How many dog ​​breeds are there in the world? How many dog ​​breeds exist in the world: their list and classification How many dog ​​breeds exist in the world.

Since ancient times, a faithful and devoted animal, the dog, has lived next to man. This coexistence dates back at least ten thousand years - approximately the same age as the oldest remains of a dog found by archaeologists. Moreover, it should be noted that even then at least two varieties of these creatures lived next to people.

It is impossible to say exactly how many dog ​​breeds exist in the world today. The International Canine Association now officially recognizes about four hundred breeds, and their number is constantly increasing. Appearance and the size of the dogs different breeds vary enormously. The most big dogs- And . The wolfhound reaches a height at the withers of about 80 cm and a weight of more than 100 kg, and the smallest - the Chihuahua - weighs 200-300 g and has only 13 cm at the withers! Some representatives of the canine world are very rare and expensive.

All dog breeds are divided into groups according to their use. Among dog handlers there is a division into two main groups: working and decorative. At the same time, different representatives of the same breed can be used for both working and decorative (exhibition) purposes. Narrower specializations of dogs gave the basis for distribution into the following groups:

– herding dogs

– hunting (for large and small animals)

– guard and service

- gun

- English gunsmiths

– greyhounds

– terriers

– indoor decorative.

These breed groups are accepted in Russia and are used by the International Cynological Association. However, in other countries the list of breed groups may differ from the generally accepted one - for example, cynologists in America, Australia and the Scandinavian countries adhere to own principles classifications.

If earlier breed properties were determined mainly based on the animal’s exterior, its working or exhibition qualities, today dog ​​handlers have such powerful tool, How genetic analysis. DNA various breeds or different representatives of one breed are carefully studied, compared, and on the basis of this analysis, further preservation and development of breed qualities, selection and crossing of different genetic lines are planned and carried out. A representative of the crossbreeding is the rare Chinook breed.

This allows you to obtain offspring with previously known properties, preserve and develop the necessary qualities, get rid of defects in appearance and character purebred dogs. In addition, the creation of new breeds based on a thorough study of DNA and selection of the required qualities is happening much faster and more efficiently these days than before.

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Any modern man can name at least a few dog breeds, but how many are there in the world? We bet there are some that you have never even heard of?

Number of dog breeds

The world is huge, and in almost every corner of it, the dog has been man's friend for thousands of years. Another thing is that during this time dogs from different parts of the globe have traveled very different paths - after all, even the wolves from which dogs originated are different. In addition, throughout all the thousands of years of friendship between man and dog, the first constantly tried to develop in the second exactly those qualities that he needed here and now, but people have different needs - some need to hunt, some need to ride, and for some and for beauty. Thanks to this, over thousands of years arose great amount breeds It is impossible to accurately count their number, because, in fact, each mongrel can, in some sense, represent a new, separate breed dogs. The International Canine Association recognizes about four hundred different breeds of dogs, but the number of breeds continues to grow, since in our time new breeds are regularly developed - by selecting puppies with certain pronounced qualities or by crossing two, three or more breeds.

There is probably hardly a single person in the world who can name all existing breeds without a “cheat sheet” and tell at least a little about each of them. MirSovetov invites you to get acquainted with the rarest representatives of man's best friends.

Thai Ridgeback. National ancient hunting breed Thailand, which is a real treasure of the nation. Archaeologists claim that already 2000-3000 years ago there were dogs similar to modern Thai Ridgebacks. The first written mention of this breed occurs in 1611-1628. The peculiarity of this breed is the ridge on the back, that is, the area on the back where the hair grows “against the hair” - in the opposite direction.

Today the Thai Ridgeback is used as a companion, protector and hunter. Enough unpretentious breed, possessing excellent health, stable psyche, unpretentiousness, independence and even independence from the owner. There is a belief that these dogs are capable of not only feeding themselves, but also providing food for their owner. Height 56-66 cm, weight 23-32 kg. Color: red, black, blue (gray), fawn (isabella), brindle (the rarest).

Tibetan mastiff(Tibetan dog, do hi, do khyi). One of the most ancient breeds of dogs was bred in Tibetan monasteries for protection, perhaps that is why the origin of this breed is shrouded in secrets and myths. It is believed that this particular breed is the progenitor of all mastiffs and mountain dogs existing today. Despite its impressive, menacing appearance, it is very calm and friendly dog. The Tibetan Mastiff has excellent health, so average duration life is about 20 years.

The Tibetan Mastiff is a true pet who loves his owner and his family, so he is ready to give his life for her. There are legends about the devotion and loyalty of these dogs - there is a belief that Tibetan mastiff, which protects its owner, can enter into a fight with a lion or bear. Height is from 72 to 78 cm, weight – up to 85 kg. Color: black and tan or pure black, golden, brown-brown, and also gray in different shades.

Dosa Inu(Korean Mastiff). This breed was bred in South Korea just 150 years ago. Currently, this is the most popular dog breed in its homeland, but outside its borders these skinned dogs are practically unknown.

Dosa Inu is a universal breed: it is not only an excellent watchman and security guard, but also a nanny dog ​​and a devoted friend for children. Height at least 75 cm, weight 80-85 kg. Color: deep dark red.

Levchen(lowchen, lion dog, levhun, lion bichon). Antique French breed indoor and decorative dogs, which was found already in the 16th century. Back then, these furry babies were the favorites of the court ladies. Often these dogs were depicted by artists on their canvases. In the early 1960s, the Löwchen was the rarest dog breed in the world (for which it was included in the Guinness Book of Records). Today this breed is no longer so rare, however, the number of livestock has not yet increased to the point where there is no need to worry about this breed. The name of the breed was given because of the peculiar haircut of these dogs, thanks to which they look like lions - with a large mane and a tassel on the tail.

Levchen is a wonderful companion and tireless companion. These dogs are capable of sitting in your arms for hours and frolicking in the garden from morning to evening. Height from 25 to 33 cm, weight from 3.5 to 8.5 kg. Color: any.

Pharaoh's Hound. One of the most ancient Egyptian dog breeds, which has a 5000-year history, although the standard was approved only in 1975. The Pharaoh Hound has a very noble and majestic appearance.

Pharaoh Hound great companion. In its homeland it is used as a sighted hunter. Height 53-64 cm, weight 20-25 kg. The color is bright red or nut.

Double-nosed Andean tiger hound. Probably this breed of dog from Bolivia is the most unique in the world, because only these animals have two... noses! Despite the fact that the International Canine Organization has not identified this type of dog as a separate breed, there are already many fans of these animals all over the world. The first specimen was discovered in the village of Ohaki in the Andes in 2005. The origin of dogs is unknown, but a persistent mutation, as many skeptics call “double-nosedness,” can be traced in all generations.

Double-nosed dogs are wayward, aggressive, and sometimes simply wild, so they are practically not suitable for apartment living. But the dogs simply have a unique sense of smell - perhaps, if you seriously start breeding this breed, these dogs will be able to search for drugs. Height – about 50 cm. Color: any.

Chongqing. Today it is the rarest Chinese breed dogs. It is believed that the breed existed more than 200 BC. Historians claim that these unusual dogs were faithful companions rich and noble people who had great weight in society. But then, for unknown reasons, almost the entire Chongqing clan was destroyed. Now enthusiasts are engaged in restoring the breed, so for a long time The export of dogs outside the country was prohibited and punished to the fullest extent of the law. By the way, these dogs are long-lived, as they live on average 20 years!

Chongqing is a wonderful companion with a charming appearance, and he is also a good watchman and hunter (of small game). Height 35-50 cm, weight 15-25 kg. Color: brown, mahogany.

Chinook. The American breed of service dogs was developed relatively recently - at the beginning of the 20th century. Breeder Arthur Walden dreamed of breeding a completely new sled breed dogs that could not only pull a sleigh, but also protect its owner (as you know, sled dogs have practically no guarding instinct and are distrustful of strangers). Currently, the breed is practically unknown outside the United States.

This breed of dog is very hardworking - it is not suitable for “sofa” keeping, since the Chinook needs daily physical activity. The height of dogs is from 53 to 66 cm, weight is 29-40 kg. Color: golden.

Cau Fila De San Miguel(Azorean Cattle Dog). A Portuguese dog breed that is very rare even in its homeland - and this despite the fact that dogs similar to the round-eared cau were found on the islands of the Azores archipelago back in the 15th century. This breed of herding dog could have disappeared altogether if Portuguese cynologists had not seriously taken up its revival in 1981. A distinctive feature of this breed is its round ears, like those of a bear cub; they can be cropped, giving the required form, shortly after the birth of the puppies.

Cau Fila De San Miguel is beautiful shepherd dog, which has also established itself as an excellent guardian of the owner’s property. The height of dogs is from 48 to 60 cm, weight – 20-35 kg. Color: brindle, fawn, fawn, gray.

American hairless(hairless) terrier. Fans of this breed claim that today there are only seventy representatives in the world. This is a fairly young breed - the first puppy was born in 1972 in the USA (Louisiana) in a litter of ordinary rat terriers. The owners of the litter - Willie and Edwin Scott - decided to breed a new breed and over time they succeeded. What is noteworthy is that the American Hairless Terrier is simply amazing phenomenon in nature. Of course, there are other hairless dog breeds in the world, but new breed The hairless gene is autosomal recessive. That is, to get hairless puppies, there is no need for “transitional” individuals that have hair. In addition, all puppies are born with full teeth (unlike other hairless dogs that lack permolars).

This breed is an excellent companion for both adults and children. The height of the hairless terrier can vary from 23 to 36 cm. The weight ranges from 3 to 6.5 kg. Color: pinkish-beige with gray, black or golden-red spots. Hairless terriers need special care: they should not freeze, and direct sun can cause burns on their skin.

Animal world. Volume 6 [Stories about pets] Akimushkin Igor Ivanovich

Second interlude: how many dogs are there in the world!

Before the war, according to statistics from 1935, there were 70 million dogs in the world (the figure is very, very approximate: try to count all the dogs in at least one country!). Of these, in the USA - 6 million, in England - 3 million, in Germany - 2.5 and in France - 2 million.

After the war, the dog boom began. Over the past decades, the number of dogs has increased tenfold! In the USA alone there are now 61 times more of them - 248 million! In terms of the number of dogs and their “demographic” density, the United States ranks first. If we take into account that the population of this country has reached 213 million 611 thousand people today (in 1975), it turns out that there are 1.16 dogs per American, for every square kilometer territory of the country - 26.3 dogs!

$17 billion is spent annually on dog care and nutrition in the United States! Some families spend up to $120 monthly on maintaining one dog, while only $76 per child.

The services provided to dogs reach the point of absurdity: in the state of Illinois, for example, a hotel was opened for them, the construction of which cost a million dollars. Here, for eight dollars a day, the dog receives a separate room and three meals a day - fried meat, ham, omelet. For $150, you can send your dog to a mountain camp to rest for a month. “She can tell you whether she likes it there.” loving owners joyful yapping in a “sound letter.” And so on and so forth…

...Millions and millions of dogs! They guard houses, herd herds, guide hunters to game, languish with boredom in the concrete jungles of overpopulated cities, guard reindeer and carry heavy sledges in the snows of the Arctic... In a word, dogs live everywhere in the world, and their number is incomprehensible. How to count them?

It is estimated that there are more than half a billion dogs on the globe.

An unexpected problem arose: dogs, like pigeons, became the main polluters of city streets, boulevards and parks. This issue arose especially acutely for the municipal authorities of Paris. France has more dogs than any other country in the world (except the USA). There are about 800 thousand of them in Paris alone. Every year the number of dogs in the cities of France multiplies at a dizzying rate. In this country, as reported by the American magazine Parade, a bill has been passed to impose a special tax on dog owners “to cover the growing costs of cleaning up urban areas polluted by dogs.”