If the cycle is inconsistent, how to determine ovulation. How to calculate ovulation with an irregular cycle: the most accurate methods

In this work you can find the answer to the most common question of girls dreaming of having a child: how to recognize ovulation? There are times when a couple has quite active sex, but the long-awaited result still does not come. What to do in this situation? Of course, you can sign up for quite expensive procedures and try to find out the reason there. But maybe it's because you're just having sex at the wrong time?

As you know, conception is possible only at the moment the egg leaves the follicle. This process is commonly called ovulation. Today we will talk about how to recognize ovulation not only with the help of specialists, but also independently, at home.

When is fertilization possible?

Before we look at everything possible methods, we suggest you get to know a little about the process of fertilization of an egg and the process of ovulation. It is also important to point out that the question of how to recognize ovulation also plagues those women who seek to avoid pregnancy.

In order to answer main question, you need to get to know a little female physiology. Ovulation occurs almost every month if the girl is in reproductive age and healthy. As a rule, the probability of pregnancy is high for only about two days a month. These days fall in the middle menstrual cycle. Here are some approximate calculations:

• 28-day cycle - ovulation occurs on the 12th day;
• 35-day cycle - on the 17th day.

It should be taken into account that everyone’s body is individual, you need to listen carefully to your body, then you will not be able to miss the moment of ovulation.

What is this?

Now we will tell you a little about what ovulation is. This concept is very important for girls who dream of getting pregnant. The ovulation process has great importance when planning pregnancy. After all, if it does not happen, then pregnancy is impossible.

To put it briefly and accessible language, then ovulation is the process of an egg leaving the follicle that is fully mature and ready for fertilization. It lasts only a couple of minutes, once the mature egg has entered the abdominal cavity, the ovulation process is considered complete.

Back in intrauterine development Girls lay eggs, there are about a million of them. Until puberty, the eggs remain dormant. However, some of them die without waiting to emerge from the follicle. By the time of her first menstruation, a girl has about 300 thousand follicles. Of this number, only about 500 ovulate during the entire reproductive period.

In order to answer the question of how to recognize ovulation, it is necessary to clarify the fact that ovulation may not occur every month. However, there are cases when several follicles mature and burst at once. If this happens, then a multiple pregnancy is possible.

Methods

From this part of the article you can learn how to recognize ovulation on your own or with the help of specialists. There are several methods in total:

• ultrasound diagnostics;
• blood analysis;
• rapid test;
• listen to feelings;
• observe vaginal discharge;
• construction method

The most accurate result will be one confirmed by several methods for recognizing ovulation. However, some of them can take a big toll on your wallet. For example, if you go for an ultrasound every day or use rapid tests. Most correct option- calculate approximate days ovulation using the calendar method, confirm or refute your calculations using a test strip.

Ultrasound

In this section you will learn how to recognize ovulation by ultrasound. Ultrasound examination is carried out in a number of cases, from determining the cause of an irregular cycle to diagnosing infertility.

A gynecologist may prescribe an ultrasound to track ovulation if there are the following problems:

• painful periods;
• their absence;
• when stimulating egg maturation;
• in the treatment or diagnosis of infertility;
• if a woman is preparing for an IVF procedure;
• with poor results of hormone tests;
• if a woman is planning a pregnancy after an abortion, miscarriage, etc.;
• for the selection of contraceptives.

Many people are interested in the question: how is ultrasound performed to determine ovulation? There are three methods of examination:

• transvaginal;
• transrectal;
• transabdominal.

The first two methods are internal, the last is external. The most common option is transvaginal. The transrectal method is used to study virgins, and the transabdominal method is used to study pregnant women.

It has already been mentioned that greatest distribution has a transvaginal method. During the procedure, a sensor is inserted directly into the vagina. An ultrasound examination using this method takes no more than 30 minutes, no pain During this, the woman does not experience.

The advantage of this examination is that you do not need to prepare for it at all. Need to shower and defecate bladder. You need to take a regular condom with you.

Blood analysis

How does approaching ovulation manifest itself? How to recognize it using laboratory method? In this section you will find out the answers to these questions.

As you know, the menstrual cycle is impossible without the participation of many hormones. The main ones are: FSH, LH, progesterone. Let's tell you a little more about each of them.

Follicle stimulating hormone, also called FSH, promotes the maturation of follicles that are located in the ovaries. If the hormone content exceeds the maximum norm, the follicle simply ruptures, thus releasing the egg. At this moment, ovulation occurs. Then the concentration gradually decreases.

Next on our list was luteinizing hormone. This is what the rapid ovulation test is trying to identify. It is important to know that the day before ovulation the amount of this hormone increases approximately tenfold. If you decide to take a blood test for hormones to determine ovulation, you also need to know that it is important not only its presence in the blood, but also its ratio with FSH. This ratio should be approximately this: LH:FSH = 1.5:2.0. With a regular cycle, this analysis must be done on the 3-8th and 19-21st days of the cycle. FSH is also given on the same days. If the cycle is irregular, then ovulation must be monitored by taking a test daily from the 8th to the 18th day of the cycle.

The last thing we noted was progesterone. It is also called the pregnancy hormone. It got this name for a reason, the whole point is that progesterone is produced yellow body and protects the embryo from miscarriage. Its deficiency can cause infertility.

This method determining ovulation helps not only to determine the exact day of its onset, but also to identify hormonal imbalance. It is better to combine a blood test for hormones with an ultrasound examination, so the result will be more accurate.

Now we propose to identify the pros and cons of this method. This information can be obtained from the table below.

Test strips

Now we will discuss another method. How to recognize ovulation when irregular cycle? In fact, this is not so easy to do. You can spend a lot of time and money, go to the clinic for long research. Take place regularly ultrasound examination, take blood tests and so on. There is a less expensive way.

Girls often use rapid tests to determine pregnancy, but few people know that there are similar test strips for determining ovulation. The advantage of this method is that you can carry out the test at home, on your own, and there are no significant material costs.

Prices for these express tests vary from 30 rubles to 1.5 thousand. The probability is quite high, approximately 90%.

Now a little about the method of application. First you need to decide on the day. If you have a regular cycle, subtract the number "17" from its length, then you will get the day of the cycle on which you need to test. With an irregular cycle, you need to take the length of the shortest one for the last half of the year and also subtract 17.

• do not drink for 4 hours before the test;
• refrain from going to the toilet 2 hours before;
• follow the instructions specifically for your test;
• do not use morning urine;
• for a more accurate result, perform 2-3 times a day (most the right time- from 10 am to 10 pm).

Feel

In this section you will learn how to recognize ovulation by sensations. It is important to understand that you will not be able to feel the process of tearing the follicle. The reason lies in the fact that it does not have nerve endings. But the egg begins to move along fallopian tubes as a result of their contractions, which can affect the physical and emotional state.

So, how to recognize ovulation by sensation? The following symptoms may appear:

• slight pain in the ovarian area, it can have a different character (aching, cutting, stabbing, cramping, etc.), it lasts for 1-2 days;
• pain after ovulation (this may indicate inflammatory processes, you need to make an appointment with a gynecologist);
• the day before ovulation, a girl may be in a very good emotional state;
• sexual activity increases;
• Your mood improves and you feel more confident.

It should be noted here that each organism is individual, the signs may be different. In order to determine ovulation, you need to listen carefully to your body.

Discharge

In this section we will tell you how to recognize ovulation by discharge. It is important for all girls to know that the cervix secretes special mucus, which helps sperm survive and move through the reproductive tract. If a girl is attentive to her body, then she knows how to recognize ovulation by the discharge.

The first after menstruation is the so-called dry period. During this period of time there is practically no discharge, as there is a low level of estrogen. There may be discharge, but it is very thick, this is necessary for the formation of a cervical plug. It is needed to prevent any infection or sperm from entering the uterus.

Just before ovulation day, estrogen levels begin to rise and cervical mucus becomes thinner and stickier. After this, it acquires a creamy texture. Such discharge is considered normal if certain conditions are met:

• the discharge resembles jelly and is transparent in color;
• they are observed in small numbers;
• have no odor;
• do not have a bad effect on the skin;
• no itching;
• no pain;
• no elevated body temperature.

As the egg matures, the nature of the cervical discharge changes. One day and up to 2 days after ovulation, they acquire a consistency similar to raw egg white. Don’t worry if the discharge becomes very heavy, this is considered normal.

It is also necessary to clarify that the nature of the discharge and its duration are individual for everyone.

Calendar method

Now we will share another method on how to recognize ovulation without a test. Previously, a regular calendar was used for these purposes. The essence of the method is as follows: be sure to mark every day of menstruation for long period time. For a more accurate result, it is usually analyzed from 6 months to a year.

It is also important to point out that the probability of determining exact day ovulation using the calendar method is very small. How it works? Record the start dates of the last 12 menstruation, then apply the Ogino-Knaus method. First formula: A = B - 18; second formula: C = D - 11. A is the beginning of the period favorable for conception, B is the duration short cycle, C - end of the favorable period, D - duration of the longest cycle.

Basal temperature measurement

In this part of the article, you will learn how to recognize the day of ovulation using paper, a pen and a regular thermometer. This method is more accurate relative to the calendar method. In order to calculate the day of ovulation, it is necessary to analyze the schedule of at least 3 cycles.

For these purposes, basal temperature is measured using one of the following methods:

• in the oral cavity;
• in the rectum;
• in the vagina.

Since temperature must be measured every day (even during menstruation), the most the best option is the measurement in the rectum.

To calculate, you must adhere to the following recommendations:

• measure temperature daily;
• if you use the oral method, then the thermometer should be held under the tongue for at least 5 minutes, while pressing your lips tightly;
• if you use the vaginal or rectal method, you need to insert about 3 centimeters and measure the temperature for 4 minutes;
• always use the same thermometer;
• you need to measure your temperature in the morning without getting out of bed;
• record the obtained result in a special chart.

Reading the graph

In the previous section, you learned how to recognize ovulation at home using a thermometer. Now a little about how to read the resulting graph.

From the first day of menstruation, the basal temperature is high; in the middle of the cycle it decreases. It is necessary to look for ovulation around this period. It can be recognized by a jump from 0.2 to 0.6 degrees. After this drop, the temperature will remain at this level for up to 2 weeks. On the eve of menstruation, the temperature drops. The day of ovulation is considered to be the day when the basal temperature is lowest before the jump.

Now you can easily predict the day of ovulation. Most favorable period for conception - two days before the jump and the day after it.

How to determine ovulation if menstruation lasts different time or does it sometimes come in a month? Is it so important to determine it for conception? Answers to these questions can be obtained if you understand how to correctly create a menstruation calendar.

Irregular menstrual cycles can occur in any woman at any age. It may not form even from the very first menstruation. But if the unformed cycle does not carry any dangerous consequences for health, then this factor can negatively affect the conception of a child. It is important to know on what days the egg leaves the ovary. This period is considered successful for pregnancy.

What is ovulation

Ovulation is the only way eggs to be fertilized by male sperm. The process of greatest fertility - ovulation, takes from 12 hours to 48 hours. Therefore, the time for the egg released from the ovary to meet with the sperm is quite short.

Due to the short ovulatory phase It is important to know which day is the most favorable for conception.

What is considered an irregular cycle?

Irregular menstrual cycles may indicate illness reproductive system, or simply be a feature of the organism. To understand why it has ceased to be systematic, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist and endocrinologist.

The cycle becomes irregular if the periods between menstruation are different each time, it can be 35 days or 40 days. If it lasts 28-30 days, and sometimes another 2-5 days are added (with a long menstrual period of 33-36 days), then there are no deviations. But if a woman does not know when her next period may come, then this will be considered a serious deviation.

When it comes

In the body of a healthy woman, ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle, that is, on days 13-14 in a 28-day cycle or on days 15-16 in a 30-day cycle. The percentage of conceiving a child on the day of the expected release of the egg during regular menstruation is approximately 60%.

If your cycle is irregular, how to determine ovulation

Conceive at irregular ovulation It's hard enough. Even a completely healthy woman has problems in her body. With an irregular cycle, calculating a successful day for conception is quite difficult, but it is possible.

Determining the release of an egg from the ovary when menstruation is irregular is quite difficult. One of the most simple methods are tests that are sold in every pharmacy. You need to start doing these tests from the first day of your period, since with hormonal imbalances, the release of an egg can occur on any day.

The indicators may turn out to be false even if tested from the first day of menstruation. The result is affected hidden illness or simple stress.

An effective way to calculate the day of ovulation is to determine basal temperature. Its essence lies in the fact that before the ovulatory phase, due to the action of progesterone, body temperature decreases. And during its onset, the temperature increases by 0.5 degrees. You should measure your basal temperature without getting out of bed every morning (it’s better mercury thermometer). It is better to start sexual intercourse from the day the temperature rises, so that by the day of ovulation the sperm has time to reach the egg.

For amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstruation. It can be ovulatory or anovulatory. If anovulatory amenorrhea is diagnosed, it is impossible to conceive a child without treatment or IVF. With ovulatory amenorrhea, ovulation can be recognized:

• by conducting tests;
• measuring basal temperature;
• monitoring vaginal discharge;
• for hormone tests;

Cycle 22-25 days

With regularity menstrual period at 22-25 days, gynecologists recommend keeping your monthly calendar for six months. This will allow us to determine the onset have a good day for pregnancy two weeks before the onset of the next menstruation. With a menstrual period of 22 days, it will occur on the 8-9th day from the start of menstruation.

Cycle 32-36 days

If the menstrual period is regular at 32-36 days, ovulation will occur on the 17-18th day from the start of menstruation. Such long periods of the menstrual period are extremely rare, but the possibility exists. As a rule, this feature is due to hereditary factor, recently suffered diseases of inflammatory pathogenesis.

Example

Regardless of the regularity of menstruation, the length of the first phase in a woman is individual, and the length of the second phase is often unchanged and lasts 14 days. But for more accurate calculation you need to know the first day of the last six periods.

Example:

The longest period is 40 days, and the shortest is 24 days. From the smallest period, the number 14 is subtracted - the first fertile day, and from the very long period number 16, the end of the fertile period.

Calculation according to the table

To calculate the release of an egg, there are many tables in which data on the first day of the last menstruation, periods and duration of menstruation are entered. After which the exact day of ovulation is automatically calculated.

Period calendar

Also, a woman can lead a normal women's calendar, focusing on your feelings, basal temperature measurements, test results and ultrasound. Celebrating different colors fertile and luteal phases, a woman independently calculates a successful day for conception.

Error

The error when calculating according to the table and calendar is 1-2 days, but this barrier can be overcome if you have sexual intercourse two days before the expected day of ovulation. Considering the fact that the viability of sperm is 72 hours, you can “insure yourself” in advance. Also, to be sure, you can undergo several tests at once, do an ultrasound to see the formation of the corpus luteum.

In the presence of intimate relationships, questions about pregnancy, desired or not, are urgent and relevant. Definition of the most auspicious days For conception (ovulation) it may most often be needed in two cases. In the first case, the girl calculates ovulation if she is planning a child, in the other - to avoid unwanted pregnancy. Calculating ovulation with a stable menstrual cycle is enough simple task. Things are different with girls suffering hormonal disorders and, as a result, not regular cycle.

Normal and abnormalities in the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is normal if:

• Consists on average of 28 days, errors of 7 days up or down are permissible, due to this individual characteristics body
• The monthly cycle is regular, regularity determines the maturation of the egg
• Menstruation lasts 3-7 days, of which the first 2-3 days are bleeding, the remaining 1-4 days are spotting.
• The volume of blood lost is within the range of 50-100 ml
• Colorless or whitish discharge during the intermenstrual period

There can be deviations from any canons, but there are special cases in which certain discrepancies are a variant of the norm. Among these:

• Periodic absence of ovulation (no more than 1-2 times a year)
• Cycle irregularity during breastfeeding
• Increased cycle length, but ovulation occurs regularly
• Slight shift in the day of the onset of menstruation in both directions

Cycle disorders that can be caused by pathology include all other variations of the menstrual cycle.

Irregular cycle and its causes

We can talk about irregularity of the menstrual cycle in the case of:

• Monthly change in the start date of menstrual bleeding
• Constant cycle duration is either higher or lower than normal
• Ovulation occurs on any day of the cycle
• Irregular maturation of germ cells

The main feature of irregular menstrual cycles is the randomness of egg maturation and the onset of ovulation.

The reasons that could provoke such failures are possible:

• Hormonal disorders
• Diseases of the reproductive system
• Stress factors, chronic fatigue
• Significant physical activity
• Change of climate zone
• Sudden fluctuations in body weight
• Severe food restriction

If the irregularity of the menstrual cycle is confirmed from month to month for a long time (more than 4-6 months in a row), it is imperative to visit a gynecologist-endocrinologist.

Calculation of ovulation with an irregular cycle

If your cycle is irregular, you can use in the following ways to calculate ovulation days:

• Basal temperature chart
• Calendar method using a calculator
• Physiological signs
• Blood analysis
• Saliva analysis

An important condition for the truth of the results is strict adherence to the rules for conducting the methods, and the absence of factors that may provoke distortion. For different methods different factors can interfere with validity. Among them: smoking, inflammatory processes, increased body temperature, sexual contact, drinking too much.

This method is very effective, however, subject to long-term use, that is, in advance of the desired conception (at least 3 months). It is best to measure basal temperature rectally with an ordinary thermometer, after sleep, without getting out of bed. Temperature data must be transferred to a coordinate system, to vertical axis which to mark the temperature, and on the horizontal - the days of the cycle. At the end of the cycle, draw a temperature graph connecting all the points. To interpret the curve, it is enough to notice, after level indicators, a drop in temperature by 0.4-0.6 degrees, and then its further jump upward. This will be ovulation. There is no need to calculate anything else.

Test systems

A simple and convenient method, similar in meaning and methodology to a pregnancy test. This way you can easily find out how to calculate ovulation with an irregular cycle. To do this, you need to dip a special strip into a reservoir of urine and read the result after a few minutes. The test shows the concentration of the hormone, the level of which increases towards ovulation and reaches a peak 10-12 hours before it. The peculiarity of the test is that it must be carried out not just once, but starting several days before expected ovulation and until an increase in hormone levels is detected (the second strip will be bright and clear). If you have an irregular cycle, it is recommended to start testing earlier, from day 5-7. On average, you may need 5 test strips. Before the test, it is advisable not to drink large quantities of liquid and refrain from urinating for 2-3 hours. It is not recommended to test with morning urine.

Calculation using an online calculator

The method is not very accurate. Internet sites offer to calculate ovulation by entering the start date of the last menstrual cycle and the number of days in it. Calculators work in a template way and imply a mathematical calculation in which a standard formula is programmed: 17 days are subtracted from the duration of the cycle you entered. They are not designed for special cases, that is, they do not take into account a lot of related indicators. This method is not relevant at the time of this cycle; information can only be obtained retrospectively, after the fact. Thus, it is uninformative and not useful.

Definition by symptoms

And although most symptoms are subjective, ovulation can still be determined by the following signs:

• Discomfort in the lower abdomen, may be combined with mild aching pain
• Change in color and consistency vaginal discharge from whitish and jelly-like to transparent and viscous, viscous
• Breast tenderness and swelling
• Increased libido and subconscious sexual arousal

Laboratory diagnostics blood test

The method is based on determining the level of the hormone in the blood. Needs multiple repetitions throughout the cycle.

Saliva analysis

For this method you need to use special device. The principle of operation is based on fixing the concentration of chlorides (salts) in the saliva of a girl, which is influenced by the sex hormone. A drop of saliva is placed on the glass of the device on an empty stomach and it is expected to dry. Next, a sample of the discharge is examined under a microscope and compared with schematic drawings. In the absence of ovulation, there is chaos and no clear pattern. As it approaches, fragments of the drawing become noticeable. 1-2 days before the release of the egg, a pattern resembling a fern will be formed. The device is also available for home use.

Ultrasound examination of the ovaries

The most accurate and visual method, but the most expensive and troublesome, as it involves repeated research in medical institutions. For women with an irregular cycle, ultrasound should be performed at least twice; if desired, or on the recommendation of a specialist, an additional one can be done. The first study is carried out on days 5-7, the second on days 10-12. Using this diagnosis, the process of follicle creation is observed and the day of its rupture is predicted.

Usually ladies resort to more comfortable and available methods definitions of the ovulatory phase, which can be applied without leaving home. In this case, for more reliable result It is recommended to calculate ovulation using several methods.

There comes a time in the life of almost every woman when she begins to plan to conceive. In order for the fertilization process to go faster, you need to know how to determine ovulation. This is especially true for women with irregular menstrual cycles. It should be remembered that the main accompanying the emergence pregnancy factors are positive attitude, careful attitude towards your health, support and love of your partner.

How to calculate ovulation with an irregular cycle? The menstrual cycle is 28 days. For women with regular cycles best period for conceiving a child between 12-16 days. But it is impossible to know exactly when ovulation occurs in women with irregular menstrual cycles. In such cases, you need to know about alternative methods definitions.

Instead of looking at a calendar and making complex calculations, if you have an irregular cycle, it is better to try to understand your body and learn to determine the beginning of the process. For such women, it is impossible to calculate ovulation with an irregular cycle, but the signs of this phenomenon are the same for every woman. It is quite difficult to calculate the day when it will come.

Determination methods

Basal body temperature (BBT) is the temperature that a woman measures when she first wakes up, before getting out of bed.

Monitoring a woman's BBT is a time-tested way to chart and predict ovulation. This method has helped many women get pregnant. However, regular studies have shown that it is not as effective as previously stated.

Before ovulation, basal body temperature is usually stable. For most women, this figure will be between 36.1 and 36.4 °C. During ovulation, the hormone progesterone is released, which leads to slightly elevated temperature a day or two after ovulation - usually by 0.1 or 0.2 °C.

The temperature remains elevated until the next cycle begins. If you become pregnant during this cycle, your temperature will remain elevated for some time. A difference of 0.1°C is very small, so it is important to take your temperature every day.

Also, keep in mind that temperature changes occur after ovulation. This means that as soon as your temperature goes up, you've probably already missed your chance of getting pregnant this cycle. However, if you measure your temperature every day for several cycles and keep a chart, then you will be able to determine the day of ovulation correctly.

Tips for decrypting your BBT:

• you need to start measuring your temperature from the 1st day of menstruation;
• do this at approximately the same time every day, preferably before getting out of bed in the morning;
• It is recommended not to eat, drink, smoke or even move anything before taking your temperature;
• you can take your temperature any way you want - orally, rectally or vaginally;
• remember to use the same method every time;
• record the temperature every day on your chart;
• Consult your doctor to help you decipher the schedule correctly.

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Although the BBT chart is a widely used method, it is not the most accurate. Some women do not see a clear pattern when recording their temperature. Because ovulation can occur at different times in different cycles, your BBT chart may not be an effective guide to ovulation.

Cervical mucus

Changes in cervical mucus are an easy way to predict ovulation.

For some, it is unacceptable due to hygienic or aesthetic reasons. But to achieve the desired pregnancy, all methods are good. According to one study, it is a more accurate way to predict ovulation than BBT, although it can be used in combination with it.

The mucus that is present on the uterus serves various purposes. When ovulation time approaches, cervical mucus prevents sperm from entering the uterus. It is impossible to get pregnant at this time, and therefore the woman’s body protects the uterus from everything.

As ovulation approaches, the cervix secretes large quantity mucus. When the process begins, the cervical mucus becomes elastic and transparent. In consistency, it resembles egg white and during this period it seems to protect the sperm, helping it in its movement towards the egg.

For a woman with a 28-day cycle, characteristic changes in cervical mucus will look something like this:

1. Days 1-5: Menstruation begins.
2. Days 6-9: The vagina is dry and practically free of mucus.
3. Days 10-12: sticky, thick mucus, which gradually becomes less dense and whiter.
4. Days 13-15: The mucus becomes thin, slippery, elastic and transparent, similar in consistency to egg white. This is the most suitable stage for conception.
5. Days 16-21: Mucus becomes sticky and thick again.
6. Days 22-28: The vagina becomes dry.

Ovulation with an irregular cycle will differ from these indicators. Both methods must be used:

1. Basal body temperature measurements.
2. Examination of cervical mucus.

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Ideally, you need to check cervical mucus every day, perhaps every time you go to the bathroom. Rub a little toilet paper or your finger over the vaginal opening, you will find cervical mucus there. Examine its color and consistency between your fingers. After this, wash your hands with soap.

Cervical position

Another way to find out where you are in your menstrual cycle is by studying the position of your cervix. When you insert 2 fingers into the vagina, you will feel the cervix. Before ovulation, it should be hard and dry.

During ovulation, you will notice that it seems to move a little higher and becomes softer and moister. Before performing this procedure, be sure to wash your hands with soap.

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Tests and instruments for prognosis

How to determine ovulation with your own hands? Home tests and devices offer a specific approach to monitoring the stages of your menstrual cycle. Some women use these methods, along with traditional ones:

1. Ovulation test kits are available at pharmacies. By testing the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) in your urine, the kits can show exactly when the surge occurs, which precedes ovulation by 12 to 36 hours. Research conducted in special laboratories, showed 90% accuracy of such tests.
2. The newest ovulation markers are digital. They are a little more expensive, but their advantage is that the display is easier to read. Instead of having to interpret the sometimes ambiguous colored lines, you get a clear symbol in the form of a smiley face. This way you can calculate everything much more accurately.
3. Saliva microscopes are another method for determining the stage of your menstrual cycle. These little microscopes (sometimes look like lipstick) are used to examine a sample of your saliva. During ovulation, the level of estrogen increases sharply, and as a result, the amount of salt in saliva increases. When viewed under a microscope, the salt forms a pattern similar to the leaves of a fern. Manufacturers claim that by using microscopes to study your saliva, you can predict ovulation 24-72 hours in advance. Unlike many other ovulation tests, they do not require additional expensive consumables. However, studies have shown that they are not highly accurate. Their results are difficult to interpret, and each person's saliva is different.
4. Fertility monitoring. While most ovulation tests can predict its onset only 2 days in advance, these devices can predict its occurrence 7 days in advance. They work differently. Some measure LH levels and some measure estrogen in urine. This type of device requires test strips.

While these tests and devices will help you determine your ovulation day, keep in mind that they are not perfect. If you have been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome or you regularly take any medications, tests and devices will not be able to show accurate results. You should consult your doctor before using any test.

We hasten to please all the ladies: ovulation also happens during an irregular cycle, which means that everyone has the opportunity to become a mother. But to do this, you need to either calculate when ovulation occurs, or normalize the cycle. Both options are about equally difficult. And further. If you have an irregular cycle, you cannot use the calendar method. It's simply impossible.

In men, this is the only hormonal regime necessary to support the right level androgens. But the girls have changed to hormonal level occur constantly: changes happen several times a month. That is why the duration or frequency of the cycle can change and this is encountered even completely healthy girls. And in general, for some, the cycle stabilizes only at the age of 24-25, and before that it lives its own life. This is why many girls wonder how to determine when ovulation occurs in an irregular cycle. But first, it’s worth understanding the reasons for your irregular cycle.

External reasons

This includes neuroses, severe stress, climate change when moving or on vacation, intellectual, psychological or physical overstrain, diets and fasting, stabilization of sexual life or abrupt cessation, chronic fatigue, passion for alcohol, drugs and nicotine, as well as coffee. The violations can be explained by the fact that before ovulation the hormone estrogen is responsible for everything, and after that it is progesterone. The second phase, work time, is constant and lasts from 11 to 16 days. The first, controlled by estrogen, can last as long as desired and is generally individual. It is during this period that all conditions for conception are created. But if there is constant stress in your life, alcohol abuse, hunger strikes, or your health leaves much to be desired, the body needs much more time to create the conditions for conception. And if the unfavorable period drags on, ovulation may stop coming altogether. But let's get back to the reasons.

One more external cause you can call it...a vacation beyond the seven seas. No matter how strange it may sound. Firstly, even positive emotions The woman’s body perceives it as stress. Secondly, this is a change in climate, which hormonal system may also react violently. If you like active recreation, with hikes and excursions, then this may also be one of the reasons why the cycle has gone astray, especially if in ordinary life you prefer to relax in front of the TV and work at the computer. Well, the flight itself also affects hormonal background. So, do not be alarmed if, after a long-awaited vacation, your critical days did not come on time, or they came unplanned in the midst of your vacation.

Internal problems

They are more difficult to deal with. First of all, these are diseases. For example, illnesses themselves genitourinary system. This includes endometriosis, inflammatory processes in the appendages, cysts, and tumors. Problems with the pituitary gland may also be to blame. Sometimes cycle disorders are provoked by inflammatory, somatic or infectious diseases that have nothing to do with the sexual sphere. The body is still weakened, which means it cannot properly prepare for pregnancy.

Irregular cycle due to medications

First of all, hormonal, and we are talking not only about contraceptives, but also about other means. All of them can make menstruation scanty and short-lived, and if the means are chosen incorrectly, they affect both the duration of the cycle and the characteristics of its course. It is especially famous for its ability to disrupt the postinor cycle. Today, by the way, there are less “thermonuclear” means for emergency contraception, but they are also not a gift. Antidepressants can also delay ovulation. Blood thinners and anticoagulants may also affect blood flow. critical days.

Antiulcer drugs also delay the onset of menstrual periods. They may well delay your period. Another provocateur is blood-stopping drugs.

• The culprit may also be intrauterine device. Some of them release a certain amount of hormones, others cause miscarriage at the end of the cycle.
• Abortions (both spontaneous and induced) and breastfeeding can also affect the cycle.

It’s important to know: if ovulation happens earlier or later once or twice a year, it’s not a big deal. It is worth sounding the alarm if this continues for six months or more.

How to determine when ovulation occurs with an irregular cycle

Unfortunately, calendar methods are not helpful in finding day X if the cycle is irregular. But you still shouldn’t despair, because there are other ways to find it. True, some can be combined.

Ovulation tests

As we found out earlier, female body obeys hormones. When the egg matures, the main thing becomes LH. It is present in urine, saliva, and blood, so it can be determined using a test. Diagnosis using tests is based on determining PH. By the way, ovulation tests are different:

1. Strip (strip test)
2. Tablet
3. Jet
4. Portable reusable
5. Digital (determine the release of an egg from saliva).

Just like with pregnancy tests, sometimes two lines are all it takes to figure things out. More high-tech tests work differently.

There is one more key moment. The test result does not indicate the actual release of the egg, but simply records the most active surge of the ovulation hormone. Extremely high level This hormone lasts less than 24 hours, so it is better to test twice a day. To more accurately capture the moment of X.

If you have an irregular cycle, you need to take your shortest cycle over the last seven months as the unit of measurement (keep track!). Tests should be carried out at the following time intervals:

1. If the cycle is 32 days, we test 5-7 days from the 15th day after the start of the critical days;
2. If the cycle is 26 days - the same five days in a row but from the seventh day after the onset of menarche;
3. With a 24-day cycle - from the ninth day.

The disadvantages of the tests are their high price and imperfect accuracy: it is very difficult to determine when a cell has come out for sure. In addition, some illnesses can cause an increase in the level of luteinizing hormones. This is PCOS and many endocrine disorders. The same problems arise when carrying out laboratory analysis for hormones.

It is important to know! If you use this test, do not drink too much liquid. This way you can change the proportion of LH in the urine.

Temperature method

This method is sometimes called ideal. The only difficulty is that you will have to measure it every morning for at least three months in a row. (For those who have never done it: the procedure is carried out immediately upon waking up, before getting out of bed and going to the toilet. The thermometer can be inserted into the rectal opening, or into the vagina). Keep track of all jumps in numbers (even by a third of a degree) and write everything down. Even a slight rise in temperature can mean the release of an egg. But in general, basal temperature indicators are usually as follows:

1. After the start of the critical days and until the release of the egg, the temperature ranges from the usual 36.6 to 36.8-9;
2. A couple of days before leaving, the temperature drops by 0.2-0.3 degrees, after which it immediately jumps (37.2). This is ovulation;
3. The rest of the time we live with a temperature of 37 degrees, before menstruation it drops by about a third of a degree. There may be other numbers, but ups and downs mean hormonal changes.

Examination by a gynecologist

An ideal option, because it will definitely “feel” for ovulation. Just don’t go to him every day.

Ultrasound

It couldn't be more reliable. In addition, the method is quite harmless. First visit to the office ultrasound examinations should be scheduled for 7-8 days after the arrival of the critical days. The next one is the twelfth day, when healthy women ovulation is expected. The following studies are at your request and the recommendation of a gynecologist. If the follicle size is between 18 and 21 mm, ovulation is just around the corner. And if it bursts, perhaps you will become a mother soon.

Subjective well-being

Usually during the period of ovulation, events and changes occur that many girls notice very well. Firstly, pain in the abdomen (usually in the ovary or uterus) is often observed at this time. They are shooting, tingling, pulling or premenstrual-like.

The second point that cannot be ignored is the thickness of the cervical fluid. It becomes similar in consistency to egg white and there is more of it than usual. You can check it by placing your finger on the cervix. By the way, during ovulation the cervix opens wider and becomes softer. If you examine the cervix with your finger, you will notice that the temperature in the vagina is high during the period of cell release.

What else can you notice during this period? Girls who do gymnastics or dance notice that during ovulation they have more energy and their workouts are productive, and their bodies become more flexible.

At this time, productivity also increases. There is also a desire to communicate more actively with the opposite sex, go to parties or something similar. Finally, sexual arousal may increase. If all this is confirmed by BT studies, tests or a gynecologist, you can safely state ovulation.

Treatment

It is more necessary than calculating ovulation in case of an irregular cycle, because if the cycle is normalized, then it will be easier to protect yourself according to calendar method, and get pregnant. In order to normalize the cycle, you need to find out the reason why it became irregular. Negative factors like stress or alcohol can be eliminated, but diseases need to be cured. To solve problems with the cycle, use the following types drugs:

1. Hormones. And again, this is not only OK. They correct the work endocrine system, which means they bring the hormonal levels in order. If ovulation did not occur due to inflammatory diseases, then after its invocation and arrival, menstruation is scheduled oral contraceptives. Their task in this case is to normalize the cycle;
2. Antibiotics. They are needed if the cycle has “gotten bad” due to an inflammatory or infectious disease. For example, during inflammation of the ovarian appendages. For this you need to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;
3. Antispasmodics with analgesics can also be prescribed to relieve pain during menstruation, drugs to stop bleeding (Vicasol or Ditsion), restoratives and vitamin complexes with minerals (if there was a lot of stress and the body was weakened). For women's health Folic acid is most needed, as well as iodine.
4. Surgical treatment may be prescribed for polycystic disease or tumors (both malignant and benign);
5. If the cycle goes wrong after childbirth or after installing/removing the IUD, there is no need for treatment: everything will return to normal on its own.

Traditional methods of treatment

Not the best option, but as a maintenance therapy or in addition to the main therapy it will do. It is important to remember that herbs are the same medicines and taking them at random is not necessary and is generally dangerous. It is better to ask a gynecologist and only after that start drinking any herbs.

To normalize the cycle you will need the following tools:

1. Infusion of parsley seeds. We grind 10 g of seeds (you can use a coffee grinder) and pour half a liter of water (room temperature). We insist for a third of the day. We drink, without removing the seeds, half a glass four times a day;
2. Pour wormwood (15-20 g) into 375 ml of boiling water and leave for at least 1/6 day. We filter. Drink the product three or four times a day, a quarter glass;
3. Cornflower flowers (a tablespoon) are poured into 250 ml. boiling water. Let it sit for 60 minutes and drink it three times a day for 21 days in a row. Dosage – one third of a glass.

Ovulation in an irregular cycle can be calculated, although sometimes difficult. But it will be much more effective and appropriate to eliminate the reasons why the cycle has become irregular.