoms of throat cancer ...

6. One of the worst symptoms of cancer is weight loss.

   Moreover, in some localizations of the tumor, this symptom may not occur at all, as, for example, in breast cancer.

   But if you notice an unreasonable (that is, without effort on your part) weight loss of 5 or more kilograms within, for example, a month, you need to identify the cause of this! This symptom is typical for such types of cancer as cancer of the stomach, intestines, pancreas, lung cancer ...

7. Problems with urination

   A widespread type of cancer in both men and women. One of the first symptoms is difficulty urinating. Also, it is pain when urinating, inflammation, blood in the urine ...

8. The previously mentioned tumors under the skin, "bumps"

   It can also be harmless wen, which can exist on the body for more than one year, but if such a lump appears in a new place, you must definitely show it to the doctor. Especially you need to be wary if bumps and seals appear in the area of ​​​​lymph nodes - in the groin, under the jaw, in armpit etc. This localization is already indicates damage to the lymphatic apparatus.

9. The next symptom of oncology may be any implicit pain.

   a feeling of internal discomfort without a clear localization and a strong pain syndrome. Generally, pain syndrome cannot serve as a clear signal of oncology, since in some localizations, for example, in breast cancer, even at stages 3-4, when the tumor is disintegrating, patients do not always feel pain ...
   But, for a number of localizations, this, on the contrary, is very characteristic symptom. So, prolonged headaches that are not relieved by ordinary pills "from the head" may indicate brain cancer. Persistent headaches, with loss of consciousness, with nausea, vomiting, paroxysmal, occurring mainly in the morning, and especially, worsening in symptoms over time - a very characteristic symptom ...

   This may also include loss of vision short period time (for example, in a couple of months, vision suddenly fell by several units). These symptoms do not always indicate cancer! It can also be a symptom of cerebral hypertension, when pressure on the brain tissue increases due to excess fluid and other diseases not related to oncology ... But it is necessary to be examined.
   Prolonged pain in the lower back, in the back can be a sign of colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, etc.

10. Bleeding, another formidable sign of cancer

    Bleeding can be hidden or obvious, when traces of blood can be clearly seen. If bowel cancer is suspected, a fecal occult blood test is performed. Positive result such an analysis will always be an occasion for the doctor to conduct the most detailed and thorough examination of the patient in order to detect bowel cancer.
    Hidden bleeding gives the stool a black, dark color. Therefore, if you did not use the day before Activated carbon or a large amount of beets - you need to beware.
    Bleeding from the throat can be a sign of lung cancer, laryngeal cancer…
    Vaginal bleeding can be due to endometrial cancer, cancer of the uterus and other female genital organs.
    Bleeding has already been mentioned urinary canal- a sign of cancer of the bladder, kidneys, prostate gland and bleeding from the nipple of the breast in breast cancer.

10 Cancer Symptoms People Ignore...

From my friends and relatives, I noticed that people are basically divided into two types, according to their attitude towards cancer.

Some completely ignore this topic and believe that if something happens, nothing really can be fixed .. Then why worry and worry in vain? And such people practically do not go to doctors.

The second part, on the contrary, after “every sneeze” can run to the hospital, take all kinds of tests, know all the numbers of their tests almost by heart ...

I don’t even know what is better ... After all, worrying all the time and looking for something in yourself is also not great, you can earn cancer on psychosomatics alone ... On the other hand, everyone already admits that it is the early detection of cancer that contributes to its complete cure . But how can you identify it if you don’t go to the doctors?

Write what do you think about this? Are you afraid of this disease and what are you doing to prevent it?

By the way, take a look at this article -. M.V. Oganyan analyzes the causes of cancer and other diseases in great detail in his works and lectures. It gives a specific methodology for the prevention and treatment of diseases.

You may also be interested video Ogulova A.T. O viral cause many types of cancer.

Created based on the materials of A. Mamatov, in preparation for the Free Online Training on ONCOLOGY (prevention and treatment of cancer)