Consequences of early motherhood. What are the consequences of early pregnancy - pros and cons

In addition, early pregnancy entails many negative consequences, one of which is the stigma and contempt of society.

Teen pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurs before the age of 19 (according to some doctors, before the age of 21). The process of pregnancy and childbirth is no different from the processes that occur in the body of a mature woman, however, the risk of various complications increases significantly, as well as the development of pathologies in both the mother and the baby.

Risks early pregnancy

For a future teenage mother, the risk of anemia, toxicosis, gestosis, hypertension, miscarriage or premature birth, as well as a shortage required weight. Due to a figure that is not fully formed (for example, narrow hips), complications may arise during childbirth. There is a risk of birth injuries for the baby. The baby may be born underweight or premature, possibly developing intrauterine fetal hypoxia, as well as mental or physical developmental delay.

Negative consequences of early pregnancy:

1. Pregnancy in adolescence, first of all, can be life-threatening. Cases fatal outcome during childbirth in girls aged 15 to 19 years is 4 times higher than in women aged 25 to 29 years. However, it is not only future mom, but also an unborn baby. In the case of girls aged 10 - 14 years, the situation is even more complicated. If a girl of this age can carry and give birth to a live baby, then, most likely, he will have serious problems health, or he will die.

2. During early pregnancy, the question arises: what to do with your studies. Often girls who become young mothers abandon their studies and do not resume them in the future. In the future, the problem of employment arises, because... find a prestigious and high paying job without education and proper experience it is almost impossible.

3. Financial support for a young mother and baby. Many people have to rely only on government support, namely social security. Most of Teenage girls are unmarried, and about 75% of them are in full government care for five years. There is an opinion among experts that many teenagers, especially from disadvantaged families, become pregnant deliberately in order to receive financial support from the state and alimony from the child’s father. This is a kind of mechanism that helps them survive in poverty.

4. The young mother does not fully understand the full extent of responsibility, after all teenage pregnancy makes you plunge headlong into adult life with all its problems and difficulties without appropriate preparation. Children born from such parents often experience various disorders associated with improper care, malnutrition, etc. Such a mother does not know what the child needs and simply ignores his needs for affection and tactile sensations. But anger over a broken life is often transferred to the child and sometimes leads to physical violence.

What to do?

However main question in teenage pregnancy, which must be resolved as quickly as possible - to give birth or not to give birth. If you find out that you are pregnant, there are 3 options: give birth, not give birth, or give birth and give the child to adoptive parents.

The solution to such an issue must be approached with all responsibility and the decision taken must be carefully weighed and considered. If you decide to have an abortion, you should seek advice from qualified specialist, and under no circumstances resort to home methods and means of terminating a pregnancy or have an abortion performed by a private provider. This is very dangerous and can lead to you never knowing the joy of motherhood.

Regardless decision taken Teenage pregnancy will completely change the rest of your life. If such an event occurs in your family, try to support your child, because the expectant mother really needs warmth and care.

For many teenagers, the topic of sexual relations is one of the most interesting.

Few young men and women think about all the consequences of early sexual activity. Today, young people are increasingly having sex during their teenage years. Twenty years ago, girls had their first sexual experience at about 18-20 years old, now - at 15-16 years old. The reason for this is acceleration, unhealthy relationships in the family, coercion from a partner, the desire to meet imposed standards, fear of losing young man, being alone, and sometimes simple curiosity.

Early sexual activity brings enormous harm to a teenager's health. It disrupts the formation of the body and causes growth retardation. Teenagers who started early sex life, become lethargic, get tired quickly, study poorly, and cope worse with their work. A girl bears the brunt of the consequences of early sexual activity, from which she sometimes fails to fully recover for many years, and sometimes throughout her life.

In the first place is the danger of early pregnancy. Paradox adolescence And adolescence is that if the body is ready for sexual activity, it is practically not ready for childbirth, and the first abortion at a young age can forever deprive a woman of the joy of motherhood in the future. Chronic inflammatory process genital problems that arise as a result of early sexual activity often lead to infertility.

Sexually transmitted infections are a scourge for young girls. Within two years after their first sexual experience, half of teenage girls become infected with at least one of the three well-known sexually transmitted diseases: chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea. Girls who started having sex at age 15 subsequently develop cervical cancer 2 times more often than those who started sex at age 19 or later. When starting sexual activity, adolescents do not have the necessary information fully and therefore are easily exposed to the risk of STIs. They do not know what contraceptives to use and when to see a doctor. During casual sexual intercourse, conditions are created for infection with sexually transmitted infections, causing enormous harm. They cause severe inflammation of the genital organs, disruption of their function, sometimes inflammatory tumors are formed, requiring surgical treatment.

Based on the above, the conclusion suggests itself that a adequate sex education – extremely necessary measure to prevent all the negative consequences of early sexual activity. It is imperative to instill in young people that the fullness of love can be experienced by being a mature person in all respects. And perhaps then there will be less disappointment and tragedy in the lives of young people.

Early motherhood is dangerous for a woman and can have a negative impact on the child.

The level of psychological readiness for motherhood is influenced by various factors, including the degree of psychophysiological maturity. A woman’s age plays a big role, since women have different age groups characterized by physiological and psychological characteristics influencing readiness for motherhood.

Scientists claim that the age from 16 to 18 years is not favorable for the birth of a child, either physiologically or psychologically.

Modern science It has been established that, despite acceleration - the acceleration of the pace of individual development - the physical, intellectual and social maturity necessary for the birth and upbringing of a child does not occur at 16 - 18 years of age.

Kashapova S.O., examining the psycho-emotional and personal characteristics of girls aged 16 to 18 years who are expecting the birth of a child, concludes that pregnant women of this age are characterized by inadequate self-esteem, internal conflict, and infantilism. When comparing the results obtained with the data on the formation of the maternal sphere in women of optimal childbearing age, the author notes the distorted formation of the maternal sphere in girls under 19 years of age who are expecting the birth of a child.

In girls aged 18, the development of the body has not yet been completed. In particular, immaturity of the pelvic bones is the cause of premature birth and congenital deformities. Moral and social problems are of great importance at this age. These are also personal problems. The girl feels universal condemnation, her self-esteem decreases, she moves away from others, and the feeling of loneliness and uselessness increases. Problems arise in the relationship with the child. Girls aged 16 - 18 years old feel internal confusion, and the difficulties they experience can lead to cruelty towards the child.

Thus, a girl aged 16 - 18 is not ready to become a mother. Such an early pregnancy is undesirable not only due to the medical risk for mother and child, but also because of the moral and social climate, which is not at all favorable for further development young mother and her baby. Becoming a mother in adolescence, a young woman, due to social and mental immaturity, is not able to understand the full significance of the changes that have taken place in life and the responsibility that falls on her shoulders with the birth of a child. Its situation is aggravated by legal insecurity, imperfection current legislation regarding rights underage woman who became a mother. Often this circumstance is decisive in determining the fate of the born child. After all, perhaps the only right that equates her to adult single mothers is the right to transfer the child to a state children's institution for upbringing and full state support. A young mother often takes this step under compulsion - out of hopelessness and despair. And this step is explained, first of all, by her lack of independent means to existence, their home, conditions for the normal upbringing of a child.

Typically, young mothers leave school prematurely; they tend to work in the lowest paid jobs and experience greater job dissatisfaction. They are more likely to become dependent on state support. Young mothers must continue their own personal and social development, while at the same time trying to adapt to the 24-hour needs of the infant.

Often, teens who become pregnant face strong disapproval from their family or are already in conflict with their parents by the time they become pregnant. However, if they do not marry, they often have no choice and must continue to live at home in a dependent position during pregnancy and after childbirth. Therefore, in order to avoid such a situation, some teenage girls are motivated to get married and start their own household. But marriage is not always the best solution to a young mother's problems.

Some researchers believe that, despite the fact that early motherhood interferes with maturation, in many cases it is preferable to early motherhood in combination with early marriage. According to statistics, marriage in late adolescence is more likely to lead to dropping out of school than teenage pregnancy. In addition, those who get married at such a young age are more likely to get divorced than those who have a child first and get married later.

Children of teenage parents are also at a disadvantage compared to children of older parents. mature age. They may suffer because their parents lack experience in fulfilling adult responsibilities and caring for others. Because these young parents experience stress and frustration, they are more likely to neglect or abuse their children. Children of young parents are more likely to lag behind in development and cognitive growth. If factors such as poverty, disagreements between spouses and poor education parents, the chances of these problems occurring in the child increase.

However, some young parents do an excellent job raising their children while they continue to mature themselves. To do this, they almost always need help. The most important social task What remains is assistance to young parents and their children, aimed at ensuring that they develop successfully and become productive members of society.

Thus, it must be concluded that many mothers feel pressured, which is why young mothers often drop out of school and usually receive less education. They are also more likely to get unskilled, low-paid jobs. Over time, they are more likely to have family problems, which often lead to divorce. They are more likely to become dependent on government support.

Early pregnancy is a fairly common phenomenon these days, which poses a serious threat to both the young mother and the unborn baby. After all, although a young organism is already physiologically capable of performing reproductive function, the teenager’s organs and systems are not yet fully formed. This can cause numerous complications both during pregnancy and directly during the birth process. Pregnancy that occurs before a girl reaches the age of eighteen is considered to be early.

Causes of early pregnancy

Pregnancy in adolescence primarily relates to problems of a social and psychological nature. Some experts to the main reasons this phenomenon include early sex education, others, on the contrary, its absence. Psychologists have been able to identify a number of reasons that can lead to early pregnancy:

1. Lack of contact and trust between parents and child. Especially great importance has an atmosphere psychological trust between mother and teenage daughter.
2. Insufficient knowledge in the field of contraception and birth control. When a girl enters into the so-called childbearing age, that is, from the beginning menstrual cycle, it’s worth talking to her about where babies come from and how to avoid unwanted pregnancy.
3. Family problems. According to statistics, cases of teenage pregnancy most often occur in single-parent, asocial families, where the child is left to his own devices.
4. Early onset of sexual activity.
5. Following fashion. The increased popularity of sexual content in modern art and the media almost doubles the interest of adolescents in this topic, which leads not only to early, but also violent sex life with frequent changes partners and can cause unwanted pregnancy at a young age.
6. According to psychologists, girls with combat, conflicting nature, withdrawn and with a number of bad habits.
7. Pregnancy in early age may occur as a result of the rape of a girl or her desire to tie her lover to her. Both reasons are serious problems that can cause deep trauma to the fragile teenage psyche, and the help of a specialist is simply necessary here.

The impact of early pregnancy on the female body

Pregnancy at a young age is quite dangerous for the unformed female body, in which hormonal changes are still ongoing. At thirteen to seventeen years old, a girl is not yet physically prepared to become a mother. The body is not suitable for bearing and giving birth to a child. We should also not forget about the psychological factor. Even though the girl looks like a fully formed young woman, her psyche is still childish.

Fear of parents, fear of public condemnation, and lack of funds to support an unborn child often push a girl to have an abortion. This decision is also supported by the majority of parents, believing that in this way they are choosing the lesser of two evils. The disadvantages of early pregnancy are undeniable, but abortion in adolescence also entails many negative consequences. In particular, it may decrease significantly or completely disappear early factor pregnancy, which in the future can result in problems with conception and even cause infertility.

Therefore, only a qualified gynecologist can make a decision based on a comparison of a number of factors, individual indicators and results of medical examinations.

If still young girl decides to give birth, certain changes begin to occur in her body:

1. Increased gland activity internal secretion, leading to water retention in the body. In early pregnancy, this can cause serious damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system and negatively affect liver function.
2. Height muscle fibers leads to an increase in the size of the uterus, accompanied by active growth in the mucous membrane of nerve connections, blood and lymphatic vessels. It's extremely complex physiological process, which is especially difficult for young mothers, due to the fact that their genital organs are not yet fully formed due to age.
3. Hormonal changes that occur in a woman’s body to prepare her for childbirth and breastfeeding, layers on unfinished hormonal changes child's body into an adult, which can lead to serious failure and a number of health problems.
4. Expansion of the pelvic bones.

Complications and consequences of early pregnancy

What are the dangers of early pregnancy? Gynecologists identify the following possible complications:

1. Placental insufficiency.
2. Development severe forms anemia.
3. Preeclampsia.
4. High risk of miscarriage.
5. Frequent cases of premature birth.
6. Hormonal imbalances.
7. Numerous complications during the birth process.
8. Weak labor.
9. Polyhydramnios.
10. Immaturity of the egg.
11. Development of obesity after childbirth.
12. Termination of pregnancy in the early stages or, conversely, in the later stages.
13. Increased risk of maternal death during childbirth.
14. Insufficient body weight of the newborn.
15. Frequent cases of pathologies and congenital diseases in an infant (the likelihood of having babies with congenital anomalies in adolescents it is eleven percent).
16. Accelerated process of somatic maturation, nervous breakdowns and psychological disorders.
17. Childbirth with early pregnancy, according to statistics, doubles the likelihood of developing oncological diseases cervix.
18. High risk of sudden death syndrome in a newborn baby.
19. Statistics show that children born to mothers under seventeen years of age die in infancy twice as often as other newborns.

In addition, psychological and social problems early pregnancy. These include the following:

1. The girl's psychological unpreparedness for motherhood.
2. Difficulties in personal relationships between the mother and father of a newborn child.
3. Possible difficulties in construction personal life young mother.
4. Lack of livelihood and child support.
5. Problems with obtaining education and professional development.
6. Possible difficulties in further social adaptation.

How to diagnose early pregnancy

The general process for diagnosing early pregnancy is almost the same as for adult women. However, in most cases, a girl who becomes pregnant before the age of sixteen delays seeing a doctor, which can lead to additional problems. Sometimes pregnancy detection occurs completely by accident. For example, during palpation during an examination by a pediatrician or during a routine examination by a school gynecologist. Sometimes the expectant mother may long time and don’t even guess about yourself interesting position. Doctors have identified a number characteristic features, allowing parents to assume their daughter’s pregnancy:

1. Unreasonable permanent increase in body temperature.
2. Drowsiness, increased fatigue.
3. Characteristic nausea in the morning.
4. Possible changes in taste preferences.
5. Prolonged absence of menstruation. However, it should be noted that a delay in menstruation in adolescents can be caused not only by pregnancy, but also by hormonal imbalances, excessive physical exercise, exhaustion of the body, etc.
6. Chills, fever.
7. Frequent urination.

Parents should definitely pay attention to psychological condition your child. If the girl has become overly nervous, hidden, withdrawn and irritable, then try to bring her to a frank conversation, especially if her daughter has the above signs.

How to prevent early pregnancy

Prevention of early pregnancy primarily involves a trusting relationship between parents and their teenage child. What should parents do to protect themselves and their children from unexpected pregnancy? Psychologists suggest following these recommendations:

1. Talk to your teenager about contraceptive methods and problems associated with early pregnancy.
2. Periodically provide the girl with specialized literature on this topic.
3. If you have no contact with your teenager, try seeking help from a psychologist.

To prevent such a phenomenon as teenage pregnancy, it is important that school teachers and psychologists pay due attention to the issue of sex education. It is necessary to conduct thematic discussions, lectures, and watch relevant films.

It is important that adolescents know not only how to protect themselves from early pregnancy, but also what negative consequences its onset is fraught.

For many teenagers, the topic of sex is one of the most interesting. But few girls think about all the consequences of early sexual activity. Attraction to the opposite sex is a natural attraction that arises and develops during puberty. However, the appearance of sexual desire does not mean that human body has already reached puberty. The age at which girls first enter into sexual relations, plays a big role in the assessment of sex and the formation of further attitudes towards it. Girls, once confronted with rudeness and pain, can become disgusted for a long time with the process of sex, as such in general.
However, the girl is not ready to begin sexual activity not only mentally, but also physiologically. The girl’s body has not yet matured, the mucous membrane is not yet prepared for the start of sexual intercourse and is more vulnerable to the effects of an aggressive environment, which leads to various inflammatory diseases. Teenagers are also poorly aware of the presence of sexually transmitted diseases. There are more than 40 such infections, and one sexual contact is enough to become infected. And that's not only venereal diseases, but also HIV infection, viral hepatitis B and C. Girls who began early sexual activity are 5 times more likely to suffer cancer diseases cervix. Scientists have proven that cervical cancer is caused by the papilloma virus, which is sexually transmitted. An insufficiently formed young body does not cope well with this virus. When it enters a girl’s body early, it causes slow pathology of the cervix.
Also, early sexual intercourse can lead to a pregnancy that is completely unwanted at this age. And then the question arises - what to do? There are only two ways out of this situation, both negative: the first is abortion, the second is early birth. And often there is only one solution - abortion. The consequence of such an operation is infertility.
We should not forget about legal aspects early sexual life. The age of consent is, in criminal law, the age at which a person is considered capable of giving informed consent to have sex with another person. In most cases, an adult is legally responsible if he has sex with a person under this age. IN Russian Federation For the commission of sexual intercourse without the use of violence by a person over 18 years of age, a person under 16 years of age is subject to criminal liability. Age criminal liability For sexual assault or rape, the penalty is 14 years old, regardless of the age of the victim.