Reflexive verbs with dependent words. Reflexive verbs
Reflexive verbs are called verbs that have a postfix – xia (s): to return, to dream, to dream, to start. The remaining verbs are called irrevocable: watch, read, eat, run.
Transitional and intransitive verbs.
Transitive verbs are verbs that indicate an action that passes to another object or person. This object or person can be expressed:
Noun in genitive case without an excuse: cut off the sausages, drink compote.
A noun (or pronoun) in accusative case with an unconditional connection: reading a book, seeing the sun, counting sheep.
By a noun or pronoun in the genitive case with negation, but also without a preposition: not to have the right .
The remaining verbs are considered intransitive: lie on the bed, look into the darkness, sunbathe in the sun.
Perfect verbs and imperfect form.
Perfect Verbs indicate the completion, effectiveness, end of an action or its beginning and answer the question “what to do?”: run, run away, sing, sing, gallop, gallop away. Perfective verbs have two tense forms: past (what did you do? - galloped up) And future simple (what will they do? - they'll gallop). Perfect Verbs Dont Have present tense forms.
Imperfect verbs indicate the course of an action, but do not indicate its completion, result, beginning or end and answer the question “what to do?”: run, jump, sing. Imperfective verbs have three tense forms:
Past (what they were doing? - watched, listened);
The present (what are they doing? - look, listen);
The future is complicated (what will they do? - they will read, they will watch).
Syntactic role verb.
The verb in a sentence most often performs the role of the predicate. But verb infinitive can act as different members of a sentence:
Subject: Live- means to breathe;
Compound predicate: I I'm going to enroll to the Faculty of Philology;
Definition: I have a burning desire go out to the air;
Addition: Mother asked me come up closer.
Purpose circumstance: Grandma sat down take a break.
Define an application.
Application- this is a definition expressed by a noun that agrees with the word being defined in the case, for example: A golden cloud spent the night on the chest of a giant rock. Applications can indicate various qualities of an object, indicate age, nationality, profession and other characteristics, for example: An old grandmother looks out of the window. In case next to the application - common noun there is a defined word, which is also a common noun; they are usually combined with a hyphen: flying carpet, ascetic monk.
When a common noun is followed by a proper name, a hyphen is not placed (boxer Ivanov), but there are combinations in which the common noun follows a proper noun, then there is a hyphen between them: Mother Volga, Moscow River, Ivan the Fool, Nightingale the Robber. The application, as a rule, is case coordinated with the word being defined. There are exceptions in which the application can be placed in a case different from the word being defined: these are names - proper names and nicknames. If the application before the main word can be replaced with a single-root adjective, then a hyphen is not placed after the application. For example: “old man watchman” (application - old man, the main word is watchman, old man can be replaced with “old” - old watchman), and watchman-old man (a hyphen is placed because the application and the main word are common nouns). Examples of typical applications (in italics): Volodya, an excellent student, was the first to raise his hand. Ivan the shepherd was driving the cows across the field.
Examples of exceptions:
Names are proper names, usually separated by quotation marks. The nominative case is used here, regardless of the form of the word being defined.
Names of press organs, literary works. In the Kommersant newspaper. In the novel "The Young Guard".
Names of enterprises. At the Krasnoye Sormovo plant. Seizure of the Yukos enterprise.
Nicknames. Charges have been brought against Misha Two Percent. At Vsevolod's Big Nest there were eight sons.
A hyphen is not placed after words that are generally accepted addresses: Citizen Financial Inspector! I'm sorry to trouble you.
Reflexive verb
Verb with the affix -sya (-еъ). The scope of the concept “reflexive verb” and the related concept “reflexive form of the verb” is presented differently in theoretical research and in educational literature. In some works (“Morphology of the modern Russian language” by I. G. Golanov, school books) reflexive verbs are all verbs with the affix (particle, suffix) -sya, regardless of their origin and collateral meaning: this includes formations from transitive verbs (to wash, to be upset, to hug, etc., where -sya is considered as a formative affix), from intransitive verbs (cry, roam, wake up, walk, etc., where -sya is a word-forming affix) and verbs that are not used without -sya (fear, be proud, climb, hope, wake up, laugh, crowd, etc.) d.). In other works (academic “Grammar of the Russian Language”), reflexive verbs ы are reflexive verbs, in contrast to which verbs with the affix -sya, which do not express a voice meaning, are called reflexive forms of the verb a; The latter include formations from intransitive verbs (threaten, call, knock, etc.) and verbs that are not used without -sya ( cm. higher). In third works (university textbook “Modern Russian Language,” Part II), reflexive verbs are considered independent lexical formations in which the affix -sya performs a word-formation function (fidget, give out, lean against, call to one another, tidy up, hurt yourself, cry, knock, etc.). etc., be proud, hope, laugh, etc.), and reflexive forms of the verb are formations in which the affix -sya performs a formative function: these are forms of the passive voice that retain lexical-semantic identity with transitive verbs (the window is washed by the worker, the streets landscaping by Komsomol members, etc.). The difference in the interpretation of the terms “reflexive verb” and “reflexive form of the verb” is associated with a different understanding of the category of voice ( cm. voice of the verb.
Dictionary-reference book linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .
See what a “reflexive verb” is in other dictionaries:
RETURNABLE, oh, oh. 1. Same as reverse (1 digit) (obsolete). Let's hit the road. 2. Renewing, sometimes arising again. V. typhus (acute infection occurring in the form of attacks). 3. In grammar: 1) a reflexive verb denoting... ... Dictionary Ozhegova
- (gram.) see Reflexive verb... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
- (reflexive | réfléchi | reflexiv | reflexive | riflessivo) Containing a return to the subject of the action. A reflexive verb (verbe réfléchi) means that the action coming from the subject returns to it again (French je me baigne “I am bathing”) ... Five-language dictionary of linguistic terms
RETURN, return something to where or to whom, turn, turn back, give back, back; send home, put or put in its original place. Get your health back, your money, get back what you lost, get it back for yourself. Come back,… … Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary
This article or section needs revision. Please improve the article in accordance with the rules for writing articles. Reflexive pronouns are a part of speech, a type of pronoun that expresses the direction of action on the person producing it. Group... ... Wikipedia
Basic meanings of postfix – xia
IN depending on the presence or absence of the return postfix -sia- verbs are divided into returnable and non-refundable.
Refundable- these are verbs that have a postfix -sya- (-s-).
For example:
swim, smile, hope
Non-refundable- these are verbs that do not have a postfix -sya- (-s-).
Some verbs in modern Russian have correlative pairs according to the category of reflexivity - non-reflexivity.
Exercise:
Compare:
dress - get dressed, bathe - swim, see - see
Other verbs do not have such correlative pairs.
Exercise:
Compare:
smile, hope, tumble;
go, sit down, freeze
Return postfix -sya- (-s-) can give different verb forms semantic meanings :
1) Self-return value , when the subject and the object to which the action is directed coincide in one person ( wash, bathe, dress).
For example:
I wash my face
2) Reciprocal value , when each of the two actors acts simultaneously as both a subject and an object.
For example:
1. Friends met and hugged brotherly.
2. And new friends, well, hug, well, kiss
3) Return value , when the action does not transfer to anyone, but is confined to the subject himself.
For example:
He got angry.
We're offended
Such verbs, as a rule, express internal mental condition person.
4) Objectless return value e, when the action being spoken of is a property of the given subject.
For example:
The dog bites.
The cow is butting.
The cat is scratching.
Nettle stings
End of work -
This topic belongs to the section:
Grammatical classes of words in modern Russian language
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Explanatory note
In the section “Modern Russian language: Morphology”, according to the State educational standard, the following topics should be studied: - introduction to modern morphology
Disciplines
Type of work Labor intensity, hours Total labor intensity Classroom work
Discipline
Grammar is one of the oldest sciences on Earth (like mathematics, geometry, physics, logic). It originated in the 4th century BC. (over 2500 years ago) in Ancient
In Russian
In traditional Russian grammar, it was customary to distinguish 10 parts of speech: 6 independent, 3 auxiliary and a special part of speech - interjection. Part of speech is characterized by: 1) general meaning, 2) morphological
Grammar (from the Greek Grammatike) is a branch of linguistics that studies the structure of words and sentences of a particular language. Grammar consists of two parts: morphologist
A noun is a word that has a lexical and grammatical meaning of objectivity. For example: house, horse, youth, walking, sleeping, whiteness
Meaning
In my own way lexical meaning Nouns in the Russian language are usually divided into four categories: - specific; - real; - collect
The concept of a noun as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Rewrite, inserting the necessary nouns instead of dots. 1. Ceremonial celebrations were held for those leaving for the army.
Classifications of nouns by lexical meaning
Exercise 5 Find nouns of a certain category among these words and distribute them into groups: - specific; - thing
Common and proper nouns
Exercise 6 Explain why the names of the months: January, February, March, etc. are not proper names. Exercise 7 Mars has two lu
A noun is a word that has a lexical and grammatical meaning of objectivity. Specific nouns
Qualitative adjectives and their features
Qualitative adjectives denote the qualities and properties of objects directly. For example: wide river, capable student
Relative adjectives and their features
Relative adjectives denote the characteristics of objects not directly, but by their relationship to other objects. They can have different semantic meanings
Their signs
Possessive adjectives denote that an object belongs to a specific person or animal. For example: fathers (house), mothers
Transition of adjectives from one category to another
Adjectives can move from one category to another. For example: relative adjectives can become qualitative: stone house
Their signs
Qualitative adjectives can have two forms - full and short. Short form
Qualitative adjectives have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative. Positive degree - e
And their signs
Exercise 5 It is not always easy to draw a clear line between qualitative and relative adjectives, since relative adjectives, when used figuratively
Possessive adjectives and their signs
Exercise 8 Find possessive adjectives with the suffixes -in, -ov. Indicate in what case and what number they are, what ending they have. Is it similar to the endings of a being
Full and short adjectives and their characteristics
Exercise 21 Read and indicate the short and full adjectives used in the compound nominal predicate. Mark cases of inappropriate use
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Exercise 33 Rewrite, forming from the adjectives given in brackets, forms of degrees of comparison, simple or compound. (When doing this exercise, keep in mind that simple shapes compare
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes any attribute of an object (color, quality, size, age, material from which the object is made, etc.
A numeral is a part of speech that expresses the meaning of quantity (number). For example: one, one hundred, forty, seven Number the names
In grammar, there are two categories of numerals: quantitative and ordinal. Cardinal numbers
Declension of numerals
Cardinal numeral one detecting series grammatical features, bringing it closer to an adjective as a part of speech, inflected using the ending
The concept of a numeral as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Which of the highlighted words are numerals? 1. Witty, my dear fellow, hands down! Have a full glass of leisure! And pour a hundred epigrams on foe and friend
Lexico-grammatical categories of numerals
Exercise 5 Task: Read the following Note and comment on it. Note: B
Declension of numerals
Exercise 8 Prove that the seventh changes in the same way as gray, big, blue. Exercise 9 Rewrite, choosing the necessary numerals and putting them in
A numeral is a part of speech that expresses the meaning of quantity (number); these are words that answer the question how many?) or the order of objects when counting (answer n
The problem of pronouns is one of the most difficult problems in grammar. Pronouns are traditionally defined as parts of speech that indicate objects, when
Pronouns
Based on the nature of the functions they perform (i.e., by meaning), pronouns are divided into eight functional-semantic categories: 1.
According to their grammatical properties, pronominal words are usually divided into three categories: 1. Subject-personal pronouns (m
Declension of pronouns
Pronominal adjectives are declined like ordinary adjectives (which - like old; which - like factory). Pronominal numerals are inflected
The concept of a pronoun as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Read and indicate what mistakes were made in the use of 3rd person pronouns. Correct and rewrite. 1. Kalashniko
Functional-semantic categories of pronouns
Exercise 9 Read and indicate whether the plural forms of 3rd person personal pronouns are used correctly. Rewrite with necessary corrections. &n
Grammatical grades of pronouns
Exercise 14 Who, what are pronominal nouns; which, which, whose are pronominal adjectives. Prove it. Exercise 15 How many and
Declension of pronouns
Exercise 17 Negative pronouns are combined with prepositions like this: there was no one - was not with anyone, did not tell anyone - did not go to anyone, was not noticed by anyone -
Pronouns are traditionally defined as a part of speech that indicates objects, signs and quantities, but does not name them (who, you, this, some, several).
Topic plan
1. . 2. . 3. Returnable and irreflexive verbs. Basic postfix values
The concept of a verb as a part of speech
The term "Verb" itself has Old Slavic origin. In the Old Russian language, the verb means “Word”. The verb is the most most of
Infinitive as the initial form of a verb
If the initial form of the noun is the nominative case form singular, then the initial form of the verb is the infinitive
The category of transitivity-intransitivity is a constant grammatical category of the verb. It expresses the relationship of the action denoted by the verb to the object. All
Verb mood category
Unlike the verbal categories we have considered, the mood category is an unstable grammatical category of the verb, i.e. by mood verb in Russian language izm
Verb person category. Impersonal verbs
The person category of the verb expresses the relationship of the action performed by the subject to the speaking person. Only verbs of the present and future tenses change by person. Past verbs
Conjugation of verbs
Changing present and future tense verbs into singular and plural persons is called conjugation. In the past tense verbs in s
In addition to the infinitive, special inconjugated forms of the verb are participles and gerunds. Participle
The concept of a verb as a part of speech
Exercise 1 Explain why it is necessary to consider that skill is an adjective (short form), and skill is a verb. Compare:
Infinitive as the initial form of a verb
Exercise 5 Read the joke fairy tale “Infinitive”. The Infinitive looks at how the verbs are conjugated and says: “Oh, is it really necessary to conjugate this way?” - And to
Reflexive and irreflexive verbs
Basic postfix values Exercise 10 Revolutions with instrumental case characters are sometimes stylistically incongruous
Transitive and intransitive verbs
Exercise 21 Read the text. From hunting stories It happened on the river bank. My dog stumbled upon a hare. The shore was steep
Verb aspect category
Exercise 25 Grammatical meaning The type will become clearer if it is connected with the phenomena of reality. A pupil (student) will understand what the meaning of the perfect form is if it is clear to him
Verb tense category
Exercise 99 Compare the formation of the past tense form in different groups verbs. From what basis are they formed? Using what affixes? What verbs have a past tense meaning?
Conjugation of verbs
Exercise 109 The verbs want, run have most endings of the II conjugation. What endings violate this order for the verbs want and run?
Participle as an inconjugated form of a verb
Exercise 115 Find participles in the text. Choose one of them and prove that it has the characteristics of a verb and an adjective. Make up a sentence with this participle to change
The participle as an inconjugated form of a verb
Exercise 150 For each participle with explanatory words, two sentences are given. Choose which of these sentences can be associated with a gerund. Make a sentence and write it down.
The verb is the largest part of speech in the grammatical system of the modern Russian language. This is a significant part of speech, denoting an action or state of being.
The concept of an adverb as a part of speech
An adverb is a part of speech that expresses the grammatical general categorical meaning of a sign of an action, state or other sign (write quickly and beautifully,
Lexico-grammatical categories of adverbs
When classifying adverbs, two features are taken into account: - function in a sentence; - type of adverb meaning.
Degrees of comparison of adverbs
Like adjectives, the category of degrees of comparison of adverbs is formed by the opposition of three forms: positive, comparative and superlatives. Forms of degrees of comparison
Exercises for independent work
Note: exercises are performed at the choice of the teacher, can be used on practical exercises and be recommended for homework. Up
An adverb is a part of speech that expresses the grammatical general categorical meaning of a sign of an action, state or other sign (to write quickly and beautifully, a child is very
Features of the state category as a part of speech
The category of state (impersonal predicative words) is a part of speech that expresses the general categorical meaning of the state of living beings, nature, environment in grammatical
Condition categories
Qualitative impersonal predicative words denote the state of living beings and the environment: the emotional and mental state of a person (sad,
Unchangeable parts of speech
In the modern Russian language, along with the previously discussed seven variable independent parts of speech, which have a more or less developed inflectional paradigm (including nare
Pretext
Particles
Particles are usually called the auxiliary part of speech, conveying shades of lexical and syntactic meanings, clarifying and specifying the meaning of lexical and
Pretext
Exercise 1 Think about why the words but or cannot be considered prepositions. Exercise 2 C dative case prepositions are used:
Particles
Exercise 14 Read. Select the particles that serve: a) to form word forms; b) to convey different shades of meaning of the entire sentence or its members
A preposition is an auxiliary part of speech used as a means of syntactic subordination of nouns (as well as pronouns) with other words in a sentence and phrase
Unproductive part of speech
Interjections are a relatively unproductive part of speech, which in itself, like modal words, constitutes a special structural-semantic type of words and expresses (n
Modal words are a special part of speech, the general categorical meaning of which comes down to the transfer of various subjective-modal relations of the speaker to what and how
Students
The final form of control of knowledge, skills and abilities in the discipline “Modern Russian Language: Morphology” is an exam. The exam is conducted orally, the student is offered two
Fund of control tasks for the discipline
“Modern Russian language: Morphology” (for students of the specialty “Journalism”) Note:Fund test assignments designed for control
List of abbreviations
Abr. – F. Abramov Already. – V. Azhaev Ax. – S.T. Aksakov A.K.T. – A.K. Tolstoy Andr. – L. Andreev A.N.S. – A.N. Co
Information about Russian language researchers
Fyodor Ivanovich BUSLAEV (13 (2514.1818, Kerensk, now the village of Vadinsk, Penza region, - 31.7 (12.8).1897, village of Lyulino, Moscow province, now within Moscow) - Russian philologist, academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Main stages of studying morphology
In the study of the morphological structure of the Russian language, four periods can be roughly distinguished. The first period (mid-18th - mid-19th centuries) is associated with the name
V. V. Vinogradov
“Russian language (Grammatical doctrine of words)” (excerpt) 1. It is necessary to pay attention to the subordination of some parts of speech to others, which in school
Parts of speech problem
(From the book by P.S. Kuznetsov “On the principles of studying grammar”) 1. An essential issue in morphology is the question of parts of speech,
Adjective
I. In modern Russian language short forms qualitative adjectives are used only in the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate and are accessories
Yuri Dolin
“Insidious” part of speech in the speech of television journalists First, it should be said that in last decades the problem of “Russian language on air” itself has become one of the pressing issues
The problem of pronouns as a special part of speech
Considering the obvious grammatical heterogeneity of pronouns, F.F. Fortunatov, A.M. Peshkovsky, L.V. Shcherba and many other scientists came to the conclusion that pronouns were not composed at all.
How many categories of faces are there in modern Russian?
1. In the system grammatical categories, in their content and structure, in the methods and forms of their expression, the essence and specificity of the grammatical structure of the language is reflected.
Yu.T. Dolin
On the question of the grammatical nature of forms like “klop” in modern Russian Forms like klop, hvat, bam both in Russian and in other Slavic languages attracted etc.
Some tips on how to improve your
literacy Both jokingly and seriously 1. Check your literacy according to the talk book. 2. Between us, the place case
Worksheet.
F.I. _________________________________________
Reflexive and non-refundable verb.
Remember: in Russian languagein reflexive verbs, -sya is used after a vowel, and after a consonant -sya: rush, learn. Suffix–sya (-s) differs from other suffixes in that it comes after all morphemes, including after endings.
1. After reading the poem, underline the reflexive verbs.
The fly was going to visit
It's a very long drive.
I washed my face
I was getting dressed,
She was worried, she was curling, she was rushing about in front of the mirror, she was gaping... And she fell into the milk.
2. Write down the verbs with the suffix -sya (-съ) and label it. What are these verbs called?
To knock, to descend, to blacken, to surprise, to construct, to be guided.
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. Extract from the fableI. Krylovareturnable Verbs.
Swan, Pike and Crayfish
When there is no agreement among comrades,
Things won't go well for them,
And nothing will come out of it, only torment.
Once upon a time Swan, Crayfish and Pike
They began to carry a load of luggage
And together the three all harnessed themselves to it;
They are doing their best, but the cart is still moving!
The luggage would seem light to them:
Yes, the Swan rushes into the clouds,
The cancer moves back, and the Pike pulls into the water.
It is not for us to judge who is to blame and who is right;
Yes, but things are still there.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Correct the mistakes of careless students.
1. I am in seventh grade. 2. My notebook has already been found. 3. Zhenya went to the station by tram. 4. After a while she sat down to write the letter. 5. Tanya looked at him for a long time, and then met him. In the morning I washed my face, combed my hair, had breakfast and got dressed.
Most reflexive verbs are formed from non-reflexive ones: wash - wash, scold - scold. Some of the reflexive verbs without -sya (-сь) are not used: laugh, fight.
5. Form reflexive verbs.
Angry - __________________, warm - _____________________, captivate - _________________, calm - _________________, make happy - _______________, hug - _____________________, cry - ________________, comb - ___________________, button up - ____________________.
6. Replace with one word.
Greet each other when meeting().
Be in anxious state, feel excited().
Give consent().
Pack your things before the trip().
To make a mistake().
Show interest in something().
Feel offended().
Pay in full as required().
7. Eliminate the shortcomings in the word usage of careless students.
A girl plays with a doll. Three people play this game. Washed clothes sway in the wind. The passenger began to wait for the next stop. My sister made friends with a neighbor.
To the question How to determine the reflexivity of verbs? given by the author Caucasian the best answer is
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mother. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms.
Lzya
Answer from Deffachka[newbie]
Answer from Teenager[master]
Reflexive verbs have postvigs "sya". HP, get drunk (i.e., give yourself something to drink), wash (wash yourself),
Answer from Dazed[newbie]
Refundability/non-refundability
Verbs with word-forming suffix-xia: learn, laugh. See more details at
Answer from Irina Vanina[newbie]
look in the textbook
Answer from Bogdan Shpilevoy[active]
Verbs with the word-forming suffix -sya are called reflexive: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to like, to laugh, to doubt, etc.).
Answer from Dmitry Bakum[newbie]
Refundability/non-refundability
Verbs with the word-forming suffix -sya are called reflexive: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to like, to laugh, to doubt, etc.).
Reflexive verbs can transmit the following values:
1) the subject’s action is directed towards himself: to wash, comb his hair, tune in, humiliate himself; These verbs can usually be converted into a construction from themselves;
2) actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both a subject and an object similar action: make up, meet, kiss;
3) the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: build (build a house for himself), pack (pack his things); it is possible to rebuild in a design with for yourself, for yourself;
4) the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, get angry, have fun; worry;
5) potential active sign of the subject: the dog bites (may bite);
6) potential passive sign of an object: glass breaks (may break);
7) impersonality - to like, to be unwell, to get dark.
The question of the meaning of reflexive verbs is raised only in complex 2, where among the indicated meanings the “passive meaning” is described: the house is being built by masons. In linguistics, constructions of this kind are more often described as a personal form of the passive voice. A verb is in the passive voice if its subject position is a noun with the meaning of an object, not a subject of the action. However, in all three educational complexes, the morphological sign of voice is highlighted only in participles, therefore, according to school grammar, any verb with -sya is an independent word.
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mother. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms
Answer from Matvey Dokukin[newbie]
Verbs with the word-forming suffix -sya are called reflexive: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to like, to laugh, to doubt, etc.).
Answer from Ksenia Dyachkova[newbie]
Reflexive verbs are those that answer the question (what should I do?), and non-reflexive verbs that answer the question (what should I do?)
Answer from Vitalik Nubaryan[newbie]
Verbs with the word-forming suffix -sya are called reflexive: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to like, to laugh, to doubt, etc.).
Reflexive verbs can convey the following meanings:
1) the subject’s action is directed towards himself: to wash, comb his hair, tune in, humiliate himself; These verbs can usually be converted into a construction from themselves;
2) actions of several subjects directed at each other, each of which is both the subject and the object of a similar action: making peace, meeting, kissing;
3) the action is performed by the subject in his own interests: build (build a house for himself), pack (pack his things); it is possible to rebuild in a design with for yourself, for yourself;
4) the action of the subject, closed in the sphere of his state: worry, rejoice, get angry, have fun; worry;
5) potential active sign of the subject: the dog bites (may bite);
6) potential passive sign of an object: glass breaks (may break);
7) impersonality - to like, to be unwell, to get dark.
The question of the meaning of reflexive verbs is raised only in complex 2, where among the indicated meanings the “passive meaning” is described: the house is being built by masons. In linguistics, constructions of this kind are more often described as a personal form of the passive voice. A verb is in the passive voice if its subject position is a noun with the meaning of an object, not a subject of the action. However, in all three educational complexes, the morphological sign of voice is highlighted only in participles, therefore, according to school grammar, any verb with -sya is an independent word.
Usually reflexive verbs are intransitive - with rare exceptions: to be afraid, to be ashamed of mother. All reflexive verbs do not have passive forms. Verbs with the word-forming suffix -sya are called reflexive: learn, laugh. Most of them are formed from verbs without -sya (cook ® prepare), but there are also reflexive verbs that do not have this correspondence (to be afraid, to be proud, to be lazy, to hope, to like, to laugh, to doubt, etc.).