Cultured live measles vaccine. When and why do you get the LCV vaccine?

For many decades, measles went virtually undiagnosed in children and adults. However, in 2014 there was a recorded outbreak of the disease, which led to infection of more than 100 people. Therefore, the question of the need to vaccinate the population has become acute. The measles vaccine, which can be used in children and adult patients, can cope with this task. It is worth considering in more detail what the LCV vaccination is, the decoding of its name, and the features of vaccination.

What is the danger of measles?

Measles is a contagious infectious disease that is transmitted by airborne droplets. At the same time, sick people release the pathogen into the air even during the prodromal period. The first symptoms of measles are similar to a common cold. Patients report a cough, sore throat, runny nose, and fever.

As the infection progresses, patients develop a characteristic rash on the face that gradually spreads to the entire body. Measles requires immediate treatment, otherwise it may develop dangerous complications:

• Pathologies of the respiratory organs: multicellular pneumonia, laryngotracheitis, bronchitis, pleurisy, bronchiolitis;
• Diseases nervous system: encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, panencephalitis, meningitis;
• Diseases digestive organs: colitis, enterocolitis.

Important! In adulthood, the infectious disease is more difficult to tolerate and often provokes the development of complications.

Features of vaccination against measles

The abbreviation LCV stands for live measles vaccine. The vaccine preparation is produced in Moscow. The LCV vaccine contains:

• Live weakened viral particles (serotype Leningrad-16), which are grown on a special culture of Japanese quail embryos;
• Auxiliary compounds - aminoglycoside antibiotics (Kanamycin, Gentamicin);
• LS-18 and gelatin, which are used as stabilizers.

Measles cultured live vaccine is available in the form of a lyophilisate for preparation injection solutions in ampoules or vials. The vaccine preparation is widely used for immunization of patients under 35 years of age. Vaccination with LCV promotes the formation of a pronounced immune response after 1 month in 95% of vaccinated people. The duration of immunity reaches 20 years.

Vaccination schedule

LCV vaccination is carried out according to National calendar vaccinations:

• Infants from 1 to 1.5 years old who have not previously suffered from an infectious disease;
• Vaccinated children in the absence of antibodies to measles;
• Revaccination is carried out at 6 years of age.

This scheme allows you to create reliable immunity in a child against measles for 18-20 years. Vaccination of preschool children is aimed at preventing a massive measles epidemic and quarantine. The LCV vaccine is re-administered to adult patients under 35 years of age. If a child over 15 years of age or an adult has not been immunized childhood or there is no data on vaccinations, then double administration of the vaccine preparation with an interval of 6 months is indicated.

If the mother of the child has a seronegative reaction to the measles virus, a two-time LCV vaccination is indicated:

• The first dose of the vaccine is administered at 8 months;
• Second vaccination - at 1.5 years;
• Revaccination is indicated for children aged six years.

If the patient, regardless of age, has been in contact with a patient with measles, then emergency prevention of the disease is indicated. In this case, the measles cultured live vaccine is administered within 3 days from the date of contact. Children under 12 months of age are given an additional 1-2 doses. human immunoglobulin to prevent infection.

Features of vaccine administration

The bottle with lyophilisate contains 5 usual doses of the vaccine preparation, the ampoule contains 1 dose. The dry substance should be dissolved before administration in a special solvent, which is included in each package. The diluted solution has a pinkish tint and should not have foreign inclusions (flakes, sediment).

The LCV vaccination is given subcutaneously in top part shoulder, possible insertion into the scapula area. Immunization in childhood is often combined with vaccination against other infections. For this purpose, combined vaccine preparations are used.

Important! When used separately, LCV vaccination is done 30 days after the previous immunization.

Rules of conduct before and after vaccination

The vaccine preparation was created using quail proteins and aminoglycoside antibiotics, so patients often experience allergic reactions. To prevent allergies in people with allergies, it is recommended to take 3-4 days before vaccination. antihistamines. On the day of LCV vaccination, you should consult a specialist and take your temperature. In some cases, it is indicated to carry out clinical trial blood and urine.

After vaccination, you should not immediately leave the clinic. Doctors recommend staying on the premises for up to 30 minutes so that if anaphylaxis develops, the patient can receive the necessary medical care. For several days it is recommended not to wet the injection site and not to wear tight clothing.

Important! The measles virus is inactivated by alcohol and other antiseptic solutions, therefore the injection site should not be treated with such drugs.

Side effects of the LCV vaccine

Many parents refuse to vaccinate their child for fear of developing severe adverse reactions. However, after vaccination with LCV, unwanted symptoms rarely occur; vaccination is usually well tolerated. Only in rare cases are the following symptoms observed:

• Fever;
• Development of seizures;
• pale pink rash;
• Cough;
• Enlarged and painful lymph nodes;
• Swelling, redness of the injection site;
• Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria.

The listed symptoms usually do not require special therapy, however, antipyretics and antihistamines can be used to alleviate the patient’s condition.

Possible complications and contraindications

Measles vaccine is a low-reactogenic drug, so most patients do not develop post-vaccination reactions. However, with aggravated allergy history after vaccination, allergic reactions may occur (rash, Quincke's edema). Complications include pronounced post-vaccination reactions: an increase in body temperature up to 40 0 ​​C, the appearance of symptoms of intoxication, convulsions. However, these conditions are diagnosed extremely rarely.

Reduces the risk of complications medical examination, at which the doctor must determine the existing contraindications. It is recommended to refuse vaccination in the following cases:

• Pregnancy period or pregnancy planning;
• Acute period of diseases of infectious and non-infectious nature;
• Pathologies that are characterized long course: viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, tuberculosis, pathologies of the nervous system;
• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
• Severe allergy to antibiotics, history of eggs;
• Oncopathology;
• Malignant blood pathologies;
• Blood transfusion for 3 months;
• Severe post-vaccination reactions to previous immunization;
• Contacts with infectious patients. Vaccination can only be done after completion of quarantine;
• During long-term radiation or chemotherapy;
• Severe immunodeficiency.

The introduction of live measles vaccine allows the patient to form reliable immunity against dangerous viral infection. Vaccination is usually easily tolerated and rarely provokes the development of adverse reactions. However, before vaccination, you need to consult a doctor to assess the patient’s condition and determine the need for immunization.

The measles vaccine protects against a dangerous infectious disease. The vaccination schedule is approved in each country; it is tailored to the characteristics of the population and the place of residence of citizens. Measles is transmitted by airborne droplets and can cause dangerous complications, so vaccination should be given to all children who do not have a medical exemption.

This type of vaccination should also be given to adults who, for one reason or another, did not receive this protection in childhood.

What is measles?

With the invention of vaccines, humanity managed to avoid many epidemics that raged before. Due to outbreaks and the spread of various infectious diseases Hundreds of thousands of people died. It was difficult to find a family that did not die in early age children from whooping cough, measles, diphtheria, etc. Whole settlements almost died out due to the spread dangerous diseases.

Measles has also caused large-scale epidemics in the past. This disease is transmitted through air and saliva, so the risk of infection is very high. Measles causes unique symptoms that are not so easy to distinguish from before the rash appears. common cold or flu:

• temperature increase up to 40 o;
• chills;
• signs of acute respiratory infections;
• profuse rash.

This disease can cause serious complications:

• pneumonia;
• meningitis;
• sepsis;
• convulsions.

People who are immunocompromised or have chronic diseases they can die from such consequences. Also at risk are young children who have defense mechanisms organisms are just developing. It is very difficult for adolescents to tolerate the disease due to hormonal changes in organism.

Therefore, only timely vaccination can protect children from such danger, which should not be abandoned after reading an article by some so-called specialist who is simply advertising for himself on such topics.

Mumps and rubella

These types of diseases are also infectious and are spread by airborne droplets. Mumps and rubella are somewhat milder than measles, but can cause serious consequences.

So, mumps is very dangerous for boys. The disease causes disruption in the reproductive system of children, which in the future can lead to infertility. And this type of it cannot be treated with medication. The guy may be left without heirs in the future.

Rubella is very dangerous for pregnant women. If a woman gets it in the first trimesters, then the risk of developmental pathologies and deformities in the baby increases several times. Most often, in this case, a woman is offered an abortion or artificial birth.

People suffering from immunodeficiency conditions can have a very difficult time with such diseases and end up in the hospital and even in intensive care.

Measles vaccine: instructions for use

Through vaccination, a weakened virus is introduced into the body. After defeating him, long-term immunity is developed. The vaccine contains about 1000 units of tissue doses. If a person does not suffer from serious diseases, then the body will easily overcome it and develop immunity.

Live measles vaccine is produced in Russia. After this vaccination, the body will be protected from only one type of disease - measles. This vaccine is grown on quail embryos, so people who are allergic to chicken protein, it is better to use this drug.

The measles vaccine is injected under the shoulder blade or shoulder. A single dose is 0.5 ml for everyone. Children are subject to vaccination according to the schedule and all contact persons (who have not previously received protection in the form of vaccinations) against measles within three days from the moment the first symptoms appear in the sick person.

Mumps-measles vaccine

To get protection against several dangerous diseases at once, you can get a two-component vaccine. In this case, immunity from measles and mumps is developed.

This vaccine is also produced in Russia and is administered according to a standard schedule. Doctors should carefully study the child’s medical history, because it is produced on chicken embryos and contains the antibiotic gentamicin. These components may cause severe allergic reactions. You need to read the instructions for mumps in advance. measles vaccine.

This vaccine is produced in dry form, so before administration it must be diluted with a special solvent according to the instructions. Usually diluted 0.5 ml per dose.

After 3-5 minutes, the mixture should take the form of a homogeneous, pale liquid. Pink colour. The vaccine is injected under the shoulder blade or into the shoulder. Once diluted, the liquid cannot be stored and must be used or disposed of immediately.

"Priorix"

This type of vaccine contains virus particles from three diseases:

• measles;
• rubella;
• mumps.

With one vaccination you can protect your body from three dangerous diseases at once. This vaccine is produced in Belgium. The COC is administered according to a standard schedule into the shoulder or thigh at a dose of 0.5 ml.

It must be remembered that women after vaccination must be protected from pregnancy for a month. Otherwise, the fetus may experience disturbances during the formation of organs at the first stage.

When is vaccination done?

According to the standard schedule, vaccinations are given twice. At the age of 12 months, the first administration of measles vaccine is made. Repeated examination is carried out for children aged 6 years.

If the schedule is violated for one reason or another, then vaccination is carried out at any age with a minimum interval between administrations of 6 months. Before the procedure, you must be examined by a pediatrician or therapist.

During the epidemic, all people at risk who have not received the vaccine before are also subject to vaccination with measles vaccine. Such manipulations can also be performed on patients who have lost their medical documents and do not know whether they received appropriate doses as children.

According to WHO3, immunity is developed within 4-7 weeks. During this period, the body is somewhat weakened and susceptible to various viruses. There is one peculiarity of vaccines - in 5% of cases immunity may not be fully or partially developed, so it is imperative to re-vaccinate on schedule.

Contraindications

Any such manipulations should be carried out only after examination by a therapist. Measles cultured live vaccine should not be administered during acute respiratory viral infections or exacerbation of a chronic disease.

The vaccine, like any other drug, has a number of contraindications:

• history of serious allergic reactions to components;
• presence of immunodeficiency;
• leukemia and other oncological diseases;
• pregnancy;
• severe complications after the first injection.

Diseases such as cerebral palsy, bronchial asthma, dermatitis and others chronic manifestations During the period of remission, vaccination is not a contraindication.

It is necessary to temporarily refrain from vaccination after the transfer serious illnesses or injuries before full recovery body.

Side effects

The instructions for the live measles vaccine indicate that most often it is well tolerated. In rare cases, minor side effects may occur:

• temperature increase to 38 o;
• fast passing rash;
• otitis media;
• upper respiratory tract infections;
• increased excitability;
• continuous crying (rare);
• pain and swelling in the injection area.

Such reactions do not require treatment and go away on their own after some time. It is possible to use medications for fever, which also have an analgesic effect in the first few days as directed by the doctor.

Sometimes, from the 7th to the 21st day, the baby may develop a slight rash. This reaction is not dangerous for the baby, but requires supervision by a pediatrician. The use of ointments is not recommended. The only exception can be severe itching in these places. Then the pediatrician prescribes antihistamines and ointments.

In the first few days after vaccination, it is advisable to avoid crowded places so as not to become infected with acute respiratory infections. During this period, the body will be somewhat weakened and susceptible to various diseases.

A vaccinated person cannot be a carrier of measles, mumps, or rubella, and therefore will not bring danger to others.

1. Severe forms allergic reactions for aminoglycosides (gentamicin sulfate, etc.), chicken and/or quail eggs.

2. Primary immunodeficiency states, malignant diseases blood and neoplasms.

3. Severe reaction (temperature rise above 40 °C, swelling, hyperemia more than 8 cm in diameter at the injection site) or complication to a previous administration of measles or mumps-measles vaccines.

4. Pregnancy.

Note

In the presence of HIV infection, vaccination of persons with immune categories 1 and 2 (absence or moderate immunodeficiency) is allowed.

Vaccination is the most effective method of protection against infectious and viral diseases. Immunization begins from infancy.

Mumps and measles are two dangerous pathologies. Vaccination against them is mandatory and is done from the age of one. Some parents write a refusal, fearing that their child will develop adverse reactions.

To decide whether to inject your baby with the mumps-measles vaccine, you need to consider the composition of the antigenic material, the features of its use and reviews.

Composition of live mumps-measles vaccine

A single dose of the drug contains:

• gentamicin sulfate;
• stabilizer.

The active components of the product stimulate the production of antibodies to measles and mumps pathogens. Specific immunity is formed within 6-7 weeks after the injection.

Indications and contraindications for vaccination

The vaccine is used to prevent mumps and measles in children from one year of age. According to the National Immunization Calendar of the Russian Federation, the first injection is given at 12 months, the second at 6 years. Revaccination is indicated for children who have not had mumps and measles.

Any vaccination has a number of contraindications. There are temporary and permanent restrictions on the management of mumps-measles antigenic material.

The prohibitions of the first group include:

• exacerbation of chronic pathology of internal organs;
• age up to one year;
• pregnancy;
• acute course of a non-infectious or infectious disease;
• undergoing chemotherapy;
• allergy;
• general malaise;
• treatment with immunosuppressive drugs;
• lactation period.

If there has been an exacerbation of a chronic pathology, or an infectious or non-infectious disease has been suffered, then vaccination is allowed a month after achieving remission or complete recovery. When treated with immunosuppressive chemotherapy drugs, the vaccine is given six months after completion of the course. If these rules are violated, the effectiveness of prevention will be low.

The list of absolute contraindications includes the following:

• state of primary immunodeficiency;
• intolerance to the components of the drug;
• development of severe side effects following previous administration of the measles and mumps vaccine.

HIV infection is not a ban on immunization. It is not recommended to vaccinate against measles and mumps during an epidemic of serous meningitis.

Instructions for use of mumps-measles vaccine

Before using the mumps-measles vaccine, the lyophilisate is diluted with a special solvent in the amount of 0.5 ml per dose of vaccination. Within a few minutes, the dry powder completely dissolves and a clear, homogeneous pink liquid is obtained.

For immunization it is prohibited to use:

• a drug that was stored in inappropriate conditions;
• ampoules with damaged integrity;
• a substance with altered physical properties (transparency, color);
• antigenic material with an expired expiration date.

The ampoule is opened immediately before manipulation, subject to the rules of antiseptics and asepsis. It is prohibited to store the dissolved vaccine.

Instructions for use:

• Ampoules with solvent and dry vaccine are treated at the incision site with alcohol and broken off.
• Draw a solvent into a syringe and transfer it to a container with powder. Stir the contents until a homogeneous liquid is obtained.
• Take a new sterile syringe and draw up antigenic material.
• Wipe the area of ​​the shoulder blade or shoulder with alcohol.
• A puncture is made in this place and the drug is injected subcutaneously.

The completed vaccination is recorded in a special accounting form. Be sure to indicate the name of the product, the date of the manipulation, the dosage used, the manufacturer, the number and series of the drug, and the expiration date. A reaction to dry vaccination against measles and mumps is also noted.

For half an hour after the procedure, it is recommended not to leave the walls of the medical facility: sensitive individuals may develop allergic conditions, including Quincke's edema and anaphylactic shock. It is important that immunization takes place in rooms equipped with all the necessary equipment for anti-shock therapy.

For those patients who are prone to allergies, doctors advise taking an antihistamine on the day of vaccination. Also, some pediatricians recommend using antipyretic drugs for several days after the procedure to prevent hyperthermia.

On the same day as vaccination against mumps and measles, other inactivated vaccines (for example, against hepatitis B, rubella, DPT) are allowed to be administered. But immunization is performed in separate syringes and in different parts of the body.

It is permissible to give no more than three injections per day. Simultaneous administration of live vaccines (for example, BCG) is prohibited.

How is the vaccine tolerated: reaction and side effects

Mumps-measles vaccination is tolerated normally by most children. Sometimes parents notice minor changes in the child’s well-being.

The following reactions are acceptable:

• temperature rise to subfebrile level;
• nausea;
• loss of appetite;
• diarrhea;
• lethargy;
• compaction, redness, hyperthermia of the injection area.

These symptoms indicate the beginning of the formation of specific immunity. After a few days, the baby's condition should return to normal.

Parents should be concerned if the following symptoms appear:

• high fever;
• morbilliform rash lasting longer than three days;
• encephalitis;
• arthritis;
• sharp cramps in the abdominal area;
• sleep disturbance;
• conjunctivitis;
• serous meningitis;
• the appearance of symptoms of mumps;
• severe swelling, redness, suppuration of the injection area;
• allergic manifestations in the form of skin rashes, Quincke's edema, anaphylaxis.

If such conditions develop, it is necessary to take medications (for example, antipyretics, antihistamines). Negligent attitude towards a child's health can lead to serious consequences. For example, ignoring a high temperature can cause seizures. Anaphylaxis without timely medical attention can result in death.

The likelihood of side effects increases in the following cases:

• use of expired vaccine;
• the use of a drug that was stored in improper conditions and has deteriorated;
• violation by doctors of the rules of asepsis and antiseptics;
• carrying out immunization if the child has contraindications.

If adverse reactions occur in a baby after mumps-measles vaccination, parents should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Price and analogues

Mumps-measles live dry vaccine is sold in pharmacies and online stores. Its cost varies from 850 to 1135 rubles. If the drug is not available in the pharmacy or is poorly tolerated by the body, then the doctor may suggest immunization with another drug - an analogue.

The live dry vaccine against measles and mumps does not have complete structural substitutes. But there are similar means.

Analogues include the following vaccinations:

• M-M-R II. Used to prevent mumps, rubella and measles.
• Priorix. This is a live attenuated combination vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella.
• Mumps cultural live vaccination.
• Indian live attenuated measles vaccine.
• Cultured live measles vaccination.

The measles vaccine is included in the vaccination schedule adopted in Russia and it is assumed that the corresponding vaccination will be given to all children without exception. However, many parents refuse vaccination, fearing for the health of the child. Should your child be vaccinated against measles? In this article we will answer this question in detail.

Is measles a threat to our children?

For a long time, measles was a forgotten disease and was almost never found in either children or adults. A measles outbreak unexpectedly occurred in 2014 in Novosibirsk, then in 2015 in the Altai Territory, affecting about 100 people.

This is an example that we need to treat vaccination with due responsibility. Even if the disease seems to have receded, you should not neglect vaccination, endangering your own and other people’s children, because cases of infection from abroad, unfortunately, are no longer uncommon.

First of all, parents should know: in the absence of vaccination, there is no child who could not get measles. Measles is a highly contagious virus, it easily penetrates homes and child care facilities and easily affects children's bodies.

General information about measles vaccine

The measles vaccine is nothing more than a live but weakened virus created artificially. The virus differs from its natural counterpart in that it cannot cause disease. Its capabilities and task boil down to mobilizing the immune system and developing protection against infection for a period of about 20 years. The measles vaccine is highly effective and generally well tolerated.

Measles vaccination: timing, basic rules

According to the National Vaccination Calendar, children begin to be vaccinated against measles at one year of age. The second vaccination - a kind of insurance against possibly failed immune protection - should be given to a child at 6 years old.

It is important to follow the following rules:

• Due to the fact that vaccine viruses are easily inactivated by alcohol and other antiseptics, the injection site is not treated with such substances.
• the first two days after the procedure you should refrain from walking so as not to catch a cold;
• Is it possible to bathe a child after a measles vaccination? After any vaccination, bathing a child for 2 days is not recommended.

Contraindications for vaccination are:

• immunodeficiency,
• leukemia,
• malignant diseases in which immunity is reduced,
• allergic reactions to aminoglycosides and egg protein.

Types of measles vaccines: which one to choose?

Live measles vaccine (LMV) is a monovaccine. Its virus is grown in quail embryo cell cultures. Presented in ampoules in dry form. Contains a small amount of gentamicin. Stored at low temperature (+8°C).

This also includes the monovaccine Ruvax (Aventis).

Live mumps-measles vaccine is a divaccine. Consists of mumps and measles virus. Available in single dose ampoules. Also contains a trace amount of gentamicin.

M-M-R II (America) is one of the most popular vaccines. This triple vaccine is intended against measles, mumps, rubella. There are bottles of 1 and 10 doses, packaged with a solvent.

Priorix (England) - triple vaccine: measles, rubella, mumps. Contains some neomycin. The vaccine is produced in vials with one vaccination dose.

Human immunoglobulin is an option for passive measles prevention. It is isolated from donor plasma. They are used when it is not possible to vaccinate, but at least some kind of protection is needed. The effect is short-lived.

Monovaccines are used in adults or when it is suspected that a child has been in contact with a sick person. In other cases, children are routinely vaccinated with a triple or divaccine. They are equal in quality.

All vaccines are administered 0.5 ml subcutaneously under the shoulder blade.

Reactions to the measles vaccine

A triple vaccination that protects against measles, rubella and mumps usually does not cause a reaction in a child. Allergic reactions may be associated with neomycin or chicken protein used to create the vaccine. For children allergic to this component, the Russian monovaccine is preferred, which is prepared without chicken protein.

In addition to allergies, other reactions to vaccination are possible, such as fever. A slight increase in temperature is considered normal; only high temperatures (39-40°C) need to be treated with antipyretics and antihistamines.

In general, measles vaccination is not accompanied by clinical symptoms. It is extremely rare that mild symptoms of the disease may appear:

• conjunctivitis,
• runny nose,
• cough,
• 5% of vaccinated people may have noticeable rashes. This reaction lasts about 2-3 days.

Despite the similarity of symptoms of the disease, after measles vaccination the child is not contagious.

Of course, every person can talk about the benefits and harms of vaccinations and even doubt their necessity. However, the events of past years have shown that vaccination cannot be ignored. Measles vaccination causes virtually no complications in children, and its benefits compared to the possible consequences of the disease are incommensurate.

Lyubov Maslikhova, therapist, especially for the site

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