Topographic map of Armenia in Russian. Satellite map of Armenia

Satellite map Armenia

Armenia– one of the oldest states in the Transcaucasian region, located between the Caspian and Black Seas. The capital is the city of Yerevan. Official language Armenia – Armenian, but among modern Armenians it is widely used in various fields and Russian.

The relief of Armenia is mostly mountainous. This is the highest mountainous state in the Caucasus, since more than 90% of the country's territory is located at an altitude of over 1000 meters above sea level.

The typical climate of Armenia is tropical Mediterranean, but it can vary depending on the region and the altitude of the territory. For example, in the valleys of Armenia the summer is hot, about +30 C, and in winter time air temperature is approximately +2…+5 C. It is much colder in the mountains. The higher it is, the lower the air temperature. Usually in the mountains in summer it is +15...+24 C, and in winter from 0 C to -30 C. www.site

Since Armenia is a Christian country, on its territory there are still preserved a large number of various Christian monuments, which include ancient churches, monasteries, khachkars. Many of these monuments were built back in the 4th-5th centuries BC. Armenia is also rich in ancient cities, which are the cradles ancient states, whose age is more than 3000 years. The nature of Armenia is also interesting and unique. These include mountain ranges, deep gorges, lakes, waterfalls and large rivers.

Armenia is a country in Transcaucasia. A satellite map of Armenia shows that the country borders Azerbaijan, Iran, Georgia, Turkey and the unrecognized Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. No access to the sea. The area of ​​the country is 29,743 square meters. km.

Armenia is divided into ten regions and the city of Yerevan. Largest cities countries: Yerevan (capital), Gyumri, Vanadzor, Vagharshapat and Hrazdan.

Today, Armenia is an agrarian-industrial country with a rapidly developing economy. The country's economy is based on services, industry and agriculture. The country has a rich reserve of minerals, including ores and precious metals. Main industries: mining, manufacturing and energy. The national currency is the Armenian dram.

Tatev Monastery

Brief history of Armenia

IV-II centuries BC e. – independent territory, several Armenian principalities, Greater Armenia

II century BC e. – Greater Armenia conquered by the Seleucids, then by the Romans, independence from the Roman Empire

301 – adoption of Christianity

VII-IX centuries – Armenia under the rule of the Arab Caliphate

885 – independent Armenian kingdom

11th century - conquered by the Byzantines and then the Seljuk Turks

1198-1375 – Armenian Kingdom

XVI-XVIII centuries – devastating wars, constant redistribution of territory, resettlement of the Armenian population to Iran

Lake Sevan

XIX century – part of the territory of Armenia is part of Russian Empire

1915 – Ottoman Empire organizes persecution of Christians, Armenian genocide

1918 – formation of the Republic of Armenia

1920 – Armenian-Turkish war

1922-1991 – Armenia is part of the USSR as the Armenian SSR

1991 – independence from the USSR, creation of the Republic of Armenia

Yerevan and Mount Ararat

Sights of Armenia

On a detailed satellite map of Armenia you can see some natural attractions: Lake Sevan, Khosrov Nature Reserve, Mount Aragats (4095 m) and the Araks River. Among the natural monuments of Armenia are the Ararat Valley, the Khustup and Paravakar mountains, the Kari and Parz Lich lakes, the Jermuk and Shaki waterfalls, the Garni gorge and the Azat River.

Armenia is often called an open-air museum due to huge amount architectural monuments, including Christian and pre-Christian eras. Among the main attractions of the country: the ruins of the Urartian cities of Teishebaini and Erebuni, the Garni Temple and the ruins of Armavir.

Garni Temple

Among the monuments of Christian architecture are the monasteries of Khor Virap, Geghard, Haghpat, Tatev, Noravank and Sanahin, the cathedral in Vagharshapat, the ancient temple of Zvartnots and the monastery complex of Etchmiadzin.

Very popular among tourists resort towns Jermuk, Tsakhkadzor, Dilijan, Arzni. Every year thousands of tourists come to the mineral springs in Sisian Meghri and Kajaran.

(Republic of Armenia)

General information

Geographical position. Armenia is a state in the Transcaucasian region of Western Asia. It borders on Georgia in the north, Azerbaijan in the east, and Turkey in the west and south.

Square. The territory of Armenia occupies 29,800 square meters. km.

Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Armenia is Yerevan. Largest cities: Yerevan (1,305 thousand people), Kumayri (123 thousand people). The country is divided into 11 regions (mazrs).

Political system

Armenia is a republic. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislative body is the Supreme Council.

Relief. Armenia is located on the Armenian Plateau, the average altitude of which is about 1,800 m above sea level ( highest point- Mount Ararat - 4,090 m). Numerous mountain ranges of the Lesser Caucasus Range pass through the country.

Geological structure and minerals. The country's subsoil contains rich reserves building stone, as well as small reserves of gold, molybdenum, copper, and zinc.

Climate. The climate is continental. In the foothills the average temperatures in July are 24-26°C, January -5°C, precipitation is 200-400 mm per year; in mountainous areas - July 18-20°C, January from -2 to -14°C, precipitation up to 500 mm.

Inland waters. The main river is Arak, the deepest lake is the high-mountain Lake Sevan, up to 86 m deep and with an area of ​​more than 1,200 square meters. km.

Soils and vegetation. In the mountains there are deciduous forests and alpine meadows.

Animal world. In the Khosrov Nature Reserve you can see wild boars, jackals, lynxes and Syrian bears, and the Dilijan Nature Reserve is home to roe deer, brown bear, and marten.

Population and language

The population of the republic is about 3.421 million people; 93% of the population are Armenians. National minorities: Azerbaijanis, Russians, Kurds, Ukrainians, Georgians and Greeks. Languages: Armenian (state), Russian.

Religion

Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) Church, Russian Orthodox Church.

Brief historical sketch

In the 9th century. BC e. On the territory of modern Armenia, the slave state of Urartu was formed. It had its own writing system, which was based on Assyrian cuneiform. The onslaught of the Scythians led in the 6th century. BC e. to the fall of Urartu.

In the 3rd century. BC e. The state of Greater Armenia is emerging, it reaches its greatest power under Tigran I (95-56 BC), who finally united all Armenian lands and annexed the territories of Syria and Mesopotamia to his state.

In the second half of the 3rd century. n. e. Armenia came under the influence of Iran.

In 301 Armenia becomes a Christian state. In 387, Armenia was divided between Byzantium and Iran.

In the middle of the 11th century. The Seljuk Turks invaded the territory of Armenia. By 1065 they conquered the entire country, brutally exterminating the population.

Numerous princely families did not give up attempts to unite, and in the 12th century. Under the rule of the Rubenids, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was formed. It reached its peak under Levon II (1187-1219).

In 1375 the country was captured by the Mamluks. At the end of the 14th century. Armenia was severely devastated by the troops of Tokhtamysh and then Timur. At this time, the importance of the Ararat region and the city of Yerevan as the center of the country rose, which was also facilitated by the transfer of the throne of the Catholicos of all Armenians to Etchmiadzin (near Yerevan) in 1441.

In 1801-1828. all scattered parts of Armenia became part of the Russian Empire. However, according to the Treaty of Andrianople (1829) most of These territories were ceded to Turkey.

During the First World War, the Turkish government, which pursued a policy of genocide towards the Armenians, by special order ordered local authorities to carry out mass extermination Armenian population. More than one and a half million Armenians were destroyed, about 600 thousand were driven away to the steppes of Mesopotamia, 300 thousand found refuge in Russia.

On November 29, 1920, Armenia was proclaimed the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1922 it became part of the Trans-SFSR, and in 1936 - part of the USSR. Independence was declared on September 23, 1991.

Brief economic essay

Leading industries: mechanical engineering and metalworking, chemical and petrochemical, non-ferrous metallurgy, production of building materials, including those based on the development of deposits of multi-colored tuffs, perlites, limestones, granite and marble. Food (including canned fruit, essential oil, wine-cognac, tobacco, bottling mineral waters), light industry. Important have fruit growing and viticulture. They cultivate potatoes, vegetables, tobacco, geraniums, and sugar beets. Livestock farming is mainly for dairy and meat production. Gas pipeline network. Resorts: Arzni, Jermuk, Dilijan, Tsaghkadzor, etc.

Currency unit - dram.

Brief sketch of culture

Art and architecture. The main attractions of the country are in Yerevan and Kumayri, where you can see a large number of ancient Armenian temples. Yerevan is also home to a botanical garden and a zoo; ruins of a Roman fortress; Turkish fort of the 16th century and a mosque of the 18th century, churches of Katoghike (XIII century) and Zoravar (XVII-XVIII centuries). There are 15 different museums in Yerevan.

The science. V. Ambartsumyan (1908-1996) - one of the founders of theoretical astrophysics.

Literature. Kh. Abovyan (1809-1948) - writer and educator, founder of new Armenian literature and new literary language(novel “Wounds of Armenia”, etc.).

Music. N. Tigranyan (1856-1951) - composer, one of the founders of national Armenian piano music.

Armenia is one of the most ancient states of Transcaucasia, known as original monuments architecture and amazing nature. Many tourists come here because of the healing mineral springs, others are interested in looking at the cradle of Christianity: according to legend, it originated here.

Information about the state

1. Gigantic Mount Ararat with a circumference of about 40 km. Although Mount Ararat belongs to the territory of Turkey, Armenia offers the most beautiful views of its peaks;
2. Grand Cascade in Yerevan - a majestic structure with numerous staircases, fountains and sculptures;
3. Blue Mosque– the only Muslim religious building in the capital of the country;
4. House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian, where the great Armenian composer lived;
5. Historical Museum of Armenia, whose exhibitions will tell a lot of interesting things about the past of the state;
6. Erebuni Fortress in Yerevan, built more than two centuries before the beginning of our era;
7. Monasteries Haghpat (Lori region), Tatev (Syunik region), Khor Virap (near the city of Artashat), impressive with ancient architecture.

Armenia perfect fit both for eco-tourists, passionate about nature, and for connoisseurs of ancient cultural heritage and the bustle of big cities.