Effective time management. Order in the workplace
Not only actions, words and gestures can speak about a person’s character, his internal problems, personal integrity, creative or business qualities, but also workplace. Of course, this method of drawing conclusions about a person cannot be called 100% correct, but it represents a certain curiosity and will help you at least figure out which person belongs to this or that table. So, what should you pay attention to first?
Working tools on the table
In order to draw conclusions about a person, look first on the ergonomics of the workspace. If everything you need is located in such a way that it can be “reached by the shortest route,” a person values time. He is organized and purposeful, knows what he wants and how to get it. The versatility of tools suggests that a person uses a minimum of means to achieve the desired result. This could be a secretary's marker pen, a housewife's fork-scraper, a mechanic's multi-tool and other multifunctional tools.
In that case, when there are not only basic tools on the work surface, but nothing at all, and everything is hidden in the drawers of the table - the owner of such a table probably has problems with communication. He is closed to contact and does not want to be contacted. inner world worried. In communication, such people are always even and calm; they are sometimes called “crackers.” The storms of emotions that they experience inside are invisible to others, but sometimes the latter are faced with the result of these “storms” - unpredictable actions, sudden nervous breakdowns.
Order in the workplace
There is such a thing among people as “ artistic disorder" This is not a completely correct definition. There are two types of disorder: apparent and real.
If it seems to you that you see a complete “mess”, but at the same time the owner of the workplace can eyes closed to find the necessary thing in all this confusion is evidence of a rebellious spirit, a creative personality, and the ability to think outside the box. Such a person does not like to act in a stereotyped way.
When does it appear before your eyes? real chaos, in which leftover food, last year's magazines and important documents, in these ruins it is impossible to find keys or mobile phone, everything is dusted with a fair layer of dust - in front of you is the workplace of an infantile person. He is weak-willed, capricious, eccentric and, often, is someone with high self-esteem. Although, alternatively, this could be a person who is completely disconnected from real life. Similar phenomenon often found among homeworkers (freelancers) in the IT sector.
The complete opposite of a creative person or “infanta” is a conservative. Him everything in order, alphabetically, by color and size. If this concerns the home, then all the shelves with clothes, shoes, and dishes are in perfect order, and any thing you accidentally move returns to its place with or without irritation. This person is hostile or afraid of everything new, and any violation usual course life can unsettle him.
Personal items in the workplace
Too much a large number of souvenirs, postcards from other countries and cities, family or other photographs speaks of excessive sentimentality and reluctance to part with the past (as a rule, this is typical of ladies).
Plus, such people often re-experience mistakes they once made and tend to delve into themselves until they are in a state close to depression. Some representatives of the fair sex like to place personal items on the table, such as lipsticks and other cosmetics, which are usually hidden rather than put on public display. This behavior suggests that, most likely, the lady feels a lack of attention.
Let's look at another interesting detail. If a person has it on his desk there are few things, but they lie in almost all corners of space, as if indicating its boundaries, perhaps the owner of such a table is the owner. He shows that he will not simply give up his territory (and therefore his things) to anyone (we emphasize that possessiveness and greed are completely different things). Also, such an algorithm of behavior may indicate the reluctance of the owner of the table to get close to people, the desire to keep them at a distance.
For office workers, the type of workplace is dictated by corporate rules. In some cases, right down to color notebooks. But if you observe such employees, you will notice that each of them, depending on their length of service, gradually, if possible, “furnishes” their corner of the office with various little things. These could be flowerpots with flowers, or figurines, or stickers on the monitor, or photographs of the family. Even from such trifles, one can conclude whether a person treats the workplace as something permanent or whether he believes that it is temporary.
Take a closer look at everything that surrounds the person you are interested in. Sometimes things say more about the owner than he can tell about himself. In addition to the desktop, this, of course, applies to personal belongings, including watches. Find out about their owner. Such observations train attention, the ability to analyze and teach you to find mutual language With different people. And this, you see, is a very useful acquisition.
In the West there is a specialty called “professional organizer.” He helps clients organize their rooms and offices, organize their paper and electronic files, and develop a personalized scheduling system.
Lisa Zaslow is one of these specialists.
Research shows that the average person loses an hour a day due to disorganization. At the same time, people get terribly annoyed when they can’t find something. But it takes much less time to put things in order.
Lisa Zaslav
Rule 1. Arrange everything correctly
The monitor should be at eye level and 43–45 cm away from you.
Place frequently used items, such as your phone or office supplies, on your dominant hand. It’s convenient: you don’t have to stretch, dumping everything around.
Rule 2. Use stationery wisely
Do you really need 10 pens, a letter opener and a stapler every day? Keep on your desk only those office supplies that you use daily. Fold the rest into a pencil case and put it away on the table, or better yet, somewhere far away.
Getting up from your desk to grab a pencil or paperclip will temporarily take your mind off the project you're working on. This will allow you to look at it from a new angle when you return.
Amy Trager, professional organizer from Chicago
Another expert, Andrew Mellen, emphasizes that it is better when employees stockpile office stationery in one place (common chest of drawers or shelving), and not each in its own drawers.
Rule 3. Use sticky notes for notes without fanaticism
Covering your monitor with colorful pieces of paper like a bulletin board is neither useful nor productive.
When there are too many reminders, they are useless.
Emmy Treyger
Be moderate - only make sticky notes with important short-term reminders.
Rule 4. Don't overdo it with personal belongings
It is important to maintain a balance between professional and personal life at work. It's difficult.
Family photos, souvenirs from vacations and other pleasant little things warm the soul and lift the mood during the working day. However, overly memorable things that evoke a storm of memories are too distracting.
The gaze glides over objects, and the brain processes information, even if we are not aware of it.
Lisa Zaslav
Keep no more than three personal items on your desk.
Rule 5. Regulate “communication” with email
Email is still . But it can wreak havoc on productivity if you're constantly distracted by emails.
Life hacker and professional organizers: check your email twice a day at certain hours. The rest of the time should be spent working.
Yes! And turn off notifications so as not to destroy the thread state.
Rule 6: Leave free space for paperwork
Sometimes the desktop is so busy that there is no place to sign or write a document by hand.
Have an unoccupied island on the right or left (depending on whether you are right-handed or left-handed). It doesn’t have to be big - a rectangle of 30 × 40 cm is quite enough for paper work.
Rule 7. Organize your work processes
Do not keep documents on hand that are not related to your current work. When the table is littered with papers from the year before, past, present and future projects, chaos ensues. To avoid this, experts recommend grouping documents into folders:
- important and urgent;
- urgent and unimportant;
- important and non-urgent;
- not urgent and unimportant.
Store these folders in a dedicated organizer rather than stacked on top of each other to make document management easier.
Rule 8. Clean up as often as possible
Clutter helped create and. But such examples are rare.
For most people, reducing concentration and productivity. Regularly ask yourself if everything is in its place on your desk?
Even if a person does not notice the disorder, it still affects him.
Andrew Mellen
For clarity, we have expressed the described hacks in graphics. Print it out and hang it ABOVE your desk.
Good afternoon friends! The topic of today's article is organizing a computer workplace. I hope the information will be useful not only to office workers and remote workers, but also to attentive parents and everyone who comes into contact with a PC in one way or another.
Beautiful pictures on the topic of remote work present us with a girl comfortably lounging on the sofa with a laptop, and next to her there is also a baby, not taking her eyes off the monitor.
But this work environment you can’t call it anything, and besides, everyone knows that doing this is harmful. Let's not succumb to provocation and will analyze in order how to create a business corner so that you can be in front of the computer with minimal losses to your health.
In the office
Office workers who spend at least 8 hours in front of a monitor risk damaging their eyesight and posture. In addition, not all employers pay due attention to equipment installation standards. But to limit harm to health, make the most of the recommendations of experts:
1. Computers in the room should be no closer than 2 meters from each other, and in no case opposite.
2. It is advisable to install the monitor in a corner.
3. 50 cm is the minimum distance from the eyes to the screen.
4. Place the keyboard 10 - 30 cm from you.
5. The system unit and other PC elements should not be placed close to a wall or other objects to avoid overheating.
6. The office must have adequate ventilation and air humidification. If this is not enough, ventilate the room.
7. Window and lamp light should fall from the left.
8. In rooms without natural light, you need to combine general (ceiling) and task (wall, table) light. It is desirable that it should not be directed, but diffuse.
9. Install a footrest if the employer has not taken care of this.
10. The laser printer emits harmful radiation, and it is advisable to install it as far as possible from the desk, preferably in a separate room. An inkjet printer is not harmful. When placing, keep in mind: both of them are afraid of dust, direct sunlight and proximity to heating devices.
11. If you are right-handed, place your phone and organizer to your right.
At home
At home, it is much easier to properly arrange your workplace. And doing this is no less important, because those who process some of the documentation on the weekend or are busy have to sit at the computer for a long time.
If conditions permit, separate the work area from the bedroom. This will benefit you too, and less dust will accumulate in your equipment. In the absence of a separate room, you can use a partition. In the photo, part of the loggia is reserved for the office.
A competent space design will not only put you in a businesslike mood, but will also protect your health. Remember good lighting. White ceiling, light walls (beige, light green, lemon colors are recommended) reflect light well, which is important for the eyes. Psychologists unanimously claim that the color green creates a calm environment and at the same time increases productivity.
Be sure to place your computer in a well-lit area and place the light on the left side, close to the front edge of the monitor.
Contrary to popular belief, flowers do not protect against harmful radiation, and in modern PC models it is small. Therefore, instead of thickets on the windowsill, it is better to place one small plant to maintain air humidity, for example, aloe.
Purchase furniture in accordance with the standards:
12. A computer desk must be between 680 and 800 mm in height, have a working surface depth of at least 600 mm, and a width of at least 1,200 mm. It’s good if there is a separate pull-out shelf for the keyboard.
13. Instead of a chair, use a special chair that is adjustable in height, distance from the back to the front edge of the seat and the angle of the backrest. A quality chair has armrests, a rounded front seat surface, and is covered in non-electrifying fabric that is easy to clean.
Creative people will find it useful to place ideas near the table that can be written down or put on sticky notes. And, of course, a couple of inspiring little things: your vacation photo or any beautiful object. And the productivity of freelancing will increase a couple of motivating quotes.
Yes, working from home requires powerful self-stimulation - otherwise there is a danger of becoming lazy. Perhaps communication will give you new strength.
Rules for parents
By spending a lot of time at the computer, we unwittingly set an example for children. Alas, in modern society It will not be possible to “take and cancel” this technique for minors. But protect them from harmful effects can be done using the following rules:
14. The main rule: the computer should not be a primary interest for children. Develop other hobbies in a timely manner.
15. Remember the dangers of a child spending a long time at the computer. A first grader is allowed to communicate with a “friend” for half an hour a day; after 15 minutes, at least a 10-minute break is required. For schoolchildren over 12 years old - 2 hours, duration of one session - up to 30 minutes.
16. The lighting in the room should be sufficient, but not excessive. You can't sit at a computer in a dark room!
17. Furniture must be appropriate for the child’s height (see picture).
18. There should be enough space for knees under the table.
19. Make sure that your child’s feet reach the floor; use a special footrest.
20. Even sitting in an orthopedic chair, a child may slouch - control his posture.
The following figure shows how to sit at the computer correctly.
Order in the workplace
Try to keep only necessary items on the table. Minimalism increases focus on the process. Here is an example of obvious overkill.
If you don’t print documents too often, you can place the printer on a nearby table - it will be an extra reason to get up and stretch.
Avoid the habit of eating and drinking in front of a screen. This has been shown to interfere with the normal absorption of food. And, of course, it’s dangerous for technology (especially sweet tea for laptops).
Do not forget about timely cleaning using special napkins.
Safety precautions when working at a computer
Safety rules are often the last thing we think about. But, if a fire caused by improper operation seems to be something incredible, then equipment breakdown is quite common. Therefore, adhere to simple rules:
21. Before starting work, make sure that the electrical wiring is in good condition, the socket and plug are not cracked, the wires are not hanging over the edge of the table, or lying on the floor, where there is a danger of crushing them with something heavy.
22. In a house with small children, an outlet with protection from external influences is desirable.
23. Cords should not come into contact with heating devices to avoid damage.
24. Avoid overloading the network with household appliances, as this may lead to overheating of the wires, which will lead to a fire if the automation is not working.
25. You cannot work on a computer with visible external damage.
26. Do not place foreign objects on the system unit: this interferes with normal cooling and damages the PC.
27. Do not work in a damp room or with wet hands.
28. Do not place liquids (water in a cooler or tea in a glass) near the computer.
29. Remove dust from all areas of your computer in a timely manner. Clean the system unit as needed (about once a year).
30. Do not leave the computer running for a long time and do not abuse shutdown - use sleep mode.
No matter how comfortable you sit in a cozy chair, keep in mind that prolonged sedentary work increases fatigue. Therefore, even if you are carried away by an interesting task, do not spare time for rest. Sometimes, during short-term gymnastics or walking, the thought works even better than when concentrating on the letters.
Therefore, dear colleagues, follow the following advice from doctors:
31. Try to take breaks from work every 1.5 - 2 hours. If this is difficult in the office, at least change your position more often, stretch, turn in your chair, and do leg exercises.
32. Don't forget about your eyes: blink more often while working, allow yourself to look away from the screen for a couple of minutes and close your eyes. In this case, it is useful to do various exercises: rotate the pupils clockwise and counterclockwise, gently tap on the head with the pads of your fingers, lightly press on the eyelids.
33. When looking through papers while working, keep them on stands to reduce strain on your eyes. If you have to read a lot of texts that do not require continuous editing, it is better to print them out.
34. The neck becomes stiff from sedentary work - to avoid this, from time to time it is recommended to turn it in different sides, raise and lower your shoulders.
35. After finishing working with the computer, do not rush to immediately relax in front of the TV - it is better to relax a little with your eyes closed, take a walk, listen to silence or do physical labor.
And remember that for busy people sedentary work, active weekends and vacations are very useful. Be in nature, travel.
Subscribe, we are glad to be useful to you!
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CHAPTER TWO. Where to start with workplace rationalization.
We divide the review of work on rationalizing workplaces into three parts in order of increasing difficulty: first of all, the layout and general organization of the workplace in production; further - rationalization through partial restructuring of the workplace using various devices, and finally - reconstruction, i.e. complete restructuring of the workplace, transferring one type of workplace to another, more advanced one, through complete mechanization of the workplace.
But before we rationalize our workplace, we must clearly imagine what basic work has to be performed at a given workplace, how specialized this workplace is (original, serial or mass production); what materials, tools, devices you have to deal with; degree of mechanization of the workplace. Make yourself a drawing of the workplace, mark the location of tools, fixtures, workpieces and the finished product on it. Determine the tool most often used in work, find out how convenient it is, etc., and after that try to identify the shortcomings of the existing workplace organization and gradually find ways to eliminate these shortcomings.
With a rationalization approach to the workplace, we first of all pose the question: is it possible to use the existing equipment of the workplace more profitably, more economically and with greater convenience for the worker by eliminating the completely obvious losses due to the elementary disorganization of the workplace. And almost always we can, without introducing essentially anything new, almost without any material costs, mainly through rearrangement and appropriate care, to create a more normal work environment, meaning by this order, cleanliness, and a more expedient arrangement of things in the workplace for the given work being performed.
We begin work on rationalizing the workplace by organizing the care of the workplace (a culture of cleanliness and order in the workplace, regular repairs and updating of work equipment, the introduction of simple devices for maintaining order and for constant care of the workplace, etc.). Organizing this type of workplace care is of great importance. At CIT, every cadet knows this and does it, and when he comes to the plant, he fights for order and cleanliness in his workplace. But what is completely indisputable for a Cyto cadet often has to be proven to an old worker, for whom such things as keeping a workbench clean and tidy are trifles, a trifle. Let us cite what we consider to be a characteristic excerpt from a letter from one of the CIT cadets working at one of the factories near Moscow. Here's what he writes:
“...Now about order in the workplace. I work at a common workbench, where there is complete chaos - “a soldier with a sword will fall down” - as they say in the village. It was unpleasant for me to work at such a workbench, but putting things in order on a common workbench is not so easy. I then took a rag and marked my area of work. I immediately became happier and my work went better. The old instructor, who has been working at this plant for 30 years (by the way, is not good at keeping cleanliness and order), saw me cleaning the workbench and said nothing. Soon I was transferred to another part of the workbench. There I saw even more chaos. I set about cleanliness there too. The foreman comes up (by the way, he worked in American factories), watches me clean the workbench with a rag, and asks:
-Have you finished your work yet?
I answered:
- No, I haven’t finished, but I’m making my job easier, otherwise you’ll put it downThere’s a chisel in front of you and you’re looking for it yourself, wasting time.
In response I heard: “Yes, that’s true...”
To many, all this will seem elementary simple, well-known and not worthy of serious attention from the organizer. But it is precisely from this simple thing, from eliminating these examples of disorder, “trifles” and “trifles” that we begin the work of rationalizing the workplace and our slogan:“Don’t try to make a revolution right away, start with trifles.”
As an illustration, we give an example that shows how important at least the habit of order in the workplace is for a worker’s productivity. Prof. Messiau cites the following case: in one factory in Sydney, where work was done on a piece-rate basis, one worker usually earned 50% more than his fellow workers. He strained his strength no more than the rest of his comrades, the pace of his work seemed even slower than theirs, and he seemed to tire less. What was this worker's secret?
It turns out that this worker, having come to work in the morning, spent the first half hour collecting and arranging in order all the materials and all his tools that he needed in his work during the day. So he had everything he needed at hand during the workday. He knew where to reach out to take this or that tool, because, having used the tool, he immediately put it back in place. As a result, by keeping his things in order at his workplace, working with less stress and less haste, he produced approximately 50% more than his colleagues.
So, let us remember: “before you master any lofty matters regarding normalization and mechanization, you need to work on creating the culture of your workplace, your work, workshop.
There are two golden rules to remember:
1) cleaning and
2) order.
If these conditions are not met, then one can talk about the scientific organization of labor only by mocking this organization.”
Cleanliness in the workplace is the first step of rationalization.
Often, when we begin to streamline our workplace, we pay too little attention to simple, all available opportunities to streamline our work and our jobs. Meanwhile, success often largely depends on the implementation of a number of simple events, but the general organization of work great job according to rationalization, and therefore it is about them that we need to begin, any rationalization.
We are talking, first of all, about the simplest things: about dirt and landfills in our neglected and dark workshops and workplaces. about disorder and sloppiness, about the complete absence of any kind of cleanliness in the workplaces in our production.
Meanwhile, “cleanliness is the very initial attitude of the organization.” Every business must begin with it.
The introduction of cleanliness into production in our conditions is the very first practical step, any kind of rationalization of production, and in particular jobs, and the most necessary prerequisite for further reconstruction (restructuring) of production. First of all, we consider the introduction of cleanliness in production as one of the ways to introduce a general culture into the production environment, as a means of cultural installation of production. It does not require evidence in its defense, and not only from a sanitary and hygienic (occupational safety) point of view.
For us, cleanliness in production is a means of organizational improvement of work, a method that makes work easier and increases productivity. Furthermore, the cleanliness of the working area and the cleanliness of the work must be considered as a certain means of increasing the efficiency of the worker.
In fact: a clean, bright room, satisfying the cultural needs of the worker, creates in him a greater readiness for work, a greater desire than a dirty room. A clean room, a clean workplace force us to tighten ourselves up, prevent us from remaining slobs, force us to be economical in our movements.
Clear the workshop and workplace of garbage dumps, wash the windows, whitewash the ceiling and walls - this alone should inspire both the worker and the director for further order.
Of course, no rationalization and reconstruction of production is possible in a dirty, sloppy, simply disordered enterprise. Dirt, sloppiness and disorder destroy the most perfect organization of production. And in most cases, our production environment is such that, with its disorganizing effect on the workforce, it in no way contributes to the strengthening and implementation of the most basic cultural skills in production (cleanliness in the workplace, order, respect for tools, constant care of the workplace etc.).
It is necessary to remake this environment, this production environment, which decomposes and disorganizes the behavior of the worker, to remake it in such a way that this work environment becomes a school for creating cultural skills among the workforce in production.
Our task comes down to creating, first of all, a workplace culture in the workforce in the sense of cultivating the habit of cleaning and tidying one’s workplace, both before work, during work and after work.
We are still not cultured enough both at work and at home, and this is primarily reflected in the fact that we do not know how to take care of our workplace where we work. This care must also be learned, just as one learns any new job.
At CIT, for example, every cadet learns how to take care of his workplace. During his training, he becomes so accustomed to having his entire workplace in order and clean that the habit of cleanliness and order in the workplace already becomes part of his method of work as an organic part of his production behavior.
Finding himself from TsIT to production, often in a dirty and disorderly factory environment, a Tsitov cadet strives to maintain the attitude of cleanliness and order instilled in him at TsIT and sometimes encounters hefty resistance from both his neighbors at work and the foreman.
He has to endure real battles before he can assert in the shop his right to work in a clean workplace. His attempts to clean his workplace and constantly maintain this cleanliness are considered as a challenge to the existing work procedures established by his fathers and grandfathers, and are met with a hail of ridicule from old workers, and sometimes, as the cadets write, “malicious actions.”
To see what condition our workplace is usually kept in, it’s worth looking at the workbench in the first workshop you come across. Heaps of dirt and garbage are mixed with piles of necessary and unnecessary things piled randomly on the workbench. Along with the measuring tools needed for work - sawdust, garbage, breakfast leftovers, a mug, etc. In the drawers of the workbench, cabinets and on the shelves - a pile of randomly thrown tools, completely unnecessary parts of various products, dirty rags and often parts of the worker’s clothing.
Thanks to the pollution and disorder that usually reigns in the workplace, the worker is forced to interrupt his work more and more when he needs to find something among the heaps of things and garbage randomly scattered on the workbench. This state of the workplace degrades all work and affects the serviceability of the instrument (especially the measuring instrument) and the quality of the product. There is no constant (regular) cleaning of the workplace. Piles of garbage remain on the workbench for weeks and months.
Every day the worker has some time, paid by the company, specifically for cleaning and tidying up machines and equipment. Unfortunately, in our country this time is not always used for its intended purpose; workers often use the time allotted for cleaning for work. A dirty and sloppy workbench and machine in the workshop does not hurt anyone’s eyes; This state of the workplace is almost considered natural and we have received all the rights of citizenship.
Therefore, in our conditions, cleanliness at work and in the workplace is
truly the first step of rationalization, accessible to everyone
to the worker.
A worker’s workplace is his production passport: a sloppy, dirty workplace is a poor characterization of the worker who works there.
We say: organizer, do you want to reorganize production? Start with cleanliness; This will make your future work easier. You can introduce new machines, new methods of production, but remember that all this can drown in dirt if you do not complete your reorganization by cleaning and instilling the habit of maintaining cleanliness and order.”
Don't imagine yourself as an organizer until you've cleaned up your workspace.
It is necessary to declare a decisive and persistent struggle for a clean floor in the workshop, for clean windows, for clean workplaces, for the daily sweeping of garbage and dirt.
It is necessary to introduce the simplest things into production - a rag, a brush, a bucket of water - and with them begin a cultural remake of the workplace.
Here, in no case should you limit yourself to a week or a month of cleanliness, but it is necessary to systematically hammer away day after day in order to achieve tangible results, so that cleanliness in the workshop and in the workplace becomes a constant rule, and not an accident.
Order in the workplace is the basis for high productivity.
What does order in the workplace mean? This means that at your workplace you have such an arrangement of equipment necessary for work, in which everything you need for work is at hand; everything you need can be found immediately; nothing bothers you while you work, nothing forces you to needlessly take time off from work.
To create a culture of order in the workplace means - without any complex costs and capital alterations, by rearranging things, by making greater adaptation of what we have at hand, to create an organization that would save the unproductively expended energy of the worker and increase productivity surrounding him in the production of things.
Order in production, as we understand it, means better, more rational use of what is under the runes, best use and the organization of the work environment surrounding us in production...
In the end result, it is the degree of use of the existing work environment, things available in the workshop and at the workplace that is an indicator of the organization of the enterprise. The importance of order in production does not need to be particularly proven: from the point of view of purely production, order means the elimination of many production losses, the creation of more rational production behavior of the workforce, increasing productivity, and reducing defects. From the point of view of the interests of the cultural installation of production, order will serve as a means of raising the organizational and production culture of the workforce; from the point of view of the interests of the workforce, the introduction of order will mean easier working conditions, increased productivity, greater safety, greater earnings, etc.
Clutter in production costs us a lot. Undoubtedly, our factory reality needs the most basic ordering. Too often and too many examples of disorder, neglect, and confusion we see where the most basic order is needed.
Despite the fact that we are still poor and limited in funds, we are still very wasteful: even what we have, we often cannot use expediently and completely.
Our workshops and workplaces are stupidly cluttered with all kinds of rubbish, sometimes having absolutely nothing to do with the work currently being performed. Amid this hopeless chaos, the worker’s movements are helplessly and completely unproductively confused. Of course, constant losses of things necessary for work are absolutely inevitable here; Quite often it is absolutely impossible to find any little thing needed for work in this dump. The worker's work attitude is lost every time the worker. You have to look for the necessary tools and devices. There can be no habitual, automatic movements that save the worker’s energy here, in such conditions. Garbage cemeteries at workplaces, where necessary things are often mixed together with unnecessary waste material, uselessly occupy both floor space and volume - all this lies as dead capital, requires maintenance, interferes with movement and disorganizes work.
The small number of available warehouses and various devices for storing inventory, the ill-considered, disorderly arrangement of all these storage places in the workplace, insufficient capacity and disorder inside all these warehouses, drawers and shelves - all this constitutes a common picture in many of our factories, a picture that shows the lack of any - or installation of even the most basic order in the workplace.
In the materials of CIT organizations that examined various enterprises and carried out a system of measures to streamline production, we find the following typical characteristic of the usual disorder in our workplaces:
“Disorganized tool storage; absence for each specific place; cluttering shelves with old, unusable tools and foreign objects; irrational placement of the tool.
Most of the equipment lies with the worker under the machine; You have to search for a long time because everything is in disarray. There is a lack of a sufficient number of cartridges, a set of gears, clamps, mandrels, as well as strips and clamping bolts, which is why workers needlessly walk around the workshops looking for the necessary devices. Often, in order not to look for it, a turner makes himself again some small device that he already had before. The rest, larger, rarely needed devices are in the yard in disarray on shelves under a canopy.” As a result of this disorder, there may be cases when an individual turner at the factory, in his bed and drawers, accumulates for years large stocks of expensive and extremely necessary tools that he will never need in his work. All this becomes so commonplace that we no longer attach any importance to such “little things.” But it is indisputable that the lack of elementary order, which we ourselves can introduce by more intelligently using what we have in the workshop, serves as a source of unproductive losses for production. So, let's remember:
Accustoming a worker to cleanliness and order in the workplace means laying the foundation for high productivity!
How to create a culture of order and cleanliness in the workplace.
A culture of order and cleanliness in the workplace requires the worker to:
1) caring for the workplace in the sense of constantly maintaining a certain order and
2) careful attitude towards the things surrounding him in production. By caring for things we mean economically feasible storage and use of things. The worker's care for his workplace in the sense of constantly organizing this workplace gradually leads the worker to the question of organizing this workplace.
In most cases, we are usually in captivity of randomly piled things in the workshop and at the workplace; order gives us the opportunity to subjugate both the working area and the things located on the working area, and use them and our energy more rationally.
Do not be embarrassed by the fact that in the workshop where you work, no one cleans their workspace and no one follows the basic rules of order and cleanliness, the rules of basic care of the workplace.
Stay for half an hour tomorrow after the beep and take care of your work place. Do a general cleaning and cleaning, put all your equipment in good condition, think about organizing your workplace, arrange it in an order convenient for your work, and you will immediately feel relief: it will become more pleasant and easier for you to work!
In Fig. In Fig. 5 we show an ordinary workplace, as it would normally be for a sloppy worker, and below - in Fig. 6 - an orderly workplace for a mechanic.
Caring for the workplace involves observing the following rules:
1. Do not keep anything superfluous or unnecessary for work in your workplace.
2. Keep your work area tidy and clean.
3. Always have tools for cleaning your workplace on hand.
4. Regularly repair and update your workplace equipment.
Let's take a closer look at these 4 rules:
1. Do not keep anything superfluous or unnecessary for work in your workplace.
First of all, unload your workplace from clearly unnecessary things - this is the first step towards overall organization of the workplace. Take into account everything that is really needed for the work you are doing, select the necessary tools and devices, down to the smallest things, in sufficient quantities for the job. Move all things remaining at work places to their designated places. Give each item a specific place. All things are registered, in certain places, under a number. Keep all the equipment you need for work in a closet or drawer, and take it out as needed. There should be nothing superfluous in the workplace. Remove everything unnecessary and superfluous from the toolboxes from the workplace, from under the workbench, and put it in a warehouse or throw it in a waste bin. Not everything that usually lies at our workplaces needs to be stored. Often dozens and hundreds of items lie in the workplace without movement and without need (“Maybe it will come in handy!” “It’s a pity to throw it away!”) and they cause nothing but harm and loss. These sticky things bring confusion and disorder, and in them lies the source of disorder and disorganization. Only what is really needed for work should be stored (in sufficient quantity and prepared in advance).
Declare a merciless fight against everything that has nothing to do with this work. In the future, do not allow things that are unnecessary for work to accumulate in your workplace. From time to time, check the drawers, floor, workbench, make sure that only those things that are needed for this job at the moment remain at your workplace.
2. Keep your work area tidy and clean.
A dirty and sloppy workplace impairs the quality of the product and degrades the worker by its very appearance. A clean workplace makes work easier and gives good installation and a cheerful working mood.
Cleaning the workplace means achieving a complete absence of dust, dirt, and debris. Putting things in order in the workplace means having a specific place for each thing. We contrast this rule with our usual situation, when in the workplace very often the same thing does not have its permanent residence - “here today, and there tomorrow!” And every time, to find her, you need to waste time and energy. To ensure that every thing is truly always in its place.
Arrange tools, materials and accessories in a certain order so that everything you need is always at hand. Maintain a specific routine for each job. Make sure that this routine becomes a habit and becomes automatic. Always ensure that all equipment at the workplace is in its designated places - before work, during work, after work.
Before starting work, carefully prepare and set up the workplace and the equipment necessary for the upcoming work every day: “sweep away dust and dirt from the workplace with a brush or a rag, wipe the working and measuring tools, long-term tools and all accessories with a rag, put all things in their places in in strict order, convenient for your work.
While working, maintain this order and cleanliness: do not throw the tool anywhere, but carefully place it in a certain place. If you see that everything is mixed up in the workplace and is difficult to find the right thing, - stop working for one or two minutes, sort out the pile, put all the things in order and continue working. Make sure that during work the tools (especially measuring ones), materials and accessories do not become unnecessarily dirty with dust and sawdust. If you see that shortly after starting work, piles of shavings have appeared in the workplace that interfere with your work, take a short break from work, clean the workplace, and the work will go better. At the end of the work, clean and put in order the workplace and all the equipment you worked with (working and measuring tools, devices). Don’t let undisassembled heaps of tools, equipment, and materials lie around your workplace for weeks and months. Wipe the measuring tool with an oily rag, wipe the working tool and the product with a dry rag or ends. Place tools, materials, and accessories in boxes, where they should be kept in order and clean, each in its own specific place, so as not to look for them the next day. Use a brush to sweep away dust, debris, sawdust from the workbench into a special dustpan, and then into the trash bin; shake off the debris and dust from the brush and rag and: together with the dustpan, place them in the place where they wheeze. Don't leave work until you've cleaned and organized your work area. Before leaving, bring your workplace (machine, workbench) to a non-working position. There should be no extraneous objects in the workplace during non-working hours.
As a rule, the storage of stocks of tools at workplaces, for example in drawers of workbenches, in cabinets at machine tools, etc., should be gradually eliminated, so that the tool is at the workplace only during work, and is collected the rest of the time in the warehouse for the convenience of monitoring its serviceability and timely repairs.
That is why, for example, CIT does not allow any storage at the metalworking workplace, with the exception of a small drawer for storing auxiliary material (chalk, vitriol) and cleaning equipment (rag, brush, dustpan).
3. Have workplace maintenance equipment at your workplace.
Always have at your workplace the following devices for caring for the workplace (for example, for a mechanic): a simple rag or ends (for wiping a tool), an oiled rag (for wiping a measuring tool), a brush for sweeping away dust and sawdust, a dustpan (a tray made of plywood), oil for lubrication. Set aside specific places for all this. Make sure that you have a box at your workplace for garbage and production waste (shavings, sawdust). Remember that having a rag on your workbench is as important to your work as having a hammer and file for a mechanic.
debris and sawdust from below do not spoil the instrument, - arrange a stand for the instrument; This kind of stand for finished products can be made in the form of a grid on the floor.
In Fig. Figure 7 shows a special device that makes it easier to maintain the workplace, used when working on a turret machine.
4. Regularly repair and update your work equipment.
During repairs, work equipment increases its performance. Do not bring the tool to such a state where it no longer helps in the work, but spoils it.
Remember: a broken hammer, a dull file, a file with a broken handle, a dull cutter, a loose workbench; or a machine - all this is reflected in the accuracy and speed of work. Keep all your equipment in constant working readiness: prevent breakdowns and damage; Correct and replace unusable equipment with new ones in a timely manner.
(But this in no way means that each workplace should have its own repair shop, regardless of the existence of a special tool room. As a rule, only minor routine repairs can be carried out at the workplace, for example, refilling a cutter, cleaning files by uprooting, and all periodic and major renovation must of course be done in a tool workshop.)
Carefully inspect and check critical equipment every day before starting work and at the end of work. Treat your workplace with care, in particular, use every item for its intended purpose. Every item in the workplace must be used for its intended purpose. Everyone knows the cases when a sledgehammer on a short wooden handle is used instead of a hammer for chopping and riveting, and a wrench is used instead of a hammer, and a hammer and a file are used as levers for screwing, etc. Do not allow rusty parts to appear at your workplace or a rusty tool.
How to maintain order in the workplace?
The thoughtful arrangement of things in the workshop and at the workplace needs to be fixed so that this layout, this established order becomes permanent. There are various ways to do this in practice:
A. Designation of individual storage areas for tools, workpieces and other equipment by coloring workplace or individual areas; for example, paint all or part of the workbench in grey colour or paint around the work area or individual areas, paint around the contours of tools to indicate where they are stored, for example on a wrench panel (see Fig. 8), paint areas of the machine that require, for example, lubrication; in some cases it is useful to mark, for example on a loom, the places for daily lubrication with white paint, and the places for weekly lubrication with red paint, in order to streamline the care of the loom, in particular the lubrication of the loom; looting: for example, it is very useful to “draw the area of the workbench tabletop into squares with lines; this makes it possible to arrange inventory more rationally and helps maintain the order of inventory in the workplace; inscriptions and numbering of inventory: for example, in the box where the tool is stored, make an inscription or symbol, where exactly and what kind of tool should be stored, which will also help strengthen order (see Fig. 9 and 10).
B. The use of various devices that determine the order of storage of things. For example, a simple device for marking the storage location of a tool in the form of a wire stand; this device protects the instrument from dirt and damage, makes it more comfortable to grip the instrument and accurately determines its location (see Fig. 11).
Sometimes it is useful to enclose the floor area with a fence to designate a specific place for storing things or, for example, to arrange a flooring or grate on the floor where we put the things being processed. For measuring instruments, you can use devices in the form of a wooden shelf attached to the workplace, or in the form of a pencil case - a wooden case with sockets for the tool.
A device for drawing cards - in the form of a frame attached to the workplace. Special boxes, chests, racks, cabinets and shelves for storing tools, fixtures and all kinds of accessories. Use whatever you have on hand as workplace tools.
B. Development of an instruction card describing the rules for keeping the workplace in order. Each worker can make himself a drawing of the layout of his workplace and indicate where and what should be located; hang this drawing in your workplace so that it is always in front of your eyes; compose for yourself brief instructions on caring for the workplace and be guided by it in your work. (See, for example, a sample instruction card for caring for a mechanic’s workplace - Fig. 12.)
