What is VSD in medicine? Symptoms and treatment. The essence of the abbreviation VSD

Attitude to VVD as a disease on this moment revised, and VVD interpretation ─ vegetovascular dystonia. Pathology is regarded as a syndrome, in other words, a whole symptom complex of dysfunctions with persistence of manifestations in concomitant pathologies. The diagnosis, with the name "vegetovascular dystonia" is often made as concomitant with other diseases.

Who diagnoses vegetovascular dystonia? Treated by different specialists individually.

What is a VSD diagnosis? The underlying causes in patients with this syndrome have not been fully established. It is generally accepted that this is due to microcirculatory dysfunction of the cerebral vessels. Presumably, the cardiovascular system cannot cope with stress factors, resulting in a failure in the part of the nervous system that functions vegetatively. The result of this is different pathology that infects the body.

lead to pathology:

• dysfunction of the hormonal status;
• diseases of an infectious nature;
• physical fatigue;
• harmful chemical, physical factors;
• excessive alcohol consumption, smoking;
• immobility;
• burdened heredity.

What does vegetovascular dystonia mean? The presence of a VVD diagnosis means that the coordinated interaction between the departments of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is impaired. When the sympathetic NS dominates, it follows the hypertonic type. If the parasympathetic NS becomes predominant, then the dystonia syndrome will be hypotonic. Sometimes there is a change in the role of the dominance of these departments among themselves, in which case the dystonia proceeds in a mixed manner. That's what it means to have a diagnosis of VSD.

Why do we need a vegetative system

Vegetative NS controls and regulates all organs inside the human body, maintaining its homeostatic state. The system is autonomous, which means it does not obey consciousness, will. Without this system, it is impossible for the body to regulate all life processes person.

The sympathetic division of this system is carried out:

• pupillary dilatation;
• increased metabolism;
• increase in blood pressure type;
• decreased smooth muscle tone;
• increase in the frequency response of cardiac contractility;
• tachypnea.

The parasympathetic division is characterized by effects opposite to the sympathetic:

• the pupil is constricted;
• blood pressure is reduced;
• smooth muscle tone is increased;
• the frequency parameter of heart contractions is reduced;
• bradypnea;
• secretory activity of digestion is increased.

In the normal state, the activity of these departments of the autonomic system occurs in harmony, their reaction to internal and external factors are adequate. When the balance between them is disturbed, then vegetovascular dystonia occurs.

How is it going

AT mild stage neurasthenic symptoms are mild. A painful condition that occurs in the heart zone occurs with severe physical and emotional overload with a moderate character. The frequency is different, the restless state happens either 1 time per month, or 1 time for 6 months, or once a year.

With moderate severity of the course, acute periods are long. Cardialgia is pronounced with a long clinical course. During the year, the ability to work noticeably decreases on average up to 2 times, its temporary loss is possible.

The severe stage of the course of the pathology is characterized by duration, the symptoms are persistent, pronounced. The state of cardialgia is constant, heartbeat dysfunctional. The patient is terrified of death due to the cessation of cardiac activity, which leads to mental abnormalities. The crisis course is severe, frequent. Hypotonic syndrome is characterized by a stable decrease in blood pressure with respiratory dysfunction. The hypertensive type is manifested by hypertension, the patient is physically temporarily disabled. But this form will not lead to death. Here is such a diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

How does it manifest

A characteristic feature of dystonic syndromes are pain in the thoracic and cardiac regions. Pain intensity is fuzzy, similar to an uncomfortable state. Symptoms are observed with physical, emotional exhaustion. The patient complains of instability of the heart rhythm, which is rapid or rare. The pain is aching, stabbing or pulsating in nature, nitroglycerin relief does not eliminate it.

Blood pressure is also unstable. Depending on the type of dystonia, it can rise or fall more than once in a day, sometimes the pressure is kept within the normal range. In this case, the patient is irritated by light and sound effects, he is worried about pain in the head, dizziness.

Diagnosis of VVD ─ what is it in an adult? Often the syndrome occurs along with a dysfunctional reproductive system. Women don't feel orgasm, men do weak erection. Libido will either stay the same or go down.

Pulmonary hyperventilation syndrome is characterized by frequent respiratory act, it seems to the patient that he does not have enough oxygen, breathing is incomplete with difficulty inhaling. This leads to the loss of carbon dioxide by the blood, while the respiratory center is depressed due to alkalization of the blood. The result of this is muscle spasm, impaired sensitivity of the mouth, hands, feet, with dizziness.

Sweating is disturbed in the form of hyperhidrosis, often palmar and plantar surfaces.

When the patient urinates, he experiences pain, but no pathology of the kidneys is observed, urine without visible changes.

Thermoregulatory dysfunction consists in persistent slight hyperthermia, chills. This condition is tolerated normally, sometimes observed in the first half of the day, asymmetric hyperthermia in the axillary region is possible. Often seen in children.

Diagnostic features

Vegetovascular syndrome is characterized by difficult diagnosis. Patients present multiple complaints, but the doctor does not reveal any specific pathology during the examination.

Diagnosis of VVD in adults and children allows the doctor to determine:

• NS functionality;
• functioning of the vascular system;
• root causes of vegetative-vascular disorders.

As soon as the diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia is made, the doctor prescribes individual course treatment.

To assess the state of the National Assembly, neurologists use testing, methodological programs to detect autonomic tone, reactive with a functional feature.

The tonic vegetative parameter shows the assessment of the vegetative system in calm state. Defined by methods with:

• Kérdö index, which determines how the autonomic system affects cardiac activity. To calculate it, you need 100 * (1 - diastolic blood pressure / pulse rate). With a positive indicator, sympathetic activity on cardiac performance is manifested. When the parameter is negative, parasympathetic activity predominates. If the result is zero, then this indicates a normal tone;
• compiled questions to determine the pathology for the diagnosis of existing vegetovascular dystonia. In fact, the patient needs to answer a series of simple questions compiled in tabular form. The answers are evaluated according to the system, where the highest score is 10. Then the scores are added up, summed up to a certain parameter. When certain norms are exceeded in total, this may mean that a person has a manifestation of the diagnosis of VVD, that this should be treated.

With the help of the reactivity of the vegetative system, the reaction to annoying factors this system. To explore such a parameter, you need to run:

• heat and cold test. For this, the patient, who is in the supine position, is measured by the arterial type of pressure and the frequency response of the heart contractility. Then the upper limbs of the patient must be dipped in warm and cold water for a short time period and the above parameters recorded again. Data are compared, appropriate conclusions are made;
• measurement of cardiac, eye reflexes. The patient is in a relaxed position for a quarter of an hour. Then the frequency indicator of cardiac contractility is considered by the doctor. Then the patient is given a slight finger pressure on the area covered by the eyes to a slight soreness. Further, the frequency coefficient of contraction of the heart is again calculated, the data are compared, and their analysis is performed. This is how VSD diagnostics is performed.

Answering the question: VVD - what kind of diagnosis is this, a person must understand the state that is happening to him. When he has a strong redness or pallor, a feeling of dizziness of the head, eye blackout, pronounced after a sharp movement, lifting, paroxysmal pain in the head, high sweating, rapid or slow heart sounds with its interruptions in work, a feeling of difficult breathing, cold extremities , their numbness, high fatigue, decreased work activity, lethargic and broken state ─ then all this indicates vegetovascular dystonia, and a person will need a comprehensive diagnosis of VVD.

For this, a diagnostic electrocardiographic research method with daily recording of the cardiogram is used.

It will not be superfluous to use a rheovasographic method that determines the graphic recording of pulse fluctuations in the vascular filling of various organs and tissues with blood.

Gastroscopic examination allows you to determine the gastric mucosa using a tubal apparatus with optics and lighting.

Thanks to the electroencephalographic examination, the bioelectric impulse activity of the brain is recorded.

Computed tomography type of study allows, thanks to X-ray radiation, to obtain a layered picture of different parts of the body. The method is much more accurate than conventional X-ray due to the low radiation load, the smallest variability of radiation absorption is recorded.

Nuclear magnetic resonance examination will allow you to see the layered structure of the picture of any organ in different projections, to perform a three-dimensional view of the necessary part of the body. This is the most modern method, in which the development of many impulse series of images of the studied structural elements, allowing to determine the best contrast between physiological and altered tissues.

How to diagnose differentially

With data diagnostic activities Pathologies similar to vegetodistonic symptoms are excluded:

• Cardiac complaints that are accompanied by cardiac abnormalities, for example, murmur during systole, rheumatic manifestations with specific signs should be excluded. It also takes into account the frequent compatibility with connective tissue dysplasia disorders, the clinic of which in total is similar to rheumatic heart pathology, congenital heart defects, non-rheumatic carditis.
• If a hypertensive state is observed, studies should be performed in order to rule out primary symptomatic hypertension.
• Respiratory dysfunction that occurs in children with vegetovascular dystonia is differentiated from bronchoasthmatic manifestations.
• Feverish conditions are diagnosed with acute infectious pathology, sepsis, endocarditis infectious nature, oncology.
• When psycho-vegetative symptoms are strongly expressed, they are differentiated with mental disorders.

What threatens

Vegetovascular dystonia in normal cases will not cause serious complicated conditions, it does not pose a threat to life. But the symptoms that appear interfere with a normal life, cause a feeling of anxiety with fatigue.

Pathology causes chronic pain, changes in blood pressure, dependence on weather conditions, operation failure intestinal tract and various bodies the human body, feeling oxygen hunger. Due to vegetative dystonic conditions, any chronic pathology is aggravated.

Ischemic, hypertensive, heart attack and stroke diseases will bring neglected untreated vegetovascular dystonia.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia: types, causes, symptoms, treatment in adults and children

Perhaps there is no person among us who has never heard of vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD). This is no coincidence, because according to statistics it affects up to 80% of the adult population of the planet and about 25% of children. Due to greater emotionality, women suffer from autonomic dysfunction three times more often than men.

Pathology is usually detected in childhood or young age, the peak of symptoms occurs in 20-40 years- the most able-bodied and active period, while the usual rhythm of life is disturbed, professional activity becomes more difficult, intra-family relationships suffer.

What is it: a disease or features of the functioning of the nervous system? The question of the essence of autonomic dysfunction for a long time remained controversial, experts first defined it as a disease, but as patients were monitored, it became clear that VVD is a functional disorder, primarily affecting the psyche and autonomics.

At the same time, functional disorders and subjective painful sensations not only force you to change your lifestyle, but also require timely and qualified assistance, because over time they can develop into more - coronary heart disease, hypertension, ulcers or diabetes.

Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia

The autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, regulates the function of internal organs, maintaining constancy internal environment, body temperature, pressure, pulse, digestion, etc. The correct reaction of the body to external stimuli, its adaptation to constantly changing environmental conditions, stress and overload depends on the coordinated work of these departments.

The autonomic nervous system works independently, autonomously, does not obey our desire and consciousness.Sympathy determines such changes as an increase in pressure and pulse, pupil dilation, acceleration of metabolic processes, and parasympathetic responsible for hypotension, bradycardia, increased secretion of digestive juices and smooth muscle tone. Almost always, these parts of the autonomic nervous system have the opposite, antagonistic effect, and in different life circumstances dominated by one of them.

With a disorder of the autonomic function, a variety of symptoms appear that do not fit into the picture of any of the known diseases of the heart, stomach or lungs. With VVD, they usually do not find organic damage to other organs, and the patient's attempts to find a terrible disease in himself are futile and do not bring the expected results.

VSD is closely related to the emotional sphere and mental characteristics, therefore usually proceeds with the most different manifestations psychological nature. It is very difficult to convince a patient that he has no pathology of internal organs, but indeed effective help a psychotherapist can provide.

Causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia very different and, sometimes, lie in early childhood or even the period of intrauterine development. Among them greatest value have:

• Intrauterine, abnormal births, childhood infections;
• Stress, neurosis, severe physical overload;
• Traumatic brain injuries and neuroinfections;
• Hormonal changes during pregnancy, in adolescence;
• Heredity and features of the constitution;
• The presence of chronic pathology of internal organs.

Pathological course of pregnancy and childbirth, infections in the early childhood contribute to the manifestation of signs of vegetative-vascular dystonia in children. Such babies are prone to whims, restless, often spit up, suffer from diarrhea or constipation, and are prone to frequent colds.

In adults, among the causes of vegetative-vascular dystonia, stress, strong emotional experiences, and physical overload come to the fore. Morbidity in childhood, mild physical health and chronic pathology can also become a background for VVD in the future.

In adolescents, vegetative-vascular dystonia is associated with rapid growth, when the vegetative system simply “does not keep up” with physical development, the young body cannot properly adapt to the increased demands on it, symptoms of adaptation disorders appear, both psychological in the team and family, and physical - with palpitations, shortness of breath, etc.

An important role belongs to heredity. It is no secret that a person inherits personality traits, type of response in stressful situations, character and constitution from their parents. If there are people in the family who suffer from autonomic dysfunction, diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer associated with it, then the probability of pathology in the offspring is high.

Symptoms of VVD

Symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia are extremely diverse and affect the functioning of many organs and systems. For this reason, patients in search of a diagnosis undergo all kinds of studies and visit all specialists known to them. Usually, by the time the diagnosis is established, especially active patients have an impressive list of diagnostic procedures and are often sure of the presence of a serious pathology, because the symptoms can be so pronounced that there is no doubt that there is more terrible diagnoses than VSD.

Depending on the predominance of one or another manifestation, there are types of vegetative-vascular dystonia:

1. Sympathicotonic;
2. Parasympathicotonic;
3. Mixed type of VSD.

The severity of symptoms determines the mild, moderate or severe course of the pathology, and the prevalence of VVD phenomena makes it possible to distinguish generalized forms and local ones, when many systems or one of them suffer. Along the course of the IRR can be latent, paroxysmal or constant.

The main signs of VSD are:

• Pain in the heart (cardialgia);
• arrhythmias;
• respiratory disorders;
• Vegetative disorders;
• Fluctuations in vascular tone;
• neurotic states.

Cardiac syndrome with VVD, occurring in 9 out of 10 patients, consists in feeling or sinking of the heart, chest pain, rhythm interruptions. Patients do not adapt well to physical activity, quickly get tired. Cardialgia can be burning, long-term or short-term. appears or , . Careful examination of the heart usually does not show any structural or organic changes.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia, proceeding according to the hypertensive type, is manifested by an increase, which, however, does not exceed the borderline figures, fluctuating between 130-140 / 85-90 mm Hg. Art. True hypertensive crises are rare. Against the background of pressure fluctuations, headaches, weakness, palpitations are possible.

Vegetative-vascular dystonia by hypotonic type associated with increased tone of the parasympathetic nervous system. Such patients are prone to apathy, drowsiness, experience weakness and fatigue, fainting, asthenics and thin subjects predominate among them, they are pale and often cold. Their systolic blood pressure is usually at the level of 100 mm Hg. Art.

Body temperature rises for no reason and also spontaneously decreases. Characterized by sweating, "tides" in the form of redness of the face, trembling, chilliness or a feeling of heat. Patients with VSD are meteorologically sensitive, poorly adapted to physical exertion and stress.

The psycho-emotional sphere deserves special attention, which always suffers when various forms autonomic dysfunction. Patients are apathetic or, conversely, overly active, irritable, shy. Panic attacks, phobias, suspiciousness, depression are not uncommon. In severe cases, suicidal tendencies are possible, there is almost always hypochondria with excessive attention to any, even the most insignificant, symptom.

VVD is more often diagnosed in women who are more emotional, more likely to worry about various reasons, experience greater stress during pregnancy, childbirth and the subsequent upbringing of children. Symptoms may worsen in menopause when significant hormonal changes occur.

The symptoms of VVD are very different, affect many organs, each of which the patient is very acutely worried about. Along with apparent illnesses, the emotional background changes. Irritability, tearfulness, excessive passion for their complaints and the search for pathology violate social adaptation. The patient stops communicating with friends, relationships with relatives deteriorate, and the lifestyle can become closed. Many patients prefer staying at home and solitude, which not only do not improve the condition, but contribute to an even greater concentration on complaints and subjective feelings.

For the time being, for the time being, in addition to functional disorders, no other violations of the internal organs occur. But it is not for nothing that they say that all diseases are from nerves. Long-term IRR sooner or later can lead to other diseases - colitis or stomach ulcers. In such cases, in addition to correcting the emotional background, more significant treatment of the developed pathology will be required.

Diagnosis and treatment of VVD

Since there are no clear diagnostic criteria and pathognomonic symptoms of VVD, then diagnosis usually occurs on the principle of excluding another, somatic, pathology. A variety of symptoms pushes patients to visit various specialists who do not find abnormalities in the function of internal organs.

Sick with signs of VVD it is necessary to consult a neurologist, cardiologist, endocrinologist, in some cases - a psychotherapist. Doctors carefully interview the patient about the nature of complaints, the presence of cases among relatives peptic ulcer, hypertension, diabetes, neuroses. It is important to find out how the mother's pregnancy and childbirth proceeded, the patient's early childhood, because the cause of the IRR may lie in adverse effects even before birth.

Among the examinations, blood and urine tests, electroencephalography, functional tests to analyze the activity of the autonomic nervous system are usually carried out.

When the diagnosis is not in doubt, and other diseases are excluded, the doctor decides on the need for treatment. Therapy depends on the symptoms, their severity, the degree of impairment of the patient's life. Until recently, patients with VSD were managed by neurologists, but today it is considered indisputable that a psychotherapist can give the greatest amount of help, because VVD is, first of all, a problem of a psychogenic plan.

Of paramount importance in the treatment of vegetative-vascular dystonia belongs to general measures. Of course, most patients expect that they will be prescribed a pill that will immediately remove all the symptoms of the disease, but this does not happen. To successfully get rid of the pathology, the work of the patient himself, his desire and desire to normalize his well-being is needed.

General measures for the treatment of VVD include:

1. Healthy lifestyle and proper regimen.
2. Diet.
3. Adequate physical activity.
4. Exclusion of nervous and physical overloads.
5. Physiotherapy and water procedures.

A healthy lifestyle is the basis for the proper functioning of all organs and systems. With VVD, smoking, alcohol abuse should be excluded. It is necessary to normalize the mode of work and rest, with severe symptoms, a change in the type of work may be required. After a hard day's work, you need to properly relax - not lying on the couch, but rather walking on fresh air.

The diet of patients with VVD should not contain excess salt and liquid (especially in the hypertensive type), it is worth giving up strong coffee, floury, fatty and spicy foods. Hypotonic patients are shown seafood, cottage cheese, tea. Considering that most patients experience digestive difficulties, suffer from impaired stool and intestinal motility, nutrition should be balanced, light, but full-fledged - cereals, legumes, lean meat, vegetables and fruits, nuts, dairy products.

Physical activity allows you to normalize the tone of the autonomic nervous system, so regular exercise, exercise therapy, walking - good alternative home pastime sitting or lying down. All types of water procedures are very useful (baths, contrast showers, dousing cool water, swimming pool), because water not only helps to strengthen muscles, but also relieves stress.

Patients with VVD need to protect themselves as much as possible from emotional and physical overload. TV and computer are strong irritants, so it is better not to abuse them. It will be much more useful to chat with friends, go to an exhibition or to the park. If you want to go to the gym, you should exclude all types of strength exercises, weight lifting, and it is better to prefer gymnastics, yoga, swimming.

Physiotherapy procedures help to significantly improve the condition. Acupuncture, massage, magnetotherapy, electrophoresis with magnesium, papaverine, calcium (depending on the form of pathology) are shown.

Spa treatment shown to all suffering from VVD. At the same time, you should not choose a cardiological institution, an ordinary sanatorium or a trip to the sea is enough. Rest from usual affairs, a change of scenery, new acquaintances and communication allow you to abstract from the symptoms, get distracted and calm down.

Medical treatment determined by the predominant symptomatology in a particular patient. The main group of drugs for VVD are drugs with a sedative effect:

• Phytopreparations - valerian, motherwort, novo-passit, etc.;
• Antidepressants - cipralex, paroxetine, amitriptyline;
• Tranquilizers - seduxen, elenium, tazepam, grandaxin.

In some cases, they are prescribed (piracetam, omnaron), vascular preparations(cinnarizine, actovegin, cavinton), psychotropics - grandaxin, mezapam, sonapax. With hypotonic VSD type the reception of adaptogens and tonic phytochemicals - eleutherococcus, ginseng, pantocrine helps.

As a rule, treatment begins with more "soft" herbal remedies, in the absence of effect, light tranquilizers and antidepressants are added. With severe anxiety, panic attacks, neurosis-like disorders, medication correction is indispensable.

Symptomatic therapy It is aimed at eliminating symptoms from other organs, primarily the cardiovascular system.

With tachycardia and increased blood pressure, anaprilin and other drugs from the group (atenolol, egilok) are prescribed. Cardialgia is usually relieved by taking sedatives - seduxen, corvalol, valocordin.

Bradycardia less than 50 heartbeats per minute requires the use of atropine, belladonna preparations. Useful cool tonic baths and showers, exercise.

Treatment folk remedies can be quite effective given that many herbs provide a much-needed sedative effect. Apply valerian, motherwort, hawthorn, peony, mint and lemon balm. Herbs are sold in a pharmacy, they are prepared in the way described in the instructions, or simply brewed sachets in a glass of water. Phytotherapy can be successfully combined with medication.

It is worth noting that the appointment of the described "heart" remedies does not yet indicate the presence of a truly cardiac pathology, because in most cases problems with heart rhythm and pressure are functional character R. This should be known to patients who are looking in vain for signs of really dangerous diseases.

Psychotherapeutic measures deserve special attention. It so happened that a trip to a psychiatrist or psychotherapist is often regarded by both the patient and his relatives as an undoubted sign of mental illness, which is why many patients never reach this specialist. Meanwhile, it is the psychotherapist who is able to best assess the situation and conduct treatment.

Both individual and group sessions are useful using various methods of influencing the patient's psyche. With many phobias, unreasonable aggression or apathy, an obsessive desire to find a terrible disease in oneself, a psychotherapist helps to find out true reason such disorders, which may lie in childhood, family relationships long-term nervous shocks. Having understood the cause of their experiences, many patients find a way to deal with them successfully.

It is necessary to treat VVD comprehensively and with the participation of the patient himself, choosing individually schemes and names of drugs. The patient, in turn, must understand that the symptoms of trouble from the internal organs are associated with the characteristics of the psyche and lifestyle, so it is worth stopping the search for diseases and start changing your lifestyle.

The question of whether it is worth treating VVD at all, if it is not an independent disease, should not be. Firstly, this condition worsens the quality of life, reduces efficiency, exhausts the already depleted nervous system of the patient. Secondly, a long-term VSD can lead to the development of severe depression, suicidal tendencies, and asthenia. Frequent and arrhythmias will eventually cause organic changes in the heart (hypertrophy, cardiosclerosis), and then the problem becomes really serious.

With timely and correct correction of VVD symptoms, the prognosis is favorable, health improves, the usual rhythm of life, labor and social activity are restored. Patients should be under the dynamic supervision of a neurologist (psychoneurologist, psychotherapist), and treatment courses can be taken as a preventive measure, especially in the autumn-spring periods.

Video: vegetative-vascular dystonia, the Pill program

Video: vegetative-vascular dystonia in the program "Live healthy"

Video: psychotherapist about vegetative-vascular dystonia

Why the exception

For some, it is not a secret that the diagnosis of VSD is an exception. Although in the international classification of diseases there is a slightly different and more correctly formulated entry, which sounds like a somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. This concept is quite general, characterizing the entire spectrum of those deviations and disorders that occur with vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Some authors still believe that those disorders that relate to cardiovascular disorders should be called neurocirculatory dystonia. In any case, vegetative-vascular dystonia or neurocirculatory dystonia are conditions that are observed with a functional disorder of the autonomic nervous system. This means that there are no signs in the instrumental and laboratory data that are characteristic only of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

2 Features of VSD in children

The doctor makes a diagnosis of VSD when certain signs are identified in the patient. Such signs are called diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia begins with a questioning of complaints, which are then supplemented by examination and examination of the patient. Whoever it is - an adult patient or a child, only a doctor makes a diagnosis! Neurocirculatory dystonia in a child has its own characteristics.

In adults, a mixed type of neurocirculatory dystonia may occur. This type means that the patient has drops in blood pressure. Unlike adults suffering from neurocirculatory dystonia of a mixed type, a child has either an increase or decrease in blood pressure. In children, neurocirculatory dystonia is revealed according to the hypertonic, hypotonic, cardiac type.

If in adult patients various infectious, toxic, physical and other factors can play in the occurrence of symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia, then in children the situation is different. The leading cause of the development of neurocirculatory or vegetative-vascular dystonia in a child is socio-economic changes. Therefore, after listening to a lot of complaints, it is important not to miss this moment. How is the child doing at school, are there any difficulties in relations with relatives? What is the daily routine?

Perhaps constant conflicts between parents create a background that negatively affects the child's condition. Change of residence, transfer to another school - all this leaves its mark. The child is going through the period in which the formation of him as a person takes place. Therefore, adult parents should not forget about these features and help their child feel needed and safe.

By carefully diagnosing, the specialist can determine that most often the child has the following types of vegetative-vascular dystonia: cardialgic, hypertonic, hypotonic, asthenic, vegetative, respiratory, digestive disorders. In the diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia, each child has an adaptation disorder syndrome. Decreased memory and concentration, lethargy, poor health due to changing weather conditions, apathy, fatigue, poor school performance are a number of signs that can complement other symptoms in a young patient.

3 Signs of VSD in adults

After carefully listening to a number of complaints from an adult patient, it is very important for the attending physician to conduct a “check” or differential diagnosis of vegetative-vascular or neurocirculatory dystonia. This stage poses an important task for the specialist - to exclude organic pathology. And only after many examinations and consultations, the doctor makes a diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

Outwardly, patients may look excited, anxious, or vice versa, dreary, lethargic, disinterested in the environment. Hand tremors, sweaty and cold palms may be noted. Excessive sweating in the armpits. Red spots, pulsation may be observed in the face and neck carotid arteries. Breathing is shallow and frequent. On palpation of the chest and ribs, pain may be observed, this is especially true for periods of exacerbation of the VSD.

Blood pressure at the time of measurement is within normal limits, or tends to decrease when we are talking about the hypotonic type. If the hypotonic type is present, the pressure may be increased at the time it is measured. If the patient complains of pressure surges, most likely, we are talking about a mixed type of neurocirculatory dystonia. When determining the boundaries of the heart, their expansion is not noted, and this main feature vegetative-vascular dystonia of any type.

On auscultation, heart sounds can be either rhythmic or irregular due to extrasystoles. In patients with a predominance of the sympathetic nervous system, palpitations are noted, and a murmur at the apex of the heart can be heard. On palpation of the abdomen, there may be slight swelling, moderate pain in the epigastric and umbilical region, pain along the large intestine. After the examination, the patient undergoes a laboratory examination.

A blood test, as a rule, does not reveal significant abnormalities. In a biochemical study, an increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system can be detected by determining the level of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the blood serum. An electrocardiographic examination of the heart can reveal tachycardia, arrhythmia, and bradycardia. The T wave can also undergo changes, changing in polarity and amplitude.

For the differential diagnosis of vegetative-vascular dystonia from organic pathology of cardio-vascular system various stress tests can be carried out. Spirometry or a study of the function of external respiration provides data indicating insufficient fitness of patients. Only an attentive and thorough history taking, supplemented by the results of laboratory and instrumental data, helps to move towards the correct diagnosis.

4 Severity of VSD

If organic pathology is excluded, the doctor diagnoses vegetative-vascular dystonia. But it is necessary to fulfill one more condition: to determine the degree of severity. A mild course is set if the complaints are meager, the symptoms are mild, there are no crises, and the exercise tolerance is satisfactory. Such patients, as a rule, can do without taking medications.

Patients with a moderate course present a large number of complaints, the symptoms are pronounced. There are respiratory disorders, malfunctions of the cardiovascular system. The level of exercise tolerance is significantly reduced, and the course of dystonia is complicated by crises. Even with this class of severity, there may be a need for medical treatment.

Severe course is characterized by a long list of complaints. Symptoms are pronounced and quite persistent. There are respiratory, cardiovascular disorders, asthenovegetative syndrome, frequent crises. Minor physical activity leads to a deterioration in the patient's condition. Such patients require drug therapy.

5 Main criteria for VSD

Five main criteria for vegetative-vascular dystonia have been proposed. Pain in the heart, a feeling of lack of air, instability of the pulse and blood pressure to exercise, ECG changes in the T wave, lability of the T wave and ST segment in response to exercise tests, characteristic of VSD. There are additional criteria that help the specialist make the correct diagnosis.

Remember! Making a diagnosis is the job of a specialist. Your task is to apply for medical care. No matter how safe vegetative-vascular dystonia may seem, do not forget that long-term high blood pressure or spasm of blood vessels can cause the patient to develop in the future coronary disease heart or arterial hypertension.

Therefore, timely treatment and prompt treatment will help not only improve the quality of life, but also put in place preventive measures. cardiovascular diseases. Be healthy!

VVD is a symptomatic complex that combines various dysfunctions of the autonomic system and is caused by disorders in their regulation. The decoding of the IRR is as follows - this is vegetative-vascular dystonia. The concept of "dystonia" speaks of violations of the balance of tone, such parts of the nervous system as sympathetic and parasympathetic, as a source of various autonomic disorders.

The main mechanism for the manifestation of VSD symptoms is considered to be emotional stress in the form of an acute shock, a prolonged emotional experience, leading to exhaustion of the nervous system. VSD is characterized by several syndromes of the course of the disease, such as cardiological, tachycardic, bradycardic and arrhythmic.

VSD causes

There are a variety of reasons that cause various disorders S.S.S. (cardiovascular system), among which are infectious diseases, injuries, severe unrest, major operations, blood loss. In addition, physical overload, smoking, alcohol abuse, chronic infections, and other serious illnesses can contribute to the development of VVD.

Many doctors associate the development of VVD with hereditary etiology. Also, this syndrome can have a constitutional nature of development and manifest itself already in early childhood in the form of instability of vegetative parameters.

VVD refers to a certain form of neurosis, in which the regulation of vascular tone is disturbed. Thus, the main role in the formation of this disease is assigned to disorders of the entire nervous system. Insufficient provision of the vegetative nature is characteristic of VVD, which can develop with endocrine changes in the body during adolescence. Basically, vegetative disorders at this age manifest themselves in the form of minor or severe disorders of the endocrine system.

VVD, which is characterized by a hypotonic type, is diagnosed in adolescents and children. The reason for the development of the disease is acceleration, in which S.S.S. does not have time for a too rapidly growing organism to provide it with the necessary nutrition. VSD at this age can be triggered by poor heredity, wrong mode day, conflicts at home or at school, as well as past infectious diseases.

Stress is one of the fundamental causes of VSD. With constant strong mental and nervous stress with a morally unfavorable environment, disorders of the nervous system can cause the development of serious diseases.

For example, VVD with a hypertensive type of the course of the disease can provoke the development of hypertension. But with the normalization of the mode of wakefulness and sleep, sufficient rest and limited physical activity this can contribute to the disappearance of all symptoms of VVD and lead to recovery.

Many negative emotions in the form of anger, resentment, annoyance and anxiety are the cause of the development of persistent neurosis. People who are sick react quite sharply to any adverse situation. They are not able to switch, to break out of the circle of troubles, and the protracted course of such experiences in neurosis leads to a negative course of the IRR.

As a rule, hypertensive VVD develops as a result of stress associated with increased work of the sympathetic part of the nervous system. Neuroses occurring as a result of increased activity of the parasympathetic part of the nervous system contribute to the development of the hypotensive type of VSD.

The factors that influence the occurrence of VVD include alcohol and smoking. Nicotine and alcohol are poisons that affect two important human systems: the nervous system and the C.S.S. Nicotine primarily affects blood vessels targeting the autonomic nervous system. It has long been established that nicotine disrupts the blood supply to the walls of blood vessels and leads to their permeability. Due to vascular changes, smokers develop uncoordinated, abnormal vascular responses. Smoking can provoke the development of neurosis, as it reduces the endurance of the nervous system.

Alcohol is a neurotropic poison. It completely upsets the function of the nervous system, disrupts the metabolic processes in the body and the functioning of the heart, blood vessels, and is one of the main risk factors that increases the likelihood of VVD.

VSD symptoms

The most common types of diseases include cardiological and systemic neurological. But basically all these disorders are manifested in a mixed type.

Symptoms consist of blanching of the skin and tachycardia, which is accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and a decrease intestinal peristalsis, as well as the appearance of weakness in the limbs and chills, feelings of anxiety and fear, which are manifestations of vegetative neurosis.

In addition to sympathetic-tonic manifestations, vagotonic symptoms occur in the form of a decrease in heart rate, breathing discomfort, facial flushing, sweating, low blood pressure, fever, weakness, heaviness in the head, nausea and dizziness, etc. With VVD, there are various somatic symptoms that simulate complex diseases, such as and. Therefore, many diseases can be simulated by attacks of vegetative neurosis.

Among the most common psychoneurotic symptoms of VVD, there are behavioral disorders and motivational. In this case, patients are characterized by a violation of emotional balance and sleep, the appearance of tearfulness with feelings of fear or anxiety, which reach self-flagellation and the inability to make a decision.

In addition to general symptoms a respiratory syndrome may be added, in which chest compression and lack of air occur. At the same time, pain in the head and tinnitus are noted, as well as pre-fainting and fainting. At the same time, patients develop hypochondria, they lose interest in life and go deep into themselves, become very irritable and conflict for no particular reason.

As a rule, almost all patients complain of a depressed state, lack of meaning in life and previous activity, show anxiety with a characteristic fear. Many are afraid of the loss of sexual relations and former interests. People who cannot make a decision for a long time engage in self-flagellation. But the more optimistic patients with VVD do not even suspect that they have hidden. This symptom does not allow patients to fully exist in society. Neurotics are in such a state when they are trying to maintain a balance of well-being, so as not to let down people nearby. At the same time, they constantly feel asthenia, they do not tolerate various physical and mental loads, they develop dependence on the weather, so they cannot concentrate on their duties and affairs.

An important role in the formation of the disease belongs to various conflict situations at school and at home, overprotection, increased loads at school, psychological neglect of a small patient, acute or chronic stress. Predisposing factors of VVD in children include infectious, somatic and endocrine diseases, constitutional anomalies, caries, tonsillitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis and neuroinfections with craniocerebral injuries.

The autonomic nervous system of children is badly affected by unfavorable weather conditions, environmental conditions, excessive mental and physical stress, poor nutrition, physical inactivity, disruption of the daily routine, lack of sleep and hormonal changes during puberty. Basically, VSD in children is strongly manifested during the period of rapid growth, with functional loads on the body with lability of the nervous system.

As a rule, disorders of the autonomic nervous system manifest themselves in the form of various reactions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division, which are caused by disturbances in the production of norepinephrine, acetylcholine, polypeptides, prostaglandins and vascular sensitivity.

When diagnosing VVD in children, take into account various criteria, which are considered important in contrast to the forms of the disease.

The etiology of VVD can be psychogenic, infectious-toxic, dishormonal, essential and mixed manifestations.

Depending on disorders of the autonomic nervous system, VSD in children is sympathicotonic, vagotonic and mixed. Given the prevalence of the disease, it can act as a generalized, systemic or local form. In addition, VVD in children is mild, severe and moderate forms, and can also occur latently, permanently and paroxysmally.

The clinical symptoms of VVD in a child consist of the predominance of sympathicotonia or vagotonia. Cardiac syndrome is characterized by the development of paroxysmal pain in the region of the heart, arrhythmias in the form of extrasystoles of an irregular nature, bradycardia or tachycardia, an increase or decrease in pressure. With the prevailing cardiovascular disorders in the structure of the VVD, they speak of a neurocirculatory form of dystonia.

The most dangerous syndrome is neurotic manifestation VSD. At the same time, children quickly get tired, they have sleep disturbances, they do not remember well, they complain of dizziness and pain in the head. Children with VVD are always out of mood, anxious, suspicious, emotionally labile. They sometimes have tantrums and depression.

The respiratory syndrome is characterized by shortness of breath at rest and with slight exertion, there is a lack of air. Violations of thermoregulation in VVD in children are expressed by chills, chilliness, poor tolerance weather.

On the part of the digestive system, nausea appears, appetite increases or decreases, causeless pains in the abdomen and spastic.

Symptoms characteristic of the urinary system are swelling under the eyes and frequent urination. As a rule, such children with VVD have a marble color. skin, sweat a lot, they have increased greasiness of the skin and marked red dermographism.

Autonomic crises occur in three types, such as sympathoadrenal, vagoinsular and mixed. Although they are much less common than adults.

For childhood, crises with a vagotonic orientation are characteristic, which is accompanied by a sinking heart, lack of air, the appearance of bradycardia and sweating, asthenia and hypotension.

Children with VSD in without fail need the advice of many specialists, such as a pediatrician, pediatric neurologist, cardiologist, endocrinologist, otolaryngologist, gastroenterologist and ophthalmologist. At the same time, another pathology is excluded for the diagnosis of VVD.

In the choice of treatment methods, preference is given to non-drug therapy, as well as the normalization of sleep, physical activity, daily routine and consultation child psychologist. Also, with VVD in children, positive dynamics can be achieved by using massage courses, physiotherapy, exercise therapy. In addition, swimming lessons, taking a healing shower and general baths with turpentine, radon, pine needles and carbon dioxide are recommended.

If necessary, sedatives, nootropic drugs, multivitamin complexes are used, and, according to indications, tranquilizers and antidepressants.

Prevention of VVD in children is to prevent the impact of risk factors on children's body, in the creation of general strengthening activities and the harmonization of the development of children. Such patients diagnosed with VVD are on dispensary observation and receive systematic specific treatment.

Pain with VSD

As a rule, VSD is accompanied various pains. Mostly it is pain in the head and in the region of the heart. In the first case, they are both temporary and permanent, and can also manifest themselves in the form of tension, cluster pain and .

Pain in the head, which is characterized by its monotony, is the pain of tension. In this case, patients have a feeling that the helmet is squeezing the head and at the same time it begins to whine. In addition, the pain covers the entire head with equal force. These attacks appear after shocks, experiences, work that requires concentration, and stress. To get rid of the pain of tension, it is enough to rest a little or do a massage of the collar zone.

Migraine with VVD is a paroxysmal with strong pulsation pain and usually located on one side of the head. Pain can be localized in the eyes, temples and forehead. The condition worsens if nausea, vomiting, tremors, cold hands, photophobia and intolerance to sounds, especially loud ones, join. The cause of migraine can be stress, exercise, being in a noisy place. Pain disappears after a cool shower and a good rest.

Cluster pain develops at night and causes insomnia, which causes suffering to patients. It is mainly localized on the head or face, but only on one side. Such an attack is very difficult to tolerate in the first ten minutes. At this moment, the eyes water, the eyelids droop, the face becomes red and begins to sweat.

Heart pain with VVD can manifest itself unpleasant sensations, as well as being completely unbearable and causing excruciating suffering in the form of depriving a person of rest and restful sleep, while causing a feeling of fear of death. Pains in the heart are different, such as burning, cutting, aching, pinching, stabbing, pressing. At the same time, there is a feeling of something foreign in the chest area. The pain is localized on the left in the subclavian region or behind the sternum and may radiate to left hand, teeth and neck. The pain may last for a few seconds or several hours. And it also manifests itself as a slow increase or a sudden attack.

Basically, pain in the heart with VVD is the result of overwork, physical overstrain, excitement, changes in weather conditions, the premenstrual period, alcohol intake, heaviness in the left arm and forced breathing. Sometimes pain can appear after an unpleasant dream.

For heart pain with VVD, one feature is characteristic. It usually appears after physical stress, not during their execution. And it occurs against the background of an anxious feeling, anxiety, lethargy, apathy and weakness.

Heart pain in VVD are of several types. The first type is characterized by pains of a constant aching or nagging nature as a result of a depressed state or longing. They are quite easily tolerated and do not affect a person's performance. These pains occur for no particular reason and slowly increase. They are stopped with Menthol and Valerian preparations.

The second type of pain is characterized by intensity and duration in the form of a burning sensation in the region of the heart. These pains are long and intense, in which Valocordin and Validol do not help. But mustard plasters on the heart area and painkillers bring relief.

In the third type of pain, their protracted course is noted, with a sudden onset and spread throughout chest. Very often there is a rapid heartbeat, there is not enough air, a person begins to sweat a lot, urination becomes more frequent and sometimes there is a feeling of fear of death.

With the fourth type of pain, their paroxysmal manifestation caused by emotions is noted. Their main difference lies in their short duration and relief with nitroglycerin.

The fifth type of heart pain is characterized by their appearance as a result of physical exertion. Such pain occurs during an exacerbation of the disease.

VVD treatment

Treatment of VVD involves the elimination of stressful influences, the maximum creation of a favorable mood for the recovery processes and the carrying out of arresting manipulations associated with the painful symptoms of VVD.

First of all, they establish normal family and domestic relations, eliminate stressful situations at work, at school, at work, etc. Thus, normalize mental state patient. Then walks in the fresh air are recommended, a full-fledged healthy sleep, a diet that is characterized by restriction harmful products nutrition, and it is also necessary to give up bad habits, coffee and strong tea.

The main and leading place in the treatment of VVD is given to psychotherapy, which can take place both in an individual form and in a group. With a mild form of VVD, you can limit yourself to taking Motherwort and Valerian preparations.

At the same time, patients are prescribed reflexology, massage, physiotherapy, aesthetic therapy, electrosleep, physiotherapy exercises.

To increase the body's resistance to stress, it is recommended to take Ginseng, Eleutherococcus, Lemongrass, as well as harden, perform breathing exercises.

To consolidate the results of VVD therapy, sanatorium-and-spa treatment is indicated using a type of therapy such as climatotherapy, sea bathing, mud, mineral waters.

The diagnosis of VVD is a complex of disorders and disorders with persistent features that correspond to many other diseases. That is, vegetovascular dystonia is not a disease, but a syndrome. The causes of dystonia can be very different, including also hereditary predisposition. In many situations, VVD proceeds with a mild degree of severity, which does not cause serious difficulties for life. With a moderate or severe degree of VVD, it is necessary to clarify the cause of occurrence and purposeful treatment of symptoms and the underlying disease.

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What is VSD?

The autonomic nervous system is an autonomous part of the nervous system of the body, which consists of two conventional divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic. They regulate the functionality of various organs and systems. For example, they control heart rate, body temperature, the urge to defecate, etc. The diagnosis of VVD is a violation of the function of one or both parts of the autonomic nervous system.

Since vegetovascular dystonia combines a complex of various disorders into one concept, a classification is used according to etiology, hemodynamic response and severity.

According to the etiology, VVD is divided into the following groups:

• hereditary;
• psychogenic;
• dishormonal;
• post-traumatic;
• infectious-toxic;
• mixed.

Neurocirculatory dystonia is classified:

• by hypertonic type (high blood pressure);
• hypotonic type (low blood pressure);
• by mixed type (with pressure surges);
• on normal state hemodynamics (normal pressure).

Vegetovascular dystonia is classified according to severity:

1. 1. Lightweight. Mild VSD occurs with mild or moderate neurosthenic symptoms and mild pain in the heart region, provoked by emotional and physical stress. It is characterized by a long and undulating course with periods of remission. With a mild degree of dystonia, the patient's performance practically does not decrease.
2. 2. Average. Moderate dystonia lasts longer than mild dystonia. Symptoms become more pronounced, periods of exacerbation come more often. Average degree dystonia reduces the patient's performance by half or completely eliminates it for a certain time.
3. 3. Heavy. Severe dystonia flows for a long time and persistently. Pain syndrome becomes pronounced, provokes vegetovascular crises. With severe dystonia, the patient's performance decreases to a critically minimal level.



Causes of VVD

The autonomic nervous system may become impaired by various reasons.Most often, dystonia occurs due to:

• hereditary predisposition;
• psycho-emotional stress;
• physical overvoltage;
• mental fatigue;
• infections, allergies or intoxications;
• hormonal disorders during pregnancy;
• abrupt climate change and other causes.





Genetic predisposition, stress, psychological trauma

With a hereditary predisposition to vegetovascular dystonia, the first signs are noted already in childhood. It develops due to a disturbed regulatory mechanism or weakness of the neuropsychic system. A weak nervous system is characterized by the fact that even minor psychological, physical and mental stress can cause a disorder of the autonomic nervous system.

A strong psychological shock that occurs in a person in any situation that seems hopeless harms the body. For many people, these stresses are only temporary. If the intensity of shocks is large, then the consequences for the autonomic nervous system can be deplorable.

With psychological shocks, the body has a spasmodic response, which leads to a violation of the blood flow to organs and tissues. This causes a lack of oxygen in the cells, which can lead to malfunctions in the regulation of the nervous-endocrine system.

Resistance to neuropsychic stress is determined individually. Some can withstand stress for a long time without loss of productivity, and some even in minor stressful situations lose peace and composure. The second category of people is more prone to neurosis and they have a rapid excitability of the nervous system.

Vegetovascular dystonia is more prone to people with a melancholic and choleric temperament, and sanguine people are more resistant to stress, because they do not get hung up on emotions.

The risk group for vegetovascular dystonia includes people with the following characteristics:

• suspicious;
• shy;
• vulnerable;
• insecure;
• pessimistic.



Physical overstrain or complete lack of stress

Often, people with increased physical exertion are susceptible to vegetovascular dystonia. This group includes mainly professional athletes who, in order to achieve their goals, work to the limit of their body's capabilities. The situation is aggravated by the use of special preparations for the forced restoration of the body. Influence at normal processes, responsible for cardiac activity and metabolism, leads to dysfunction of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Not only increased physical activity can cause a disorder of the autonomic nervous system, but also a complete lack of exercise. Physical inactivity leads to a weakening of the muscular system, and along with stress loads and mental work, the human nervous system begins to falter.

mental fatigue

Stress is often experienced by students, scientific workers and specialists whose profession is associated with constant intellectual work. Excessive mental stress, together with emotional overload, can provoke disorders in the autonomic nervous system.

This category of people is characterized by inactivity, which worsens the blood supply to the brain. Brain cells experience oxygen starvation, which causes headaches and irritability.

Intoxication, allergies, infectious and chronic diseases

Vegetovascular dystonia often occurs in conjunction with chronic diseases. Scientists have found that every person with a similar pathology will have manifestations of dystonia.

Chronic diseases can affect the state of the body and develop a pathology similar to neurosis and provoking failures in nervous regulation. Similar phenomena are often observed with intoxication, infectious diseases or withdrawal syndrome.

Pregnancy, age-related hormonal changes

The activity of the human body is impossible without certain hormones that are produced by different organs and systems:

• the pituitary gland;
• adrenal glands;
• sex or thyroid gland.



The hormonal balance in the human body is controlled by these secretory glands. Delivered through the bloodstream to all organs and tissues, hormones affect various processes, including metabolism, cell growth and development. Like the nervous system, the hormonal system is of great importance for the flow of vital processes in the body.

The hormonal background of a person changes several times in a lifetime. Such changes have a significant impact on all processes in the body. For example, the most active period in the development of the human body - puberty. It occurs with an imbalance of many hormones.

Hormonal changes occur in women during pregnancy. This is due to the purposeful reconfiguration of all organs and systems for the favorable development and bearing of the fetus.

Such changes cannot go unnoticed by the human body. Often they cause disturbances in the endocrine system and cause vegetovascular dystonia.

Sudden and significant changes in environmental conditions

Frequent movement of a person to different countries with a significant difference in time zones or with a large difference in climatic conditions can cause malfunctions in the body. For example, with a sharp cold snap or warming, a change in humidity levels or pressure surges, the autonomic nervous system affects the processes in the human body in order to normalize body temperature, heart rate, etc.

Some people may have an intolerance to high or low temperatures. If there is a weakness to certain climatic conditions or environmental changes and a predisposition to dystonia, there is a high risk of developing the disease. The risk group consists of people whose profession is associated with hazardous production.

Other reasons

In addition to the main causes of dystonia, there are a number of factors that do not in themselves cause VSD, but develop a predisposition to it. Violation of the autonomic nervous system is possible due to the following factors:

• smoking;
• alcohol abuse;
• lack of sleep;
• addiction to spicy food and tonic drinks;
• uncontrolled medication;
• long work at the computer.

Symptoms

Vegetovascular dystonia can occur with a long list of symptoms. This seriously complicates the diagnosis of the disease. Signs of dystonia in adults and children:

• insomnia;
• headache;
• numbness of some parts of the body;
• dizziness, fainting;
• increased fatigue;
• lethargy, drowsiness;
• frequent appearance of herpes on the lips;
• periodic sensation of a coma in the throat;
• sudden panic attacks;
• increased heart rate;
• weather dependence;
• depressive states;
• distraction, poor memory;
• dyspnea;
• pain in the back, legs and arms;
• appetite disorder.

There are many signs of vegetovascular dystonia. All of them do not appear at the same time, because VVD combines various disorders vegetative systems and organs. Depending on the dysfunction of certain systems and organs, syndromes with certain symptoms are distinguished.

Syndrome	Symptoms
Cardiovascular	Tachycardia, unstable blood pressure, various vascular reactions, aching pain in the chest area
hyperventilating	Rapid or difficult breathing, a feeling of acute lack of air, muscle spasms, dizziness
Increased irritability of the intestines	Bloating, vomiting, loss of appetite, nausea, aching and spastic pains in the lower abdomen and in the stomach
cystalgia	Frequent urge to urinate, pain when urinating without signs of diseases of the urinary system
Sexual disorders	For men - erectile dysfunction and violation of ejaculation, in women - lack of orgasm and vaginosis
disturbed sweating	Excessive sweating in the palms and feet
Thermoregulatory disorders	Chills, fever

Treatment

Vegetovascular dystonia is treated for quite a long time and is difficult. In order to achieve improvements in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the causes of the disease.

Therapy of vegetovascular dystonia includes the following items:

1. 1. Normalization of the mode of work and rest. At diagnosis IRR to a person needed good rest. Patients are advised not to burden the body with physical and mental work. Otherwise, it begins to weaken, and there is an imbalance in the work of certain systems.
2. 2. Active lifestyle. Due to inactivity, many body systems weaken, in particular the heart and muscle tissue. Physical activity necessary because movement improves blood circulation, enriching the cells of the whole body with oxygen.
3. 3. Therapeutic massage and water procedures. To improve blood circulation and improve the functioning of the lymphatic system, it is recommended to undergo physiotherapy procedures. Massage improves performance at the same time musculoskeletal system and relieves stress. All this favorably affects the functioning of the central nervous system.
4. 4. Reducing emotional upheaval. Patients with dystonia are recommended to exclude all kinds of stressful situations, avoid conflicts at work, if possible, change activities associated with psychological stress to a calmer one. Children need to be protected from external influences (cruel computer games, scenes of violence, etc.).
5. 5. Family psychological correction. Therapy is used to normalize relations between family members when there are frequent conflicts and difficulties in raising a child at home. Quarrels and scandals negatively affect the mental development of children. Therefore, often the cause of vegetovascular dystonia becomes a bad emotional situation.
6. 6. Rational nutrition. To improve the functioning of human systems and organs, vitamins and minerals are needed. Some vitamins are produced by the body itself, but mostly they come with food. You need to eat at least 3 times a day. The diet should be dominated by steamed dishes, fresh vegetables and fruits.

Medical therapy

Doctors resort to drug therapy when other methods and methods of dealing with dystonia have not brought results. Medicines are indicated for treatment chronic diseases that provoked a violation of the autonomic nervous system, and in cases where the symptoms of dystonia do not allow you to perform daily tasks.

Below is a table with drugs and medicines, which are used for VSD treatment depending on the nature of the manifestation and violations.

Group of drugs	Mechanism of action	Names of drugs and medicines
Sedatives	Beneficial effect on the nervous system, have a sedative effect	Novopassit, Stressplant, Persen, herbal tea with lemon balm
tranquilizers	Relieve fear, anxiety and stress	Tranxen, Relanium, Diazepam
Antidepressants	Eliminate anxiety, apathy, irritability, emotional overstrain. Helps relieve pain throughout the body and eliminate aching muscles and joints	Amitriptyline, Clomipramine, Cipramil, Imipramine, Coaxil, Prozac
Nootropics	Improve mental activity, develop resistance to stressful situations	Pyritinol, Phenibut, Piracetam
Correctors of impaired cerebral circulation	Normalize peripheral and cerebral circulation	Cyranisin, Trental, Cavinton, nicotinic acid
Beta blockers	Eliminate the predominance of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and pain in the heart area	Obzidan, Anaprilin, Atenolol, Tenormin
Antispasmodics	Relieve heart pain	Valocordin, Verapamil, valerian tincture
Psychostimulants of plant origin	Restore heart rhythm during vagotonic reactions	Eleutherococcus, lemongrass, lure
Laxatives	Help relieve constipation	Dufalac, Normaze, Lavacol
Antidiarrheals	Help eliminate diarrhea	Imodium, Polyphepan, Smecta, Lopedium



Vegetovascular dystonia develops against the background of various chronic diseases. Often provoked by emotional and physical overload. Violation of the autonomic nervous system is possible due to a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, hereditary predisposition, or excessive use of drugs. Dystonia manifests itself in a variety of ways. Patients may experience palpitations, bowel dysfunction, or nervous disorders. A large list of possible manifestations is due to the fact that the autonomic nervous system is involved in all processes in the body.

With a diagnosis of dystonia, you can live if you give up bad habits, have a good rest, eat well and exclude possible provoking factors. At severe course VSD needs to be installed exact reason occurrence. Medical therapy should be aimed at treating the underlying disease and eliminating symptoms.