Medicinal herbs for sedation. Introduction

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medicinal plants with sedative properties

Introduction

Currently, there is a tendency towards an increase in the level of psychopathological disorders, especially various psychogenic neurotic disorders. The current situation is potentiated by various socio-psychological and biological factors(socio-economic problems, global information overload, chronic fatigue, environmental situation, deterioration in the quality of life), which leads to distress, manifested by increased fatigue, decreased performance, irritability, tension, anxiety, decreased mood, loss of habitual interests, anhidonia, unmotivated fears , sleep disorders.

But in view of the fact that most of these conditions are subclinical in nature (referring to the syndromic level of severity of psychopathological disorders, without acquiring clear nosological outlines), the development of pharmacotherapy for patients with these disorders is an urgent problem in domestic pharmacology.

Currently, sedatives are the most optimal for the treatment of neurotic conditions. The increased interest in sedative drugs by doctors and patients is due to the possibility of self-treatment, ease of use, ease of dosage, minimum contraindications and side effects. These properties are primarily due to the plant origin of most of the components, the relatively low concentration of active substances (in complex sedative preparations), which practically eliminates the possibility of overdose, as well as a wide range of indications for their use: vegetative neurosis, mild neurosis with phobic disorders, problems with falling asleep, irritability, neurasthenia.

One of the areas of application of sedatives are mild neuroses. Sedative drugs are, apparently, the oldest drugs used to treat diseases of the neuropsychiatric sphere. But at present, despite their venerable age, these drugs not only do not lose ground, but also come out ahead, due to the fact that among them there are new drugs that continue the traditions of the old ones.

Neurasthenia is a mental illness of a group of neuroses, the main manifestation of which is a state of annoying weakness: increased exhaustion and slow recovery mental processes. First place in clinical picture neurasthenia are asthenic manifestations: increased mental and physical fatigue, absent-mindedness, decreased performance, the need for a long rest, which, however, does not lead to full restoration of strength. The most common neurasthenic symptoms also include headache, sleep disturbances, somatovegetative disorders (dysfunction of cardio-vascular system, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, sexual function, etc.). The prevalence of neuroses (including neurasthenia) is very high and tends to increase. Treatment for these illnesses includes psychotherapy, sedatives, and vitamins.

The main clinical purpose of sedatives is to induce sedation (while reducing anxiety). Indications for their use are very wide, these drugs are among the most commonly prescribed in the world.

For the treatment of anxiety or sleep disorders, sedatives are usually given orally. Sedative drugs are best absorbed in the duodenum (at high pH values). Their transport in the bloodstream is a dynamic process in which drug molecules enter and exit tissues at a rate that depends on the amount of blood flow, concentration gradients, and the permeability of biological barriers. Fat solubility plays a major role in determining the rate at which a drug enters the CNS. Classical studies of most sedatives have shown that they rapidly redistribute from the brain, first to well-perfused tissues (skeletal muscle) and then to poorly perfused tissues. adipose tissue. This leads to the termination of the action on the central nervous system. Water-soluble metabolites of sedatives are excreted mainly by the kidneys. In most cases, impaired renal function does not significantly affect the excretion of the drug. The biotransformation of sedatives can be influenced by various factors, primarily age-related changes in liver function or changes that have occurred as a result of diseases, as well as an increase or decrease in the activity of microsomal enzymes under the influence of drugs. As a rule, a decrease in liver function leads to a decrease in the rate of transformation of almost all sedatives metabolized by the oxidative pathway.

Psychosedative drugs should reduce anxiety, have a calming effect, while showing a minimal effect on motor and mental functions. The degree of CNS depression caused by these agents should be minimal. These requirements are best met by herbal sedative preparations.

The main task of modern herbal medicine is to introduce into medical practice the maximum number of standardized phytopharmaceuticals (including those with a sedative effect) with a proven effect and dosage, as well as narrowing the scope of placebo phytopharmaceuticals, or the so-called illusory drugs. According to WHO and EU experts, despite the advances in synthetic chemistry, it is considered expedient to implement programs for the development and production of standardized effective and safe medicines based on the accumulated experience of traditional and traditional medicine in the world.

Due to the urgency of this problem, the purpose of my term paper is the definition of drugs with a sedative effect, the most widely used in medical practice.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:

definition, concept and characteristics of sedatives;

study of morphological and anatomical features of medicinal plants with sedative properties;

The chemical composition of medicinal plants with sedative properties;

The use of medicinal plants with sedative properties.

Chapter 1

neurosis sedative herbal preparation

1.1 Use of plants for medicinal purposes

Interest in healthy lifestyle life, which for many is associated primarily with the consumption of natural products, has literally captured the whole world today. Indeed, there is nothing wrong with buying food without harmful dyes and genetically modified additives, wearing silk and cotton clothes, living in houses made of wood and natural stone, well, and if necessary, take medicines from environmentally friendly plants. But the main thing here is not to fall into fanaticism and not reach the point of absurdity. After all, it is known that truth and benefit are always somewhere in the middle.

The use of medicinal plants that have come into fashion again is not always safe. Today you have tried one "weed", tomorrow - another. ... If you do it frivolously and thoughtlessly, then in best case you can not get the desired result, at worst - harm your health.

In order to "force" herbal remedies to have a beneficial effect on the body, one must be well versed in their properties. A non-specialist should hardly rely on his own knowledge here. In addition, one should be careful about the expected effect: for example, chinese lemongrass, which, according to the attached annotation, is a stimulant of the nervous system, relieves fatigue and increases endurance, in 5 percent of people it causes the exact opposite effect - lethargy and drowsiness. Application chokeberry has contraindications for peptic ulcer stomach and duodenum, helichrysum - with hypertension, peppermint - with hypotension, and St. John's wort - with elevated temperature. There are many such examples. And therefore, in order not to harm yourself or others with your advice, it is wiser to seek help from phytotherapeutists - certified doctors who are well versed in botany, and in pharmacognosy (the science of the chemical composition of plants), and in phytopharmacology, which takes into account the interaction of chemical compounds in plants - with each other and with other living organisms.

Despite the general popularity of herbal medicine and the demand for its preparations, today only 10 percent of the species in the entire diversity of flora have been subjected to comprehensive analysis. But even this modest figure gives the right to talk about the benefits and breadth of the use of plants for medicinal purposes, especially since in certain cases they do indeed successfully replace synthesized drugs. And this is especially important, given that the side effects of the latter, according to the World Health Organization, are one of the first causes of death in developed countries. However, general practitioners are reluctant to give up pharmaceuticals. According to the Allensbach Institute for Demoscopy in Germany, they account for approximately two-thirds of all treatments.

Herbal remedies have a milder and more gradual effect on the human body. True, this advantage is also a disadvantage that does not allow the use of phytotherapy (with some exceptions) when needed. Ambulance. In general, “all sorts of means are needed”: it is only important to avoid extremes and combine them correctly ...

1.2 Characterization of sedatives

SEDATIVES (sedativa; sedativus soothing) - drugs that have a calming (sedative) effect on the central nervous system. Unlike tranquilizers, sedatives are characterized by a less pronounced therapeutic effect, in therapeutic doses they do not have muscle-relaxing properties and do not cause ataxia. Sedatives do not have a hypnotic effect, but, having a calming effect on the central nervous system, they can contribute to the onset and deepening of sleep. With prolonged use of sedatives, drug dependence does not develop. They are used mainly for the treatment of neurotic conditions and insomnia. Among sedatives, there are preparations of plant origin and synthetic substances. Of the sedatives of plant origin, preparations of valerian officinalis, motherwort, passionflower, peony and some other medicinal plants are widely used in medical practice. Valerian preparations reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, and also have an antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the internal organs. As sedatives, infusion, tincture and thick valerian extract are used. In addition, valerian is part of a number of combined drugs(collecting a sedative, valocormid, etc.). Motherwort and passionflower herb preparations, as well as peony tincture, in terms of their effect on the central nervous system, correspond to valerian preparations and are used as sedatives for the same indications. Preparations from some medicinal plants containing cardiac glycosides, especially spring adonis, also have a sedative effect. A weak sedative effect is characteristic of menthol, which is integral part peppermint oil. Synthetic sedatives include bromides, including bromcamphor, which also affects cardiac activity, and some other drugs. So, in small doses, neuroleptics and hypnotics, including barbiturates, have a sedative effect. For example, phenobarbital has a sedative effect in doses of 0.01 - 0.03 g per dose. Long-term use of hypnotics as sedatives is not advisable. In a number of drugs, the sedative effect is concomitant with their main pharmacological action, which is typical for certain antihypertensive drugs (clofelina, methyldopa) and antihistamines(diphenhydramine, diprazine).

1.3 Statistics

The most popular traditional multicomponent herbal medicines worldwide are herbal preparations and extract preparations, while the latter among the herbal preparations are the most convenient and well standardized.

Over the past few decades, there has been an increase in public demand for herbal sedatives. Their consumption is growing every year, this is especially clearly seen in developed countries and countries with the so-called crisis economy.

According to the Institute for Public Opinion Research in Germany, more than 50% of respondents prefer treatment with herbal preparations, and only 20% believe that chemical agents are more reliable. According to WHO, about 80% of the world's more than 4 billion people rely primarily on traditional herbal medicines in their primary health care system. Demand for over-the-counter phytopharmaceuticals is growing all over the world: in Switzerland, the volume of these drugs reaches 36-40% of the total turnover on the pharmaceutical market, in the USA - 39%, in Japan - 18%, in Germany - 15%.

From the literature data, it is known that the most popular plants with a sedative effect used in folk and traditional medicine in Ukraine, Russia, Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Yugoslavia, Germany and Belarus (712 prescriptions in total) are: valerian officinalis (82%), mint pepper and lemon balm (61%), hawthorn (52%), St. John's wort (48%), common hop (18%).

Chapter 2 Medicinal plants that have a sedative effect

2.1 Valerian officinalis

Rhizoma with valerian roots - Rhizoma cum radicibus Valerianae

Valerian officinalis - Valeriana officinalis L.

perennial herbaceous plant up to 2 m high. The rhizome is short, vertical, seated with numerous adventitious roots up to 20 cm long. In the first year of life, a rosette of basal long-leaved leaves is formed, in the second, a flowering shoot grows. The stem is erect, simple, branching above, hollow, cylindrical, furrowed, glabrous or pubescent in the lower part. Leaves are opposite, pinnately dissected, with linearly lanceolate or ovate, coarsely toothed segments. The lower leaves are petiolate, the upper ones are sessile. The flowers are small, from pale pink to purple, collected at the top of the stem in large corymbose panicles.

Widely distributed throughout Russia, with the exception of the Far North and arid regions of Central Asia. Valeriana officinalis L. is a polymorphic species, representing a wide botanical variability of forms that are geographically isolated and confined to certain growing conditions. The main differences come down to the shape and size of the rhizomes, the nature of the leaf blade, omission, and the color of the flowers. The most common botanical forms belonging to the species Valeriana officinalis L. are marsh valerian (V. palustris Kreyer), brilliant valerian (V. nitida Kreyer), shoot-bearing valerian (V. Stolonifera Crezn.), Russian valerian (V. rossica Sm. ).

Valerian is found in coastal and floodplain meadows, among shrubs, in ravines and steppe groves, meadow and mixed grass steppes; confined to humid habitats. The largest stocks of valerian are concentrated in Ukraine, Belarus, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.

The rhizome with roots is harvested in autumn or early spring. Wild valerian is dug up by hand. The above-ground part of cultivated plants is first mown with mowers, and then the rhizome is plowed out using specially converted potato diggers. The excavated rhizomes are shaken off the ground, the remnants of the aerial parts are cut off, the dead roots are washed on the ground, piled up and dried under a canopy for 3-5 days, and then dried, laying out more thin layer in the open air, as well as in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 40 C. In the process of drying and drying, the raw material acquires a characteristic color and a specific smell. During drying and storage, raw materials should be protected from cats.

When valerian is cultivated, selection work is carried out both by increasing the content of biologically active substances in the plant and by increasing the mass of raw materials.

Chemical composition. Rhizomes with horses contain essential oil (bornylizovalerianate), the amount of which varies from 0.5 to 2% depending on the botanical form, growing conditions (for wild plants) and culture. In addition, isovaleric acid and borneol are in the free state. The sedative effect is due to the content of essential oil (0.5-2%), most of which is the ester of borneol and isovaleric acid. Sedative properties also have valepotriates (the sum of native compounds and their components) in raw materials reaches 0.5-1% and alkaloids - valerine and hatinine. Valerian promotes natural sleep. Valeric acid and valepotriates have a weak antispasmodic effect. In addition, the complex of biologically active substances of valerian officinalis exhibits choleretic action, enhances the secretory activity of the gastrointestinal mucosa, slows down the heart rate and dilates the coronary vessels.

Application. The rhizome with roots is used as a sedative in the form of decoctions; is part of the sedative, carminative, gastric fees. The raw material is used to obtain tincture, thick extract. Valerian preparations reduce the excitability of the central nervous system, enhance the effect of sleeping pills, and have an antispasmodic effect. They are used as sedatives for nervous excitement, insomnia, neurosis of the cardiovascular system, spasms, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian tincture is often combined with other heart sedatives in complex preparations. The rhizome with fresh valerian roots is used as a raw material for the production of tincture, which is part of the drug cardiovalen. Due to the sedative effect, valerian preparations are widely used for cardiac neurosis, neurasthenic conditions, overstrain, anxiety, agitation, fear, anxiety, menopausal disorders, hyperthyroidism, hysteria, epilepsy. In hypertension, to reduce the excitability of the cerebral cortex and reduce vegetative-vascular disorders. With chronic circulatory disorders, pain in the heart, palpitations, extrasystoles, paroxysmal tachycardia associated with a neurotic state. In early and late toxicosis of pregnancy as a sedative; with thyrotoxicosis. In dermatology for eczema, neurodermatitis, skin itching, urticaria, psoriasis. With neuroses of the stomach, accompanied by pains of a spastic nature, constipation and flatulence; with dysphagia, persistent cardiac spasm. In the complex therapy of obesity as an anorexigenic agent. Often, valerian preparations are prescribed along with other sedative and cardiac drugs, antispasmodics. Valerian enhances therapeutic effect small doses of chlorpromazine, stabilizes the vasodilating effect in angina pectoris, has a desensitizing effect, tones the vasomotor centers.

2.2 Common hop

Hop cones (hop seed) - Strobili Lupili

Common hop - Humulus Lupulus L.

Sem. hemp - Cannabaceae

Perennial dioecious liana, reaching a length of 3-6 m. The stems are curly, slightly woody, hexagonal, hollow, tenaciously rough, with hooks. Leaves entire or three -, spot-lobed with a deep heart-shaped notch at the base, opposite, glandular, pointed, serrated along the edge on long petioles. Flowers unisexual, axillary or apical: staminate - with a five-membered yellowish - green perianth, collected in paniculate inflorescences; pistillate - in cone-shaped oblong - elliptical light - green drooping catkins, growing into seedlings. Scales of cones from the inner wall are covered with small glands.

It is found almost everywhere in the European part of Russia, Western Siberia, except for the Far North, in the Caucasus, occasionally in Kazakhstan. It grows in damp places, in river valleys, in damp broad-leaved forests, shrub thickets. Despite significant natural reserves, the procurement of raw materials is difficult.

Seedlings (female cones) of hops are harvested in July - August, when they have a yellowish - green color. Harvest by cutting them together with the stalks so that they do not fall apart. The collected raw materials are dried quickly in the shade under a canopy or in well-ventilated rooms, spreading them in a thin layer on burlap or paper. Cultivated hops are harvested, as a rule, by hop harvesters. The best raw materials are obtained by drying in dryers at a temperature of 55-65 C and a layer thickness of 30-40 cm, active ventilation with heated air, when the cones are in suspension.

Chemical composition. Hop cones contain 0.1-1.8% essential oil, which includes myrcene, geraniol, linalool; bitter substances: humulon, lupulon; in addition, it contains tannins, flavonoids, organic acids.

Application. The fruits are used as a sedative, are part of the sedative collection. The essential oil of hops is part of the preparation valocordin, the extract is part of the preparations valosedan, hovalettin, passit. The sedative effect of hop cones is associated with the bitter substance lupulin. The complex of biologically active substances (flavonoids, hormones, vitamins, etc.) determines the anti-inflammatory, capillary-strengthening, hyposensitizing and analgesic properties of hop cones. In addition, herbal preparations of hop cones have regenerative, bactericidal and fungicidal properties. The antimicrobial activity of hop cones is explained by the presence of bitter acids humulone and lupulon. There is evidence of estrogenic activity of hop cone extract.

Hop cone preparations are used as sedatives and painkillers for increased nervous excitability, sleep disorders, vegetative-vascular dystonia and menopausal disorders (in combination with valerian and other sedative plants), as well as for gynecological diseases - menstrual disorders - amenorrhea, hypomenstrual syndrome against the background of estrogen deficiency of the ovaries, with algodysmonorrhea. For diseases urinary tract and kidney preparations of hop cones are used as anti-inflammatory, hyposensitizing, diuretic and regulating mineral metabolism. Due to the antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory action, hop preparations are effective for cystitis and urethritis; due to the content of bitterness - with asthenia and gastritis, as a tonic, improving appetite and digestion means. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-allergic properties of hop herbal preparations determine their therapeutic efficacy in skin diseases.

2.3 Passiflora incarnate

Herb passionflower incarnate - Herba Passiflorae incarnatae

Passiflora inkarnatnaya (passion flower meat-red) -

Passiflora incarnata L.

Sem. passion flowers - Passifloraceae

Perennial tropical vine. Rhizomes are long, horizontal, from the dormant buds of which new above-ground leafy and underground shoots develop. Stem climbing, up to 9 m long, herbaceous. Leaves on long petioles are deeply three-parted, up to 20 cm in diameter, with a finely serrated edge. Flowers solitary, large on long peduncles; sepals 5, they are lanceolate, leathery, bearing spiny outgrowths at the top. The corolla is very peculiar: it consists of five free petals and a “crown”; petals and "crown" of bright purple color.

Passionflower is native to tropical Brazil. Secondary natural habitat - subtropical areas North America as well as Bermuda.

Medicinal raw material is a herb. Under the conditions of cultivation on a state farm, marketable products are obtained already in the first year of laying plantations with rhizomatous seedlings. Plantation productivity increases with age. three collections are made during the summer: the first - when the main shoots reach 50-60 cm; the second - in the budding phase; the third - in the phase of mass flowering; collect the entire above-ground mass.

Chemical composition. The herb contains about 0.05% of the indole alkaloids - harmane, harmine, harmol. In addition to alkaloids, there are phenolic compounds (flavonoids, coumarins, quinones). Fruit juice is rich in ascorbic acid.

Application. A liquid extract (1:2) is prepared from the herb, which is used as a sedative for neurasthenia, insomnia, chronic alcoholism, climacteric disorders. Assign courses for 20-30 days strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

2.4 Five-lobed motherwort

Motherwort herb - Herba Leonuri

Five-lobed motherwort - Leonurus Quinquelobatus Gilib.

Sem. Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae

Herbaceous perennial. The stems are erect, branched in the upper part, tetrahedral, densely hairy, up to 100-150 cm high. Leaves with a heart-shaped base, opposite, petiolate from round-ovate to ovate to broadly lanceolate, up to 14 cm long, up to 10 cm wide, almost to the middle palmate-five-lobed, with large-toothed lobes. The pubescence of the leaves is soft-haired, grayish. The size and dissection of the upper and lower leaves vary greatly. The middle and lower leaves are large, palmate-five-parted; upper with a narrow short-bladed plate. The flowers are almost sessile, located in close whorls, in the axils of the leaves, at the top of the stem and its branches. Bracts awl-shaped with a point. The calyx is hairy on the outside, its teeth are triangular, ending in a hard point. Fruits - remaining in the calyx, hairy, olive-green four-nuts at the top, 2 mm long. Blossoms in June - July, duration of flowering 15-25 days. The fruits ripen in August-September.

It occurs almost throughout the European part of Russia. The main thickets are located in the forest-steppe regions, in the south and north of the steppe regions of the European part of Russia. It grows especially often in wastelands, near fences, walls of buildings, in old parks and near villages.

The grass is harvested in the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering. The main harvesting areas are the Volga region, the Voronezh region. When harvesting with knives, secateurs or sickles, the tops of the stems and their branches up to 30-40 cm long are cut off, preventing cutting of stems thicker than 5 mm. You can not pull out the stems with roots, as this leads to the death of thickets. With the right collection in the same place, it is possible to carry out harvesting for several years in a row, after which the thickets “rest” for 1-2 years. Usually the collection lasts 15-20 days. The collected raw materials are put into bags or car bodies lined with tarpaulins and immediately sent for drying, as raw materials in bags easily warm up and darken during drying. On plantations, harvesting begins at the beginning of flowering. Mow with headers on a high cut. The mowed mass is left in the field to dry, and then picked up and pressed. If weather conditions do not allow to dry the grass in the field, then the mowed mass is transported for artificial drying. Dry in dryers, in attics or under a canopy with good ventilation. In artificial dryers, heating of raw materials to a temperature of 50-60 C is allowed.

Chemical composition. The main biologically active substances are flavonol glycosides; the main ones among them are rutin, quinqueloside (compounds of apigenin with glucose and n-coumaric acid). There are also tannins (about 2%), saponins, steroid glycosides, traces of essential oil (about 0.03%). Of interest is the content in the flowering grass of the alkaloid stahidrine (up to 0.4%).

Application. The herb is used in the form of infusions and tinctures as a sedative and antipsychotic agent for cardiovascular neuroses, the initial stages of hypertension, cardiosclerosis, and increased nervous excitability. Motherwort herb cut-pressed is also used as a medicine. For medical purposes, it is also allowed to use the motherwort grass of mechanized harvesting, which is harvested from the cultivated plant motherwort cordial.

In folk medicine, motherwort is used for cardiovascular diseases, gastritis, colds respiratory tract. And in folk medicine Fresh Juice plants prefer infusion.

2.5 Peony evasive

Rhizome and root of the evading peony -

Rhizoma et radix Paeoniae anomalae

Grass peony evading - Herba Paeoniae anomalae

Peony evading - Paeonia Anomala L.

Sem. ranunculaceae - Ranunculaceae (peony - Paeoniaceae)

Peony evasive (Maryin root) - large, about 1m high, herbaceous perennial. The root system is powerful, consists of a multi-headed rhizome, from which spindle-shaped fleshy roots extend. Stems erect, unbranched, ribbed, mostly leafy in the upper half. The leaves are pinnately dissected with lanceolate lobes, the lower leaves are double or triple dissected. Flowers with a diameter of 13-18 cm are usually located one at a time at the top of the stem, have 5 sepals and 5 bright pink-red petals. The fruit is 2.5 cm long or more and consists of 5 leaflets surrounded at the base by a fleshy disk.

Distributed from the southeast of the Kola Peninsula to the western regions of Yakutia and Transbaikalia in the east, especially widely in Western and Eastern Siberia. Grows in sparse deciduous, birch, dark coniferous and mixed forests, taiga meadows, edges and clearings. Usually found scattered, in separate clumps, without forming large thickets.

Use rhizome and root, as well as grass. The aerial part is harvested during flowering (May-June), the roots can be harvested at any time during the growing season, but they are usually harvested simultaneously with the aerial part. The above-ground part is separated from the underground with a knife. Rhizomes and roots are washed in water.

To ensure the desired ratio of the dried mass of underground and aboveground organs 1:1, for every 100 kg of raw roots, 200 kg of raw grass must be prepared. At each site where raw materials are harvested, only grass is collected from some of the specimens, and the roots are left to renew the thicket.

In order not to damage the kidneys of renewal, the aerial part is not torn off, but cut off. Dry raw materials in attics or under sheds, in dryers at a temperature not exceeding 45-60 C; the underground part and the aboveground are dried separately.

Chemical composition. All parts of the plant contain essential oil in an amount of up to 1.2% in the grass and up to 1.6% in the roots; The main constituents of the oil are the aromatic compound peonol and methyl salicylate. The glycoside salicin is present, in which the aglycone is saligenin (O-hydroxybenzyl alcohol), free salicylic acid. The roots are rich in sugars (up to 20%), which gives them a sweetish taste, tannins (up to 300 mg / 100g), including essential ones - threonine, phenylalanine, leucine, tryptophan. The aerial parts contain the glycosides peoniflorin and peonolid.

Application. The raw material is used to obtain a 70% ethanol tincture (1:10), which has a calming effect. Used for neurasthenia with increased excitability, insomnia, vegetovascular disorders, hypochondria. Maryin root is very popular in folk medicine in the areas of its growth, as well as in Tibetan and Mongolian medicine, where it is used in postpartum period to restore the contractile activity of the uterus, with erosion and cancer of the uterus, gastrointestinal disorders, gout, rheumatism.

2.6 Peppermint

Peppermint leaf - Folium Menthae piperitae

Peppermint - Mentha piperita L.

Sem. Lamiaceae - Lamiaceae

Perennial herbaceous plant. The rhizome is horizontal, branched, with fibrous thin roots extending from the nodes of the rhizomes. Many young underground shoots develop from the rhizome, located close to the soil surface; some of them penetrate deep into the soil and acquire the character of rhizomes, others come to the surface of the soil and spread in the form of loops. Stems up to 100 cm high, 4-sided, glabrous or with sparse hairs, densely leafy, branching and leaf arrangement opposite opposite. The flowers are small, red-violet, arranged in semi-whorls, at the tops of the stems and branches close together in spike-shaped inflorescences. The whole plant has a characteristic strong aroma. Blooms from late June to September.

Peppermint was introduced into cultivation in Russia at the beginning of the 18th century. (in apothecary gardens). It is currently one of the leading commercial essential oil crops. The main areas of mint cultivation are the Ukrainian SSR, Moldova, North Caucasus, Voronezh region, BSSR. A lot of breeding work is being carried out to develop new varieties of mint with high yields, rich menthol content in oil and plant resistance to fungal diseases and pests.

Peppermint reveals a moderate sedative, antianginal, antihypoxic effect, choleretic, antiseptic, analgesic, antiemetic effect. The therapeutic effects are due mainly to the components of the essential oil, especially menthol. Menthol irritates the cold receptors of the oral mucosa, which stimulates the production and release of enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphins and peptides, which play an important role in the regulation pain, permeability and vascular tone, in the modulation of mediator systems. As a result, there is a reflex expansion of the vessels of the heart, brain, lungs. Menthol in combination with mint leaf flavonoids provides a choleretic effect. Esters of isovaleric acid cause a sedative effect.

Chemical composition. The inflorescences are the richest in essential oil (4-6%); the leaves contain up to 2.5% oil; it is almost absent in the stems. The main components of the oil are oxygen derivatives of monocyclic terpenes: menthol (40-70%), menthone (10-25%), pulegone, mentofuran, as well as menthol esters with acetic and valeric acids. AT mint oil in addition, terpenes are present: L - limonene, b - phellandrene, b- and c-pinenes.

Mint leaves contain ursolic and oleanolic acids (up to 0.5%), carotene (up to 40 mg/100 g), hesperidin, betaine.

Application. The leaves are part of the fees and are prescribed in the form of an infusion as a means of improving digestion, with intestinal cramps and nausea. Peppermint oil is widely used. It is introduced as a refreshing antiseptic in aromatic water, mint tincture, toothpastes and powders, rinses. It is an integral part of the preparations "Corvalol", "Valocordin"; soothing and antispasmodic effect due to the presence of menthol in the oil. Menthol is a part of complex preparations of cardiovascular action (validol, Zelenin drops, etc.), anti-migraine pencils, ointments and drops from the common cold, inhalation mixtures, etc. Peppermint preparations as part of mono- and combined preparations are used to treat increased excitability of the nervous system, neurosis, mild sleep disorders, cardialgia, angina pectoris, neurocirculatory dystonia with tachycardia and arterial hypertension; with dyskinesia and spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, dysbacteriosis, flatulence, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis; toxicoses.

2.7 Blood red hawthorn

Hawthorn flowers - Flores Crategi

Hawthorn fruit - Fructus Crategi

Blood red hawthorn - Crataegus Sanguinea Pall.

Sem. rosaceous - Rosaceae (Fig. 7)

Fig. 7 Hawthorn blood red

A - branches with flowers and fruits; B - raw materials: 1 - flowers, 2 - fruits

Deciduous tree. The bark is usually gray, unevenly cracked. The crown is ovoid or spherical; branches are strong, straight, often zigzag, round. Young shoots are initially light green, then red or brown, shiny; 2-year shoots are gray, usually covered with white lenticels. Numerous spines are characteristic - shortened shoots that develop from axillary buds simultaneously with leaves. Leaves are alternate, with stipules, short-petiolate, obovate with a cuneate base, more or less deeply lobed with a coarsely serrated margin. Inflorescences develop at the ends of shortened shoots of the current year, complex, corymbose, rarely simple, umbellate, usually many-flowered. The flower has 5 sepals, the corolla with a diameter of 1.0-2.5 cm consists of 5 white petals. Fruits are apples, spherical, ellipsoidal, ovoid, red with 1-5 seeds; the pulp is dry, mealy or juicy, the tops of the stones are usually free, covered with only a thin layer of the epidermis. The ossicles are rounded, trihedral, laterally compressed, keeled, yellowish or brownish.

It grows in sparse forests, edges, river banks in the forest-steppe, on the northern outskirts of the steppe and in the southern part of the forest zone of Siberia and the eastern regions of the European part of Russia.

Flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering, when some of them have not yet opened. Flowers collected at the end of flowering darken when dried; in the case of collection, it does not dry for a long time and turns brown. Raw materials are collected in baskets and laid out for drying no later than 1-2 hours after collection. Hawthorn blooms very quickly, sometimes in 3-4 days, especially in dry, hot and windy weather. Flowers are dried in dryers at a temperature of 40 ° C, in attics, under sheds or in rooms with good ventilation, spreading out in a thin layer on paper or cloth. Due to the hygroscopicity of raw materials, the room where the flowers are dried must be closed at night. Ripe fruits are collected in bags or baskets. The harvest period is about a month. The harvesting of fruits does not lead to the depletion of thickets, so annual harvesting from the same bushes is possible. The fruits are dried in dryers at a temperature of up to 70 ° C on the grates, then aired to separate the stalks, sepals and other impurities.

Chemical composition. Flavonoids (hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin, etc.), tannins, polysaccharides, fatty oil, phenolcarboxylic acids (chlorogenic, coffee) were found in the fruits; flowers contain flavonoids: hyperoside, quercetin, vitexin, vitexin-rhamnoside; triterpene saponins (ursolic and oleanolic acids); essential oil, amines (trimethylamine, choline, acetylcholine).

Application. Therapeutic action preparations of hawthorn is mainly due to the content of polyphenolic compounds. Infusion of flowers and fruits, tincture of flowers and liquid extract of fruits are used as a cardiotonic agent for functional disorders of cardiac activity, palpitations, heart weakness after suffering serious illnesses, with ingioneurosis, initial forms of hypertension, insomnia in patients with heart disease and with hyperthyroidism with tachycardia ; recommended for elderly people with circulatory failure, especially in menopausal diseases, atherosclerosis. Liquid fruit extract is part of cardiovalen. Briquettes of hawthorn flowers are produced.

In folk medicine, a leaf, young shoots are also used for insomnia, fever, and nervous excitement.

2.8 St. John's wort

St. John's wort - Herba Hyperici

St. John's wort - Hypericum Perforatum L.

Sem. St. John's wort - Hypericaceae (Fig. 8)

Fig. 8 St. John's wort

A - flowering plant; B - raw materials

Perennial herbaceous plant. Stems glabrous, 30-80 cm high, with two protruding ribs, oppositely branched in the upper part, leafy. The leaves are opposite, 1-3 cm long, 2-8 mm wide, with numerous glands clearly visible in the light. Numerous flowers are collected at the top of the stems in broadly paniculate or almost corymbose inflorescences. The calyx is five-parted; corolla 5-petaled, petals 12-15 mm long, golden yellow, with black dots and dashes along the edge. The fruit is a multi-seeded, three-celled pod.

It is distributed almost throughout the European part of Russia, in the Caucasus, and in Western and Eastern Siberia (with the exception of the northern regions), as well as in the mountains of Central Asia. Grows in dry valleys, less often in floodplain meadows, forest edges and clearings, in sparse forests and among bushes.

The main harvesting areas are the forest-steppe and forest regions of Ukraine, Belarus, East Kazakhstan, the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Territory. The grass is harvested in the flowering phase before the fruit appears. When harvesting, leafy tops up to 25-30 cm long are cut off, without rough stem bases. Uprooting of plants with roots is not allowed, as this leads to the destruction of thickets and a decrease in the quality of raw materials. Dry in attics, under sheds or in rooms with good ventilation, laying out a thin layer (5-7 cm) on paper, cloth or wire mesh and stirring periodically. It is better to dry in dryers with artificial heating at a temperature not exceeding 40ºC.

Chemical composition. The herb contains: essential oils, flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin, quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetin, myricetin), tannins, triterpene saponins, vitamins.

The main active substance of St. John's wort - hypericin - improves the functional state of the central and autonomic nervous system, reveals an antidepressant effect (associated with inhibition of MAO activity, mainly MAO type A), has a moderately pronounced sedative effect. St. John's wort preparations exhibit a tonic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, wound healing, regenerative effect.

Application. Grass is prescribed in the form of infusion, tincture and drug novoimanin. Applied inside with colitis, externally for the treatment of burns, lubrication of the gums and rinsing the mouth with gingivitis and stomatitis. Novoimanin is a purified extract from St. John's wort. A 1% alcohol solution of Novoimanin has an effect mainly on gram-positive microorganisms, including staphylococci resistant to other antibiotics. It is used in the treatment of abscesses, phlegmon, infected wounds. St. John's wort preparations are prescribed for the treatment of symptomatic and reactive depressions, anxiety, sleep disorders, and also as an additional remedy for endocrine depression (especially in menopause), for diseases of the lungs, stomach, intestines, gallbladder.

It is widely used in folk medicine for eczema, dermatitis, diseases of the liver, bladder, heart, intestines, gout, rheumatism.

Chapter 3 The main sedatives of plant origin (doses, methods of application, forms of release, storage conditions)

Infusion of rhizome with valerian roots (Infusum rhizomatis cum radicibus Valerianae)

Prepare at the rate of 6-10 g of rhizome with roots per 180-200 ml of water. It is prescribed for adults 1-2 tablespoons, older children - 1 dessert spoon, children early age(based on 2 g per 100 ml) - 1 teaspoon 3-4 times a day. Briquettes of rhizomes with valerian roots are produced, made from crushed raw materials. The briquette is divided by grooves into 10 equal slices of 7.5 g each. To prepare the infusion, take 1-2 slices of the briquette, pour a glass of cold water, boil for 5 minutes, then filter through gauze. Adults are prescribed 1 tablespoon, older children - 1 dessert spoon, children younger age- 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day (before meals). Valerian Tincture (Tinctura Valerianae)

Tincture with 70% alcohol (1:5). A clear reddish-brown liquid with a characteristic odor and a bitter-sweet spicy taste. Darkens under the influence sunlight. Adults are prescribed 20-30 drops per reception 3-4 times a day, for children - as many drops per reception as the child is. Release form: in bottles of 30 ml. Valerian extract thick (Extractum Valerianae spissum)

Thick mass of dark brown color with a characteristic smell of valerian, spicy-bitter taste. Applied in the form of coated tablets (0.02 g thick valerian extract each), 1-2 tablets per dose. Tablets are convenient to take, but freshly prepared valerian infusion has a more pronounced effect.

Collection sedative (Species sedativae)

The collection contains rhizome with valerian roots - 1 part, peppermint and water shamrock leaves - 2 parts each, hop cones - 1 part, prepared at the rate of 2 tablespoons (8-10 g) of the collection, placed in an enamel bowl, pour 200 ml of hot boiled water, cover with a lid, heat in a boiling water bath for 15 minutes, cool for 45 minutes at room temperature, filter, squeeze and add boiled water to 200 ml.

Take 1/4 - 1/3 cup 1-2 times a day after meals. Ready infusion is stored in a cold place for no more than 2 days.

Valocormid (Valocormidum)

Combined preparation containing tinctures of valerian and lily of the valley 10 ml each, belladonna tincture 5 ml, sodium bromide 4 g, menthol 0.25 g, distilled water up to 30 ml. Transparent liquid of brown color, salty taste with a smell of valerian and menthol. In composition and action, it is similar to the so-called Zelenin drops. Calming and antispasmodic. It is mainly used for neurotic conditions accompanied by bradycardia. Assign inside (before meals) adults 10-20 drops 2-3 times a day. Release form: in vials of 30 ml. Storage: list B; in a place protected from light.

Valosedan

Combined preparation containing valerian extract 0.3 g, hop tincture 0.15 g, hawthorn tincture 0.133 g, rhubarb tincture 0.83 g, sodium barbital 0.2 g, ethyl alcohol 20 ml, distilled water up to 100 ml. A sedative that works like others complex preparations, which include sedatives in combination with small doses of barbiturates. Used for neurosis and neurosis-like conditions, 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day. Storage: list B. Corvalol (Corvalolum)

Combined preparation containing ethyl ester of b-bromoisovaleric acid about 2%, phenobarbital 1.82%, sodium hydroxide (to convert phenobarbital into soluble phenobarbital sodium) about 3%, peppermint oil 0.14%, a mixture of ethyl alcohol 96% and distilled water up to 100%.

Colorless transparent liquid with a specific aroma. It has a sedative, antispasmodic and some vasodilating effect. Corvalol is used for neurosis, insomnia, early stages hypertension, with spasms of smooth muscles of the intestine. Assign inside (before meals) for adults 15-30 drops 2-3 times a day, with vascular spasms, a single dose of Corvalol can be increased to 45 drops.

Corvalol is well tolerated; Even with prolonged use of the drug, side effects are usually not observed. In some cases, drowsiness and slight dizziness may occur during the daytime; when the dose is reduced, these phenomena disappear. Release form: solution in orange glass dropper bottles of 15 and 25 ml. Storage: list B; in a place protected from light at a temperature not exceeding 15 °. The preparations valocordin and milocordin are similar in composition and action to Corvalol. Motherwort herb infusion (Infusum herbae Leonuri)

Prepare at the rate of 15 g of grass per 1 glass of water. Assign inside adults 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day before meals. Used as a sedative for increased nervous excitability, cardiovascular neurosis, in the early stages of arterial hypertension. According to the nature of the action, motherwort preparations are close to valerian preparations. Release form: crushed raw materials in bags of 50, 75, 100 and 150 g. Motherwort tincture (Tinctura Leonuri)

Tincture (1:5) in 70% alcohol. Transparent liquid of greenish-brown color with a bitter taste and a slight odor. Used as a sedative for increased nervous excitability, cardiovascular neurosis, in the early stages of arterial hypertension. According to the nature of the action, motherwort preparations are close to valerian preparations. Assign inside adults 30-50 drops 3-4 times a day (before meals). Release form: in dropper bottles of 25, 40 and 50 ml.

Motherwort extract liquid (Extractum Leonuri fluidum)

Used as a sedative for increased nervous excitability, cardiovascular neurosis, in the early stages of arterial hypertension. According to the nature of the action, motherwort preparations are close to valerian preparations. Assign inside adults 15-20 drops 3 times a day before meals. Release form: in dark glass bottles of 25 ml. Storage: in a cool, dark place. Peony Tincture (Tinctura Paeoniae)

The tincture is prepared from crushed underground parts and herbs, taken equally in 70% ethanol (1:10). It is used as a sedative for neurasthenia with increased excitability, insomnia, hypochondria. Assign inside adults 30-40 drops 3 times a day. Release form: in orange glass bottles. Storage: list B; in a cool, dark place.

Passiflora extract liquid (Extractum Passiflorae fluidum)

Alcohol solution. The liquid is dark brown or dark brown in color, with a peculiar aromatic odor, bitter taste. Assign with increased excitability and insomnia, 20-40 drops 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 20-30 days. Release form: in dark-colored bottles of 25 ml. Storage: in a cool, dark place. Contraindications: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis.

Conclusion

“There is grass for every disease,” says folk wisdom.

Currently, among other diseases, the greatest danger is the pathology of the cardiovascular system, which in the structure of the total morbidity is 10-15%, being one of the main causes of disability and mortality.

In conclusion, it should be said that, firstly, the use of modern phytopreparations included in the State Register of Medicines at the preclinical stage of the formation of syndrome complexes of neuropsychiatric disorders - with neurotic reactions, can be a monotherapy method that eliminates the need to prescribe a variety of psychotropic and other drugs to patients.

Secondly, preventive courses of herbal medicine, taking into account personal or other psychological characteristics, as well as the specific specifics of life, should be carried out in patients with previously diagnosed borderline neurological disorders. mental disorders, but in this moment clinically undetectable, when their life or work from a certain time will be associated with the action of psycho-traumatic or other negative factors.

Thirdly, phytotherapy dramatically increases the effectiveness traditional treatment, provides more complete remission and high quality life of patients with certain syndromic manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Etiology, pathogenesis and symptoms of diseases accompanied by disruption of the central nervous system. The appointment of tonic drugs. Chemical composition and morphological and anatomical characteristics of plants with a tonic effect.

Today, people often suffer from various mental disorders. There are many reasons for this state: polluted ecology, overtime work, rhythm of life, food "on the go". The body simply cannot withstand such a load, as a result of which a person becomes restless, tired, irritated, sleep disturbance occurs. Sometimes, it is very difficult to get out of this state on your own and you need the help of a specialist.

To combat stress, you need to change your lifestyle. Pay more attention to rest, sports, walks on fresh air, establish proper nutrition. Calming herbs can be of great help in treatment. Tinctures are prepared from them, medicines are produced, and they are used for water procedures.

It is known that any pharmaceutical product, even based on plants, contains other elements that can adversely affect the body.

Therefore, it is worth considering the use of sedative herbs that have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, normalize sleep, relieve fatigue and irritation.

Action

Science has not yet sufficiently studied the mechanism of action of drugs based on medicinal herbs. However, it has been proven that sedatives are able to restore the functioning of the central nervous system and reduce its excitability. Compared to chemicals, these agents do not affect skeletal muscles do not cause ataxia. In addition, sedative drugs, even when used for a long time, do not cause dependence on them.

Most often, sedative preparations based on medicinal herbs are used to treat nervous disorders: motherwort, valerian, passionflower, peony, etc. pharmacological actions quite extensive. For example, valerian has not only a calming effect, but also antispasmodic and choleretic. Also, this plant improves heart function, normalizes its rhythm and blood circulation.

Peony is used as an anticonvulsant, and lemon balm is endowed with such properties as antipruritic, antiarrhythmic, antispasmodic. List useful action Melissa is wide. It has a choleretic effect, improves the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, lowers the temperature, improves the functioning of the sex glands, relieves toxicosis of pregnant women.

Indications for use

Herbal sedatives are used for a wide variety of psychiatric indications.

The most serious indications include such factors:

• Strong irritable state.
• Anger and aggression directed at other people.
• Inability to relax due to frequent pain and itching.
• Loss of sleep over time.
• Loss of complete control over emotions.

Some nervous disorders are accompanied by a specific rash on the skin. Sedative drugs are often used in the treatment of eczema caused by strong feelings, stress. The use of sedatives in this case helps to normalize the functioning of the nervous system and remove dermatosis.

Admission rules

In order for the drugs to bring maximum benefit to the patient, it is necessary to follow some rules for taking them. Medicines should be taken in the minimum dose. If they are consumed in the evening 2-3 hours before going to bed, they will bring the greatest benefit body. With advanced disease, the doctor prescribes sedatives several times a day.

The doctor also prescribes a special course of treatment with sedative medications. For them to work most effectively, they need to be taken for 3 weeks. Then the patient should rest for 2 weeks, after which the treatment is resumed.

Sedatives to eliminate mental problems are best taken on the recommendation of a specialist. Otherwise, the drug can be harmful to health, as it has some contraindications. Therefore, you need to be very careful about the independent use of sedatives, which can also cause allergic effects.

Soothing herbs: a list of healing fees

Herbs with a sedative effect are the safest to use. Such tinctures affect the body much milder than pharmacy chemicals. In addition, sedative herbs are not addictive. And their therapeutic effects are not inferior even to strong drugs. It is worth noting that the rapid effect of the use of sedatives with natural ingredients not worth the wait. With proper medication, improvement will come after a while.

List of medicinal herbs

Medicinal herbs should be collected in ecologically clean places or grown in your garden. In any case, you can always buy ready-made raw materials in a pharmacy. The list of herbs that have a sedative effect is huge.

But there are plants that are most often used for disorders of the nervous system:

• St. John's wort. It is useful to use to eliminate anxiety.
• Chamomile. Calms the nervous system and relieves muscle tension.
• Motherwort. It has strong sedative properties. Under reduced pressure, the use of grass is not recommended.
• Sagebrush. With the help of this herb, you can get rid of insomnia, as well as from a hysterical state.
• Valerian. It is able to relieve nervousness and eliminate excitement. A high dose of the drug can have an exciting effect on a person.
• creeping thyme. Used to calm the nerves and improve sleep.
• Adonis. A herb with a sedative effect is able to increase the tone and normalize the emotional background of the patient.

What can be done during pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman is often in a state of nervous imbalance. Her mood swings can change all the time. The reason for this phenomenon is hormonal changes in the body. At this moment, it is bad not only for the woman, but also for the baby in the womb, which depends on her mood.

To mental development the child proceeded correctly and to maintain his health, it is necessary to take sedatives. Most the best option in this case, it's herbal teas. However, they should be consumed only after the advice of a doctor.

For the future mother and her child, you can use teas from such herbs: chamomile, motherwort, lemon balm, jasmine. During pregnancy, you can also prepare a drink from valerian. However, it should be used in small doses and not for a long time.

Alcohol infusions from herbs with a sedative effect should not be taken during pregnancy. It is better to prepare your own infusion on water or herbal tea. Such teas will calm the nervous system of the expectant mother, as well as relieve excessive anxiety, anxiety and improve the quality of sleep.

For small children

Young children especially need calmness and quality sleep. Every day, their brain perceives a lot of impressions and knowledge, with which its growing body copes with difficulty. As a result, the child does not sleep well, refuses to eat, and is often naughty.

In this case, soothing herbs will help. To do this, you can brew light teas, use a bath for bathing with the addition of herbs. At the same time, it is necessary to prepare in advance herbal infusion. Sometimes scented candles based on medicinal plants are used. Also, the doctor may advise you to apply these methods in combination.

For children, you can use the following herbs with a calming effect: chamomile, calendula, thyme, mint, motherwort. Most often, a string is used to bathe a baby. This plant not only perfectly relaxes, but also helps with diathesis and diaper rash. All of the above herbs are able to calm the nervous system, fight harmful bacteria on the skin, reduce inflammation. Calming herbs used both for bathing and for oral administration.

Pharmacy funds

Herbal medicines, in comparison with chemical analogues, have safe properties. They practically do not have side effects and also do not affect the liver and digestive organs. Some herbal tinctures are prepared with alcohol, due to which the medicine is absorbed much faster by the body. Basically, plants such as valerian, motherwort, hawthorn are used for this.

Many of today's herbal sedatives may include: mint, chamomile, peony. Each plant has a powerful calming effect. Today, manufacturers produce many drugs for the treatment of nervous disorders. There are herbal medicines that contain chemical elements. These include such combined preparations: Novo-Passit, Persen.

Sedative herbs: recipes and methods of preparation

The human nervous system is often overloaded with stress, experiences, and therefore malfunctions.

Develops over time nervous exhaustion and a number of diseases. Experts recommend paying attention to this problem in time. On the initial stage good spirits can be restored with the help of medicinal plants. They have a beneficial effect on the body and do not harm it.

In this, sedative herbs have a significant advantage over pharmaceutical chemicals.

Recipes and cooking methods

There are many different recipes for making herbal infusions and teas. The plant world of medicinal herbs is large, so they can be changed every week. For serious mental disorders, a collection of 3-5 medicinal plants is used. Each of them performs its own functions, and also perfectly complement each other.

The most popular sedative is mint or lemon balm tea. To prepare such a drink, 1 tsp. raw materials are poured with 1 cup of boiling water and infused for several minutes. The tea is fragrant and calms the nerves well.

Soothing decoction of mint and St. John's wort with the addition of fireweed. This combination of herbs is suitable for people who are constantly under stress. The decoction calms and helps not to react to conflicts. To prepare the drink, we take herbs 1 tsp each. each and mix in a bowl. Now add 1 liter of hot boiled water. You need to insist until it cools down completely. This infusion should be drunk daily for one week.

Infusion from herbal collection: mint, lemon balm, fireweed chamomile, and hop cones. We mix all the ingredients for 1 tsp. The drink can be infused in a thermos: for a portion of the mixture - 250 ml of boiling water. Infuse for about 2 hours, and then strain the liquid. Take an infusion of 50 ml before meals up to 5 times a day. The course of treatment is 10 days.

If it is not possible to collect medicinal herbs on your own, then you can always purchase them at a pharmacy. They are sold individually or ready-made fees. To everyone sedative Instructions are included on how to prepare the drug.

Sedative herbs are often used for water procedures. To calm the nervous system, it is useful to add 2-3 drops of peppermint, rosemary or lemongrass oil to a warm water bath. The procedure should last 15-20 minutes. An olive-citrus bath soothes well. Enough 1 lemon and 1 tbsp. olive oil. Citrus cut and pour warm water for infusion. Then pour the infusion into the bath along with the oil.

Tea, tincture

In nature, there are many plants that can stop the inflammatory processes of the nervous system. Experts recommend preparing teas and tinctures from them. To do this, you can use the following herbs: chamomile, lavender, mint, motherwort, linden, Ivan-tea, etc. Such sedative teas act on the body only after a while with their constant use.

All herbs that are recommended for making drinks have a powerful sedative effect. Before taking them, you should visit a doctor for a consultation. The fact is that even such useful medicinal herbs have their contraindications. In addition, the wrong dosage can lead to side effects.

Syrup

Sedatives in the form of syrup for adults and children can be bought at a pharmacy. This form of medicine is available without a prescription. In addition to active components from medicinal herbs, their composition includes vitamins C and B6 and flavored additives. Basically, sedative syrups are intended for children. The tool is used for 2 tsp. after meals 4 times a day. The course of treatment is from 15 to 30 days.

Sedative effect (sedativus soothing) - a sedative effect, removal or reduction of emotional stress without a hypnotic effect, a decrease in the excitability of the central nervous system.

Medicinal plants with a sedative effect facilitate the onset of natural sleep, lengthen drug sleep, reduce spontaneous motor activity, enhance inhibitory processes and increase the excitability threshold of the cerebral cortex. Indications for use: increased nervous excitability, anxiety, sleep disorders, neurotic reactions, stress.

Most often, herbal remedies are used as sedatives: valerian officinalis, motherwort, middle patrinia (stone valerian), mint, incarnate passionflower, lemon balm, evading peony, a tropical plant of the kava-kava pepper family, etc.

Common hops were also previously considered a sedative, and the sedative effect was attributed to the bitter substances contained in hop cones and glands - humulon and lupulon. However, later it was found that these substances have a calming effect only on cold-blooded animals (frogs), and do not act on mammals and humans. However, preparations of hop extract, tincture) are sometimes added to some combination sedatives.

A number of plants containing cardiac glycosides, especially spring adonis, have a sedative effect. Experimental studies indicate that aglycones of cardiac glycosides - strophanthidine, erizimidin - have a sedative effect. Weak sedative properties also has menthol, which is an integral part of peppermint oil.

AT clinical practice not only preparations of individual medicinal plants are used, but also combined herbal preparations - collections of medicinal plants that have a sedative effect (valerian and motherwort, sedative preparations, etc.), for the preparation of infusions, decoctions; preparations containing combinations of extracts of various medicinal plants: solutions (novo-passit, doppelgerz lemon balm, etc.), dry matter for making tea (nervoflux), dragees (persen, etc.). Preparations are also produced (for example, PAKS), which, in addition to extracts of medicinal herbs, include vitamins and minerals.

Herbal sedatives

Shredded raw materials are produced in various packaging; briquettes from crushed raw materials; valerian tincture (at 70% alcohol, 1:5) in 30 ml vials; thick valerian extract in the form of coated tablets, 0.02 g each. Infusions (6; 10 or 20 g per 180 - 200 ml of water) or decoctions (2 tsp per 1 glass of water) are prepared from crushed raw materials, their appoint inside adults 1-2 table. l. 3-4 times a day. For children, infusion and decoction are prepared at the rate of 4-6 g of raw materials per 200 ml of water and given 1 teaspoon, dessert or tablespoon (depending on age). Tincture is prescribed for adults, 20-30 drops per reception, for children - as many drops as the child is old; the multiplicity of reception - 3-4 times a day. The extract is prescribed for adults, 1-2 tablets per dose.
Valerian and its components are part of numerous herbal preparations and combined preparations containing synthetic S. s. (bromides, barbiturates) and drugs of other groups.

Kava kava - rhizomes.

Preparations "Antares 120" (tablets) and "Laytan" (capsules) contain a dry extract of rhizomes, respectively, 400 and 50 mg, incl. kava-lactone 120 and 35 mg. used as a sedative and sleeping pills, and also as an additional remedy for acute and chronic enterocolitis, urinary tract infections. The dose is selected individually. Possible side effects: lethargy, symptoms of irritation parenchymal organs, allergic and paradoxical (excitation) reactions. Contraindications: acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrosonephritis, renal failure.

Melissa officinalis - herb.

Filter bags contain 1.5 g of medicinal raw materials. The infusion is prepared at the rate of 1-2 filter bags per 200 ml of water, taken after meals, 30-50 ml 2-4 times a day, and in order to normalize digestion - 15-20 minutes before meals.
Passiflora incarnate - herb.

Passiflora extract liquid is produced in bottles of 25 ml. Assign adults 20-40 drops 3 times a day for 20-30 days. Contraindications: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, severe atherosclerosis.

Peony evasive - grass and roots.

Peony tincture is produced (10%, 40% alcohol) in 200 ml bottles. Assign adults inside (before meals) 30-40 drops 3 times a day for 30 days. After a 10-day break, the treatment can be repeated.

Motherwort is a herb.

Cut raw materials are produced, including pressed in round briquettes; motherwort tincture (at 70% alcohol, 1:5) in dropper bottles of 25 ml; liquid motherwort extract in vials of 25 ml. Raw materials are used to prepare infusions (15 g of herbs per 1 glass of water). The infusion is taken orally, before meals. Adults are prescribed 1 table. l. 3-4 times a day. For children, the infusion is prepared and dosed in the same way as the infusion of valerian. Tincture adults are prescribed 30-50 drops 3-4 times a day, children are given as many drops as the age of the child. The extract is prescribed 15-20 drops (adults) 3-4 times a day.

Phytopreparations of combined composition

Soothing collections No. 2 and No. 3 - vegetable raw materials for the preparation of infusions.

Collection No. 2: valerian rhizomes with roots (15%), motherwort herb (40%), hop cones (20%), mint leaves (15%), licorice root (10%).
Collection No. 3: valerian rhizomes with roots (17%), sweet clover herb (8%), thyme herb (25%), oregano herb (25%), motherwort herb (25%).
Infusions are prepared at the rate of 8-10 g of collection per 200 ml of water, administered orally in 1/4-1/3 cup (adults) 1-2 times a day after meals.

I.V. Voskoboynikova, V.K. Kolkhir, T.E. Trumpe, T.A. Sokolskaya,
CJSC FPC PharmVILAR, All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow

Prevention and treatment of neurotic disorders is one of the most urgent problems of modern pharmacology. This is especially important for Russia, where there are a huge number of provoking factors for the development of such diseases.

As a rule, neurotic reactions develop as a result of exposure to stress factors, which include mental trauma, specific features of the profession ("manager's syndrome"), unfavorable living conditions. Neurotic disorders are manifested by depressed mood, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, absent-mindedness, self-doubt, sleep disturbances, headaches due to nervous tension. Often, neurosis-like symptoms occur against the background of somatic diseases: vegetative neuroses in the premenopausal and menopausal periods; neuroses with cardiac manifestations, incl. with arterial hypertension, irritability and tachycardia with hyperthyroidism. Also, neurotic states can be caused by overwork, chronic lack of sleep, a combination of many reasons leading to the depletion of mental and physical strength.

Modern pharmacology has large quantity drugs that affect the central nervous system. The synthetic tranquilizers on the pharmaceutical market are certainly effective, but have a long list of side effects. A sedative (anxiolytic) drug should reduce anxiety, have calming properties, while exerting a slight effect on motor and mental functions. The degree of CNS depression caused by the sedative should be minimal.

Phytotherapy of neurotic disorders traditionally attracts mild action, a high level of security and, as a result, the possibility of their long-term use while maintaining a sufficiently high efficiency. The problem of the treatment of alcoholism and especially the withdrawal syndrome with the use of effective phytotranquilizers, to which dependence does not develop, which is often observed for benzodiazepine tranquilizers, is an urgent problem.

Table 1 lists the plants that are most commonly used as sedatives. These plants are actively used in practical medicine in the form of monocompositions, however, a significant disadvantage is the limited range of their therapeutic effect on pathogenesis and various symptoms neurotic disorders. Modern phytotherapy of neuroses and neurosis-like conditions includes, first of all, the use of complex (combined) herbal medicines. Their main advantage is a positive effect on various pathological links of neurotic disorders. The composition of complex phytopreparations is formed in such a way as to provide therapeutic effect on the functions of the nervous, cardiovascular, immune and other systems and organs human body, one way or another involved in the development of the pathological process.

Table 1. Plants most commonly used as sedatives

Currently, in foreign and domestic medical practice, complex (combined) sedative phytopreparations are actively used to treat neurotic disorders. As can be seen from Table 2, a fairly wide range of sedative preparations based on medicinal plant materials has been registered in Russia.

table 2. Complex sedative phytopreparations

Many of us have a negative attitude towards the use of special medicines, preferring traditional medicine methods to going to the doctor. In some cases, such a decision may well be justified and logical. For example, calming herbs have an effective and beneficial effect on the nervous system. This statement has not been questioned for a long time. If you still do not believe in their positive properties, then the following information may be of maximum use to you.

Valerian and St. John's wort are the best herbs for the nervous system

What associations do you have at the mention of the term "soothing herbs"? Of course, most often we think of valerian. The root of this amazing plant is an excellent remedy for the treatment of various nervous disorders. It not only calms down perfectly, but also improves mood, and also gives strength.

Another wonderful herb that calms the nervous system is St. John's wort. Its unique properties have been known to people for several centuries. To achieve maximum benefit, it is necessary to collect St. John's wort flowers in early summer, in June and early July. An infusion based on them will help in the fight against stress and sleep disorders. In addition, it is a high-quality and effective antidepressant. An additional plus of using such an infusion can also be attributed to the treatment of colds.

Fragrant and beneficial lavender

Soothing herbs can have a pleasant aroma. The most striking examples are plants such as mint and lavender. In the first case, you will need leaves collected during the flowering period. A decoction prepared on such a plant component perfectly helps to fall asleep, and sometimes even relieve quite strong spasms. different nature. As for lavender, you will need lavender flowers, which usually form in mid-summer, July and August. They are poured with boiling water and insisted in order to get rid of migraines and insomnia. In addition, such decoctions have a diuretic effect. Drink an infusion of lavender flowers at night - and soon you will be able to appreciate the amazing result. By the way, the plant can be used in a slightly different way. Put a couple of sprigs of lavender near the pillow, because its aroma also has a beneficial effect on sleep and state of mind.

A couple of herbal healing recipes

How are calming herbs recommended? Most often they are used as part of the main component of decoctions, infusions and teas. Below are some interesting recipes that you should definitely take note of.

Prepare a mixture of the following herbal ingredients in the indicated proportions:

• Motherwort - 3 tablespoons.
• Mint - 3 tablespoons.
• Hop cones - 2 tablespoons.
• Valerian root - 2 tablespoons.

We combine the crushed components and fill them with 200 milliliters of boiling water. After this, the infusion must be kept in a water bath for about 15 minutes. Then it should be removed, allowed to cool at room temperature. Use this healthy drink after additional processing: pour it through a fine sieve or gauze to avoid getting grass into the liquid.

If you suffer from frequent bouts of irritation and sleep disturbances, prepare the next drink. Grind lemon balm leaves in the amount of two tablespoons, pour them with a liter of good white wine. Within two weeks, the mixture of grass and alcohol should be infused. Be sure to shake the container in which the infusion is located, this must be done at least once every couple of days. Before drinking, the drink should be filtered.

How can primrose help?

An excellent herb that calms the nerves is spring primrose. Its main properties include improving the state of the nervous system, blood vessels, relieving fatigue, increasing overall tone. For cooking useful decoctions you can use not only the leaves, but also the roots of this plant. Just one teaspoon of crushed raw materials per 200 milliliters of boiling water will turn into a unique tea in a few hours, which should be consumed at least twice a day.

List of medicinal herbs

A soothing herbal collection may include the following representatives of the world of flora:

"Leovit" - ready solution

If you do not want to collect useful components on your own, then be sure to visit the nearest pharmacy. Pay attention to preparations, which include soothing herbs. "Leovit" is a trademark that represents an excellent medicine that calms the nerves and improves health. It contains components such as hawthorn, valerian, nutmeg and much more. A remedy called "Soothing Herbs" is available in the form of tablets and is allowed for use from 12 years of age. As a rule, it is necessary to drink it in courses lasting two weeks. The medicine is not recommended for use during pregnancy and lactation, as well as in the presence of individual intolerance to the components, allergies.

Herbs for young children

Soothing herbs for children are also widely used today. Most often, for the smallest, they prefer to use needles, mint, lavender, valerian and motherwort. Nettle, linden and thyme are also respected. At the age of one year, all plant components must be used in their pure form, and after the first birthday, a mixture of several components can also be used.

Calming herbs for children can be used in several dosage forms. First of all, it is ready-made tea produced by various companies. When buying a similar product, pay attention to the instructions attached to it. As a rule, it contains detailed information about the composition, possible restrictions, contraindications and rules of use. These herbs should be brewed like regular tea. Remember, whether you are using ready-made mixes or your own blends, the raw materials must be fresh.

Soothing baths

Very often, for newborns, soothing herbs are the only possible remedy. They are used to normalize sleep, with colic, frequent and strong crying. So, the best solution would be to make a warm bath with the addition of plant extracts. Start by preparing a special decoction, you will need 500 ml of this remedy per 10 liters of water. To prepare the indicated amount of decoction, you will need 3 tablespoons of chopped herbs. Pour them with boiling water, insist for 30-40 minutes.

You can use a ready-made herbal mix or pick up the plants yourself. Motherwort, succession, valerian and lemon balm are well combined and suitable for bathing babies. If necessary, you can use a ready-made infusion, which is already sold in liquid form. So that your little one can fully relax, do not forget to create a comfortable atmosphere in the bathroom.

Beneficial features medicinal herbs formed the basis of various oils, sea salt and special drops. Before using any, even the most harmless means for newborns, be sure to consult a pediatrician. Remember, herbs can not only soothe, but also invigorate.