How to teach speech and diction independently to an adult. Good neck stretch

Yuri Okunev School

Today I happened to get stuck in an elevator with a very interesting young man. Or rather, the fact that this is an extraordinary personality of enormous proportions turned out completely by accident, and then only a few hours later. This is perhaps the only time in my life that I have been glad that our valiant emergency services had to wait a very long time. My unfortunate neighbor turned out to be an inconspicuous young man with a trembling voice and an uncertain and cautious style of communication, and in order to understand what he was saying, I had to listen carefully and make additional efforts.

We might have spent hours waiting in silence if my gaze had not fallen on the book and the title page of a voluminous scientific work that he held in his hands. A book - a collection of poems - with his photograph and surname, and scientific work- PhD thesis on nuclear physics by the same author.

After talking a little with my casual acquaintance, I found out that this most talented person, winner All-Russian Olympiads, inventor innovative methods in science, and also a poet with an interesting style and unusual written style. But the trouble is that it is almost impossible to understand, since he simply has terrible command of his voice and does not know how to express himself at all.

While communicating with him, I had an irresistible desire to help, to explain how to develop diction and clarity of speech, to make speech understandable and pleasant to the ear. After all, it’s not difficult at all!

My tongue is my friend

They say that the voice most clearly conveys our personality. There are no two people in the world with identical voices. It is by listening to intonation that we can better understand what mood a person is in, guess what is in his soul and what he is feeling now.

Timidity in the voice usually indicates uncertainty, why does a person may appear weak and, for example, less qualified specialist what he really is. On the contrary, the ability to control yourself and your voice allows you to create the desired impression, achieve your goals, influence people and promote your beliefs and ideals.

As often happens, many people think that diction and clear speech, the talent of a speaker is inherent in people from birth - either you are given it or you are not. Give it up! This is utter stupidity. As with other skills, everything can be achieved through hard work on yourself. Exist effective exercises for the development of diction. We'll talk about them. By training for 15 minutes daily you will get noticeable results in just seven days.

Exercise 1. Cork.

How Can Wine Improve Your Articulation? Yes, very simple! You take a bottle cap (preferably at home the next day or some time later), clamp it between your teeth and begin to say phrases. To begin, take any piece of text that you like, it can also be a poem, and try to read it. At first it will be very difficult, as the muscles of the articulatory apparatus overcome the resistance created by the cork.

Then take it out and say the same thing. Once “free,” the muscles begin to work more harmoniously, and the sounds are clear. Also, a very striking effect, if practiced regularly, comes from pronouncing the so-called explosive consonants with a cork in the mouth.

Practice on the following groups of sounds:

pe-pe-pe, be-be-be, me-me-me;
te-te-te, de-de-de;
ke-ke-ke, ge-ge-ge.

The first group trains the muscles of the lips, the second develops the tip of the tongue, and the third strengthens its root. Do these exercises regularly for 5 minutes and you will see good results within a week.

Exercise 2. Ligurian traffic controller

Nothing trains diction better than complex tongue twisters. Good people By now they have come up with a lot of them and all sorts of varieties to work out a variety of problem areas. One of the most famous is called “Liguria”. This is a whole coherent text from well-known tongue twisters, which can quickly bring diction to the level of a speaker, both in children and adults. Try to read it quickly and clearly. You will definitely like it.

On Thursday the 4th, at 4 and a quarter o'clock, the Ligurian traffic controller was regulating in Liguria, but 33 ships tacked, tacked, but never managed, and then the protocol about the protocol was recorded by the protocol, as the interviewed Ligurian traffic controller was eloquent, but not clear reported, and so reported about the wet weather that, so that the incident did not become a candidate for a judicial precedent, the Ligurian traffic controller acclimatized in unconstitutional Constantinople, where the tufted laughter laughed and shouted to the Turk, who was blackly stoned with a pipe: don’t smoke, Turk, pipe, better buy a pile peak, it’s better to buy a pile of peak, otherwise a bombardier from Brandeburg will come and bombard him with bombs because some black-snouted guy dug up half his yard with his snout, dug up and dug up; but in fact the Turk was not in the business, and Klara the King was sneaking to the stall at that time, while Karl was stealing corals from Klara, for which Klara stole the clarinet from Karl, and then in the yard of the tar widow Varvara, 2 of these thieves stole firewood; but it’s a sin - not laughter - not to put it in a nut: about Clara and Karl in the darkness, all the crayfish were making noise in a fight - so the thieves had no time for the bombardier, but also not the tar widow, and not the tar children; but the angry widow put the firewood in the barn: once firewood, 2 firewood, 3 firewood - all the firewood could not fit, and 2 woodcutters, 2 woodcutters, for the emotional Varvara, expelled the firewood across the width of the yard back to the wood yard, where the heron withered, the heron withered, the heron died; the heron's chick clung tenaciously to the chain; well done against the sheep, and against the well done the sheep itself, to which Senya carries the hay in a sleigh, then Senka carries Sonya and Sanka on a sled: the sled hops, Senka sideways, Sonya head on, everything into a snowdrift, and from there only a head of bumps knocked him down, then Sasha went along the highway, Sasha found the sachet on the highway; Sonya - Sashka’s friend was walking along the highway and sucking a dryer, and besides, Sonya the turntable also had 3 cheesecakes in her mouth - exactly like a honey cake, but she had no time for a honey cake - Sonya, with the cheesecakes in her mouth, would over-mix the sexton, - over-mix: it buzzes like ground beetle, buzzing and spinning: was at Frol's - Frol lied about Lavra, will go to the Lavra at Frol Lavra will lie that - the sergeant with the sergeant, the captain with the captain, the snake has a snake, the hedgehog has a hedgehog, and a high-ranking guest has taken away from him a cane, and soon again 5 guys ate 5 honey mushrooms and a half-quarter of a quadruple of lentils without a wormhole, and 1666 pies with cottage cheese from whey from yogurt - about all of that, the bells were ringing with groans, so much so that even Konstantin - a Salzburg unpromising man from - under an armored personnel carrier he stated: just as all the bells cannot be re-ringed, all the tongue twisters cannot be repeated, all the tongue twisters cannot be re-spoken; but trying is not torture.

Exercise 3. Your own interlocutor

A lot of people don't like the way their voice and pronunciation sound on recordings. And this is not just like that, because you can immediately hear all the mistakes and articulation that is far from ideal. Read passages into a tape recorder, listen to yourself, correct what sounds ugly and does not suit you.

Exercise 4. Breathing is life

One of the most important secrets of a beautiful voice is correct diaphragmatic breathing. All singers, speakers and announcers breathe through their belly, not their chest. It is the diaphragm that creates such an air flow at which vocal cords begin to vibrate cleanly and powerfully. Also practice distributing your breathing so that it is enough for long sentences. To do this, inhale and, for example, stretch out one vowel until the air in your lungs is completely gone. Inflate air balloons- this is also very effective method breathing training when raising your voice.

All the tongue twisters cannot be repeated, all the tongue twisters cannot be repeated

Of course, all of the above is only a small part of all the methods that exist to make your speech clear and beautiful. Although even doing these exercises will take you completely new level. If you want to know more on this topic and do better, I recommend it. By studying with her, you can reach unprecedented heights. She also has an entertaining book - “Speak beautifully and confidently.” I also recommended them to my new friend, with whom we finally got out of the elevator, and I really hope that he will also quickly be able to improve his speech. After all, he is an incredibly talented guy, and he really wants the world to hear him.

Don’t be shy about revealing yourself to the world! Good luck with your diction training! With this, I say goodbye to you for today - until we meet again on the pages of the blog.

Diction. Exercises.

Do you want to learn how to speak so that people listen to you with an open mouth and an admiring gaze? Or maybe you want to perform successfully in the audience or even brilliantly pass an announcer competition? Maybe you wanted to have a specialty in which voice production and beautiful sound, but due to the underdevelopment and poor coloring of the timbre of your voice, you don’t even try to explore the desired spaces?

Don't be upset! With the help of the exercises proposed in the article, you can work on your speech apparatus and achieve a voluminous and full sound of your own voice, beautiful in timbre, with a large range. And what is very important is that by improving your speech diction, you will feel confident and increase your self-esteem. Your chances of finding high paying job, which involves extensive contacts with people of different social groups and top leaders, the conclusion of all kinds of deals and contracts, the promotion of any product will increase significantly, since a pleasant and easily modulating voice, taking on certain shades in the right situation, will quickly endear you to the person listening.

Introductory exercises:
Before you begin the exercises, make sure you have an appropriate environment. Choose a place or room that is large enough to be free of distractions and interruptions, and it would even be a good idea to remove clutter to ensure sufficient acoustics.

We recommend taking 5-10 minutes to complete each exercise to develop diction and moving on to the next one only after you have mastered the current one well enough.
First of all, you need to work on your breathing. While performing this exercise, you must constantly breathe through your nose, watch this.

1. Work on inhalation and exhalation
One of the first exercises to improve diction is correct breathing Exhale: spread your feet shoulder-width apart, hands on your waist and exhale slowly through the small hole in your lips so that you feel the air resistance of your lips. At the same time, mentally pronounce any quatrain that comes to mind.
Do this exercise in combination with walking, running, simulating mowing grass, chopping wood, sweeping with a broom, etc.
Correct exhalation will be smooth, elastic, it should not get confused when different positions body and you will feel the tension of the lower costal muscles, by training which you will achieve the desired exhalation.
Inhale: lean forward slowly so that your back is straight and inhale; straightening back, exhale and make the sounds “hi-mm-mm...” while walking.
Now return to the starting position, slowly bend down again while inhaling, spread your arms to the sides and bring them behind your head. In this position, straighten up as you exhale and stretch: “Gn-n-n...” while walking.
Following this, you need to perform another exercise to improve nasal breathing.
With your mouth closed, take a short breath through your nose, widening your nostrils, and as you exhale, tap them with your fingers.
Repeating the previous exercise, as you exhale, we make the sounds “M” and “N” and tap each nostril with our fingertips in order of priority.
At open mouth inhale through your nose and exhale slowly through your mouth, repeat this several times without closing your mouth.
Now do a massage: pressing, stroke the intercostal muscles, then the abdominal muscles with synchronized circular movements of the hands, which will help improve blood circulation in the muscles and prepare them for further exercises.

2. Palate muscle training
Slowly pronounce the consonants “K” and “G” 3 times in a row, then almost without opening your mouth, but with an open throat without a voice, pronounce the vowels “A”, “O”, “E” 3 times.
Rinse your mouth with air as you would with water, making sure that the sensations are similar.
Open your mouth the width of two fingers between your teeth and say “AMM...AMM” so that “A” is a whisper and “M” is loud, and repeat this several times.

3. Lip and tongue training
Lip and tongue training For training upper lip say “GL”, “VL”, “VN”, “TN”, and for the lower one - “KS”, “GZ”, “VZ”, “BZ”.
Shape your relaxed tongue into a shovel shape and place it on your lower lip, say “I”, “E”, repeat several times.
Shape your tongue into a curved hook and run the tip across the roof of your mouth while saying “O”, “U”.
Make the sound “M” with your mouth closed and your tongue moving internally across the roof of your mouth, cheeks and lips.

4. Exercises to identify and consolidate the central speech voice, releasing muscle tension
Pronounce any tongue twister using consonant sounds, vowels should be silent and long.
Then say the same thing in a full voice, listening carefully to yourself, you will feel your center of the speech voice, i.e. determine at what position of the articulatory apparatus it will sound easy and relaxed.
Do the same with tilting your head, alternately back and forth and left and right.
Read the tongue twister in the indicated way, but by moving your tongue to your lips, thereby omitting and replacing the pronunciation of vowels.
Take a deep breath and hold your breath (it’s better to hold your nose with your fingers) and read any text loudly. Exhale and inhale again through your nose in those places in the text where it is necessary for meaning and grammatical pauses (and do this in all body positions).
After these exercises, read the text again in a natural voice, and listen to its sound, noting the difference in diction before and after the exercises.

Exercises to improve diction:

After completing all of the above, you can move on to exercises that improve diction. They are aimed at eliminating the most common errors in pronunciation, caused by the underdevelopment of the speech apparatus.

1. Weak lower jaw
Say “PAY”, “BAY”, “MAY”, etc. At the same time, holding the chin in a constant position with your hand, the head should tilt back. At the letter "Y" the head returns. After repetition, do them in a natural state, analyzing whether there is a feeling of muscle freedom.
Do the same, but with turning your head to the right and left, trying to touch your chin to your shoulders. At the letter “Y” the head also returns to its original position.

2. Soft palate
Throw back your head and gargle with air, pronouncing the letter “M” in an extended manner, but do not protrude your lower jaw.
Try yawning with your mouth closed.
Inhale through the nose with the cheeks drawn in, with the jaw lowered and the lips pursed; as you exhale, make the sound “M”.

3. Loose tongue and lips
Each of the following exercises must be repeated several times.

pronounce "BYA", placing your tongue on your lower lip;
make sounds "AS", quickly sticking out and retracting your tongue behind your teeth;
say it several times "TKR", "KTR", "DRT", "RKT";
to improve lip function, pronounce "MB", "TV", "BM" etc.;
make your lips a tube and make a sound "MMM", then smile.

4. Correction of lack of sound in the resonating oral cavity
With your body in a straight and natural position, slowly exhale and say “SSSSSSSSSS...”, “SHSHHHHHH...”, “ZZHZHZHZH...”, “RRRRRRRRRR,” “RURRY...”.

In the current position of the body, with an intense intermittent exhalation, say “F! F! F! F! F!” which turns into a continuous sound "FFFFFF..."
Cover your mouth and nose with your hand, in this position try to pronounce the sound "M", then, removing your hand, read any text with big amount "M" or "N".

5. Overcoming underdeveloped chest sounds and muscle tension
Stand in a natural, relaxed position, place one hand on your chest to feel the vibration, and bring the other to your mouth to check your breathing. Now try to moan with different vowels: warm exhalation - moan ( "UUUUH") – warm breath. If you do everything correctly, you should experience a feeling of yawning and freedom in the throat area.
The next stage is similar, only during a quiet moan you need to try to prolong it and emphasize it with a slight push of the diaphragm inward, then exhale warmly.
Each subsequent exercise increases the number of stresses by one, and thus you reach five stresses in a row.

6. Overcoming the feeling of being out of breath when talking quickly or talking and walking at the same time
In an inclined position, you walk and look for an imaginary object, while simultaneously speaking out loud any quatrain, but make sure that your breathing is even.
Exercises to improve diction Jump rope and pronounce a simple poetic text so that the jumps coincide with the syllables of the words. If the exercise seems difficult at first, and speech and breathing become difficult, MirSovetov recommends slowing down the pace and gradually increasing it, bringing it to the maximum.

7. Development of range and strengthening of the voice
Take any poetic text consisting of 8 or more lines and start pronouncing it in such a way that the beginning of the line comes low level your range and with each line it gradually increased, reaching its maximum on the last one.
Once you have mastered this task, start with the high and end with the low range of your voice.
As you succeed, increase the number of lines of the poem.

Another row very useful exercises, the implementation of which in a short time will give tangible results:

1. Pronounce the following vowel sounds in turn, trying to lengthen each sound as much as possible in one exhalation:

A – O – U – E – S – I

First, after each sound, take your breath. Then, in one breath, pronounce three sounds: A-O-U, take in air and continue E-Y-I, and then ensure that all sounds are pronounced in a row in one breath.

2. Then follow the exercises on sound combinations:

PTA-PTO-PTU-PTE-PTY-P TI
XTA-XTO-XTU-XTE-XTY-HTI
KTA-KTO-KTU-KTE-KTY-KTI
T-TA-T-TO-T-TU-T-TE-Y-YOU-Y-THY
NTA-NTO-NTU-NTE-NTY-NTI
MTA-MTO-MTU-MTE-MTY-MIT
FTA-FTO-FTU-FTE-FTY-PTI
RTA-RTO-RTU-RTE-RTY-RTI

3. The following stanzas from V. BRYUSOV should be read slowly at first, articulating each sound, and gradually move on to tongue twister:

REVERSABLE, TIPPABLE
THE WHITE EELS GOT ANGRY.
DOWN-THROWED, UPWARDED
WERE UNWINDED AND WEAVED FROM DAWN TO DAWN.
SNAKES SCREAMING, SNAKES SCREAMING,
WHAT KIND OF DANCE, WHAT KIND OF TALE ARE YOU PLAYING IN THE MARK?
MIGHTS SWIRKING THE PATH SPLASHING,
YOU HAVE CLOSED, SHADED ALL THE FAIRWAYS TO THE GROUND.
GIRLED BY SUCKING DARKNESS,
THE SHIPS WERE STUNNED, LOST IN THE OCEAN,
THROWED WITH UNCONTAINMENT,
WATER SNAKES AND FIRE SNAKES DRAW THEM INTO THE Abyss.
WHAT ARE YOU CHEATING? NOT BY EMPIDITY
BENDINGS, WRITTLES OF LONG BODIES?
AND ARE YOU NOT PLEASURES BY Slowness?
THE CARE OF DRUNKEN LEADING INTO THE UNCHARNED LIMIT?

Tongue twisters (more more tongue twisters You can find it on our website):

The bull's white lip was blunt;
The custom of a bull, the mind of a calf;
Buy a pile of spades;
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field;
Half a quarter of a quarter of peas without a wormhole;
Tell us about your purchases. About what, about purchases? About shopping, about shopping, about my shopping;
There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass. One firewood, two firewood, three firewood;
Mother gave Romasha whey from the yogurt;
Under a burning yellow lampshade, a beetle flies and buzzes;
King eagle, eagle king;
Axes are sharp for the time being, axes are sharp for the time being;
At midnight, sometimes in the wilderness of the swamp, the reeds rustle faintly and silently;
The constitutionalist who sat down for a meeting was found acclimatizedXia in Constantinople;
Karl stole corals from Clara, Clara stole a clarinet from Karl.

Hexameters:

1. Young Eos with purple fingers rose from the darkness;
Then the beloved son of Odysseus also left the bed;
Having put on his dress, he hung his sophisticated sword on his shoulder;
Afterwards, the beautiful soles were tied to the light legs,
He left the bedroom with a face like a radiant god.
Having summoned the loud-voiced heralds of the king, he commanded
Give them a cry to gather the thick-haired Achaeans into the square;
They clicked; others gathered in the square; when
They all gathered and the meeting became complete,
With a copper spear in his hand, he appeared before the crowd of people -
He was not alone, two dashing dogs came running after him.
Athena illuminated his image with indescribable beauty,
So people marveled when they saw him coming.
The elders dispersed before him, and he sat down in his father’s place.

2. The maiden dropped the urn with water and broke it on the cliff.
The virgin sits sadly, idle holding a shard.
Miracle! the water will not dry up, pouring out from the broken urn;
The Virgin, above the eternal stream, sits forever sad.

3. Remember, comrade, what you must always do first before speaking.
Make a supply of air by expanding the chest cavity,
Tighten the lower abdomen so that there is support for the sound.
The shoulders should be at rest and motionless while breathing.
Don’t waste air, always fill it with sound.
Speak each of these verses in one breath,
And speak while keeping your chest expanded,
And leaving the lower abdomen in a taut position.
Having finished reading the lines, or verse, as they call it,
Maintain a short pause, during which
Get some of the air only using lower breathing.
Always make sure that the word is clearly visible:
Articulate vowels and consonants correctly;
Don’t be lazy to open your mouth so that your speech isn’t muttered through your teeth,
Direct the sound forward so that it resonates “in the mask.”
Before changing the tone in height, length and strength,
Strengthen yourself in evenness and sufficient volume of sound;
Listen to yourself and make sure that your voice does not weaken or fall;
So that the poems sound evenly at the end and at the beginning.
Slowly, measuredly, distinctly clear, without shouting, but sonorously -
This is how the exercises should be done at first.

1. Open your mouth wide, close your mouth
Pull the upper lip up, exposing the teeth
Pull the lower lip towards the lower gums, exposing the teeth
Alternate the movement of the upper and lower lips
Open your mouth and make sliding movements of your upper lip, pulling it over your teeth
Open your mouth and pull your lower lip over your teeth, then pull the lip down, exposing your lower teeth
Pull your lips forward into a tube, stretch them into a smile
The mouth is open, the tongue is extended forward, reach the tongue to the tip of the nose and chin alternately
The mouth is half open, the lips are closed, and the tongue makes “injections” in one or the other cheek.
Mouth half open, stick your tongue out with a “sting”, then return to its original position
Lips are closed, rotational movement of the tongue under the lips in one direction and the other
The mouth is open. Suction of the tip of the tongue to the alveoli (tubercles on the upper palate) and sudden release. There should be a clicking sound.

2. Exercise “Scuba diver”

These are development exercises chest breathing. You need to try to pronounce words, the first letters of which are emphasized, as if from the inside, from the stomach, as you exhale. Shall we try?

I become a scuba diver
I'm sinking lower and lower
And the bottom of the sea is closer, closer
And now I’m in the underwater kingdom
Even though he sank deep
But in a free chest voice
I manage easily
To master the chest register
Benefits of becoming a scuba diver

3. Exercises to develop diction. Exercise A.V. Pryanishnikova:

Remember firmly that before you start a word in the exercise
The chest should be expanded slightly while
Select the lower abdomen to support the respiratory sound
The shoulders should be at rest and motionless while breathing.
Speak each line of poetry in one breath,
And make sure your chest doesn’t shrink during your speech,
Because when you exhale, one diaphragm moves.
Reading, after finishing the lines, do not rush to move on to the next one:
Pause briefly at the pace of the verse, at the same time
Hold your breath for a moment, then continue reading.
Make sure every word is heard:
Remember to use clear and pure diction on the sounds of consonants,
Don’t be lazy to open your mouth so that the sound is free for your voice.
The voice, even in a quiet sound, should retain metallicity.
Before removing the exercise on tempo, pitch and volume, you need to pay attention to the evenness and stability of the sound:
Listen closely so that your voice does not tremble or sway anywhere. Exhale sparingly, counting on each line:
Composure, sonority, flight, stability, slowness, smoothness -
This is what you first look for in the exercise with attentive hearing.

3. Difficult to pronounce

We all know that some words contain letter combinations that are very difficult to pronounce. This short exercise contains all the most “difficult to pronounce” syllables. if you learn to pronounce them, you will not be afraid of anything.

LRI - RLI, LRE - RLE, LRA - RLA, LRO - RLO, LRU - RLU, LRY - RLY
MNI - NMI, ME - NME, MNA - NMA, MNO - NMO, MNU - NMU, ME - NMY
CPTI - GBDI, CPTE - GBDE, CPTA - GBDA, CPTO - GBDO, CPTU - GBDU, CPTY - GBDI
PTKI - GBDI, PTKE - GBDE, PTKA - GBDA, PTKO - GBDO, PTKU - GBDU, PTKY - GBDI
ZZDRI, ZZDRE, ZZDRA, ZZDRO, ZZDRU, ZZDRY

5. Tongue twisters (you will find even more tongue twisters on our website):
We all know the benefits of tongue twisters, here is a small selection of those that I really like, either in content or in their complexity:

From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field
The heron wasted away, the heron was withered, the heron was dead
The pig snouted the white snout, dug up, dug up half the yard with its snout, dug up, dug up
In our yard there is a courtyard, the weather has become wet
The bull is blunt-lipped, the bull is blunt-lipped, the bull's white lip was dull
Buy a pile of peaks, buy a pile of peaks, buy a pile of peaks
Thirty-three ships tacked, tacked, but did not tack
The emotional Lukerya felt the emotion of the unfeelingXia Nikolka
The interviewer interviewed the interventionist
Bombardier bombed Brandenburg
Konstantin stated
And I have no time to feel unwell
The exhibitionist's biceps are not big
Deftly maneuvering in laryngology, the laryngologist easily cured laryngitis
Because of the hillock, from under the underside, the bunny is falling apartwasted
The Sergeant-major and the Sergeant-major and the Rotmister and the Rostmister came to the Habsburgs from Strasbourg, but the Sergeant-mister and the Rostmister came from near Syktyvkar
In the shallows we lazily caught burbot, for me you caught tench. About love, weren’t you the one who sweetly begged me and beckoned me into the mists of the estuary?
Speech is intelligent, but if your tongue has a lisp, then speak quickly, quickly after tongue-twister.
The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style, the bell is not poured in the Kolokolov style, the cap needs to be repacked, re-capped, the bell needs to be re-belled, re-bellied,we need to re-speak all the tongue twisters, re-speakand then you’ll talk like you’re babbling a river
The commander spoke about the colonel, about the colonel, about the lieutenant colonel, he said nothing about the lieutenant colonel, but said that if you don’t look for a goose’s mustache, you won’t find it, that a pike has scales, a pig has bristles, that there are bells near a stake, that a wasp has no mustache, no whiskers , and the mustache
The nervous constitutionalist Konstantin was found acclimatizedin the constitutional city of Constantinople and with calm dignity inventing improvedpneumatic bag punchesateliers

Exercises to develop the muscles of the tongue.

The tongue takes an active part in the formation of most speech sounds. The clarity of speech largely depends on its work. Particular difficulties arise when pronouncing words with a combination of consonants, when it is necessary to quickly switch the movement of the tongue from one position to another. To strengthen the muscles of the tongue, improve its mobility and switchability, before using exercises in pronouncing sounds, words and phrases with a cluster of consonants, clearly practice the following movements.

1. Stick your tongue out and move it left, right, up, down.
2. Stick your tongue out and make circular movements from left to right, then vice versa - from right to left.
3. With your mouth open and your tongue slightly protruding, make it wide, narrow, and cup (the tip and sides are slightly raised).
4. Using a slightly raised, tense tip of the tongue, “clean” upper teeth from outside and inside, in the direction from the inside of the teeth to the outside and vice versa.
Monitor the correct execution of movements using a mirror. Make sure that all tongue movements are performed easily and freely, without much tension.

Exercises in clearly pronouncing consonant sounds in syllables.

Read the syllables.
1. pa, po, pu, py, pe
pya, pyo, pyu, pya, pya
ta, then, tu, you, te
you, you, you, you, those
sa, so, su, sy, se
xia, seo, xia, si, se
zha, zho, zhu, zhi, zha

2. ap, op, up, ip, ep
at, from, ut, yt, et
as, os, us, ys, es
ash, osh, ush, ish, esh

Exercises in clearly pronouncing words with a combination of consonant sounds.

Read aloud words with a combination of two, three and four consonants: entrance, insert, luggage, tourist, map, flowerbed, service, tail, swipe, snatch, collect, roach, stamp, pimple, swaggering, platoon, swim, weave, straighten, move, spark, feed, canvas, look, grotesque, breast, cover, moment, smooth, tetanus, smooth, tetanus, trunk, hawk, fires, sprats, emerge, open, health resort, fight, meet, overseer, uniform, warning, metro builder, colander, journey, transcription.

Exercises in the clarity and clarity of pronunciation of sounds and words in phrasal speech.

To practice the precision and clarity of pronunciation of consonant sounds and words, it is useful to use tongue twisters, which are built on a combination of consonant sounds that are difficult to pronounce. Reading tongue twisters should begin at a slow pace, while clearly pronouncing each word and each sound. Gradually increase the pace, but make sure that the clarity of pronunciation does not decrease.
Read the tongue twisters:

Prokhor and Pakhom were riding on horseback.
The jackdaw sat on a stick, the stick hit the jackdaw.
From the clatter of hooves, dust flies across the field.
The bull's white lip was blunt.
The water truck was carrying water from the water supply system.
Fenya has a sweatshirt, Faya has shoes.
On seven sleighs, seven people sat in the sleigh themselves.
The heron's chick clung tenaciously to the chain.
Prokop arrived - the dill was boiling. Prokop left - the dill was boiling. Just as dill was boiling under Prokop, dill was boiling without Prokop.
Mother gave Romasha whey from the yogurt.
The bee buzzed and the spider buzzed.
Scales on a pike, bristles on a pig.
The cap is not sewn in the Kolpakov style; I should repack the cap, but re-pack it.
There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass: one firewood, two firewood - do not cut wood on the grass of the yard.
The ships tacked, but did not tack.
You can’t talk through all the tongue twisters, you can’t talk through all the tongue twisters quickly.

Say small tongue twisters in one exhalation. Maintain the smoothness and consistency of their pronunciation.

Further consolidation of good diction is carried out by reading aloud poetic and prose texts. At the same time, at first it is necessary to continue to monitor the work of the lips, tongue, lower jaw, the clear pronunciation of vowel sounds (stressed and unstressed), the clear pronunciation of consonants, but do not allow their pronunciation to be amplified or emphasized.

Each exercise is practiced until it can be performed easily and freely, without much tension.

When working on diction, it is necessary to take into account correct use speech breathing and voices. So, when pronouncing tongue twisters, it is necessary to correctly convey their content, pause appropriately, and get air in a timely manner.

Not everyone is able to reproduce sounds smoothly and clearly. This indicates problems with diction, which creates certain inconveniences and discomfort for a person in communication both in childhood and in adulthood. This question is especially relevant for people whose activities involve public speaking. If you or your loved ones have such a problem, then do not despair: all defects can be corrected. You just need to regularly use a set of exercises aimed at improving your diction.

Why is it worth correcting diction?

The art of speaking beautifully and clearly requires practice.

Diction is the distinct and clear pronunciation of words and syllables. In this case, correct articulation must be present - activation of the speech organs, which allow the reproduction of sounds. The speech of a person suffering from a diction disorder becomes slurred and muffled. This leads to difficulties in communication, because it is difficult for others to understand him. The reason for this deviation is defects in the speech apparatus, for example, the inability to open the mouth wide when speaking or poor mobility of the lower jaw.

If such violations exist, you should immediately begin performing special sets of exercises. If a child suffers from diction disorders, these techniques will help him improve his performance at school, make new friends and increase self-esteem. The adult will also experience positive changes. Start practicing and be sure: you won’t have to wait long to notice the first results.

Normalizing speech allows you to expand your social circle and speak confidently in front of an audience.

How to quickly improve your speech

To date it has been developed sufficient quantity simple ways, which allow anyone to independently improve quality speech activity. Let's look at the most affordable and effective of them.

Articulation gymnastics

Speech gymnastics is aimed at training the articulatory apparatus, which includes certain muscle groups. It consists of several exercises.

Speech apparatus training - most effective method improve diction

These exercises should be performed at a slow pace.

First, let's develop the soft palate. Perform the following steps in order:

Yawn with your mouth closed.
Make movements reminiscent of gargling.
Make any vowel sounds when yawning.
Shape your tongue into a spatula, reach the roof of your mouth, then return it to the base of your teeth, repeat several times.

Now we need to work on lower jaw. Two exercises will help here.

Sit at the table, rest your elbows on the tabletop. Open your mouth a little. Direct your jaw downwards with force, while clench your hands into fists and press them on the jaw from below.
Make circular movements with your lower jaw: forward and backward, down and up.

Then start training your cheeks:

Simulate rinsing, puff out your cheeks and retract them.
Take air into your mouth and move it first between your cheeks and then to your lips.
Tighten your cheeks, purse your lips and push air out of your mouth, trying to overcome the resistance.

The following exercises are designed to train your lips:

Close your jaws, tighten your lips and try to smile.
The exercise is called “proboscis – smile”. Fold your lips into a tube shape, extend them forward and count to 10, then return to the starting position.
Close your teeth and move your lips in a circle, down and up, to the sides.
Pull your upper lip to expose a row of teeth. Then perform a similar exercise with the lower one.
Open your mouth slightly, pull your lips to your teeth and smile.

Finally, perform a set of exercises for the tongue:

Make circular movements, stopping one by one near each cheek.
Use your teeth to stretch your tongue.
Place your tongue on your lower lip and blow on the tip.
Pull your tongue forward, fold it with a spatula and place it on your lip. Hold it in this position for 10 seconds.
Try to reach your tongue first to your nose (as far as possible), then to the level of your chin.
Curl your tongue and move it back and forth.
Turn your tongue one way and the other.
Lift the end of your tongue, push it forward, then return it to the oral cavity.
Place the edge of the tongue near the lower teeth, middle part Lift your tongue towards the palate and form an arch, touching the upper row of teeth. Open your mouth a little, try to keep your jaw motionless.
With the tip of your tongue, touch the base of the upper and lower teeth, then alternately to both cheeks.
Bring the edge of your tongue to the upper, then to the lower lip, then to the left and right corners of the lips.

Video: basic articulation gymnastics exercises

Pronunciation of individual sounds

Vowel sounds are reproduced near the dentition, in the area hard palate and larynx. The following exercises will help you reproduce them correctly.

To normalize the reproduction of the sounds “I” and “Y”, slowly and clearly say the words silt, willow, peak, feast, whale, or, leaf, circus, rear, cheese, son, soap, was, bull, smoke, fish.
When playing the vowel “and”, the mouth opens to the size of the thickness of the little finger, the tongue is in a flat state, its tip reaches the lower dentition, the middle touches the palate, the lips are spread apart. The sound “y” is pronounced with minor changes. To do this, move your tongue back a little.
The following words will make it possible to get rid of problems with the pronunciation of “E” and “E”: echo, extra, this, epic, emergency, era, ate, spruce, rode, raccoon, Eva, Elena.
The sound “E” is pronounced in this position: the mouth opens slightly, exposing the edges of the teeth. The tongue is located near the front teeth of the lower row, its middle part and base rise, then come into contact with the molars. The vowel “E” should be pronounced longer and the vocal apparatus should be slightly strained.
Now work on the pronunciation of "A" and "Z". Use the words act, stork, attack, Anna, ball, poppy, cancer, pit, start, yar, berry, anchor, yak, manger, rage, poison.
When playing “A,” you need to open your mouth so that two fingers fit between your teeth. The tongue is in a relaxed position. Its end does not come into contact with the lower row of teeth. When pronouncing “I,” you should move the edge of your tongue forward.
Next, let's move on to the vowels “U” and “Yu”. They are practiced using the words morning, mustache, coal, mind, tooth, bonds, bow, court, beetle, narrow, top, Yura, young man, south, Julia, cabin boy, humor, holy fool.
When pronouncing “U”, round your lips and pull them forward. The distance between the rows of teeth should be equal to the thickness thumb. Pull your tongue back, lower its base. When playing “Yu”, raise the middle part of the tongue a little higher
Let's start with the vowel sounds “O” and “E”. Say the words axis, windows, wasps, lake, hoop, donkey, hedgehog, Christmas tree, container, yokat, fidget.
When pronouncing “O”, extend your lips forward and give them a rounded shape. Move your tongue back, lift its back. It should not touch the teeth. The vowel “Yo” is played longer and more intensely.

Pronunciation exercises are best done in front of a mirror: this way you can more accurately control the correctness of their implementation

At the next stage, you can move on to training consonant sounds. First, we clearly pronounce each of these sounds. Next, we combine them with vowels in a certain order. Step by step method looks like this:

Let's start with "P-B". Say the words: steam, pop, dad, drops, oak, tank, dove, bob, holster, white.
Then move on to the combinations par-bar, regiment-bolt, pass-bass, sang-white, sleep-sleep, bur-bureau, was-beat.
For sounds F–V, you need to pronounce the following words: fact, snort, pound, jacket, forward, giraffe, faithful, Valya, light, prominent, knock out.
Combinations: Ivan-Selifan, water-phase, Vika-ficus, about to vomit, fork-Filka, Fomka-Fyokla, firm-snort.
For the sounds “T–D”: there, tank, ton, here, that, aunt, crowded, lady, go, two, fords, woodpecker, smoke, day.
Combinations: there-dam, tok-dok, tom-house, your-deuce, grass-firewood, body-deed, shadow-day, cake-grater, gift-uncle.
To train the sounds “S–Z”: son, court, sit down, strength, seedlings, vinegar, cart, winter, splinter, appeal, goat.
Combinations: sam-zam, soup-tooth, salo-zala, braids-goats, weed-dawn, cheese-sir, bring-in-downstairs, session-sel, blue-Zina.
For the sounds “SH-Zh”: ball, nimble, shawl, gun, dried, shower, tin, pity, beetle, acorn, puddle, thirst, gun.
Combinations: yours-important, ball-heat, joke-creepy, live-sew, wide-fat.
For the sounds “K–H, G”: where, how, bush, pickaxe, current, mole, gas, runner, grief, weight, worse, ghetto, withers, choir, shepherd, trachea.
Combinations: swing-gazelle, bone-guest, count-goal, code-year, club-stupid, whip-gnat, Kesha-Gosha.
For the sound “Ш”: thing, pike, sorrel, happiness, brush, squeaks, cloak.
Combinations: tongs-pincers, prowl-food, cabbage soup-look, aunt-brush.
For the sound “Ch”: sensitive, hour, frequent, speech, bee, charm, patronymic.
Combinations of wind-evening, the-what, tight-honest, sensitive-fur coat, aunt-clear.
For the sound “C”: whole, heron, circus, king, swim, flowers, saucer.
Combinations: tsok-sok, color-light, goal-village, street-fox.
For the sounds “M”, “N”, “L”, “Y”, “R”: mother, poppy, crumpled, lamp, nose, cute, mint, our, bottom, moon, Olya, watering can, wound, pain, risk, spruce, dialect, T-shirt, loach.
Combinations: small-knead, sign-familiar, soap-cute, whine-thread, nana-nanny, lac-lyag, rad-row, bow-luk, marriage-boyak, cancer-lacquer, fire-fire, hand-bow.

Video: practicing pronouncing sound combinations

Tongue twisters for clear pronunciation of words and phrases

These are small phrases with a certain combination of sounds that make it difficult to pronounce quickly. They help practice individual syllables. The main rule of training is Do not try to immediately pronounce the phrase at a fast pace. Repeat it slowly at first. Once you begin to speak clearly, speed up the pace.

Mastering the art of quickly pronouncing tongue twisters is not easy, but the result will definitely please you

Practice daily and you will notice results in a few weeks. Doesn't have to be used a large number of tongue twisters, five to ten phrases will be enough.

Start with simple tongue twisters and as you master them, move on to complex phrases.

Here are examples of good tongue twisters:

“Prokop came - the dill was boiling, Prokop left - the dill was boiling. Just as under Prokop the dill was boiling, so without Prokop the dill was boiling.”
“The radishes rarely grew in the garden bed, the garden bed was rarely in order.”
“It is not the stupid who is stingy with words, but the stupid who is stupid with deeds.”
“The little cuckoo bought a hood, the little cuckoo put on the hood, he looks funny in a hood.”
“He was already running along a crooked path, he didn’t stamp a single foot, he would have stamped, but he couldn’t, because he had no legs.”
“Two ships tacked and tacked, but didn’t tack.”

Video: news anchor recites tongue twisters

Correct posture and strong breathing

Correct posture and breathing are the key to full-voiced and clear speech

The easiest way to improve your posture is with the age-old “book on your head” exercise. Place a book on your head and begin to slowly walk around the room. Then incorporate squats and arm movements into the exercise. This complex will help you learn to maintain the breathing rate necessary for monologue speech.

Speech breathing really depends heavily on posture.

Developing breathing will allow you to make a long speech and not be interrupted by pauses in inappropriate places. This is necessary so that your listeners understand you correctly. Let's start with exhalation training:

Place your feet shoulder-width apart and place your hands on your waist.
Purse your lips tightly, leaving a small hole.
Exhale slowly, the air should come out with resistance.
During the exercise, read any quatrain.

If physical state lets you can add to breathing exercises elements physical activity, for example, squats, walking or even light jogging.

Let's move on to inhalation training:

Bend forward, keeping your back parallel to the floor. Inhale. Then take the starting position. Exhale slowly and at the same time say “hym-mm.”
Take the starting position. Close your mouth and inhale air through your nose, widening your nostrils. As the air comes out, tap your fingers on them.
Take a lying position. Place one hand on your stomach, the other on your lower chest. Inhale deeply through your nose. Lift your stomach, your chest should expand. Then exhale slowly. Repeat several times.
Take a standing position, place your hand on your chest, place the other near your mouth. Make vowel sounds as you inhale and exhale. If you feel a yawn, you have successfully completed the exercise.
Next, do the same exercise, but now extend the exhalation and inhalation, making a slight push with the diaphragm.

What else improves diction

Correct intonation will help you achieve the desired result. Read any text with expression, and you will notice positive changes in voice timbre, pronunciation, and tempo. You can use acting methods to train diction. Put a cork, walnuts or a pencil in your mouth and read a few tongue twisters or any text that you like. Words must be pronounced at a slow pace, pronouncing each letter well.

Reading aloud with expression will help you learn the correct semantic intonation

Another great method is based on the need to hear yourself from the outside. Record your own voice on a voice recorder and then listen to the recording. This way you will immediately detect mistakes made in your speech. Record again, but now try to correct the flaws. You can read a poem or any literary text. Repeat until you achieve the perfect result.

The exercises described in the article to improve diction do not require any special training. They can be performed by both adults and children. With a responsible approach to training, you will notice progress within a couple of weeks.

Voice can convince listeners, gain trust, or alienate. This is especially important in conference calls and phone conversations, where your voice is your only tool.

The great ancient Greek orator Demosthenes had a weak voice, unclear diction, burr and lisp. He made speeches while rolling pebbles in his mouth and achieved great success. Today there are more safe way improve diction - speak with a cork in your teeth. This best exercise for diction, it is practiced by everyone who works on TV. In acting schools, they even tie the cork to a string and hang it around the neck to practice at any time.

The wine cork should be held between the front teeth (2-3 mm beyond the line of the teeth), the mouth should be slightly open, the teeth should be exposed. In this position, speak and read loudly for 5–10 minutes several times a day. The exercise develops the articulatory apparatus and vocal cords (part of the load falls on them; when the articulatory apparatus cannot cope, they have to compensate for what “the lips cannot do”).

Running with headphones in your ears and repeating after the announcer everything he says is effective. When running, you will become out of breath, which will create additional difficulties for your speech and breathing apparatus. At the end of the training, you will be able to enjoy clear diction, which will come naturally.

If you suffer from stuttering, take note of a proven method: rewrite several pages of book text every day. While writing, a person pronounces the text in his thoughts, but it is impossible to stutter mentally. Gradually you will begin to speak out loud without hesitation.

Tongue twisters are not entirely pleasant, but they perfectly improve diction. The results are heard already on the 3rd day and they remain for a long time if you continue to develop your diction. Important condition: You need to say them loudly.

There are two types of tongue twisters:
– for the brain – it’s easy to pronounce, but the words get confused (Clara stole corals from Karl
- for the language - if it is difficult for you to speak hissing words (the emotional Varvara felt the emotion of the insensitive Vavila).
Don’t try to pronounce the tongue twister quickly right away. First, master it at a slow pace, read it syllable by syllable, then move on to average tempo, and only then pronounce the tongue twister with acceleration.

Try pronouncing the tongue twister with different intonations (surprised, indignant, questioning, etc.) or hum it to the tune of a song.

Incorporate movement into the tongue twister: squat, jump, dance.

In addition to tongue twisters, write down and work through phrases and words that you are often asked again - these words contain a combination of letters that is difficult for you, you need to bring it to clarity.

Sleep with sleep glasses - they help relax all the muscles of the face, including the lips and jaw. This improves diction.

Development of the articulatory apparatus

The sound of your voice and the clarity of your spoken words are important to the audience. Voice training is easy if you do it articulatory gymnastics. It develops the tongue, lips, cheeks, palate, lower jaw and helps make your speech clear and pleasant to hear.

The development of the articulatory apparatus is facilitated by reading aloud; it helps to correctly place accents, make the necessary stresses and intonations.

For the pure formation of sounds, develop your tongue: “clean” the gums with your tongue, make “injections” with your tongue in the cheeks, move it across the palate, stretch out your tongue, flick it.

Warm-up for the jaw: take your lower jaw with both hands and open it several times, effortlessly, not sharply, only with the help of your hands - this exercise helps relieve tension from the submandibular muscles.

Warm-up for the cheeks: puff out your cheeks, “roll” the air inside your mouth, then release the tension by doing “whoa.”

To make speech clear and easy, develop your lips: stretch them out with a “tube” and rotate them in a circle in both directions, say “outi - uti”, stretch them out with a tube and grab the air with them, slap your relaxed lips “five-five-five” and gather them together. “P-b-p-b”, pull your lips over your teeth.

Say “ma”, “mama” to yourself, and also “ha” halfway through the exhalation. At the same time, the palate should be raised, the position of the mouth should be like when making the sound “O” - these exercises make the sound deeper and louder.

Staging the speaker's voice

You need to train your voice regularly - this is the main tool in public speaking, which must be used to advantage

Voice training includes exercises that need to be practiced every day, standing in front of a mirror.

To train lower diaphragmatic breathing (“belly”). Stand straight, feet shoulder-width apart, relax your shoulders and head. Wrap your arms around your shoulders, squeezing chest, press your fingers tightly to your shoulder blades. Breathe with your stomach, inhaling through your nose, exhaling through your mouth, fingers should not move, shoulders should not rise and elbows should not move.

Stand straight, straighten your arms in front of your chest, palms facing each other. Inhale deeply through your nose and sharply spread your arms to the sides, then slowly bring your arms together and exhale through your mouth with the sound “zzzzzz”. When your palms touch each other, release your breath.

To “warm up” your voice, you need to stand up straight, relax, and breathe with your stomach. Form your palms like a mouthpiece, “show” your throat to the doctor, lower your larynx, inhale and say “aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa. Do this several times, increasing the volume, but without straining.

If your voice sounds tense and needs to be relaxed, open your mouth, relax your facial muscles, inhale and exhale, swing your jaw up and down 4-5 times. You can also make a creaking sound, similar to the sound of a door opening, while the jaw is lowered and the teeth should not be closed.

Use a tongue twister - say “lri-lre-lra-lro-lru-lry”, first slowly and then speed up. It is important to articulate well, to pronounce with different intonations, like a question and an answer. Then relax the muscles of your mouth and say “Whoa” as you exhale.

To make the sound free and concentrated, you need to catch the low position of the larynx. To do this, you need to lower your jaw to your chest, open your mouth wide, lower the root of your tongue down, as if you are showing your throat to a doctor, lower the tension and yawn 2-3 times.

How to improve diction? This problem very relevant today for many people. After all, a person who is naturally capable of speaking beautifully is a rarity. That is why, for centuries, oratory was considered the highest art, which it was believed that only a select few could master. Fortunately, today it is possible to eliminate various speech defects quite easily. Special exercises can help with this.

However, in order to solve the problem as effectively as possible, you first need to understand its very essence. Diction is the pronunciation of syllables and letters by the human speech organs. Diction is considered good if it is clear and smooth, if the words are pronounced clearly and at the same time loud enough.
Among the main causes of problems with diction are weak jaw mobility and the inability to open the mouth normally. As a result, a person’s speech begins to sound muffled, crumpled and unintelligible. Pay attention to how you speak. Do you manage to pronounce syllables and letters correctly every time, and does your speech always sound loud and clear? If you find any problems in yourself, take care of yourself immediately!

How to improve diction with training?

Exercises to improve diction were invented many years ago. Even the Roman orator Cicero always put 3-4 small round stones in his mouth before speaking in public and read excerpts from texts. By the way, this method is still used today by many speech therapists, although today pebbles are usually replaced with wine corks or walnuts.
In addition, there are also a number of modern exercises that can improve diction:

Open your mouth and start moving your lower jaw left and right. Try to keep your head as still as possible. After 2-3 minutes, try moving your jaw back and forth. Continue doing the exercise for another 2 minutes.
Smile as wide as possible. Circle the teeth of the upper and lower rows with your tongue. Count each one in this way, but it is not recommended to twist your jaw.
Smile again. After this, run the edge of your tongue along inner surface upper lip. Repeat with lower lip. Finally, “slide” your tongue along the edges of your lips in a circle. Try to maintain maximum jaw immobility.
Smile while exposing your teeth. After this, move your tongue from one side of your mouth to the other. Try to ensure that your facial muscles did not move, the tongue was clamped between the upper and lower lips and did not touch the lower jaw.
Now stand on your feet and place your hands on your chest. Gradually tilt your torso forward and pronounce the sounds “O” and “U”. Gradually try to make your voice lower and lower.

Basic rules for improving the quality of spoken language

By observing these simple rules, you will be able to improve your diction and speech within a few weeks. In order to achieve maximum results in as soon as possible Try to do the exercises daily for at least 15 minutes. Please note that until noon the facial muscles continue to “sleep”. By working on yourself, you can also become an excellent speaker.