What does it mean and how to do punctuation analysis of a sentence. Punctuation analysis of a simple sentence

When writing various types of texts, many of us are faced with the acute problem of correct use of punctuation marks. There are often situations when the author of a text misses necessary commas, does not work correctly with direct speech, or makes other punctuation errors. To correct these shortcomings and improve general work It is recommended to use with speech punctuation analysis sentences, which is an important tool for syntactic text analysis.

Working with punctuation analysis of a sentence allows you to “hone” correct use punctogram ( specific cases application of punctuation rules), learn to determine the boundaries of semantic segments in a sentence, and use the rules of punctuation in practice.

When conducting punctuation analysis, they analyze the structure of the sentence, the presence of main and minor members, the number of parts of a sentence, its intonation features, the order of the sentence members, and so on.

The procedure for punctuation analysis of the text

Let's move on to the direct algorithm for punctuation parsing of sentences. It usually looks like this:

Explanations for punctuation marks

If the sentence we are analyzing contains a complete message talking about some action, event, or fact that is affirmed or denied, such a sentence is declarative. If a sentence contains a question, it is interrogative, and if a sentence contains an order or request, then such a sentence is motivating. When there is an understatement in a sentence, or speech is interrupted by pauses, you should use an ellipsis at the end.

When analyzing complex sentence decide on the number of its parts, and the characteristics of the connection between these parts (conjunctive or non-conjunctive, subordinating, coordinating). Having decided on the specifics of the connection, you will be able to understand the need to use one or another sign between the parts of the sentence in question.

Emphasizing marks(comma, dash, parentheses, quotation marks, colon) are used to highlight particularly significant parts of a sentence. Such significant elements can be introductory words, addresses, phrases, sentences, circumstances and additions, homogeneous members proposals clarifying and explanatory terms offers.

Dividing marks(comma, semicolon, dash, colon) in a simple sentence indicate boundaries between homogeneous members (usually a comma and a semicolon are used). In a complex sentence, they help to separate the simple sentences that are part of the specified complex sentence.

When analyzing direct speech, determine where the author’s words are located and where direct speech is located. If direct speech occurs before the words of the author or after the words of the author, then use rule of four punctuation marks, but if direct speech is interrupted by the words of the author, then apply the rule of seven punctuation marks.

Examples of using punctuation analysis of written speech

Let's look at examples of punctuation analysis of simple and complex sentences.

Example of a simple sentence

As an example simple sentence Let's take the sentence:

“The words “language” and “speech” for a person who is not involved in linguistics usually mean the same thing.”

Let’s denote the punctograms in this sentence with numbers:

The words “language” and “speech” for a person (1) not involved in linguistics, (2) usually mean the same thing. (3)

Let's look at the proposal:

Example of a complex sentence

As an example of a complex sentence, take the sentence:

“Of course, the modern Russian language is different from the one in which Pushkin, Gogol, Karamzin and Turgenev spoke and wrote.”

Let's designate each available paragraph in the sentence with numbers:

Of course, (1) the modern Russian language is different from the one (2) spoken and written by Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev. (5).

Let's look at the proposal:

First, we explain the punctogram at the end of the sentence. Since we are dealing with a declarative sentence where there is a complete thought, there should be a point (5) here.
Comma (2) separates clause complex sentence from the main one;
The comma (1) is used to separate the introductory word from the rest of the sentence;
Commas (3) and (4) separate homogeneous members of the sentence.

Conclusion

Punctuation analysis of the text consists of a consistent explanation of the punctuation diagrams used in the sentence under consideration. Its implementation requires knowledge of the necessary rules of the Russian language in terms of the use of punctuation marks in a particular sentence. I recommend using the tips given in this article to perform punctuation analysis of the text you need.

Modern schoolchildren, according to educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of sentences. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand moments.

Definition

Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify punctuation marks in a sentence. The ability to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence can improve general level student literacy. Analysis of simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentences has its own distinctive features.

Parsing a simple sentence

Read the text provided for analysis.
Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
Indicate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain the reason for its placement.
Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.

It is according to this plan that punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is presented below.

Analysis examples

Let’s take the punctuation analysis of a sentence as an example:

1. I can trust this secret to a person who knows how to keep his mouth shut.

2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, Balloons?

Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. That's why it ends with a question mark.

Step two. By assigning a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in a sentence:

Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?

Step three. The offer has one grammatical basis you did not see.

Comma number one highlights the participial phrase. Commas numbered two and three separate homogeneous members of the sentence flags, posters, balloons, expressed by additions.

Analysis of a complex sentence

Punctuation analysis of a sentence of this kind is somewhat more complicated.

1. Read the sentence.

2. Assign a serial number to all punctuation marks in the sentence.

3. Indicate the paragraph ending the sentence and explain its placement.

4. Indicate punctuation marks at the SP level and explain the reason for their use.

5. Explain the placement of punctuation marks in parts of the joint venture.

Analysis examples

As an example, we suggest conducting a punctuation analysis of the sentence:

1.We will probably not see Sergei again, since the insult inflicted on him is unlikely to be easily forgotten.

Step one. There is a period at the end of the sentence, because the purpose of the statement is narrative, and the intonation is non-exclamatory.

Step two. The numbering showed the presence of five punctuation marks in the sentence:

Probably (1), we will not see Sergei again (2), since the insult (3) inflicted on him (4) is unlikely to be easily forgotten (5).

Step three. This proposal is complex. Parts of a complex sentence are connected by a subordinating conjunction because the. A comma stands at the border between the main and subordinate clauses.

Step four. In the main sentence, a comma is used to highlight the introductory word. probably. In the subordinate clause, commas separate the participial phrase inflicted on him.

2. I am sure that you will carry out this assignment because you value my location and want to advance in your career.

Step one. The sentence ends with a period because it is declarative, non-exclamatory.

Step two. There are four punctuation marks in the sentence:

I am sure (1) that you will carry out this assignment (2), because you value my location (3), you want to advance in your career (4).

Step three. This sentence consists of one main clause and two subordinate clauses, which are separated from each other by commas numbered one and two.

Step four. In the main part and first subordinate clause There are no punctuation marks. In the second subordinate clause, a comma at number three separates homogeneous predicates you appreciate And you want to advance.

If the student knows what punctuation analysis of a sentence means, he will not allow gross mistakes in the placement of punctuation marks. Thus, he will significantly improve his academic performance and increase the chances of getting a decent grade during the course. final exams. This is important, because how well a student passes them determines his future admission to a university. And even such a small thing as the wrong punctuation mark can deprive him of much-needed points.

Punctuation analysis of a sentence is quite easy to do if you know the scheme and master the basic rules of grammar. Essentially, this language analysis is based on finding and explaining the use of certain punctuation marks using knowledge of syntax.

Parsing scheme

There are differences between the analysis of simple and complex sentences, but the algorithm of actions itself remains the same. To understand how to do punctuation analysis, you need to know in what order to carry it out.

Place numbers above all punctuation marks.
Explain the sign (punctuation) that comes at the end. It can be a period, exclamation point or question mark. Ellipses are used less frequently.
Analyze for the presence of commas or dashes. If the sentence is complex, talk about the use of punctograms, which together make up the construction.

How to do proper parsing

When you have all the numbers entered, we proceed directly to the analysis. To properly explain the use of a mark at the end of a sentence, you need to determine the purpose of the statement and its overall emotional tone. A period is added to show a complete thought. Such a sentence is called a narrative sentence. If the goal is to ask a question, there will definitely be a question mark at the end, and if this is an order or a call to action, after last word they put an exclamation point, and the sentence itself is called an incentive. If the thought is not completed or requires a long pause, an ellipsis is added at the end.

We determine the construction of the sentence. To explain the choice of signs in a complex statement, determine how many parts it consists of and how they are related to each other. The connection can be coordinating, subordinating, conjunction or non-conjunction.

In simple sentences we explain the functions that this or that sign performs. Commas or dashes can be used to highlight inserted words or phrases, addresses, isolated definitions and appendices, as well as clarifying terms designed to attract the reader's attention.

Commas also separate homogeneous members. The author's direct speech also requires commas and dashes.

At the end of the analysis, it is preferable to draw a diagram that graphically displays the places where certain punctuation marks are placed.

Let's give an example of parsing a complex sentence. Based on it, you can analyze the simple one.

Talk about the grammatical functions of signs.

Of course, (1) the modern Russian language is different from the one (2) spoken and written by Pushkin, (3) Gogol, (4) Karamzin and Turgenev. (6)

6 - a period at the end of a declarative sentence with a complete thought.
2 is a comma between parts of a complex sentence and separates the subordinate clause from the main clause.
1 - a comma separates the introductory word from the rest of the sentence.
3, 4 - signs separate homogeneous members, in this case the subjects, which are connected without union.

As we can see, it is quite easy to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence, but for this you need to be able to analyze the structure of the construction and explain the use of punctuation marks from a grammatical point of view. Therefore, it is worth studying not only the rules of writing, but also being able to divide words in a sentence into members.

Modern schoolchildren, in accordance with the educational program, study several types of analysis: phonetic, lexical, morphological, morphemic, syntactic and punctuation analysis of sentences. Each of them has its own distinctive features and difficult to understand points.

Definition

Many students and their parents wonder what punctuation analysis of a sentence means. It is designed to find and clarify punctuation marks in a sentence. The ability to perform punctuation analysis of a sentence can increase the student’s overall literacy level. Analysis of simple (PP) and complex (SP) sentences has its own distinctive features.

Parsing a simple sentence

Read the text provided for analysis.
Assign a number to all punctuation marks present in the text.
Indicate the punctogram that completes the sentence and explain the reason for its placement.
Identify and explain all the signs found in the sentence.

It is according to this plan that punctuation analysis of the sentence is carried out. A sample parsing is presented below.

Analysis examples

Let’s take the punctuation analysis of a sentence as an example:

1. I can trust this secret to a person who knows how to keep his mouth shut.

2.Haven't you seen people running down the street holding flags, posters, and balloons?

Step one. The sentence is interrogative in terms of the purpose of the statement and intonation. That's why it ends with a question mark.

Step two. By assigning a number to punctuation marks, we determine their number in a sentence:

Haven't you seen people running down the street (1), holding flags (2), posters (3), balloons (4)?

Step three. The sentence has one grammatical basis you did not see.