Lesson plan for PMP. Topic: "Desmurgy

Types of bandages and methods of applying them are important knowledge for each of us. The life of all people can be overshadowed by injury, and therefore providing first aid is the most important thing.

Navigator by methods

1 way. Circular headband.

It is used for minor injuries in the temporal, frontal and occipital regions. Circular tours should pass through the frontal tuberosities, above the ears and through the occipital protuberance, which will most securely hold the bandage on the head. The end of the bandage should be secured in the forehead with a knot.

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Method 2. Spiral bandage with a “belt”.

The main methods of applying bandages include this technique in their list. To apply such a bandage, the dressing material is firmly fixed on the chest. The technology for this application is the simplest. The bandage must be torn off to a length of 2 m. Next, it is thrown over the healthy shoulder girdle in such a way as to create a “belt” that will secure the applied bandage. After this, ascending circular moves are made from bottom to top over the hanging bandage. It’s important to start from lower section chest and upper abdomen, ending with the armpits. The loose ends of the bandage should be in the form of ties. They should be raised up and tied above the other shoulder girdle.

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3 way. Tile-shaped divergent bandage.

This bandage is applied to fairly mobile joints, for example, the elbow or knee. With this application, excellent fixation of the dressing material occurs. First, you will have to secure the bandage with two or three passes of the bandage, which is passed through the middle of the joint. After this, a bandage should be formed using strokes, passing above and below the middle of the joint.

4 way. "Bridle".

This technique of applying a bandage is used to hold dressing material for wounds of the lower jaw and on wounds in the parietal region. The first circular securing moves should go around the head. Further along the occipital region, the bandage is moved diagonally to the right side of the neck, under lower jaw and several circular vertical moves are made, with which the submandibular region or crown can be closed. After this, the bandage from the left side of the neck is drawn obliquely along the back of the head to the right temporal side and is drawn around the head in two or three circular horizontal strokes, securing the vertical rounds of the bandage.

5 way. Sling bandage.

This type of head bandage will allow you to keep the dressing material in the lower and upper lip, nose, chin, and they are also used for wounds of the parietal, occipital and frontal region. The uncut part of the sling covers the aseptic material on the surface of the wound, and its ends are crossed and tied at the back. The upper ends should be connected in the cervical region, and the lower ends in the parietal or occipital region.

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6 way. Returning bandage.

This bandaging technology is used for diseases and injuries of the finger when it is necessary to close its end. The width of the bandage should be approximately 5 cm. Applying such a bandage starts from the palm to the base of the finger. In this case, the bandage goes around the end of the finger and the bandage is drawn along the back side to the base of the finger. After bending, the bandage is carried in a creeping motion to the end of the finger and in spiral tours towards its base, where it will need to be secured.

7 way. Hippocrates' cap.

This bandage will have to be applied using a double-headed bandage or separate bandages. Some will need to make circular moves through the forehead, strengthening the moves of the second bandage, which covers the cranial vault from midline left and right. The ends must be tied at the back of the head.

8 way. Velpeau bandage.

The hand of the injured limb should be located on the shoulder girdle of the healthy side. It is important that the first 2 rounds pass through the axillary region and fix the arm to the chest. After this, the bandage is passed through the shoulder girdle from the back so that it can cross the middle third of the shoulder, bending around the back of the elbow joint. The bandage should also go into a horizontal circular tour, covering the previous one by two-thirds. Oblique and horizontal tours must be alternated and lowered until the entire arm is covered. The last oblique and horizontal tour should merge with each other on the surface of the elbow joint.

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9 way. Occlusive dressing.

This bandage is applied when using an individual dressing package. This technology of applying a bandage is used for penetrating chest wounds. This type of bandage can prevent air from being sucked into the pleural cavity while breathing. To apply such a bandage, the outer shell of the bag is torn along the existing incision and it is removed. It is important not to disturb the sterility of the inner surface. Next, a pin is removed from the inner parchment shell and a bandage with cotton-gauze pads is removed. The surface of the skin in the wound area should be treated with boron vaseline, which will ensure a more reliable sealing of the pleural cavity.

10th way. Posterior spica bandage.

Applying such a bandage should begin with strengthening circular tours around the abdomen. Then the bandaging passes through the buttock of the sore side and is carried out on inner surface thighs, going around it in front and obliquely lifting the bandage back onto the body. It is important to cross the previous stroke of the bandage along the back surface.

Providing first aid to victims with wounds, fractures, dislocations, ligament damage, bruises, burns, etc. becomes almost impossible without the timely and correct application of a bandage. After all, thanks to dressing, additional infection of the wound is prevented, bleeding is stopped, fractures are fixed, and even therapeutic effect for injury.

Medical dressings and their types

The branch of medicine that studies the rules for applying bandages and tourniquets, their types and methods of application is called desmurgy (from the Greek desmos - leash, bandage and ergon - execution, business).

According to the definition, a bandage is a method of treating injuries and wounds, which consists of using:

• dressing material that is applied directly to the wound;
• the outer part of the bandage that secures the dressing material.

As a dressing material, due to various reasons, can act:

• special dressing packages;
• napkins;
• cotton swabs;
• gauze balls.

Primary care for trauma

The process of applying a bandage is called ligation. Its purpose is to close the wound:

• to prevent further infection;
• to stop bleeding;
• to have a healing effect.

General rules for applying bandages to wounds and injuries:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap, if this is not possible, then you should at least treat them with special antiseptics.
2. If the site of injury is an open wound, then carefully treat the skin around it. alcohol solution, hydrogen peroxide or iodine.
3. Place the victim (patient) in a position convenient for him (sitting, lying), while providing free access to the damaged area.
4. Stand in front of the patient's face to observe his reaction.
5. Start bandaging with an “open” bandage from left to right, from the periphery of the limbs towards the torso, that is, from bottom to top, using two hands.
6. The arm should be bandaged with the elbow bent, and the leg straightened.
7. The first two or three turns (round) should be fastening; for this, the bandage is tightly wrapped around the narrowest undamaged place.
8. Next, you should bandage with even tension, without folds.
9. Each turn of the rope covers the previous one by about a third of the width.
10. When the injured area is large, one bandage may not be enough, then the beginning of the second is placed at the end of the first, strengthening this moment with a circular twist.
11. Finish the dressing by making two or three wraps of the bandage.
12. As an additional fixation, you can cut the end of the bandage into two parts, cross them together, circle them around the bandage and tie them with a strong knot.

Main types of bandages

Before learning the rules for applying bandages, you should familiarize yourself with the types of tourniquets and options for their use.

Classification of bandages:

1. By appearance:

• aseptic dry;
• antiseptic dry;
• hypertonic wet drying;
• pressing;
• occlusal.

2. By application method:

• circular or spiral;
• eight-shaped or cross-shaped;
• serpentine or creeping;
• spicate;
• tortoiseshell bandage: diverging and converging.

3. By localization:

• on the head;
• on the upper limb;
• on the lower limb;
• on the stomach and pelvis;
• on the chest;
• on the neck.

Rules for applying soft dressings

Bandage dressings are relevant in most cases of injury. They prevent secondary wound infection and minimize adverse effects environment.

Rules for applying soft bandage are as follows:

1. The patient is placed in a comfortable position:

• for injuries to the head, neck, chest, upper limbs - sedentary;
• for injuries of the abdomen, pelvic area, upper sections hips - recumbent.

2. Select a bandage according to the type of injury.

3. Carry out the bandaging process using the basic rules for applying bandages.

If you have made a dressing, following the rules for applying sterile dressings, then the compress will meet the following criteria:

• completely cover the damaged area;
• do not interfere with normal blood and lymph circulation;
• be comfortable for the patient.

Head bandaging

There are several types of headbands:

1. “cap”;

2. simple;

3. “bridle”;

4. “Hippocrates’ cap”;

5. one eye;

6. for both eyes;

7. Neapolitan (on the ear).

The basis of the rule for applying headbands is that, regardless of the type, the dressing is carried out with bandages of average width - 10 cm.

Since it is very important to provide timely treatment for any injury, for general head injury it is recommended to apply the simplest version of the bandage - a “cap”.

Rules for applying the “bonnet” bandage:

1. A piece about a meter long is cut from the bandage, which will be used as a tie.

2. Her middle part applied to the crown.

3. The ends of the tie are held with both hands; this can be done either by an assistant or by the patient himself, if he is in a conscious state.

4. Apply a fixing layer of bandage around the head, reaching the tie.

5. Begin to wrap the bandage around the tie and further over the head.

6. Having reached the opposite end of the tie, the bandage is wrapped again and passed around the skull slightly above the first layer.

7. Repeated actions completely cover with a bandage. scalp heads.

8. When making the last round, the end of the bandage is tied to one of the straps.

9. The straps are tied under the chin.

Dressings for bleeding

Bleeding is the loss of blood when the integrity of the blood vessels.

General rules for applying bandages for bleeding from a limb:

1. Place the bandage under the limb, slightly above the wound site.
2. Apply an ice pack (ideally).
3. Stretch the tourniquet very much.
4. Tie the ends.

The main rule for applying a bandage is to place the tourniquet on top of clothing or specially placed fabric (gauze, towel, scarf, etc.).

At correct actions, the bleeding should stop, and the area under the tourniquet should turn pale. Be sure to place a note under the bandage with the date and time (hours and minutes) of the dressing. After first aid is provided, no more than 1.5-2 hours should pass before the victim is taken to the hospital, otherwise the injured limb cannot be saved.

Rules for applying a pressure bandage

Pressure bandages should be applied to reduce all types of external bleeding in areas of bruises, as well as to reduce the amount of swelling.

Rules for applying a pressure bandage:

1. The skin adjacent to the wound (about two to four cm) is treated with an antiseptic.
2. If there are foreign objects in the wound, they should be carefully removed immediately.
3. As a dressing material, use a ready-made dressing bag or a sterile cotton-gauze roll; if this is not available, then a bandage, a clean handkerchief, or napkins will do.
4. The dressing is fixed on the wound with a bandage, scarf, or scarf.
5. Try to make the bandage tight, but not over-tightening the damaged area.

A well-applied pressure bandage should stop bleeding. But if it has managed to become saturated with blood, then there is no need to remove it before arriving at the hospital. It should simply be tightly bandaged on top, after placing another gauze bag under the new bandage.

Features of the occlusive dressing

An occlusive dressing is applied to provide an airtight seal around the damaged area to prevent contact with water and air. Used for penetrating wounds.

Rules for applying an occlusive dressing:

1. Place the victim in a sitting position.
2. Treat the skin adjacent to the wound with an antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, alcohol).
3. An antiseptic wipe is applied to the wound and adjacent area of ​​the body with a radius of five to ten cm.
4. The next layer is applied with water- and air-tight material (always with the sterile side), for example, a plastic bag, cling film, rubberized fabric, oilcloth.
5. The third layer consists of a cotton-gauze pad, which plays the role of constipation.
6. All layers are tightly fixed with a wide bandage.

When applying a bandage, remember that each new layer of dressing material should be 5-10 cm larger than the previous one.

Of course, if there is such an opportunity, then it is best to use IPP - which is a bandage with two cotton-gauze pads attached. One of them is fixed, and the other moves freely along it.

Applying an aseptic dressing

An aseptic dressing is used in cases where there is an open wound and it is necessary to prevent contamination and foreign particles from entering it. To do this, it is necessary not only to correctly apply the dressing material, which must be sterile, but also to securely fix it.

Rules for applying an aseptic dressing:

1. Treat wounds with special antiseptic agents, but under no circumstances use water for this purpose.
2. Apply gauze directly to the injury, the size more wounds 5 cm, pre-rolled in several layers.
3. Apply a layer (easily peelable) on top, which is two to three centimeters larger than gauze.
4. Secure the dressing tightly with a bandage or medical adhesive plaster.

Ideally, it is better to use special dry aseptic dressings. They consist of a layer of hygroscopic material that absorbs blood very well and dries the wound.

To better protect the wound from dirt and infection, additionally glue cotton gauze bandage from all sides to the skin using an adhesive plaster. And after that, secure everything with a bandage.

When the bandage is completely saturated with blood, it must be carefully replaced with a new one: completely or just the top layer. If this is not possible, for example, due to the lack of another set of sterile dressing material, then you can bandage the wound, having previously lubricated the wet bandage with iodine tincture.

Application of splint dressings

When providing first aid for fractures, the main thing is to ensure immobility of the injury site, as a result of which the painful sensations and prevent the displacement of bone fragments in the future.

The main signs of a fracture:

• Severe pain at the site of injury that does not stop for several hours.
• Pain shock.
• At closed fracture- swelling, edema, tissue deformation at the site of injury.
• With an open fracture, there is a wound from which bone fragments protrude.
• Limited or no movement at all.

Basic rules for applying bandages for limb fractures:

1. The bandage should be of an immobilization type.
2. In the absence of special tires, you can use improvised things: a stick, a cane, small boards, a ruler, and so on.
3. Ensure the victim's immobility.
4. To fix the fracture, use two splints wrapped soft cloth or cotton wool.
5. Apply splints on the sides of the fracture; they should cover the joints below and above the damage.
6. If the fracture is accompanied open wound And heavy bleeding, That:

• A tourniquet is applied above the fracture and wound;
• a bandage is applied to the wound;
• Two splints are placed on the sides of the injured limb.

If you apply any type of bandage incorrectly, then instead of providing first aid, you can cause irreparable harm to the health of the victim, which can lead to death.

Bandage applied.

LECTURE No. 9

TOPIC: "DESMURGY".

Plan:

1. The concept of "Desmurgy".
2. Types of dressings, their functions. Rules for applying bandages. Criteria for correctly applied

3. Immobilization: types of immobilization, means for immobilization.

4. Rules transport immobilization.

5. Transport immobilization for injuries.

6. Problems of patients with bandages.

1. The concept of "Desmurgy".

Desmurgy- a branch of surgery that studies the types of dressings, the purposes for which the dressing is applied and the methods for applying them. Literally, “desmurgy” means “bandage action.”

The main type of dressing material used for bandages is gauze. It has good hygroscopicity. For ease of use in surgery, gauze is used to make napkins, tampons, turundas, balls and bandages.

Another type of dressing material is cotton wool. Cotton wool is used as cotton-gauze swabs, balls, and is wound onto sticks to treat minor wounds and fistula tracts. The methods for sterilizing cotton wool and gauze are identical.

In some cases, when applying dressings, regular fabric (for example, a scarf bandage), rubberized fabric (occlusive dressing for pneumothorax), plaster splints, transport tires and other devices.

1. Types of dressings, their functions. Rules for applying bandages. The criteria are correct

It is customary to distinguish the definition of “bandage” from “dressing”.

A bandage is a dressing material specially attached to the surface of the body. The bandage consists of:

1) the actual bandage, or dressing material applied to the wound

2) a fixing part that strengthens the dressing material on the surface of the body.

Dressing is a process consisting of removing the old bandage, treating the skin around the wound, medical manipulations in the wound and applying a new bandage.

I. Depending on the type of material and mechanical properties, the dressings are:

1) Soft - glue, scarf, bandage, etc.

2) Hard - gypsum, splint, starch, etc.

II. By purpose:

1) Protective - protecting wounds from infection, etc.

2) Medicinal - retention medicinal substance on the outer part of the body

3) Pressure - stop bleeding

4) Occlusive - closing the cavity from communication with air (open or valvular pneumothorax)

5) Immobilizing - creating immobility

6) Corrective - corrective incorrect position any part of the body (clubfoot)

7) Bandages with traction - provide constant traction of bone fragments.

Soft dressings according to the method of fixing the dressing material there are:

1) Bandage-free dressings:

• adhesive - mainly used are cleol, collodion, and BF-6 glue. After laying on

a strip of cleol 3-5 cm wide is applied to the wound of sterile napkins directly along their edge to the skin. And after 30 - 40 seconds, stretched gauze is applied and smoothed through a layer of material (sheet, towel);

• scarf - applied using a piece of fabric in the form of a scarf, used for

suspension of the arm for dislocations and fractures. Sometimes a scarf bandage is applied to large wound surfaces after amputation;

• sling-shaped - these bandages consist of a strip of material, both ends of which are cut into

longitudinal direction. Apply to the area of ​​the nose, chin, forehead, occipital and parietal areas;

• contour - bandages that have a size certain parts bodies, used in the form

bandages and jockstraps and strengthened with ribbons (strengthening abdominal wall or covering defects in hernias);

• adhesive plaster - the dressing material is fixed with an adhesive plaster;
• T-shaped is used for injuries in the perineal area. Apply after

operations on the rectum, perineum, sacrum, etc.;

• bandage made of tubular elastic bandage. Tubular elastic bandage (retilast)

used to secure bandages on various parts bodies. Sizes from No. 1 (for fingers in adults, hands and feet in children) to No. 7 - for the chest, abdomen, pelvis and perineum in adults.

2) Bandage bandages.

Applying bandages has a number of advantages: they provide more reliable

fixation of dressing material; don't call allergic reactions; allow you to increase pressure (pressure bandage). At the same time, applying bandages to the chest and abdomen requires large quantity bandages and is quite uncomfortable for the patient.

A bandage is considered to be a medical or improvised means, the purpose of which is to secure dressing material on a wound, increase pressure on blood vessels during bleeding, fixate arms, legs and other parts to ensure their immobility; prevention of secondary infection of the wound surface, protecting it from adverse environmental influences; warnings of edema.

They are classified according to different parameters:

1. By duration of use(temporary, permanent).
2. By purpose:
   • strengthening (plaster, adhesive, bandage);
   • pressing;
   • immobilizers (splints, plaster).
3. According to the method of securing the dressing material:
   • stickers;
   • adhesive;
   • bandage (gauze, mesh, tubular-mesh, fabric bandage);
   • kerchiefs (gauze or cloth in the form of a kerchief);
   • sling-shaped;
   • T-shaped.
4. According to the properties of the materials used(soft or hard).
5. By application method:
   • circular;
   • spiral;
   • crossing;
   • spicate, etc.

In any first aid kit, in addition to a large variety medicines(painkillers, antipyretics, anti-inflammatory, sedatives, etc.) there should be dressings. Their mandatory list:

• dressing package;
• bandages: sterile, elastic mesh-tubular;
• sterile cotton wool;
• bactericidal patch;
• a rubber tourniquet for temporarily squeezing large blood vessels to reduce blood loss;
• a splint placed on an arm or leg for a fracture or dislocation.

The kit can be supplemented with a regular adhesive plaster, non-sterile gauze and medical tubular knitted bandages, brilliant green, iodine, and hydrogen peroxide.
All these accessories may be needed for dressings in cases of injuries that are accompanied by bleeding, dislocations, fractures and swelling or immobilization of the area.

Basic rules for applying bandages

Everyone should have the skills to apply the simplest dressings. They require certain skills, otherwise the bandage will not hold, will weaken, slip, or, conversely, by squeezing, disrupt blood circulation and even cause pain. To avoid this, you should master these simple rules:

1. Wash your hands well with soap (if not possible, wipe thoroughly with a damp cloth with antibacterial properties).
2. Treat the skin around the wound or site of disease with a disinfectant (alcohol, vodka). If the wound is fresh, then with iodine.
3. Position yourself so that you can see the victim's face and the area to be bandaged. The surface to be bandaged, if possible in this situation, should be at the level of the chest of the person doing the bandaging.
4. The end of the bandage is held in the left hand, and the rolled one in the right. First, the free part is applied, fixed with two turns clockwise, and then, moving the right hand and helping it with the left, partially covering the previous round, they move forward. The last two turns, like the first, overlap each other. The rest of the bandage must be cut (not torn!) lengthwise and the bandage secured.
5. When applying the bandage, the legs should be in a straight position, and the arms should be bent.
6. A correctly executed bandage completely secures the dressing material, does not move or compress damaged tissues, has an aesthetic appearance, and if applied for a long time - is marked with the time and date of application.

The rules for applying more complex bandages are not known to everyone, and they can be mastered well only after long-term special training.

Some types of dressings and application rules

A soft bandage (sticker) is used to cover clean wounds that have undergone treatment: stitches after surgery, opened boils, etc. A pad of cotton wool and gauze is covered with a 2-layer bandage and glued with a special compound.

Band-aids are used in similar situations. Adhesive tape strips are attached to dry skin. Most often, such bandages are used for rib fractures and cut wounds belly.

A gauze or fabric piece in the shape of a triangle is the main element of scarves. With their help, they hold the dressing material, the injured arm, and foot. The hand (or foot) is placed on the spread out scarf. One of the ends of the scarf is wrapped on back side, the other two are tied. If the arm is injured, the bandage is attached to the neck, and if the foot is injured, just above the ankle.
Contour bandage is a good painless way to protect the surface burn injuries large area. It is made in the form of panties or a corset to secure the dressing material along the contour of the injury.

T-shaped - applied to the lower part of the body for injuries or after operations on the rectum, genitals or perineum. One piece of bandage is fixed on the belt, the other secures the dressing in the perineal area, and is fastened to the “belt” in front.

The most common types of dressings are bandages. Bandages of different widths are used for them. The application rules are as follows: bandage begins with a narrower part, gradually moving to a surface with a larger circumference for applying a bandage. Each next turn should lie on the previous one. This bandage is firmly fixed at the very beginning and at the end of the procedure.

To treat the crown, back of the head, nose or chin, a sling-shaped bandage is used, made from a bandage or a strip of fabric with longitudinally cut ends.

Circular bandages are considered the most reliable. Their strength is due to the fact that the turns of the bandage lie one on top of the other. Suitable for dressing any part of the body.

Spiral ones are similar to circular ones. But after several turns, the bandage is tilted slightly to the side, covering the one in front of it by half. Most often they are applied to the limbs.

A cross-shaped or spica-shaped bandage is used to bandage the hands, ankles, neck, and chest area.

A tortoiseshell bandage can be seen on a bandaged elbow or knee.

Fast-hardening substances (starch, plaster) or hard materials (metal, plastic, etc.) make dressings rigid. They are applied during transportation or to immobilize a part of the body for a long period.

Every person should know and be able to do the simplest dressings, since injury can occur anywhere, even at home.

42. Types of bandages. Basic rules for their application.

Bandages

General rules for bandaging

The application of bandage dressings has a number of advantages: they provide more reliable fixation of the dressing material for injuries in the extremities, especially on moving parts - in the joint area; do not cause allergic reactions, are easily modified, and allow increasing pressure (pressure bandage). At the same time, applying bandages to the torso (chest and abdomen) requires a large number of bandages and is quite inconvenient for the patient.

When applying bandage dressings, you should adhere to general rules bandaging, which can be divided into rules regarding the position of the surgeon and the patient, and the bandaging technique itself.

Position of surgeon and patient

1. The surgeon must be facing the patient in order to see the manifestation of his emotions (reaction to discomfort, grimace in pain, sudden deterioration state).

2. The part of the body to be bandaged should be at the level of the surgeon’s chest (if necessary, the patient should be seated or laid down, the foot should be placed on a special stand, etc.).

3. The patient should be in a comfortable position.

4. The part of the body (limb) on which the bandage is applied must be motionless. When applying a bandage to the lower leg, for example, the patient is seated and the foot is placed on a stool; When applying a bandage to the hand, the patient is seated and the upper limb is supported with the elbow on the table. It is possible to use special stands.

5. The limb on which the bandage is applied should be given a functionally advantageous position. This implies a position in which the action of the antagonist muscles (flexors and extensors) is balanced, and in addition, maximum use of the functions of the limb is possible (for upper limb- grasping, and for the lower - supporting). In accordance with this, the following position is considered functionally advantageous for the upper limb: the shoulder is adducted, freely hangs down and rotated medially; V elbow joint bending 90? and an intermediate position between pronation and supination; the hand is in the position of dorsiflexion by 10-15?, the fingers are half-bent, and the first finger is opposed to the rest (sometimes a kind of ball of gauze or cotton wool is placed in the hand). Functionally advantageous position for the lower limb: in the hip and knee joints - extension (180?), in the ankle - flexion (90?).

Bandaging technique

1. You must select the appropriate bandage size (for a finger bandage - 5-7 cm wide, for a head - 10 cm, for a thigh - 14 cm, etc.).

2. The bandage is applied from the periphery to the center, from the undamaged area to the wound.

3. When applying a bandage, the head of the bandage should be in right hand, the canvas is on the left. The head of the bandage should be open, which promotes uniform, even rolling of the bandage. The free length of the canvas should not exceed 15-20 cm.

4. Any bandage begins with the application of circular rounds (round - turn of the bandage) to secure the beginning of the bandage.

5. Rounds of the bandage are applied from left to right (in relation to the bandage), with each subsequent round usually overlapping the previous one.

6. When applying a bandage to conical areas of the limb, bend the bandage.

7. The ends of the bandage should not be fixed (tie) on the wound area, on flexion and supporting surfaces.

The finished bandage must meet the following requirements:

The dressing must reliably perform its function (fixation of the dressing on the wound, immobilization, stopping bleeding, etc.);

The dressing should be comfortable for the patient;

The bandage should be beautiful and aesthetic.

Certain types of bandages

Circular

A circular (circular) bandage is the beginning of any bandage (helps to secure the end of the bandage), and can also be an independent bandage when applied to small wounds. The peculiarity of the bandage is that each subsequent round is placed exactly on the previous one.

Spiral

The spiral dressing is used to cover larger wounds on the limbs or torso. It is a classic bandage, in which all the rules of bandaging are followed. In particular, the tours overlap the previous ones by one to two thirds.

A conventional spiral bandage is applied to areas of the limbs that are close in shape to a cylinder (thigh, shoulder); close in shape to a cone (shin, forearm) - a spiral bandage with kinks. In this case, it is advisable to do the bends on one surface, without pulling the bandage and alternating them with regular rounds.

When applied spiral dressing It should start on the finger and end on the wrist to prevent the bandage from slipping. In this case, movements from the finger to the wrist should only go along the back of the hand.

Creeping

The creeping bandage resembles the classic spiral bandage, but differs in that the rounds do not overlap each other.

This bandage is applied when there are multiple wounds on the limb (for example, after phlebectomy for varicose veins of the saphenous veins of the lower limb) for preliminary fixation of the dressing material on the wounds, then switching to a spiral bandage.

Cross-shaped (eight-shaped)

A cross-shaped (or eight-shaped) bandage is applied to surfaces with an irregular configuration. Mainly used for bandages on the chest, back of the head and ankle joint.

Turtle (convergent and divergent)

A turtle bandage is applied to the knee and elbow joints. It ensures reliable fixation of the dressing material in these moving areas. Depending on the order in which tours are applied, there are two equal types of tours: convergent and divergent.

Returning bandage

The bandage is used to apply bandages to the stump of a limb or to the hand. Provides closure of the end surface. To do this, some of the tours are applied vertically through the end of the stump (hand), and they are fixed with horizontal tours at its base.

Spica-shaped

A spica bandage is used for wounds in the area of ​​the shoulder girdle, shoulder joint and upper third of the shoulder. Applying other types of bandages in this area does not provide reliable fixation: with the slightest movement, the bandage slides down onto the shoulder.

Deso bandage

The Deso bandage is one of the types of immobilizing bandages applied with a regular gauze bandage. Used to immobilize the upper limb as a means of first aid, transport immobilization and auxiliary immobilization after operations.

Feature of the bandage: when applied to the left hand, bandaging begins from left to right, on the right hand - from right to left (an exception to the general rules of bandaging).

Headbands

The main bandage headbands are a Hippocratic cap, a bonnet and bandages for one or both eyes.

Hippocrates' cap applied using a double-headed bandage or two separate bandages. One of them is to make tours in the sagittal direction from the forehead to the back of the head and back, gradually shifting them to cover the entire surface of the head. In this case, circular rounds are made with the second bandage, fixing each round of the first bandage.

Cap- the simplest and most convenient bandage for the scalp, which can also cover the occipital area. The application of the bandage begins by placing a bandage tie over the head on the parietal area, the ends of which hang down (the victim usually holds them, pulling them slightly).

The bandage rounds begin with a circular one, gradually “raising” them to the center of the scalp. When applying rounds, the bandage is wrapped around the tie each time. After covering the entire scalp with tours, the tie is tied under the lower jaw, and the end of the bandage is also fixed to it.

Bandaging technique for one and both eyes to a certain extent resembles a figure-eight bandage. It is important to note that when the bandage is applied correctly, the ears, nose and mouth should remain completely open.