Nutrition for diabetes - what is useful and what is strictly prohibited. General principles of nutrition in diabetes

The goal in the treatment of type 1 diabetes should be to keep the blood glucose ratio as close as possible to the levels of those who are healthy. The main means for this should be considered the observance of an optimal diet. It is also a low-carbohydrate diet, because it is she who is able to keep the elevated sugar level of diabetics under constant control.

Diet principles

The main principle of a low-carbohydrate diet is to eat only those foods that contain the least amount of carbohydrates. At the same time, it is desirable to maintain an ideal body weight - that is, the weight should not be large. Also allowed:

• consume carbohydrates, especially in foods with a low glycemic index;
• getting the body enough fiber;
• the use of salt, sugar and alcohol, but only in moderation.

Thus, it is extremely important for each diabetic to adjust the dose of "short" type insulin before any meal.

A person needs to learn how to thoughtfully compose the optimal diet for diabetes the first type, and also ensure that it is consistent with the scheme of individual insulin replacement therapy.

All meals eaten are judged according to a system known as XE, i.e. bread units. One unit is equal to 12 grams of carbohydrates, which is the amount found in 25 grams of bread.
It is permissible to use no more than 30-50 XE per day, the optimal dosage is set by the endocrinologist and it depends on many factors: age, gender, stage of development of the disease. As a rule, in type 1 diabetes, the XE norm is from 40 to 50.

About sweeteners

Every diabetic eats sweeteners. They are divided into glucose substitutes without calories and analogues with a certain number of calories. It's about about xylitol, sorbitol, isomalt and fructose. It is she who, less than the usual glucose, increases the ratio of sugar in the blood, but in terms of the number of calories, they are not much inferior to him. In this regard, caloric glucose analogs are not desirable for diabetics with an excessively high body index in usual form and even more so in meals.
As for non-calorie sweeteners, they are allowed to be consumed every day in portions with such an extreme limit:

1. saccharin - up to 5 mg per kg of body;
2. aspartame - up to 40 mg per kg of body;
3. cyclamate - up to 7 mg per kg of body;
4. acesulfame K - up to 15 mg per kg of body;
5. sucralose - up to 15 mg per kg of body;
6. stevia plant - a natural sweetener with a minimum calorie ratio, it can be consumed in most large quantities.

also in Lately experts came to the conclusion that it is not desirable to impose bans on the use of sugar in type 1 diabetes. That is why it is possible to use it up to 50 grams daily, if a person's "sugar" disease is stably compensated.

Proper nutrition schedule

The most important thing is to correctly combine the dishes consumed every day. This is what will enable each of the diabetics to maintain an optimal state of health. Thoughtful modern diet in type 1 diabetes is to bring the patient's diet closer to the proper nutrition of a healthy person.
This is all the more important because the regulation of appetite according to the specific costs of the body is quite the same in healthy people and in those who have diabetes, but do not have excessively high body weight. Therefore, the more flexible the diet, the more likely each diabetic will be able to maintain it.
Dinner should be four to five hours before going to bed. Before the injection of prolonged insulin, which is done at bedtime, be sure to measure the sugar ratio with a glucometer. Thus, how exactly the dishes and the injection of forced insulin before eating worked are evaluated. If four or five hours have not passed, then there is no way to assess the state of affairs, because the insulin that was injected before dinner has not yet stopped reducing the blood sugar ratio.
In total, there are two schedule options for type 1 diabetes. The first is as follows: breakfast at 8 am, lunch from 13 to 14 pm, dinner at 18 pm, an injection of prolonged insulin, which is given in the evening - from 22 to 23.
The next option looks like this - breakfast at 9 am, lunch from 2 to 3 pm, dinner at 7 pm, and an injection of prolonged insulin from 11 pm to zero hours. Thus, fluctuations in time can be one hour, but no more.
At the same time, during each meal, it is necessary to eat such dishes that contain protein. This is especially important in the morning, that is, for breakfast.

It is desirable to take morning food as much as possible, while eggs are excellent.

They should be cooked both boiled and fried. For diabetics of this type the first option is more preferable.

About the five product groups

All foods, as well as dishes that contain carbohydrates, can be divided into five main groups:

• foods that contain starch. This list should include bakery products, legumes, pasta, potatoes and cereals. It is advisable to consume grain bread with bran, because it has a lower glycemic index. For example, if for white bread one XE equals 25 grams, then for bread with bran it is already equal to 30 grams;
• dairy products. If we talk about liquid products from milk and at the same time not sweet (for example, kefir), then one XE is 200-250 milliliters of the product. Cottage cheese, on the other hand, is a product that is allowed to be consumed without fear for own health, because one XE is about 700 grams of the presented ingredient;
• fruits and juices. Almost all fruits are characterized by a significant sugar content, and therefore their excessive use is undesirable. Apples, feijoas, some plums, pomegranates and pears should be considered less harmful in type 1 diabetes. The presented fruits contain a significant amount of fiber - a specific carbohydrate, a significant part of which does not remain in the intestinal area. Also, all fruit juices, in addition to tomato, are characterized by an impressive glycemic index;
• sweets and sugar. These products and dishes with them in type 1 diabetes can only be consumed in case of a sudden drop in the blood sugar ratio (symptoms of hypoglycemia);
  vegetables that do not contain starch. Such a group should include cucumbers, peppers, cabbage, radishes, eggplants, zucchini, onions of all types, herbs and tomatoes. These products and dishes with them can be consumed in large quantities, and there is no need to calculate such an indicator as XE.

Thus, nutrition in type 1 diabetes involves proper diet maintaining a minimum amount of carbohydrates. At the same time, you should adhere to a strict schedule and use only permitted foods and dishes with them.

What fruits can be eaten with diabetes: food table

Diabetes mellitus at any age cannot be a sentence, because you can live a full and high-quality life even with such a serious illness. It is not at all necessary to deny yourself the usual foods and fruits, it is even more so that they become the main source of minerals, vitamins and vital fiber.

In such a situation, the main condition will be a careful selection of these very fruits. You should focus only on those vegetables and fruits with diabetes that have a low glycemic index And don't forget about the portion size.

Important! The glycemic index should be understood as the rate of conversion of glucose from carbohydrates that have entered the human body.

What is the best choice for a diabetic?

Speaking about what fruits you can eat with diabetes, we note that these are those whose glycemic index does not exceed 55-70. If this indicator is over 70 points, then the product is contraindicated in diabetes of any type. By following this simple recommendation, it is quite possible to keep blood sugar at a normal level. In addition, it is necessary to take into account also the volume of the portion eaten.

It is the glycemic index that makes it possible to understand the speed with which the resulting carbohydrates will be broken down into sugar and enter the bloodstream. This is extremely important for those who suffer from diabetes, because sudden jump blood glucose level is dangerous for the well-being and health of a sick person.

The peculiarity of type 1 diabetes is that it occurs at a fairly young age, and that is why patients are well aware of which foods are allowed to them and which are under complete ban. Type 2 diabetes is a slightly different picture. The disease affects older people who find it quite difficult to adjust to the new realities of their lives and make an adequate menu of fruits.

In order to make the right choice, you should use only sour or sweet and sour varieties. Juicy and sugar varieties of fruits can have an extremely negative impact on health, causing a sharp jump in glucose in the blood of a diabetic patient.

We must not forget that juices from fruits and vegetables are several times heavier in terms of glycemia than the products from which they were extracted. This picture is observed due to the fact that juice is a liquid without fiber, which plays an important role in the absorption of sugar. The presented table displayed the main vegetables, fruits, juice from them, as well as their glycemic index.

What should diabetics eat?

Patients with diabetes can pamper themselves:

• grapefruits;
• apples;
• oranges;
• pears;
• near some fruits growing on a tree.

You need to be a little more careful with mangoes, with the consumption of melons, watermelons and pineapples, these fruits are not entirely recommended for diabetes.

Those fruits for diabetes that have been thermally processed will have an even higher glycemic index. Patients with diabetes of any type are categorically not recommended to use any variation of dried fruits.

It will be quite useful to include in the diet not only vegetables, fruits, but also berries:

cranberries;

• cranberries;
• gooseberry;
• hawthorn;
• cranberries;
• sea ​​buckthorn;
• red currant.

Moreover, you can eat these fruits not only raw, but also give them various processing. You can cook all kinds of desserts, but at the same time exclude the addition of sugar to dishes. Just a perfect option would be to use a sugar substitute. However, it is best, of course, to eat vegetables and fruits in their natural form.

If you really want a forbidden fruit, then you can treat yourself by dividing it into several doses. This will not only bring joy to the stomach, but also cannot cause an increase in blood glucose levels.

How to calculate the ideal portion for yourself?

Even the safest fruit in terms of glycemia can become harmful to any type of diabetic if it is consumed in unlimited quantities. It is very good to choose for yourself one that fits easily in the palm of your hand. In addition, you can simply divide a large apple or orange, melons, into parts if you could not find a smaller fruit.

As for berries, the ideal portion would be a small cup filled with them. If we talk about melon or watermelon, then you should not eat more than one slice at a time. There is another trick that will help reduce the rate of conversion of carbohydrates into sugar. This can be done by eating vegetables and fruits or berries along with low-fat cheese, nuts, or biscuits.

The right choice for a diabetic

At first glance, it may seem that a diabetic of any type should deprive himself of everything, but this opinion is fundamentally wrong! There are ideal fruits that will saturate the body necessary quantity vitamins and fiber.

Apples. They can and should be eaten with type 2 or type 1 diabetes. It is apples that contain pectin, which is able to qualitatively purify the blood and thereby help lower the level of glucose in it. In addition to pectin, apples contain vitamin C, potassium, fiber and iron in sufficient quantities. These fruits are available all year round and can help overcome the manifestations of depression, bring excess liquid and remove swelling. By the way. along the way, with diabetes, it is good to know what you can eat with inflammation of the pancreas so that the diet is balanced.

Pears. If you choose fruits that are not very sweet, then they, like apples, will be digested for a long time in the stomach, and also contribute to weight loss.

Grapefruit. Everyone has long known that this particular citrus contains a huge supply of vitamin C, which protects the body from viruses, which is quite relevant precisely during the period of mass colds. The glycemic index of grapefruit is so low that even a fairly large fruit, eaten in one sitting, will not lead to an increase in blood glucose levels in a patient with diabetes of any type.

But what about dried fruits?

As already noted, dried fruits in patients with this disease are strictly prohibited. But, if you show a little imagination, then it is quite possible to prepare a drink that is not only tasty, but also harmless in terms of glycemia. To do this, it is necessary to soak dried fruits for 6 hours and then boil twice, but each time changing the water for a new portion.

Ideal berries for a diabetic

Cherries are truly priceless. The berry contains great amount coumarin and iron, which is quite enough to prevent the formation of blood clots. Even sweet cherries cannot lead to excessive formation of glucose in the blood.

Gooseberries, especially unripe ones, will be quite useful for this category of patients. It contains a lot of fiber and vitamin C.

Blackberries, lingonberries and blueberries are a real storehouse of B, P, K and C vitamins, pectin and special tannins.

Red and black currants will also be an excellent option for patients with diabetes of all types. Not only berries can be eaten, but also the leaves of this amazing shrub. If carefully washed currant leaves are brewed in boiling water, you get just a great tea.

Red, appetizing and juicy raspberries can also become a welcome guest in the diet of a diabetic, but still you should not get carried away with them because of the high content of fructose in the berry.

Diabetes mellitus in no case cancels a full and varied diet. It is only important to keep a constant record of what you eat and choose only those foods that are not capable of harming an already weakened body. If the patient is not quite oriented in allowed fruits, then you can get a special notebook where you can record everything eaten and the reaction to it every day. This approach to business will help not only to remember foods with a low glycemic index, but also to qualitatively diversify your diet.

What can you eat with type 2 diabetes: a list of products for diabetics

To learn more…

What can you eat with diabetes? This question is asked by each patient who is recommended to adjust his menu. After all, it is diet that is the basis of therapy that helps to avoid jumps in glycemia in the body.

Diabetes mellitus is called an endocrine pathology, due to the course of which glucose metabolism is disturbed. Treatment focuses on normalizing and stabilizing blood sugar levels through dietary changes, physical activity, taking medications.

Many underestimate the importance of nutrition in the face of a "sweet" disease, and this is fundamentally wrong. In the case of a disease, especially of the second type, this should not be disputed at all, since it is based on a violation metabolic processes, which is primarily provoked by wrong eating habits.

Let's find out what you can not eat with type 2 diabetes, and what is allowed? We will make a list of products that should be discarded, as well as announce a list of acceptable foods.

It is important to reduce the consumption of provisions, replete with a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates. In the presence of excess weight, it is necessary to reduce the intake of calories per day, ideally up to 2000 kilocalories. Calorie content may vary depending on the physical activity of the patient.

Due to the restriction of many products in the diet, the patient should additionally take vitamin or mineral complexes replenishing the deficiency of the necessary substances for normal life.

Type 2 diabetes requires certain dietary changes:

• Reducing calories while maintaining energy value food for the body.
• The energy value should equal the amount of energy spent.
• To normalize metabolic processes, it is recommended to eat at the same time.
• In addition to the main meals, you need to have a snack in order to prevent feeling of hunger and a possible breakdown with overeating.
• In the second half of the day, the intake of carbohydrates is reduced to a minimum.
• To quickly get enough on the menu, include as many vegetables and fruits as possible, rich in dietary fiber (choose food from the list of allowed foods).
• To remove excess fluid from the body, reduce salt intake to 4 grams per day.
• When choosing bakery products it is recommended to choose products from rye flour with the addition of bran.

Rational nutrition helps to neutralize the negative symptoms of a hyperglycemic state, helps to reduce glucose levels and improve overall well-being. And also, getting rid of bad eating habits normalizes metabolic processes in the body.

It is necessary to focus on fruits, vegetables, dairy and dairy products, lean meat.

After all, the absolute exclusion of glucose as the only source of energy is a rapid depletion of natural energy reserves.

What can you eat with type 2 diabetes?

What to eat for patients with diabetes, how to make your daily menu and many other questions are of interest to diabetics when compiling a diet. If patients of the 1st type on insulin can eat almost everything, with the exception of fried and fatty, then with the second type everything is somewhat more complicated.

When compiling the menu, one should take into account the glycemic index of the product - an indicator of how the concentration of sugar in the body increases after eating a particular food. The Internet presents a complete table even with exotic products.

Based on the table, the patient will be able to compose his diet so that it does not affect glycemia. There are three types of GI: low - up to 49 units, medium ranges from 50 to 69 units, and high - from 70 and above.

What can you eat with type 2 diabetes:

• Bread is better to choose in the department for diabetics. The daily norm does not exceed 300 grams.
• The first courses are prepared on vegetables, as they are characterized by a lower calorie content, have a small number of bread units. It is permissible to use first courses based on the second fish or meat broth.
• Diabetics are allowed to eat only lean meat or fish. Steamed, baked. The main thing is to exclude frying.
• Chicken eggs allowed, but in limited quantities, due to the fact that they contribute to the increase in the content bad cholesterol in blood. We are allowed to eat one per day.
• Dairy products should be low fat. As for fruits / berries, then give preference to raspberries, kiwi, apples, which not only help reduce sugar, but also reduce cholesterol in the blood.
• Vegetables such as tomatoes, tomatoes, radishes, parsley can be eaten without restrictions.
• It is allowed to use butter and vegetable oil, the norm for people with diabetes is 2 tablespoons per day.

Regardless of the type of diabetes, the patient is advised to control his sugar several times a day - after waking up, before breakfast, after meals / physical activity, and so on.

Medical practice shows that already on the fifth day of correct and balanced nutrition symptoms of hyperglycemia subside, general well-being improves, and glucose approaches the target level.

The following drinks are allowed for consumption: homemade fruit drinks with cranberries, lingonberries, compote with dried apples, weakly brewed tea, still mineral water, decoctions with the addition of medicinal herbs to reduce sugar.

What can not be eaten with diabetes?

When compiling a diabetic menu, one should take into account the list of products that negatively affect the course of the pathology, increase the harmful symptoms of the disease, as a result of which its progression is observed.

Along with categorically prohibited foods, there are foods that can be consumed in limited quantities. It includes hard salted cheeses, fat milk, cottage cheese, sour cream, oily fish. It is recommended to enter the menu no more than 2 times a month.

If a patient with an endocrine disease of the second type is prescribed insulin therapy, then it is necessary to take into account the dosage of the hormone with the nutritional characteristics of a diabetic. With the right approach, it is possible to significantly reduce doses medicinal substances, while achieving stable compensation of pathology.

So, if a patient has diabetes, what can and cannot be eaten? The food table will tell you what is prohibited:

1. Sugar in pure form. With an irresistible craving for sweets, it can be replaced with sweeteners, presented in a wide range in the pharmacy network and specialized stores.
2. Baking can not be eaten, it is under a strict ban. First of all, due to the high content of granulated sugar, and also because of the high calorie content of provisions. Therefore, you will have to forget about buns and cakes.
3. Meat and fish fatty variety. In principle, it is recommended to completely abandon fatty foods, as it contributes to weight gain, exacerbates the course of the pathology.
4. Smoked and canned foods. Despite the low glycemic index, such food is replete with fats and calories.
5. Refuse mayonnaise, mustard, various fatty sauces, etc.
6. Exclude semolina and all food that includes it in the composition from the diet. Limit pasta consumption.

What not to eat with type 2 diabetes? It is necessary to abandon sweet fruits - bananas, watermelon, fig tree; sweets - cakes, pastries and sweets, ice cream, caramel; exclude fast food - potatoes, hamburgers, chips, snacks.

The use of alcoholic beverages should be controlled, as unlimited consumption can lead to a severe hypoglycemic state.

Nuts and Diabetes

As you know, the "sweet" disease can not be cured, the only way live a normal and fulfilling life – achieve stable compensation endocrine disease. In other words, normalize glucose values, maintain them within the target level.

Allocate certain food, which is literally replete with useful components, vitamins and minerals. In particular, we are talking about nuts. In the treatment of pathology, they occupy not the last place, as they ensure the normalization of metabolic processes in the body, help to reduce blood sugar.

In addition, it is noted that the use of nuts helps to inhibit the progression of the disease, so any type of product is vital.

Consider the most healthy nuts for diabetes:

• Walnut contains a lot of alpha-linolenic acid, manganese and zinc - these components help to reduce the concentration of glucose. Fatty acid, present in the composition, significantly slow down the progression of diabetic angiopathy, prevent atherosclerotic changes. It is permissible to eat 1-2 nuts a day, or add to ready meals.
• Eating peanuts helps replenish daily deficit proteins and amino acids in the body. Ingredients contained in the composition cleanse blood vessels from cholesterol plaques contribute to the normalization of blood circulation. They eat 10-15 nuts per day.
• Almonds are the “champion” in terms of calcium content. If sugar has become high, then eating 5-10 nuts will normalize glycemia. In addition, almonds have a positive effect on metabolic processes.

All the nut products listed above are an indispensable food supplement in the menu of each patient. By the way, Pine nuts useful for diabetics too.

Their composition is represented only by proteins and minerals that contribute to the prevention of diabetic complications.

Features of proper nutrition

Rational nutrition of the patient is a guarantee full life without complications. With a mild degree of the disease, it can be compensated by one diet. Against the background of moderate and severe, it is recommended to take medicines, the introduction of insulin.

Bad eating habits lead to the fact that the signs of an increase in glucose in the body increase, general well-being worsens, while the risk of developing acute complications like a diabetic coma.

Along with the use of exclusively permitted products, the diet is also of no small importance.

Peculiarities proper nutrition are in the following points:

1. To maintain normal blood sugar levels throughout the day, a balanced and nutritious breakfast is a prerequisite.
2. Each meal begins with the consumption of vegetable-based salads, which helps to restore lipid metabolism and normalize body weight.
3. It is recommended to stop eating 2 hours before bedtime, as metabolic processes slow down at night. Therefore, an evening snack is 250 ml of kefir, 100 grams of cottage cheese casserole or a sour apple.
4. It is recommended to eat food warm, as it takes a longer period of time to digest such food.
5. Each serving should have an optimal ratio of protein and fatty substances, which slows down the digestion and absorption of components in the gastrointestinal tract.
6. Drinks should be drunk 20 minutes before a meal, or half an hour after it; It is not advised to drink during the meal.

If, against the background of a “sweet” pathology, there are problems with digestive tract, the stomach does not "accept" fresh vegetables in the required quantity, they can be baked in the oven or microwave.

For all patients, the endocrinologist selects a specific menu, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body and the severity of the disease, but the basis of the diet is always table number 9. Compliance with all rules guarantees long-term compensation. Eat right and be healthy.

The allowed and prohibited foods for diabetes are described in the video in this article.

• Stabilizes sugar levels for a long time
• Restores the production of insulin by the pancreas

To learn more…

A widespread complex disease, which, as a rule, requires not only the constant intake of hypoglycemic agents, but also a mandatory diet.

Moreover, dietary nutrition in diabetes mellitus is 50% of success in treatment. This is a disease of the elderly: it mainly develops after 40 years, and the risk of the disease increases with age.

The main risk factor for this pathology is excess weight- it is dangerous even for people who do not have a hereditary predisposition. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, if the diet is not followed, can be complicated by coma and even be fatal. Since with this pathology there is a violation of not only carbohydrate, but also fat metabolism, nutrition in diabetes mellitus is aimed at normalizing them. Its purpose is to reduce overweight and replacing part of the carbohydrates in the diet with other components.

General principles of nutrition in diabetes

To successfully cope with the disease, it is necessary to strictly follow the basic principles of nutrition in diabetes. They relate to the main components of the components, calories, frequency of food intake:

1. Complete nutrition. It depends on the body weight of the patient:

At normal weight the body's need is 1600 - 2500 kcal per day;

When normal body weight is exceeded - 1300 - 1500 kcal per day;

With obesity - 600 - 900 kcal per day.

There are certain features in the calculation daily allowance diet: for some diseases, a low-calorie diet is contraindicated, despite the existing overweight body. These include, first of all, the complications of diabetes itself:

Severe retinopathy (damage to the choroid of the eyes);

Nephropathy in diabetes with nephrotic syndrome (kidney damage with high content protein in urine)

As a result of nephropathy - developed chronic insufficiency kidneys (CKD);

Severe diabetic polyneuropathy.

Contraindications are mental illness And somatic pathology:

Unstable course of angina pectoris and the presence of life-threatening arrhythmias;

Gout;

Severe illnesses liver;

Other related chronic pathology

2. The specific part of carbohydrates in the daily diet of a diabetic should be no more than 55% - 300 - 350 g. This refers to complex, slowly splitting carbohydrate products with vitamins, microelements, indigestible fibers contained in them:

Various whole grain cereals;

Bread coarse grinding;

legumes;

They must be evenly distributed in the daily diet, divided into 5-6 doses. Sugar and products containing it are categorically excluded, it is replaced by xylitol or sorbitol: 1 g per 0.5 kg of body weight (40-50 g per day for 2-3 doses).

3. The amount of proteins is approximately 90 g per day, which is the physiological norm for any healthy person with a normal blood sugar level. This amount corresponds to 15 - 20% of the total daily ration. Featured protein products:

Meat of any poultry without skin (with the exception of goose meat);

Chicken eggs (2 - 3 pieces per week);

Lean fish;

Dairy products with low fat content (kefir, fermented baked milk, cottage cheese).

5. Restriction table salt up to 12 g per day(in order to prevent certain types of complications of diabetes), products containing a lot of cholesterol and extractives (strong meat broths).

Prohibited Products

There are foods (containing glucose) that absolutely must be excluded from the diet in diabetes. Even in small quantities, their use is contraindicated. These include:

Sugar, honey, all sweets prepared from fruits and berries (jam, marmalade, marmalade, marmalade), chocolate, sweets, grapes, bananas, dates, figs;

Fruit drinks with sugar, coca-cola, tonic, lemonade, liquor;

Sweet and semi-sweet wines, fruits preserved in sugar syrup;

Cakes, rich flour products, cookies with sweet cream, puddings;

Canned food, smoked products, sausages;

Alcoholic drinks - even the weakest of them contain a large amount of calories.

Foods allowed in limited quantities

Allowed in very small quantities following products:

lean meats, fish products, skinless chicken, eggs, cheese (at the same time, only one of the listed protein products can be consumed once during the day);

Butter, margarine, whole and baked milk;

Any vegetable oil;

Nuts (up to 50 g).

Foods that can be consumed in dosed amounts

Kashi, bran flakes;

Wholemeal bread, whole grain biscuits (crackers);

Pasta;

All fresh fruits (no more than 1-2 per day).

Green vegetables;

Berries: gooseberries, cherries - a bottle, any kind of currant, blueberries;

Citrus fruits: lemons, grapefruits;

Tea, coffee, fruit drinks without added sugar, water;

Pepper, spices, mustard, various herbs, vinegar;

Sweeteners.

An example of daily meals for diabetes for a week

Monday

First breakfast: low-calorie cottage cheese with a small amount of milk, rosehip broth.

Second breakfast: jelly from any allowed fruits or berries with xylitol, orange.

Lunch: cabbage soup white cabbage, low-fat boiled meat with stewed vegetables, a decoction of dried fruits without sugar.

Afternoon snack: decoction of wild rose.

Dinner: sea cabbage, baked lean fish, vinaigrette with corn oil, stewed eggplant with onions, tea.

Tuesday

First breakfast: buckwheat porridge with corn oil, steamed omelet, vegetable salad with sunflower oil (tomatoes, cucumbers, sweet peppers), bran bread, unsweetened tea with milk.

Second breakfast: a decoction made from wheat bran.

Lunch: borsch with a spoonful of sour cream, boiled lean meat, stew from various allowed vegetables, xylitol jelly from unsweetened fruits.

Afternoon snack: grapefruit.

Dinner: steamed fish, carrot and cabbage schnitzel, fruit broth.

Wednesday

First breakfast: low-calorie cottage cheese casserole.

Second breakfast: oranges (2 medium in size).

Lunch: cabbage soup, 2 low-fat fish cutlets, fresh vegetables, fruit compote without sugar.

Snack: 1 boiled egg.

Dinner: stewed cabbage, 2 small size meat cutlets steamed or cooked in the oven.

Thursday

First breakfast: wheat milk porridge, boiled beetroot salad with corn oil, tea.

Second breakfast: low-fat yogurt - 1 cup.

Lunch: fish soup, barley porridge, meat goulash.

Afternoon snack: salad of various fresh vegetables.

Dinner: vegetables stewed with lamb.

Friday

First breakfast: cereals, carrot salad, apple.

Second breakfast: 2 medium-sized oranges.

Lunch: cabbage soup, 2 peppers stuffed with meat and allowed grits.

Afternoon snack: carrot casserole with low-fat cottage cheese.

Dinner: salad from any vegetables, stewed chicken without skin.

Saturday

First breakfast: any porridge with bran, 1 pear.

Second breakfast: soft-boiled egg, unsweetened drink.

Lunch: vegetable stew with lean meat.

Afternoon snack: a few permitted fruits.

Dinner: vegetable salad with lamb stew.

Sunday

First breakfast: low-calorie cottage cheese, fresh berries.

Second breakfast: boiled chicken.

Lunch: vegetarian vegetable soup, goulash. squash caviar.

Afternoon snack: berry salad.

Dinner: beans, steamed shrimp.

It must be remembered that with mild and medium degree the severity of the disease diet is the determining factor medical event. In severe cases of the disease, it is a necessary part of the treatment.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by impaired glucose metabolism. All treatment is aimed precisely at ensuring that its level remains normal. Therefore, in addition to the use of medical products, the patient must adhere to proper nutrition. Sometimes only this measure can improve the patient's condition and reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Basic Rules

Exist certain rules to be followed by a diabetic patient. For example:

• it is necessary to limit the consumption of foods containing a large amount of carbohydrates;
• you need to reduce the calorie content in the diet;
• do not forget about vitamins;
• need to eat 5-6 times a day, and every day this should happen at the same time.

What is allowed

What can you eat with diabetes? This question arises in many people who are faced with this terrible disease. And if people with type 1 disease (insulin is taken all their lives) can eat many foods from the diet of a healthy person, while excluding fried and fatty foods, then with type 2 it is more difficult. Since insulin therapy is indicated for diabetics with type 2 disease, the doctor must calculate everything correctly. This is done so that the glucose level, if it deviates from the norm, then only by the minimum values.

Each product has its own glycemic index. It is also called "bread unit". This is an indicator of how the blood sugar level rises after eating it. On the Internet, you can find a table that shows the glycemic index of the most common foods, as well as their the nutritional value per 100g With this list, a person with type 2 diabetes can choose a diet that will not greatly affect blood glucose levels. GI products last for three types:

• with a low glycemic index, the value of which does not exceed 49;
• with an average GI - the value is from 50 to 69;
• With high value GI - more than 70.

What is included in the list of food that is allowed to patients? The easiest way to figure this out is with a table:

What is prohibited

As a rule, people with type 2 disease have a natural question: “What can not be eaten with diabetes?”. What foods should be excluded from the diet? The list is also big.

There are enough prohibitions, but at the same time, diabetics do not have to limit themselves in everything. After all, the list of allowed products is also not small.

Proper Diet

Nutrition with such a disease should be fractional. It is best to eat 6 times a day, but not in large portions. In this case, food will be absorbed gradually, and glucose will also gradually enter the bloodstream.

People with type 2 diabetes need to control the calorie content of the foods they eat. After all, one of the symptoms in patients with this form of the disease is a tendency to be overweight, which negatively affects the whole body. To do this, you can make your diet according to the table of caloric content of foods and stick to it constantly.

The doctor should help the patient to choose proper diet according to the medications they are taking. After all, everything together should have a positive effect and give results. Some people can independently control their condition and diet. For this you need to create a special table in which you need to record the calorie content of the foods eaten and your indicators obtained by self-measurement of sugar. And then find out what is still preferable to eat.

Currently, there are many recipes for low-calorie, but tasty food. Therefore, if a specialist prescribes a diet, then you should not be upset. It is possible to maintain normal blood sugar levels throughout life by healthy lifestyle life and eating right.

Patients with diabetes should adhere to restrictions in food intake. Ban on certain types products exist for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Diet - the most important aspect counteract the complications of diabetes. Nutritionists recommend excluding fast carbohydrates based on monosaccharides from the diet. If the intake of these substances in the body cannot be limited, then in type 1 diabetes, the use of simple carbohydrates is accompanied by the administration of insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the uncontrolled intake of easily digestible carbohydrates in the body causes obesity. However, if a person with type 2 diabetes has hypoglycemia, eating carbohydrates will raise the sugar level to normal level.

Guidelines for dietary nutrition are formulated individually for each patient, the following positions are taken into account when developing a nutrition system:

• type of diabetes;
• patient's age;

What foods can not be eaten with diabetes

Certain categories of foodstuffs fall under the ban:

• Sugar, honey and artificially synthesized sweeteners. Sugar is very difficult to completely eliminate from the diet, but it is very important to reduce the intake of sugars in the body. You can use special sugar, which is sold in specialized departments of products for diabetics;
• Sweet pastries and puff pastry. This category of food contains an excessive amount of simple carbohydrates and therefore can complicate the course of diabetes with obesity. For diabetics, rye bread, bran products and wholemeal flour will be useful.
• Chocolate based confectionery. Milk, white chocolate and candies are very high in sugar. For diabetics, it is permissible to eat dark chocolate with a cocoa bean powder content of at least seventy-five percent.
• Fruits and vegetables containing a lot of fast carbohydrates. Enough large group products and therefore it is important to remember the list of what you can not eat with diabetes: potatoes, beets, carrots, beans, dates, bananas, figs, grapes. Such food sharply increases the content of glucose in the blood. For the diet of a diabetic, such vegetables and fruits are suitable: cabbage, tomatoes and eggplant, pumpkin, as well as oranges and green apples;
• Fruit juices. It is allowed to use only freshly squeezed juice, highly diluted with water. Packaged juices are outlawed due to their high concentration of natural sugars and artificial sweeteners.
• Foods high in animal fats. It is better for diabetics not to eat large quantities of butter, smoked meats, fatty soups with meat or fish.

Diabetics can eat fully, satisfying the taste needs and needs of the body. Here is a list of food groups indicated for diabetes:

As mentioned earlier, type 2 diabetes, if diet is ignored, is fraught with obesity. To keep body weight under control, a diabetic should receive no more than two thousand calories per day. The exact number of calories is set by the dietitian, taking into account the patient's age, current weight and type of employment. Moreover, carbohydrates should be the source of no more than half of the calories received. Do not neglect the information that food manufacturers indicate on the packages. Information about the energy value will help to form the optimal daily diet. As an example, a table is provided explaining the diet and diet.

For productive therapy of diabetes mellitus, both type 1 and type 2, one medication is not enough. The effectiveness of treatment largely depends on the diet, since the disease itself is related to metabolic disorders.

In the case of autoimmune diabetes (type 1), the pancreas produces small amounts of insulin.

With age-related diabetes (type 2), there may be an excess and also a deficiency of this hormone. By eating certain foods in diabetes, you can reduce or increase the degree of glucose in the blood.

What should be the diet of a diabetic?

With diabetes of any type, the main task of the diet is to establish metabolic processes and control the increase in glucose levels. Foods that contain simple carbohydrates can provoke a jump in glucose.

An indicator of 100% is glucose in its purest form. Other foods should be compared with glucose for their carbohydrate content. For the convenience of patients, all indicators are listed in the GI table.

When eating food, in which the sugar content is minimal, the level of glucose in the blood remains the same or rises in a small amount. A high GI food increases blood glucose significantly.

Patients with type 2 diabetes simply have to be careful about the choice of products. On initial stages, with mild to moderate severity of the disease, the diet is the main medicine.

To stabilize the normal level of glucose, you can use the low-carb diet number 9.

Bread units

Insulin-dependent people with type 1 diabetes calculate their menu using bread units. 1 XE is equal to 12 g of carbohydrates. This is the amount of carbohydrates contained in 25 g of bread.

As a rule, an adult needs 15-30 XE. Based on these indicators, it is possible to draw up the correct daily menu and nutrition for people suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes. More details about what this can be found on our website.

What food can diabetics eat?

Nutrition for type 1 and type 2 diabetics should have a low glycemic index, so patients need to choose foods with a GI of less than 50. You should be aware that the index of a particular product may vary depending on the type of processing.

For example, brown rice has a rate of 50%, and peeled rice has a rate of 75%. Also heat treatment increases the GI of fruits and vegetables.

The priority should be raw, unprocessed foods: lean fish, meat, vegetables, herbs and fruits. You can see the list in more detail in the table of glycemic indices and allowed foods.

All food consumed is divided into three groups:

Products that do not affect the increase in sugar levels:

• mushrooms;
• green vegetables;
• greenery;
• still mineral water;
• tea and coffee without sugar and without cream.

Foods that raise sugar levels moderately:

• unsweetened nuts and fruits;
• cereals (with the exception of rice and semolina);
• bread made from wholemeal flour;
• durum pasta;
• dairy products and milk.

Foods that increase blood sugar levels:

1. pickled and canned vegetables;
2. alcohol;
3. flour, confectionery;
4. fresh juices;
5. drinks with added sugar;
6. raisin;
7. dates.

Regular consumption of products

Food sold in the diabetic section is not suitable for regular consumption. Such food does not contain sugar, it contains its substitute - fructose. However, you need to know which ones exist, and fructose has its own side effects:

• increases cholesterol levels;
• high calorie;
• increased appetite.

What foods are good for diabetes?

Fortunately, the list of allowed food is quite large. But when compiling a menu, it is necessary to take into account the glycemic index of food and its useful qualities.

If these rules are observed, all food products will become a source of the necessary trace elements and vitamins that help reduce the destructive effect of the disease.

1. Berries. Diabetics are allowed to consume all berries except raspberries. They contain minerals, antioxidants, vitamins and fiber. You can eat both frozen and fresh berries.
2. Juices. Freshly squeezed juices are not recommended. It will be better if you add a little fresh juice to brewed tea, salad, cocktail or porridge.
3. Nuts. A very useful product, because. it is a source of fat. However, you need to eat nuts in small quantities, because they are very high in calories.
4. Unsweetened fruits. Green apples, cherries, quince - will saturate the body beneficial substances and vitamins. Diabetics can actively consume citrus fruits (except tangerine). Oranges, limes, lemons abound ascorbic acid that strengthens the immune system. Vitamins and minerals have a beneficial effect on the heart and blood vessels, and fiber slows down the absorption of glucose into the blood.
5. natural yogurt and skimmed milk. These foods are a source of calcium. Vitamin D, contained in dairy products, reduces the need for a sick body in sweet foods. Lactic acid bacteria normalize the microflora in the intestines and help cleanse the body of toxins.

Vegetables. Most vegetables contain a moderate amount of carbohydrates:

• tomatoes are rich in vitamins E and C, and the iron contained in tomatoes promotes hematopoiesis;
• sweet potato has a low GI and is also rich in vitamin A;
• Carrots contain retinol, which is very good for vision;
• legumes have fiber and mass nutrients contributing to rapid saturation.
• Spinach, lettuce, cabbage and parsley - contain a lot of the most useful vitamins and micronutrients.

It is desirable to use potatoes in a baked form and it is better with a peel.

• Lean fish. The lack of omega-3 acids is replenished low-fat varieties fish (pollock, hake, tuna, etc.).
• Pasta. You can only use products made from durum wheat.
• Meat. Poultry fillet is a storehouse of protein, and veal is a source of zinc, magnesium, iron, and vitamin B.
• Kashi. Healthy food, which contains fiber, vitamins and beneficial trace elements.

The specifics of the diet of diabetics

It is very important for people with diabetes to consume food regularly. Nutritionists recommend dividing the daily meal into 6 meals. Insulin-dependent patients should use at one time from 2 to 5 XE.

At the same time, before lunch you need to eat the most high-calorie food. In general, the diet should contain all necessary substances and be balanced.

It is also useful to combine food with sports. So, you can speed up your metabolism and normalize weight.

In general, type 1 diabetics should scrupulously calculate the dose of insulin and try not to increase the daily calorie content of foods. After all, proper diet and nutrition will keep glucose levels normal and will not allow type 1 and type 2 diseases to further destroy the body.