Tips for oral hygiene: instructions for caring for your teeth, the right choice of products. Self-cleaning of dental surfaces

According to dentists, main reason oral diseases is the activity of microbes. AT oral cavity there are about 300 species of various microorganisms. But in normal conditions when a person is healthy, this ecosystem is balanced. But if the balance is disturbed, growth begins certain types microbes that can cause pathological processes, disease-causing.

An imbalance can be caused, for example, regular use carbohydrate, sugary foods. Colonies of microbes, along with their metabolic products, which have an acid-base component, settle in the form of deposits throughout the oral cavity. They cover the gums, the surface of the tongue, cheeks, as well as the outer and inner surface teeth.

To fight against dental deposits, individual and professional oral hygiene is called upon. In this way, hygiene procedures are the most important factor kill bacteria and stop their growth.

Rules personal hygiene are known to everyone and consist in the correct and regular brushing of teeth and gums at home. Most of us turn to professional hygiene when there are clear signs bacterial damage. Well, others resort to professional hygiene to whiten their teeth. In addition, professional hygiene is necessarily carried out at the beginning of all measures for the rehabilitation of the oral cavity.

The procedure for this type of hygiene is performed by special group dentists who are called "hygienists". They have an extensive range of hygiene products.

For example, in their arsenal there is always a set of professional toothbrushes with different bristle stiffness and various forms, special oral irrigators, ultrasonic and combined devices designed to clean teeth, whiten them and remove tartar. In addition, they use special therapeutic ointments, abrasive toothpastes, dental floss for cleaning braces, etc.

The main task of the procedures professional hygiene is:

Thorough mechanical cleaning of the teeth and the entire oral cavity from soft bacterial plaque, elimination of hard dental deposits (tartar), in order to prevent the development of major diseases - caries and periodontal disease.

Before the actual procedure, the mouth is rinsed with a special antiseptic solution. Then, during the procedure, if necessary, carry out local anesthesia. To do this, use sprays, gels or injection anesthesia.

What does professional hygiene include?

The hygienist performs the procedure as follows:

With the help of a special toothpaste, soft plaque is removed;

Then, with the help of the Airflow device, supragingival soft and hard deposits are removed. The device works with the help of a strong jet of a mixture of water and a special soda agent, which are fed simultaneously.

Then the subgingival plaque is removed. This procedure is called scaling and is carried out using a special ultrasonic device.

After that, the enamel and restorations on the teeth are polished. The procedure is carried out using special pastes;

Then the teeth are covered with fluoride-containing varnish or remineralizing agents.

The procedure of professional hygiene is necessary for several reasons:

Firstly, she is initial stage any complex of dental procedures.

Elimination of deposits on tooth enamel has a beneficial effect on the health of periodontal tissues. At the same time, it happens accelerated process enrichment of enamel with minerals.

Secondly, the removal of deposits allows you to more accurately identify hidden carious lesions that were not visible due to plaque. It also helps to more accurately determine the shade of the enamel, which is very important when restoring a tooth or prosthetics.

How often should professional oral hygiene be performed?

You should visit a specialist in this field at least once every six months. If a bracket system is installed in the oral cavity, the procedure should be carried out 1 time in 3 months. If necessary, the doctor may schedule more frequent visits. But this is decided on an individual basis.

Also at the reception, the specialist will teach the rules of oral hygiene to prevent the occurrence of plaque. After examining, he, based on the condition of the patient's teeth, will recommend the necessary toothbrush a certain hardness and the right toothpaste. The doctor will teach you how to independently perform finger massage, which is important for gum health.

You also yourself should not forget about simple, but important rules prevention dental diseases. Including: the need to brush your teeth after each meal, gum massage. You should also remember that the brush should be replaced with a new one every 2-3 months, and be sure to use a thread - floss.

Remember that the presence of tartar on the teeth and bleeding gums are signs serious illnesses and demand emergency treatment at the dentist. Therefore, it is necessary to visit a doctor at least twice a year. Be healthy!

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Proper oral hygiene will prevent the development of caries, the appearance of an unpleasant odor and help maintain healthy teeth for a long time. In the case of insufficiently effective or irregular care, plaque forms, food crumbs remain in the interdental spaces, which eventually decompose. This leads to the development of inflammation and deterioration of the appearance of the teeth.

What is included in the rules of oral hygiene

There is a stereotype that the choice is expensive and is the main condition for compliance. This is not entirely true.

There is no doubt that the selection is very important, however, the desired result can only be achieved by an integrated approach to.

Oral hygiene is usually divided into two components - individual and.

Each of them is important for preventing the threat of dental diseases.

Individual events include:

Cleansing the mouth after every meal.
Interdental care.

It is recommended by specialists to carry out the most the right time to implement this process, is morning and evening . After the teeth, it is also necessary to carry out using a scraper brush or rinse aid and deodorant for the oral cavity.

You can also carry out hygiene after dinner, but not everyone has time for this due to being busy, so it will be enough to rinse the mouth with water or a special one.

How to take good care of your teeth and gums at home

The classic method of oral care is carried out using toothpaste and a brush, but high-quality cleaning of the interdental space is not possible, so you should add to the set.

The choice of dental equipment is undoubtedly important, however, without good brushing technique, the result will be negligible. Not everyone knows how to carry out this procedure correctly. Exist various methods brushing teeth and many argue about the correct position of the brush and other details. Among the basic rules, dentists recommend adhering to the following:

Hold the brush at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the gums and teeth.
The first dentition for cleaning should be the lower one, and then proceed to cleaning the upper one.
To prevent injury to the gums or enamel, it is recommended not to exert strong pressure on the brush.
Proper cleaning begins with the front teeth, gradually moving towards the back.
The chewing surface should be cleaned in a circular motion.
The duration of brushing should be at least 3 minutes.
After the procedure, make a light massage of the gums with soft circular movements with a brush.

Professional hygiene procedures in dentistry

Professional hygiene procedures include an assessment of existing problems and follow-up of stones. If necessary, local anesthesia may be used.

First of all, the specialist uses to remove soft and hard deposits from the surfaces of the teeth and in the space between them. During the procedure will not be damaged. The next step, the doctor will process the subgingival spaces using hand instruments.

In the case of pigmented plaque, which was obtained as a result of drinking coffee, some medicines, tea is either the cause of smoking, apply additional procedure ultrasound using the apparatus.

After the next step is to polish the enamel. This procedure is necessary to protect the teeth from bacteria and plaque. To perform, polishing pastes are used, which are applied using nozzles in the form of brushes and rubber bands. Strips will be used where the teeth meet.

The next step, the specialist applies to the enamel. This remedy necessary for removal due to saturation of the enamel with fluorine ions.

After completing all the procedures, the specialist will give recommendations on maintaining the cleanliness of the teeth.

30-40% of plaque remains on the surface of the teeth even after careful self-care. Experts recommend that you complete the procedure twice a year.

Teaching proper oral hygiene to children

Usually children are not favorable to brushing their teeth, as they perceive the mouth as intimate area and do not allow adults to interfere with it using a brush.

Parents need to monitor and clean after each meal. It is important to ensure that the baby develops a habit in the future.

It is recommended from the age of two, while making sure that the child does not swallow the paste. A paste with a pleasant smell and taste should be used. Its content should contain calcium, and after the execution of 3 years - fluorine. Ideally, it should contain sorbitol and xylitol, these components protect against caries and add flavor.

In the process of moving the brush, all movements should be sweeping, starting from the gums and to the edges of the teeth, and then out. Attention should be paid to the entire oral cavity, for this it is necessary to clean the rows from the upper right edge and end with the lower one.

Even at the age of 10, it will be difficult for a child to take care of oral hygiene on his own, for this reason, parents will have to bear responsibility for dental health.

Dentists' advice on choosing personalized oral care products

Dentists advise choosing personal hygiene products according to the following rules:

. It is selected individually, when choosing, you need to pay attention to the convenience of gripping the handle and size. Thus, with bleeding gums, it is recommended to use. The size of the handle should not be small so that you can freely control the device and not harm the gums and teeth. The brush should have rubber elements to prevent slipping. It needs to be changed every 3 months. The best solution would be to give preference to an electronic device, but with excessive tooth mobility, and some other pathologies, it cannot be used.
. Can be used in medical and. In the first case, it is selected by the doctor individually, and in the second case, it can be purchased independently for carrying out effective hygiene oral cavity. Toothpaste should have a pleasant aroma, appearance and taste, a cooling, cleansing and disinfecting effect, have a preventive effect and be harmless.
. It is necessary for cleaning the interdental spaces, it has several varieties: round, flat, waxed and without it. The thread is selected depending on the distance between the teeth. When choosing, you should pay attention to the absence of fiber delamination, the presence of a pleasant aroma, the softness of the thread.
. caries prevention, preference should be given to products based on sodium fluoride or aminofluoride, the concentration of fluoride in them should be about 250 ppm. If you have or have other problems, it is worth consulting with your dentist about the best option.

Proper care of the oral cavity allows you to maintain not only the health of your teeth, but also their appearance. No one will decorate the raid and unpleasant odor. Also, following the rules of hygiene will help save money, because in this case, trips to the dentist will be significantly reduced. It will be enough to visit a doctor twice a year for prevention and for selection individual means for care.

The health of our teeth and gums is directly dependent on proper hygiene oral cavity. The value of daily hygiene procedures is difficult to overestimate, but it is often easy to underestimate and pay with the loss of teeth even in young age. So the statement of dentists that one of the most effective and at the same time simple ways for the prevention of dental diseases is the correct and regular hygiene of the teeth and oral cavity in children and adults, as relevant as ever. We should not forget that hygiene procedures should not be limited to just brushing your teeth at home.

Preventive oral hygiene is a complex event that includes daily brushing of teeth and a visit to the hygienist at least once a year. The fact is that in order to maintain teeth and gums in healthy condition it is necessary to timely and efficiently remove dental deposits, as well as thick plaque on the tongue. Food debris and soft plaque can be removed with a toothbrush and toothpaste. But the removal of tartar (mineralized dental deposits) is performed by a dentist using special means and tools such as Air flow. Concerning comprehensive care for the oral cavity implies individual and professional hygiene.

Individual oral hygiene

Personal oral hygiene is most effective when followed certain rules how to brush your teeth. As you know, there are many ways - each of them is correct and complete, it all depends on our personal preferences. However, it is advisable to listen to the following recommendations dentists:

always start brushing your teeth with the same dentition;
follow a certain sequence of brushing your teeth so as not to miss any area;
Cleaning should be carried out at the same pace in order to withstand the required duration of cleansing.

Of course, you need to pay attention to the technique of brushing your teeth. If, for example, you brush your teeth across the dentition, then the enamel will wear off over time. Therefore, individual oral hygiene must be carried out with observance of the technique of brushing your teeth (even circular movements cannot be made - they must be perfectly round). And in our performance, they are rather oval. Therefore, due to non-compliance with this important rule enamel by about 35 years old is badly damaged, if not completely erased. However, if you are using an ultrasonic brush, all of the above is not relevant to you. In addition, do not forget that cleaning the tongue with special scrapers is a necessary component of oral hygiene.

Oral hygiene products

Oral hygiene products are a kind of multi-component system, which includes a variety of natural and synthetic substances intended for both prophylactic and oral hygiene. therapeutic impact to the oral cavity as a whole.

The main means of individual oral hygiene:

toothpastes, gels, tooth powders;
toothbrushes;
chewing gum(treatment-and-prophylactic).

Toothpastes are recommended to choose depending on the presence of certain problems or specific tasks. If you have had dental implants the best choice There will be toothpaste for implants. To lighten the surface of the enamel, you should pay attention to whitening pastes. But to strengthen the teeth, restorative agents are suitable, for example toothpaste with theobromine Theodent or Swiss Smile Crystal.

There are also additional oral hygiene products. These include:

flosses (dental floss), toothpicks;
oral irrigators (before choosing the best irrigator, be sure to study the main characteristics of the models);
tongue cleaners: scrapers, scraper brushes;
mouth rinses, mouth deodorants, teeth whiteners;
denture treatment powders/denture treatment tablets;
foam for oral hygiene (the foam dissolves plaque well and is indispensable where it is not possible to use standard oral hygiene products, it is enough to hold the foam in your mouth for 20-30 seconds and spit).

The unique, multifunctional JETPIK JP200-Elite device combines an electric sonic toothbrush, irrigator and dental floss. The accessories and the device itself are stored in a convenient plastic container, which is ideal for travel or storage in a small bathroom.

Oral hygiene is important not only as a prevention of caries, but also for free comfortable communication with others. Plaque-yellow teeth and unpleasant odors from the mouth will not make anyone attractive. Such aesthetic dentistry procedures as veneers and expensive laser teeth whitening will not make sense without basic hygiene procedures.

Oral hygiene is a complex of hygiene procedures: individual and professional cleaning of the dentition, gum pockets and tongue. Cleaning is done at home or in a dental clinic by a professional hygienist.

Professional oral hygiene is carried out twice a year to clean numerous interdental areas, remove plaque, restore enamel color and other work that is difficult to perform at home.

It is necessary to carry out individual hygiene procedures twice a day after meals. The most important is the evening procedure carried out immediately before bedtime: plaque accumulated during the day can contribute to the growth of bacteria, the formation of caries and gum pathology.

Methodology for assessing the hygienic condition

To determine the degree of contamination, a test is used with special dyes and an enamel test scale for the oral hygiene index.

The degree of pollution is determined by saturation colors a dye that is applied to the enamel layer, staining the frontal, medial, vestibular and occlusal surfaces. The quality of the index score is measured in points according to the intensity of staining of the areas of each individual tooth:

Important!“Each dental clinic uses its own methods for determining the enamel contamination index, using special solutions and a scale for measuring plaque deposits.”

Hygiene criteria

The oral cavity is filled with microorganisms involved in the primary breakdown of food, the preservation of enamel and maintenance general condition microflora of the body. In advanced cases, the microflora is filled with pathogenic bacteria that destroy the enamel and deform the gum tissue.

Important!“Problem areas for cleaning from plaque deposits are: the inner surface of the dentition; internal occlusal part lower molars; external medial-buccal side of the molars.

The main hygiene products

In order to thoroughly carry out daily procedures for cleansing deposits, oral hygiene products are needed, the main cleaning accessories include:

Toothbrush- the basis of any hygienic process, it can be used for a maximum of two months, then it must be changed.

Toothpaste- it will be optimal to use the product with high content fluorine and potassium for mineralization and strengthening of the enamel coating.

Professional hygiene procedure

Professional oral hygiene by a dental hygienist will help to completely get rid of plaque deposits.

Why is oral hygiene so important in dentistry, what is included in the mandatory procedures, and why is professional help in cleaning teeth necessary?

Firstly, the removal of accumulations of soft plaque is difficult without professional help; over time, it tends to compact into tartar, which is not possible to remove on its own.

Secondly: hard plaque spoils not only the appearance, but also promotes the growth of bacteria, which leads to the formation of caries, periodontitis and many other diseases.

Professional oral hygiene differs in the type of appointment and instrumental equipment used in the procedure. Before starting any operation, the dental hygienist rinses the patient's mouth with an antiseptic solution and, if careful surface treatment is to be performed, applies anesthetics with which the gum tissue is treated with a spray, gel or injection.

Soft surface cleaning

Oral hygiene cleaners for soft plaque:

For this cleaning, nozzles with hard brushes, specialized pastes and gels with a high content of abrasive particles are used.

The brushes rotate in a circle at a sufficient speed, and this method effectively cleans soft dental plaques.

Mechanical cleaning using a scaler or Air-Flow apparatus.

In the process of cleansing using an ultrasonic Air-Flow apparatus, a nozzle is used, which is under strong pressure directs a stream of air with a special solution and small abrasive particles to the tooth surface.

Faced with the surface antiseptic solution washes away and carries away dirt and particles of plaque. The air stream promotes removal of the remains of abrasive substances.

Thus, the enamel layer, mucous membrane and gum pockets are cleaned from soft bacterial plaque.

Removal of hard build-up

Earlier removal procedures hard stone were performed by peeling and chipping off tartar with the help of special dental instruments, such an operation damaged the enamel and provoked the occurrence of microcracks and chips.
Currently safe and effective means oral hygiene, these include:

ultrasonic cleaning

This is by far the most popular cleaning, it effectively removes stony deposits and other pathological formations on the enamel, in the interdental gaps, under the gums, in periodontal pockets.

Cleaning is carried out using a scaler and an Air-Flow jet device using special nozzles for hard deposits. After cleaning, the enamel is ground and polished.

Laser hygienic cleaning

This method copes with stone deposits of different density and size, the laser removes both the old fossilized plaque in the gum pockets and the surface shell formed as a result of smoking or eating foods with coloring elements.

At the end of the procedure, the enamel is covered with dental varnish or gel, which reduces sensitivity and protects against pathogenic microflora.

Laser cleaning is a more gentle procedure than ultrasound, one of its advantages is that it is absolutely painless and therefore does not require prior anesthesia.

Any dental clinic provides professional dental cleaning services, carried out by laser and ultrasonic equipment, which are the most optimal today.

Important!“To remove deposits, it is necessary to perform as many cleaning sessions as the contaminated surface requires. As a rule, for a more effective result, combined types of cleanings are used.

Benefits of professional cleaning

Professional cleaning is compulsory procedure pre-treatment of the mouth before any dental surgery. Cleaning is necessary for the following reasons:

when plaque is removed, the process of tissue enrichment with minerals and microelements is accelerated, which has a beneficial effect not only on the crown, but also on the root part, alveolar areas and periodontium;
clean enamel without stone deposits allows for a more thorough diagnosis, checking the exact shade of the enamel, detecting micro-chips and microcracks, and detecting caries in the stain stage.

Before prosthetics and restoration, it is necessary to carry out professional cleaning only in this case optimal correction of the tooth structure is possible.

Important!“Dental cleaning and checking for any deformities is necessary every six months, in which case it is likely to prevent any diseases of the teeth, gums and mucous membranes.”

Self-cleaning of dental surfaces

To maintain the oral cavity in optimal hygienic condition, it is necessary to follow the basic rules of hygiene: use specially selected pastes and brushes and brush your teeth daily with the obligatory observance of the correct range of motion.

Basic Rules

To clean the dentition start from the lingual side, then the vestibular part of the enamel is covered, and only after that the tops of the crowns are cleaned.

With internal and external manipulations, the brush is set at an inclination of 45 degrees from the surface and moves smoothly from the root to the top. Each tooth must be brushed separately at least 10 times.

Cleansing begins with the upper molars, brushing with wave-like movements and gradually moving it to the molars, and this is repeated several times, the same procedure is performed in reverse direction(from root to front) to strengthen the result.

The inside requires especially thorough cleaning. It is necessary to clean in identical circular motions in the direction from the root to the top and from the anterior to the molars, carefully cleaning the inside of the incisors.

For thorough treatment, you can use an irrigator, it cleans the cavity of food debris, prevents the formation of plaque, prevents the formation of caries and gingivitis, and prevents the appearance of an unpleasant odor.

Hygienic tongue cleaning

Hygiene procedures include the obligatory cleansing of the tongue. During the cleaning process, the surface of the tongue is removed pathogenic mucus, formed plaque, leftover food.

The language contains a large number of papillae and cavities, which are filled with microscopic food debris. As a result, the language becomes a source of reproduction pathogenic microorganisms- through saliva, bacteria enter the surface of the enamel, gum tissue and into the gastrointestinal tract.

Dental hygiene is a professional cleaning of teeth by removing tartar (supra- and subgingival deposits) and smoothing the root surface, which prevents the formation of plaque in the future.

Proper oral hygiene includes:

thorough brushing of teeth with a toothbrush and paste;

cleansing the mouth after eating;

regular care of interdental spaces.

If after eating it is not possible to brush your teeth, rinse your mouth with water, but preferably with a special rinse. If this is not possible, use chewing gum.

Compliance with the rules of oral hygiene is the best means of preventing dental diseases.

The food we eat undergoes significant culinary processing, and therefore is poor in natural products. This does not contribute to the self-cleaning of the mouth. Our food does not require intensive chewing, which means that it does not provide the necessary load on the teeth and periodontal tissues. Under such conditions, rational oral hygiene is of particular importance, otherwise food debris, fermentation and decay products, bacteria will accumulate in it, which, in turn, will lead to the formation of tartar and plaque.

You need to brush your teeth properly. The upper teeth are cleaned with sweeping movements from top to bottom, and the lower ones - from bottom to top. Be sure to brush the inside of your teeth. To clean the side surfaces of the teeth, special dental flosses are used. Children are recommended to use children's low-abrasive toothpastes.

It is recommended to use a toothbrush with artificial bristles and small size(to facilitate manipulation in the mouth). Before the first use, the brush should never be doused with boiling water. Simply rinse under running water.

Remember that toothpaste does not clean at all, but only a brush. The paste has an auxiliary, antimicrobial, deodorizing and refreshing effect. Do not use large amounts of paste. The size of a large (for small children) peas is ample volume.

Teeth should be brushed twice a day tooth powder or paste with both external and inside. A toothbrush removes food debris and plaque, while a powder or paste refreshes the mouth, eliminates bad breath and destroys harmful microflora.

Tooth powders- complex mixtures based on calcium melhydrogen orthophosphate and with the addition of white magnesia to give them lightness and friability. Magnesium peroxide contained in tooth powders disinfects the oral cavity and whitens teeth.

Toothpastes There are two types: therapeutic and prophylactic (they serve to prevent diseases of the teeth and gums, and also contribute to their treatment) and hygienic (only refresh and clean). The composition of the toothpaste contains abrasive substances for polishing the surface of the teeth and cleaning them from plaque. Usually it is precipitated chalk, aluminum oxide and hydroxide, calcium phosphates, zirconium orthosilicate, silicon dioxide. For better preservation of the paste, gelatin-like components synthesized from cellulose, glycerin, sorbitol and other substances are added. Introduced into the paste and a little chlorophenol or formalin to provide a disinfectant effect. Foaming provides sulfonated soap, for example, the sodium salt of alizarin oil.

Treatment-and-prophylactic pastes include fluorine-containing substances - sodium fluorophosphate, tin fluoride, sodium fluoride, etc. These additives form a hard protective layer on the surfaces of tooth enamel. In addition, fluoride additives slow down the formation and spread of bacterial plaque on the teeth, which is the cause of caries. Anti-inflammatory substances are also introduced into toothpastes, which strengthen the oral mucosa and reduce gum bleeding. Peppermint, cinnamon, eucalyptus or clove oils are added to give toothpaste a pleasant taste and smell, as well as citric acid and other substances.

Transparent toothpastes are made on the basis of silica gel and can contain any flavoring and healing components, but their ability to mechanically clean teeth is worse than other pastes.

Non-observance of hygiene rules teeth and oral cavity often leads to the appearance of an unpleasant odor. To eliminate bad breath and strengthen the gums, it is recommended to rinse with a decoction of one tablespoon of St. John's wort flowers in one glass of water. Prevention and treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa is carried out with alcohol or vodka tincture of St. John's wort. A decoction of mint perfectly refreshes the mouth after eating. To remove yellowness on the teeth, you can use baking soda with the addition of a few drops of lemon juice twice a week instead of toothpaste.

For dental hygiene, it is useful to eat a hard apple after a meal. The fibers of its fiber will remove plaque, and the abundant saliva with diligent chewing will wash away the remnants of carbohydrates. In addition, malic acid will restore the normal acid-base balance in the oral cavity.

Oral hygiene with the participation of specialists includes a certain set of measures aimed at removing tartar and soft plaque. Such procedures are carried out by a hygienist or dentist, and they precede orthodontic, surgical, orthopedic and therapeutic measures.

Professional dental hygiene is a complex of diagnostic and therapeutic measures aimed at identifying dental deposits and choosing the optimal method for their removal. In addition, the patient is taught the principles of individual dental hygiene, which are most consistent with the type of dental deposits he has, and, if necessary, he is given recommendations on the use of additional medicines in the form of applications, rinses, etc., which will promote the regeneration of periodontal tissues. .

How professional oral hygiene is carried out

Thus, professional oral hygiene has a certain sequence: first, tartar is removed, after which pigmented plaque is removed. Subdental and anterior deposits can be eliminated in one of the following ways:

The most effective method of removing tartar today is carried out using a hand tool or an ultrasonic scaler. When removing tartar with a scaler, the patient does not feel any discomfort, because this procedure non-traumatic and painless, it does not harm tooth enamel. The principle of operation of an ultrasonic scaler is as follows: with the help of the oscillatory movements it creates, tartar is knocked down even in the most inaccessible places.

After the tartar has been cleaned off, the doctor proceeds to the procedure for removing pigmented plaque, for which he uses the modern Air-flow procedure (powder-jet effect). An aerosol jet containing an abrasive substance and water is directed to the places of plaque deposition and knocks it down. After such a procedure, the teeth become lighter by two tones, but you should know that this effect does not remain forever. If you need to whiten your teeth even more, you should use a special teeth whitening procedure.

After plaque is removed and tartar is removed, the doctor covers the teeth with a special varnish or fluorine-containing gel, which helps to reduce the sensitivity of the enamel.

Basic methods of oral hygiene

Regular teeth cleaning

Mouth rinse

Teeth cleaning, ideally, should follow every meal. But since this condition is difficult to fulfill, you can limit yourself to the morning and evening procedure. Throughout the day, personal oral hygiene products, such as breath fresheners or floss, can fill this gap.

Rinse your mouth needed after every meal. It is advisable to use such oral hygiene products as special rinses, which contain disinfectant and refreshing components.

Methods for assessing oral hygiene.

Indices of the state of the oral cavity Methods for assessing dental deposits

Fedorov-Volodkina index (1968) The hygienic index is determined by the color intensity of the labial surface of the six lower frontal teeth with iodine-iodine-potassium solution, evaluated on a five-point system and calculated by the formula: Kav = (∑Ku)/n where Kav. - general hygiene index cleaning; Ku - hygienic index of cleaning one tooth; n is the number of teeth.

Staining of the entire surface of the crown means 5 points; 3/4 - 4 points; 1/2 - 3 points; 1/4 - 2 points; no staining - 1 point. Normally, the hygienic index should not exceed 1. Green-Vermillion Index (1964). The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) is an assessment of the surface area of a tooth covered with plaque and/or tartar, does not require the use of special dyes. To determine OHI-S, the buccal surface 16 and 26, the labial surface 11 and 31, the lingual surface 36 and 46 are examined, moving the tip of the probe from the cutting edge towards the gum.

The absence of plaque is indicated as 0, plaque up to 1/3 of the tooth surface - 1, plaque from 1/3 to 2/3 - 2, plaque covers more than 2/3 of the enamel surface - 3. Then tartar is determined by the same principle. The formula for calculating the index.OHI is S=∑(ZN/n)+∑(ZK/n) where n is the number of teeth, ZN is plaque, and ZK is tartar. Plaque: Calculus: 0 none 0 none 1 on 1/3 crown 1 supragingival calculus on 1/3 crown 2 on 2/3 crown 2 supragingival calculus on 2/3 crown 3 3 supragingival calculus > 2/3 crown or subgingival calculus, surrounding the cervical part of the tooth Value Index score Oral hygiene score 0 - 0.6 Low Good 0.7 - 1.6 Medium Fair 1.7 - 2.5 High Unsatisfactory Very high Poor

Silnes-Low Index (1967) takes into account the thickness of plaque in the gingival region in 4 areas of the tooth surface: vestibular, lingual, distal and mesial. After drying the enamel, the tip of the probe is passed over its surface at the gingival sulcus. If soft matter does not adhere to the tip of the probe, the index of plaque on the tooth site is indicated as - 0. If plaque is not visually determined, but becomes visible after the probe is moved, the index is 1. Plaque from a thin layer to moderate thickness, visible to the naked eye, is scored as a score of 2 Intense plaque deposition in the gingival sulcus and interdental space is indicated as 3. For each tooth, the index is calculated by dividing the sum of the scores of 4 surfaces by 4. General index is equal to the sum indicators of all examined teeth, divided by their number.

Tartar Index (1961). Supra- and subgingival tartar is determined on incisors and canines mandible. The vestibular, distal-lingual, central-lingual and medial-lingual surfaces are studied in a differentiated manner. To determine the intensity of calculus, a scale from 0 to 3 is used for each surface examined: 0 - no calculus 1 - calculus less than 0.5mm in width and / or thickness is detected 2 - calculus width and / or thickness is from 0.5 to 1mm 3 - width and/or thickness of tartar more than 1 mm. The formula for calculating the index: Intensity of the ZK = (∑ codes_of_all_surfaces) / n_teeth where n is the number of teeth.

Ramfjord Index (1956) as part of the periodontal index, it involves the determination of plaque on the vestibular, lingual and palatine surfaces, as well as the proximal surfaces of the 11th, 14th, 26th, 31st, 34th, 46th teeth. The method requires preliminary staining with Bismarck Brown solution. The scoring is as follows: 0 - no plaque 1 - plaque is present on some surfaces of the tooth 2 - plaque is present on all surfaces but covers more than half of the tooth 3 - plaque is present on all surfaces but covers more than half. The index is calculated by dividing the total score by the number of teeth examined.

Navi Index (1962). The indexes of tissue coloration in the oral cavity, limited by the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth, are calculated. Before the study, the mouth is rinsed with a 0.75% solution of basic fuchsin. Scored as follows: 0 - no plaque 1 - plaque stained only at the gingival margin 2 - pronounced plaque line at the gingival margin 3 - gingival third of the surface covered with plaque 4 - 2/3 of the surface covered with plaque 5 - more than 2/3 of the surface covered with plaque . The index was calculated in terms of the average number per tooth per subject.

Turesky Index (1970). The authors used the Quigley-Hein scoring system on the labial and lingual surfaces of the entire row of teeth. 0 - absence of plaque 1 - individual patches of plaque in the cervical region of the tooth 2 - thin continuous strip of plaque (up to 1 mm) in the cervical part of the tooth 3 - strip of plaque wider than 1 mm, but covering less than 1/3 of the crown of the tooth 4 - plaque covering more than 1 / 3, but less than 2/3 of the tooth crown 5 - plaque covers 2/3 of the tooth crown or more.

Index Arnim (1963) when evaluating the effectiveness of various oral hygiene procedures, determined the amount of plaque present on the labial surfaces of the four upper and lower incisors stained with erythrosin. This area is photographed and developed at 4x magnification. The outlines of the corresponding teeth and colored masses are transferred to paper and these areas are determined by a planimer. The percentage of the surface covered with plaque is then calculated. The Hygiene Efficiency Index (Podshadley & Haby, 1968) requires the use of a dye. Then a visual assessment of the buccal surfaces of 16 and 26, labial - 11 and 31, lingual - 36 and 46 teeth is carried out. The examined surface is conditionally divided into 5 sections: 1 - medial, 2 - distal, 3 - mid-occlusal, 4 - central, 5 - mid-cervical. 0 - no staining 1 - staining of any intensity The index is calculated by the formula: PHP=(∑codes)/n where n is the number of examined teeth. PHP value Hygiene effectiveness 0 excellent 0.1 - 0.6 good 0.7 - 1.6 satisfactory poor