Birch eye color. The rarest eye color: unusual shades and variations

Scientists have calculated that there are 8 eye colors. And these are just the most common ones. But there are people on the planet who have the most rare color eye.

What is the most common eye color?

The most common eye color in the world is brown. The only exceptions are the Baltic countries, where there are a lot of fair-haired people, and, accordingly, the eyes of most of them are blue.

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The human eye consists of the eyeball and accessory organs. The apple has a spherical shape and is located in the cavity of the orbit.

The middle shell of the eyeball is rich in vessels and itself consists of three parts: the anterior (iris) or iris (in the form of a flat ring with the pupil), the middle (eyelashes), the posterior (cluster of vessels and nerve fibers).

Colour human eye determined by the color of the iris. Its shade, in turn, is determined by the amount of melanin in the front layer irises (the back layer has a dark pigment; albinos are an exception) and fiber thickness.

It happens that eye color changes throughout life, you can read about it.

Primary colors of the human eye

Melanin affects the color of the iris of the eyes, hair and skin.

Melanin affects the shade of not only the iris, but also hair and skin. The more it is contained in the body, the more “east” a person looks, that is, melanin colors brown, black, brown.

Brown is the most common eye color in the world. The iris contains a large number of melanin, the fibers are quite dense.

The prevalence of this shade is explained by its "usefulness": dark eyes resist and bright light the sun (among the southern peoples), and the blinding glare of snow and glaciers (among the peoples of the north).

As a result of evolution and migratory movements, which took place most actively from the 1st to the 5th century AD, this eye color is found on all continents and in all races.

Blue

Scientifically speaking, blue eyes do not exist. The appearance of this shade of the iris is due to a small amount of melanin and high density stroma (connective tissue) fibers. Since it has a bluish color, light reflects off of it and makes the eyes blue. The higher the density of collagen fibers, the lighter the shade.

Decreased production of melanin in blue-eyed people due to a genetic mutation, the age of which is 6-10 millennia. This eye color is most common in Europeans.(about 60% of the population), however, it is also found among Asian peoples. In Jews, the birth rate of blue-eyed children is more than 50%.

The blue color of the eyes indicates a small amount of melanin and a low density of stromal fibers. The lower this density, the richer the shade. Mostly babies have such eyes.

Gray eyes are similar to blue, but the eyes gray color the density of the fibrous body of the stroma is slightly higher. The shade of gray will depend on the degree of light scattering. At elevated content melanin, yellow or brown pigment spots are possible.

This eye color is most common in Europe and countries such as Afghanistan and Pakistan.

marsh

Swamp eye color - mixed. Depending on the lighting, it appears brown, hazel, golden or green. The number of melanin cells that give Brown color, is small, the admixture of blue or gray depends on the thickness of the stroma fibers.

Usually, the iris of swamp eyes is heterogeneous; there are a large number age spots. You can meet such eyes among the Indians, Europeans and the peoples of the Middle East.

The green iris contains a small amount of melanin; the light brown or ocher pigment of such an iris merges with the scattered blue tint of the stroma and turns green.

Like marsh eyes, green eyes do not have an evenly distributed hue.

Pure green is very rare, is more common in residents of all regions of Europe. According to recent studies, mostly women are born with eyes of this color.

According to some reports, the so-called red hair gene recessive gene in the human genotype.

Black eyes are similar in structure to brown ones, but the amount of melanin in the iris of such eyes is very large, falling on the iris sunlight absorbed almost completely.

Such eyes are common among the peoples of Asia.. Babies in such regions are immediately born with melanin-saturated eye membranes. Pure black eye color occurs in albinism (with the oculocutaneous type).

rare eye colors

The unusual color of the iris of the eye, as a rule, is caused by various disorders: genetic mutations or other malfunctions in normal operation organism.

Red eyes are found in albinos (ocular type of albinism). There is no melanin in the iris of such people, both in its outer layer and in the inner one (which, as mentioned above, has a dark color). The color of the eyes in this case is determined by the blood vessels.

In extremely rare cases, the red color may take on a purple hue due to of blue color stroma, but this phenomenon practically does not occur. Albinism is only 1.5% of the total population of the Earth. Often accompanied by visual impairment.

violet

The phenomenon of lilac eyes is practically not studied. It was called the "origin of Alexandria": according to the ancient Egyptian myth, the inhabitants of a small village saw a strange flash in the sky and considered it a sign of God. In that year, the women of the settlement began to give birth to children with unusually beautiful eyes.

One of the first was the girl Alexandria: in the first year of her life, her eyes changed from blue to purple. Subsequently, her daughters were born, and each of them had the same eyes. The brightest example a person with such a pathology is Elizabeth Taylor: her iris had a lilac hue. People with this eye color are even rarer than albinos.

Lack of iris

People with this pathology have black as coal eyes. As a rule, the mutation is accompanied by visual impairment: hypoplasia, etc.

Eyes of different colors

One of the most beautiful mutations of the eye is heterochromia. It is characterized different color irises of the left and right eyes or unequal color of different parts of one eye, that is, it can be complete and partial.

There is both congenital and acquired heterochromia.

She is may develop as a result of serious diseases or injuries of the eye(siderosis, tumors). Partial heterochromia is much more common, even in apparently healthy people.

In animals (dogs, cats) this phenomenon is much more widespread than in humans (white cats, huskies, etc.).

The human eye consists of the main organ - the eyeball, as well as auxiliary appendages. The shell is permeated with many blood vessels and is divided into three parts: anterior, - irises, middle and posterior, where there is a concentration of nerve fibers and blood vessels. The red color of the eyes is predetermined by the tone of the iris, that is, the iris, and its tone, in turn, is determined percentage melanin in the very first layer of the iris. In this article we will tell you whether red eyes exist in reality.

There are people with natural red eyes, but rarely

A lot of people are really sure that you can’t see a real, not inflamed red eye, a photo. You can only retouch them, that is, paint them. However, this is not true. It is really possible to take a picture or see live a person who has genuine red eyes.

Natural bright red eyes are rare, compared to cinnamon, black or blue. A similar phenomenon occurs due to the absence of a coloring pigment in the mesodermal layer of the movable diaphragm of the eye. As a result, the iris is not painted in any particular tone, but through such a shell blood vessels, which give a genuine bright red color to the eyes.

Such people have colorless hairline on the whole body and even colorless eyelashes, and also have almost transparent skin. In very rare cases, when there is at least a small part of melanin in the human body, it enters the eye stroma and because of this it becomes bluish.

Each individual eye can be a different color

Heterochromia is the name of a similar phenomenon. If you translate this word from Greek, then it means "different color." The origin of this unique quality stems from the varying amounts of melanin in the movable diaphragm of each eye. There may be complete heterochromia, when one pupil of one color, the second of another. There is also a partial one - one eye has irises of different colors.

If, for example, one eye does not have melanin pigment, and the second one has it in normal amount, then this can lead to different color individual eye pupils. Yes, reddish brown different eyes It happens when melanin pigment is absent in one eye, while it is present in the other. Dark red eyes happen if melanin is still present in both eyes, but in small quantities.

Eye color may change

Basically, Caucasian babies are born with blue, maybe with brown eyes. At 3-6 months after birth, their shade may become darker. This is due to the entry of melanocytes into the iris of the eye. It is not until around the age of 12 that the child's eye color is finally established, for example, dark red eyes.

What causes red eyes in children

The thin mobile diaphragm of the eyes is formed in the embryo at the eleventh week of fetal development. It was then that the red color of the eyes of the future person is determined. The process of inheritance of the shade of the iris is very complex, it involves several genes at once. Previously, it was believed that parents with dark eyes categorically cannot have a child with light or red eyes. However, latest research prove this erroneous assertion.

The color of the eye socket in young children depends on two reasons:

• compact arrangement of cells in the internal apple;
• the amount of melanin in the iris.

There is a completely wrong opinion - that most newborns have Blue eyes. It is not always so. Do newborns have red eyes? Of course there are.

Every child is born with a given amount of melanin and a certain cell density in the iris, which makes their eyeballs appear lighter. When a child grows up, the process of accumulation of melanin in the iris and the formation of a different eye color takes place, sometimes melanin disappears, like in albinos. If you need an answer to the question - is there a red color for these guys, then the answer is yes, it exists. The phenomenon of turning bluish pupils into red eyes is explained quite simply. The melanin disappears and the eyes turn red.

Red eyes in albino children

If small child bright red eyes, then this may be a sign of a disease associated with genetics - albinism. In albinism, there is no melanin as such. This is a serious pathology and the upbringing of such a child will require a lot of effort. You will need to wear special glasses for him and regularly show him to the ophthalmologist.

Albinism is not a mutation, but a pathology. A consequence of the genetic lottery: the distant ancestors of such people once suffered from a lack of melanin. This pathology is a hereditary trait and can be detected when two identical genes meet. Albino people make up only 1.5 percent of the world's population. Red eyes in albinos are more common than all other people.

People are sometimes amazed at what a bright red eye color albinos have. However, this is not a color. The fact is that their iris is unusually light, so the choroid of the eye, penetrated by capillaries, is visible through it. When there is a certain light, the bright red color of the eyes is especially noticeable.

Is there red-brown eyes?

In nature, there can be no red-brown eyes, because, as mentioned above, the red color of the eyes depends on a small proportion of melanin in the iris visual organ. But in people with brown eyes, the amount of melanin in the iris is too much. As a result, a person does not have red-brown eyes.

If someone tells you that he saw a red-brown real color of two eyes in another person, do not believe him, he is telling a lie.

Red eye color due to negative external influences

When redness of the eyes is detected as a disease, one must first of all build a series of questions - why did it appear? Finding answers to them, you can find the causes of the disease in order to outline a plan necessary procedures for recovery.

There are two different concepts: symptom and red-eye syndrome. In each case, the treatment is not the same. At the first stage of diagnosis, you need to try to classify the cause of the appearance of red eyes in people.

Symptom - red eyes in humans

When redness of the eyes appears unexpectedly, without discomfort and unpleasant secretions from the eyes, then such a slight nuisance can be cured by express methods. Among which: a compress placed on the eye area with a decoction oak bark or chamomile, brewing tea, the use of drops that constrict blood vessels.

Red eye syndrome

If the problem is a person with red eyes due to abnormal microcirculation in the organs of vision, then this clear sign red eye syndrome. To treat it, you must first find the causes of its appearance.

The main reasons are:

• long alcohol intoxication and prenatal toxicosis;
• external Negative influence– electromagnetic or radioactive radiation.

In order for a person with red eyes with such symptoms to regain their normal eye color, it is enough to remove the causes that led to such a symptom.

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to red eyes

With a lack of vitamins in the body, the color of the eyes can also change to red. The culprit for such manifestations is usually vitamin D, not vitamin A. It is vitamin D that affects the normal organic color of the eyes in humans. If it is present in the body in abundance, then there will never be a red-eye effect.

Eyes glowing red - a clear sign of increased intraocular pressure

Ophthaltonus, - intraocular pressure is formed in the process of outflow and inflow of fluids inside the eye. And also, it is it that forms the spherical shape of the eyeball. It is measured in millimeters of mercury. Normal performance intraocular pressure 10–23 mmHg Art. With increased intraocular pressure, red eyes appear in people. This is the main sign of a lot of pressure inside the eyes.

The main cause of discomfort and problems with the eyes is just high intraocular pressure. Red color of the eyes due to intraocular pressure can be observed in people aged close to forty years and older. early detection and effective treatment can prevent the risk of complications, the most dangerous of them is glaucoma.

During the day, intraocular pressure can be different indicators. For example, during the day, the pressure can be very high, and decrease in the evening, and then the red eye changes color. Usually the difference does not exceed 3 mm Hg. Art. Regulate intraocular pressure in a medical way. Each medicine is selected individually.

It is the doctor who must prescribe medications that will help the patient. In this case, the patient must adhere to a certain lifestyle: sleep on large pillows, go for walks.

In severe cases of ophthaltonia, you can resort to laser correction intraocular pressure. In such operations, the laser plays the role of a small needle or knife that helps to carry out complex operations without cut.

Regardless of the type of laser used, similar treatment helps to normalize the outflow of intraocular fluid, which leads to a decrease in pressure and relief of the effect - eyes glowing red. Depending on the distance of the laser action wave used, the treatment of ophthaltonus is performed in different ways, either by applying a local burn or by using a microexplosion. Laser treatment of elevated intraocular pressure does not currently have better alternatives.

And yet, in addition to the obvious advantages, laser treatment increased pressure inside the eye, which causes red eyes in humans, has a number of disadvantages.

Here are some of them:

• the possibility of a reactive syndrome - an increase in pressure in the eyes immediately after the operation;
• possible damage to the lens capsule;
• low efficiency hypotensive action at the onset of the disease.

Summing up

In the end, I would like to say that people, and even animals, can undoubtedly have red eyes. Moreover, the natural color, and not due to illness or physical damage. And this is an unambiguous answer to the question - is there a red color of the eyes. This phenomenon may occur due to certain disorders of the DNA gene construction in newborn children. Such people or animals do not have eyeballs the coloring pigment is melanin. It is this pigment that directly affects the color of the eyes of a person born into the world. If you look at red eyes, photos of some famous people, such as - Sarah McDaniel or Elizabeth Barkley, then you can really make sure that natural red eyes are not a myth. If you answer the question: “Does red eyes exist?”, Then the answer is, of course, yes.

My daughter's eyes are the most common color - gray with brown rays around the pupil. She looks enviously at the albino cat with bright blue eyes and sighs: “I would like these, Matvey!” I adequately explain to her that people do not have eyes of this color by nature. And if she is so bad with her “relatives”, then she will grow up, and you can turn the gray color of her eyes into sky blue, amber or violet with the help of contact lenses.

In fact, blue is not the rarest eye color in the world. Although there are not so many owners of a truly ultramarine iris. In nature, there is enough amazing, and as it turned out, you can even find purple and red eyes, not to mention emerald green, beloved by all novelists.

What eye colors are considered the rarest? There is no exact data on this. But we can distinguish five groups that are the least common and always attract the attention of others with their brightness and unusualness.

Eye color depends on the amount of melanin - a pigment that is in the body of any person.

What is an iris in its essence? This is a thin diaphragm that is located between the posterior and anterior chambers of the eye. The iris is impenetrable, but mobile, located in its center. It is permeated with vessels and can be of different thickness - this also has its effect on its color. But the main role is played, of course, by the amount of melanin - the coloring pigment that is produced in the body of each person.

Melanin is responsible not only for eye color, but also for hair and skin tone. The more it is, the darker the person. The reaction of the pupil to light also affects the color of the eyes. When it narrows, melanin concentrates in the iris and it becomes brighter. If the pupil dilates, then the pigments scatter and the color of the iris becomes correspondingly lighter and more transparent.

The shade of the iris is also affected hereditary factor. It is natural that dark-eyed parents give birth to dark-eyed children, although they can have eyes of any shade - blue, green, hazel. But for light-eyed parents, a child with brown or black eyes is a rarity. In addition, the following factors can change the shade:

1. Liver disease - in this case, the iris will cast yellow.
2. A small amount of melanin pigment and a thin iris - a red or purple hue, since the vessels of the iris are of this color.
3. A very large amount of pigment - the eyes become blue-black or black-brown.

All of these factors can be combined and superimposed on one another. it is then that very interesting and unusual shades- blood red, purple, amber yellow, yellow green. All this is quite understandable from the point of view of physiology and there is no mysticism here.

Red iris - albinos

Red and purple eye colors are considered a feature of albinos - people with very fair skin and practically colorless hair. Due to such an unusual and even frightening shade total absence melanin in the ectodermal and mesodermal layer of the iris.

The red color in this case is given by the blood vessels and collagen fibers that make it up. This shade can be found in representatives of any race, both in men and in women.

Green eyes - mermaid or fairy?

Surprisingly, the authors of women's novels are right in many respects, rewarding their green-eyed beautiful heroines with red curls. The green color of the iris of the eyes is really a gene that is inherent in most cases in all red-haired people. Along the edge of the iris is a special pigment - lipofuscin. He has yellow. When mixed with melanin in a small amount (and red-haired people have little of it, it’s not for nothing that they are so light-skinned) a green tint is obtained.

Usually they have a heterogeneous color, you can see rays of yellow, brown, sometimes blue. They tend to change color depending on psycho-emotional state, clothing, lighting, makeup. Interestingly, there are much more green-eyed women than men. Mostly they are residents of Central and Eastern Europe.

Violet color - where does it come from

Many believe that it is the purple shade of the iris that is the rarest. Where does it come from, what is it? Mutation, a gift from the gods or an echo of alien civilizations? Not the first, not the second, not the third. A mesmerizing purple hue appears when red and blue are mixed. Blue is provided by the pigment melanin, which has already been mentioned above. And red is the color of the vessels of the iris.

There is an opinion among scientists that such a combination may be due to the human environment. For example, in Northern Kashmir, purple eyes are not at all uncommon. In Europeans, the purple hue can vary from transparent amethyst to blue-purple.

Amber - molten gold

Amber eyes look very unusual, they seem to radiate warmth and sunlight. To some they resemble liquid gold or copper, to others they resemble the mesmerizing eyes of a wolf. Scientists attribute them to a variety of brown eyes. Often they have an admixture of green or yellow, sometimes brown.

Eyes black and burning

The black color of the iris always speaks of great content melanin. How are we not surprised at gray or blue color eye, so in the countries of Asia or Africa, black is not considered a rarity. But everything changes if such deep, simply bottomless eyes go to a white-skinned blonde. True, Europeans still rarely have completely black eyes, like representatives of the Negroid race. Eye colors such as graphite, obsidian, blue-black or black-chestnut are more common.

Multi-colored eyes - is heterochromia dangerous?

It is very rare to find people whose eyes have different shades. In medicine, this phenomenon is called and considered an anomaly. It can be congenital or acquired after an eye injury, surgical intervention or previous ophthalmic disease. There are two types of heterochromia:

• complete - when the color of one eye is noticeably different from the other;
• partial or sector - when only one eye stands out in color.

Often you can find this feature in animals - dogs or cats. But there are enough people with such an anomaly - for example, the actress from the USA Kate Bosworth has eyes of different shades.

The people have their own interpretation of why people have eyes of rare, extravagant shades. It is believed that magicians and natures prone to mysticism have black eyes. The purple hue speaks of positive energy and purity of the aura. The green color of the iris is a symbol vital energy, strength. Amber is endurance and vitality, while red is a sign of a passionate, emotional nature.

Do not be discouraged if you have the most ordinary gray or gray. The main thing is that they radiate, because it is really a mirror of the soul, and only their expression can tell a lot about your thoughts, feelings and character - not color at all.

The first thing we pay attention to when meeting a person is the color of his eyes, the more interesting they are, the longer you want to look at them. There is nothing supernatural in the formation of the shade of the eyes. Eye color depends on how and in what quantity melanin is formed in the iris. Also, the factors that determine color include: heredity, climatic features and race of a person.

The iris of the eye is just a mobile, thin, impenetrable diaphragm, which is located behind the cornea in front of the lens. Everyone knows the reaction of the pupil to light, with a narrowed pupil, the eyes darken, with an enlarged pupil, they brighten. The psycho-emotional component can also determine the color of the eyes, for everyone this happens in different ways, depending on the mood. But there is also such an anomaly when the iris is completely absent. This condition is called aniridia. Symptoms are strabismus, decreased vision, photophobia, and glaucoma. Treatment is usually surgical.

The main and most popular are the eyes of brown, blue, blue, as well as green and gray. Let's consider the most interesting ones.

Brown eye color.

The most common are people with a brown tint. Evolution and migration helped to “scatter” brown-eyed people across all races and continents. With a sufficiently dense fiber in the iris, contains great amount melanin. Nature has made life easier for man and created eyes of brown color of dark chocolate, since it is this shade that most easily perceives the bright sunlight, as well as blinding glare on the surface of the snow.

Blue eye color.

Science claims that there is no such shade in nature, since it is genetic mutation. Melanin in the iris of the blue-eyed part of the population contains very little, while connective tissue dense enough, the reflection of light from it and gives a blue color to the eyes. The brightness of the iris depends on the number of collagen fibers - the more of them, the lighter the shade. People with blue color the eye is most common in Europe, and very rare among Asians.

Yellow.

And in a different way amber eye, is quite rare. The golden hue is due to a large accumulation of lipochrome - a special pigment that gives a characteristic color to substances. For example, a type of lipochrome is melanin, which gives yellow color egg yolk. In the animal world, more often among predators, there are yellow-eyed individuals. Wolves, owls, lynxes and eagles, thanks to this eye color, quickly notice their prey at a great distance. Popular rumor says about the unusual character of people with a yellow tint of the iris, they say that they can do desperate things, have endurance, perseverance and ingenuity.

Green color.

Amazing and beautiful shade. Since ancient times, it was believed that green-eyed people belong to the category of magicians, witches and sorcerers. The Inquisition violently exterminated this part of the population, so maybe that's why there are so few people with a green tint of eyes now. Science explains this eye color as a small amount of melanin in the body. And now some statistics:
– green-eyed men many times less than women;
- The first place in the number of inhabitants with green eyes belongs to Holland and Iceland.

Eyes of different colors.

Such an anomaly human body called - heterochromia, occurs, according to science, in 10 out of 1000 people and there are three types:

1. Partial - many shades on one eye, the so-called spots, and even entire sectors.
2. Full - each eye has its own color, the most popular combination is blue and brown.
3. Circular - the iris has pronounced rings of different colors.

Heterochromia is a congenital disorder and literally translates as “another color”. Not only people have such an anomaly, but also animals. The most common are horses, cats and dogs. According to statistics, the beautiful half of humanity more often has it.

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Rare eye color. Top 5.

Famous people with unusual eyes.

And at famous people eye color anomalies. For example, the American actress Mila Kunis has completely different eyes, one green, the other light brown. The same fate befell the British actress Jane Seymour. And actress Alice Eve has a green right eye and a blue left eye. American model and actress Kate Bosworth has the same blue eyes, but one of them has a half brown shade. The owner of the same anomaly, Henry Cavill, is the star of the movie "Agents of A. N. K. L."

The influence of eye color on a person's character.

Most often, in people who are unshakable with a strong character, you can find a green tint of the eyes. They have the gift of persuasion. They have a sense of justice, talented, sociable. Will always help those in need. Such people are loyal and caring, they can prove their feelings not only with words, but also with deeds. Reach high altitudes in business. There are also many among them people of creative professions - artists, writers and scientists.

Blue eyes belong, as a rule, to romantic natures, for whom emotions come first. Therefore, they often conflict, proving their point of view and being right. Too sentimental, they love intrigues and numerous novels, for this reason it is difficult for them to find a second half. Vulnerable, sensitive and touchy, often depressed without special reasons. At the same time, they are talented, and very quickly adapt to new unusual conditions.

Initiative, impulsive - these are character traits inherent in people with black eyes. They like to be leaders and are always in the spotlight. In life, the soul of the company, in the service - an exemplary employee. Self-confident, amorous, sometimes aggressive and irritable. They are the owners of non-standard thinking, radiate warmth and charm. Demanding not only to themselves, but also to others.

The rarely seen yellow tint of the eyes belongs to people who have incredible ingenuity, cunning and artistry. If friends, then they are loyal and reliable, if opponents, then they are merciless and very dangerous. Poorly manage their emotions, and at the same time they quickly recognize falsehood.