Cefotaxime: instructions for use. Cefotaxime - a universal antibiotic: characteristics and application

Cefotaxime: instructions for use

Compound

Each bottle contains the active ingredient Cefotaxime - 0.5 or 1.0 g (in the form of cefotaxime sodium salt).

Description

White or white with a yellowish tint powder.

Indications for use

Severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms: infections of the central nervous system(meningitis), respiratory tract and ENT organs, urinary tract, bones, joints, skin and soft tissues, pelvic organs, gonorrhea, infected wounds and burns, peritonitis, sepsis, abdominal infections, endocarditis, Lyme disease (borreliosis), salmonellosis, infections due to immunodeficiency, prevention of infections after surgical operations (including urological, obstetric-gynecological, gastrointestinal tract).

Pregnancy and lactation

Hypersensitivity (including to penicillins, other cephalosporins, carbapenems), pregnancy, lactation, children up to 2.5 years (for intramuscular administration).

Carefully

Neonatal period (for intravenous administration), chronic renal failure, ulcerative colitis (including history), pregnancy, lactation (excreted in milk in small concentrations).

Directions for use and doses

Adults and children weighing 50 kg or more: for uncomplicated infections - intramuscularly (IM) or intravenously (IV), 1 g every 12 hours; for uncomplicated acute gonorrhea - intramuscularly, 0.5-1 g once; for moderate infections - IM or IV, 1-2 g every 8 hours; for sepsis - IV, 2 g every 6-8 hours, for life-threatening infections (meningitis) - IV, 2 g every 4 hours, maximum daily dose- 12 g. The duration of treatment is determined individually.

In order to prevent the development of infections before surgery administered during induction general anesthesia once 1 g. If necessary, the administration is repeated after 6 - 12 hours.

For caesarean section (at the time of applying clamps to the umbilical vein) - 1 g intravenously, then 6 and 12 hours after the first dose - an additional 1 g.

With CC 20 ml/min/1.73 sq.m or less, the daily dose is reduced by 2 times.

Premature and newborns up to 1 week - iv 50 mg/kg every 12 hours; at the age of 1 - 4 weeks - iv 50 mg/kg every 8 hours; children weighing up to 50 kg - IV or IM 50 - 180 mg/kg in 4 - 6 injections. At severe course infections, incl. meningitis, intramuscularly or intravenously, in 4 to 6 doses, maximum daily dose - 12 g.

Rules for preparing injection solutions:

For intravenous injection, water for injection is used as a solvent (0.5 - 1 g diluted in 4 ml of solvent, 2 g in 10 ml);

For intravenous infusion 0.9% is used as a solvent NaCl solution or 5% dextrose solution (1 - 2 g diluted in 50 - 100 ml of solvent). Duration of infusion – 50 - 60 minutes.

For intramuscular administration, use water for injection or 1% lidocaine solution (for a dose of the drug 0.5 g - 2 ml, for a dose of 1 g - 4 ml).

Side effect

Allergic reactions: urticaria, chills, fever, rash, itching; rarely - bronchospasm, eosinophilia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

From the central nervous system:headache, dizziness.

Local reactions: phlebitis, pain along the vein when intravenous administration, pain and infiltration - with intramuscular injection.

From the urinary system: azotemia, oliguria, anuria, increased urea content in the blood.

From the digestive system: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, abdominal pain, dysbacteriosis, liver dysfunction (increased activity of alanine transferase, asparagine transferase, alkaline photosphase in blood plasma, hypercreatininemia, hyperbilirubinemia); rarely - stomatitis, glossitis, pseudomembranous colitis.

From the hematopoietic system: leukopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, hypocoagulation.

From the outside of cardio-vascular system : Potentially life-threatening arrhythmias following rapid central venous bolus administration.

Laboratory indicators: azotemia, increased urea concentration in the blood, increased activity of “liver” transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, hypercreatininemia, hyperbilirubinemia, positive reaction Coombs.

Others: superinfection (including candidal stomatitis).

Overdose

Symptoms: convulsions, encephalopathy (in case of large doses, especially in patients with renal failure), tremor, neuromuscular irritability.

Treatment: symptomatic.

Interaction with other drugs

Increases the risk of bleeding when combined with antiplatelet agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The likelihood of kidney damage increases with simultaneous administration with aminoglycosides, polymyxin B and loop diuretics.

Pharmaceutically incompatible with solutions of other antibiotics in the same syringe or dropper.

Features of application

In the first weeks of treatment, pseudomembranous colitis may occur, manifested by severe, prolonged diarrhea. In this case, stop taking the drug and prescribe adequate therapy, including vancomycin or metronidazole.

Patients with a history allergic reactions to penicillins, may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

When treating with the drug for more than 10 days, it is necessary to control the number of blood cells.

During treatment with cefotaxime, it is possible to obtain a false-positive Coombs test and false positive reaction urine for glucose.

With the simultaneous use of cephalosporin antibiotics and ethanol, disulfiram-like reactions may develop, but in clinical studies cefotaxime has not been registered similar effect with him simultaneous use with ethanol.

Cefotaxime for intramuscular injection cannot be administered intravenously, since the solvent contains lidocaine; Only freshly prepared solutions should be used.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Cefotaxime can be prescribed during pregnancy only under strict indications.

If it is necessary to prescribe the drug during lactation, breastfeeding should be stopped.

Release form

0.5 g and 1.0 g in a bottle in package No. 10.

Storage conditions

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25°C. Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date

2 years. Do not use after expiration date.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

On prescription.

Self-medication can be harmful to your health.
You should consult your doctor and read the instructions before use.

Cefotaxime is an antibacterial drug belonging to the group of third-generation cephalosporins. The medicine has a bactericidal mechanism of action on pathogenic microorganisms and a wide range of activities. The release form is parenteral, that is, cefotaxime analogs are not produced in tablets. The antibiotic is administered exclusively intravenously or intramuscularly.

Cefotaxime instructions for use injections

The effectiveness of the drug is determined by the fact that the active substance cefotaxime disrupts the synthesis of mucopeptides in the microbial membrane. The drug is active against gram- and gram+ pathogens resistant to other antibiotics, including strains that produce B-lactamases. The bactericidal effect extends to penicillin-, aminoglycoside- and sulfonamide-resistant bacteria.

The maximum concentration of the antibiotic in the blood plasma is achieved half an hour after intramuscular administration. When administered intravenously maximum level in plasma is achieved in five minutes. Cefotaxime has good binding to plasma proteins and provides an effective antibacterial concentration for twelve hours. Also, it accumulates well in inflamed tissue and organ structures (heart muscle, bone, gallbladder, skin, subcutaneous fat). Significant therapeutic values are also determined in body fluids, in particular, the antibiotic penetrates into the spinal, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluid.

Considering the ability of the antibiotic to overcome the placenta barrier, as well as to be excreted breast milk, Cefotaxime during pregnancy and breastfeeding can be prescribed only if absolutely necessary, when there is no more safe alternative. Breastfeeding must be stopped during therapy.

The drug is eliminated from the body through urine. About 20% of the excreted drug is utilized in the form of desacetylcefotaxime (a metabolite of cefotaxime, which also has antibacterial activity). A small part of the drug is excreted in bile, and in lactating women - in breast milk.

Pharmacological group of the drug

The pharmacological group of the drug is antibiotics.

Group of antibiotics: Cefotaxime belongs to the 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporins.

Composition and release form of the drug

The active substance is cefotaxime.

The drug is used only by injection. In tablets, capsules, syrups, etc. Cefotaxime is not available, and there is no suspension for children either!

The solution is sold in bottles with lyophilisate (powder for making injection solution), containing five hundred, 1000 and 2000 milligrams of antibiotic in the form of Na salt. The prepared solution is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Cefotaxime Photos

Cefotaxime recipe in Latin

Rp.:Cefotaximi1.0.

D.t.d No. 12 in flac.

Spectrum of antimicrobial activity

Cefotaxime is active against bacteria resistant to aminoglycosides, penicillins, and sulfonamides.

The antibiotic is effective against staphylococci (including strains capable of producing penicillinase), streptococci, diphtheria corynebacteria, enterobacteria, Escherichia coli, acinetobacter, hemolytic bacillus (including strains resistant to ampicillin), Klebsiella, Neisseria (gonococci and meningococci), propionobacteria, protea, serrations, yersinia, bordetella, fusobacteria, bacteroides, moraxella, peptostreptococci, etc.

Compared to the first and second generation cephalosporins, Cefotaxime is less active against gramcocci.

Listeria, group D streptococci, and staphylococci that are resistant to methicillin are resistant to the antibiotic.

Which is better: Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone?

Both drugs belong to the third generation of cephalosporins and have similar mechanism actions and spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Also, both Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime have only a parenteral release form, that is, they are used exclusively intravenously or intramuscularly.

The main difference between Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime is that it displaces bilirubin from its connection with albumin, therefore, when prescribing Ceftriaxone to newborns, there is a risk of developing kernicterus. The solution also has a dual elimination route (it is disposed of in urine and bile).

Cefoperazone does not exhibit a similar effect and can be prescribed to children from the first days of life (up to 2.5 years it is prescribed only intravenously). Also, it is more effective against MSSA staphylococci.

Indications and contraindications for use

The drug is successfully prescribed for infections varying degrees severity affecting:

ENT organs;
breath paths (upper and lower);
urinary and reproductive system;
organs abdominal cavity(including with the development of peritonitis);
skin and fatty acids;
musculoskeletal system.

Also, the antibiotic is prescribed for severe septicemia, bacteremia, meningitis (with the exception of meningitis caused by Listeria) and other infections of the central nervous system.

Cefotaxime can be used in the treatment of:

complicated and uncomplicated forms of gonorrhea;
chlamydia;
Lyme disease;
endocarditis;
salmonellosis;
purulent inflammatory diseases against the background of immunodeficiency states;
severe gynecological infections (including septic abortions).

In surgery it is used for prophylactic purposes, to prevent the development of septic complications.

The medicine is contraindicated in persons with individual intolerance to B-lactam drugs, with bleeding, if the patient has a nonspecific ulcerative colitis, severe heart failure, AV block.

Despite the fact that cephalosporins are on the list of antibiotics approved for use during pregnancy, cefotaxime should only be used when absolutely necessary, in the absence of a safer alternative.

Cefotaxime at breastfeeding not prescribed. If it is necessary to use it in lactating women, breastfeeding is stopped for the entire period of treatment.

Age restrictions must also be taken into account. The medicine can be administered intravenously from the first days of life, but intramuscular use is allowed only from 2.5 years.

Can be used with caution to treat patients with chronic renal failure (CKD).

At intramuscular method introductions additional contraindication is an allergy to lidocaine.

Dosage of Cefotaxime injections

Used for intravenous and intramuscular administration. Intravenously, Cefotaxime can be administered either as a stream or as a drip. Before use, a skin test for sensitivity to the antibiotic must be performed. If the drug is administered intramuscularly, an additional test for lidocaine is performed.

Cefotaxime can be used intravenously from the first days of life. Intramuscular administration is allowed for children over 2.5 years old.

For adult patients and children weighing more than 50 kilograms, an antibiotic is prescribed in standard dose-1000 mg twice daily. The prescribed dosages are adjusted according to the severity of the patient's condition. If necessary, the drug can be administered up to 6 times a day. The maximum daily dose is twelve grams.

Patients with an uncomplicated form of gonorrhea are administered 1000 mg once, intramuscularly. For women, repeated administration is recommended after twelve hours.

In infectious and inflammatory processes localized in urinary tract, it is necessary to prescribe 1000 mg 2-3 times a day.

For the treatment of infectious diseases with a moderate course, it is necessary to administer 1-2 grams of the drug twice a day.

Cefotaxime for bronchitis in children weighing more than fifty kilograms is prescribed one thousand mg twice a day.

For severe infections (for example, meningitis), the dosage of Cefotaxime is 2 grams, every four to eight hours. Exceeding the daily dose of 12 grams is prohibited.

The duration of treatment with Cefotaxime depends on the severity of the disease; the minimum duration of drug therapy is seven days (with the exception of uncomplicated gonorrhea).

If an antibiotic is used before surgery, for prophylactic purposes to prevent purulent-septic complications, then it is administered in a dose of 1000 mg when the patient is put under anesthesia. If necessary, repeated administration is carried out after six to twelve hours.

Women who are indicated for delivery by caesarean section, 1000 mg of the drug is administered intravenously at the moment when a clamp is applied to the umbilical vein. Repeated administration of 1 gram of the drug - after six to twelve hours.

Cefotaxime for angina is prescribed in a course lasting from a week to 10 days.

For children weighing less than fifty kilograms, the daily dose is calculated by weight. The standard dose is from 50 to one hundred milligrams per kilogram. The resulting daily dose is divided into three to four administrations.

For meningitis and other severe infections, the daily dose can be increased. In this case, the child is prescribed from 100 to 200 milligrams per kilogram. The resulting dosage is administered four to six times.

Dose of Cefotaxime for newborns and premature infants

Cefotaxime 50 mg/kg/day for a child, divided into two doses, is prescribed until the 1st week of life. The drug is also prescribed to premature babies.

From one week to a full month of life, use from fifty to one hundred mg/kg per day, divided into three administrations.

Dose for patients with renal failure

Taking into account the fact that the drug is eliminated from the body in the urine, for persons with severe renal dysfunction, the dosage is reduced in accordance with creatinine clearance.

If clearance is less than 20 milliliters per minute, it is necessary to reduce the daily dose by half.

How to dilute an antibiotic?

If Cefotaxime is prescribed intravenously as a bolus, then one gram of lyophilisate must be diluted in eight milliliters of 0.9 sodium chloride or solution for injection. The resulting solution must be homogeneous and free of suspended matter and foreign inclusions. The medication must be administered slowly, over three to five minutes.

If the drug is prescribed by drip, then one gram of lyophilisate is diluted with fifty milliliters saline solution(preferred) or five percent glucose. The duration of the infusion is about an hour.

When prescribing Cefotaxime for intramuscular injections, the instructions recommend dissolving 1 gram of lyophilisate with four milliliters of water for injection, or four milliliters of a 1% lidocaine solution. The resulting solution is injected deep into the gluteal muscle (upper outer quadrant).

You can also dilute 1 gram of powder with two milliliters of solution for injection and add 2 ml of lidocaine (1%).

How to dilute Cefotaxime with novocaine?

The use of lidocaide as an anesthetic is more preferable. It is almost four times more powerful than novocaine and lasts longer. In addition, novocaine is prohibited for use in children under 12 years of age.

Instructions for use of Cefotaxime also contain information that intramuscular injections are made with lidocaine or injection solution.

As a rule, novocaine is prescribed to adults and patients over twelve years of age who have contraindications to the use of lidocaine.

In this case, use 4 milliliters of 0.5% novocaine solution per 1 gram of antibiotic. The resulting solution is also injected into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle.

It is important to remember that administering an antibiotic diluted with lidocaine or novocaine into a vein is strictly prohibited!

Side effects of Cefotaxime

The most common complications are gastrointestinal disorders and allergies. Other violations are rare.

Undesirable effects from antibiotic treatment can be manifested by disruption of the gastrointestinal tract (dyspeptic disorders, flatulence, abdominal pain, intestinal dysbiosis, stomatitis and glossitis rarely occur).

When treated with Cefotaxime, there is a risk of pseudomembranous colitis. This is a serious and dangerous complication, which is accompanied by prolonged diarrhea (up to 20 times a day). It is associated with the activation of Clostridium difficile in the intestine, so treatment includes the immediate discontinuation of cephalosporin and the appointment of Vancomycin or Metronidazole (the drugs are administered orally).

Women may develop thrush after treatment.

Reactions allergic nature can wear varying degrees severity from hives or itchy skin, to angioedema, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylactic reactions etc.

The hepatobiliary system can react with hepatitis, acute liver failure, stagnation of bile, jaundice, etc.

There may also be changes in blood tests. A decrease in the number of neutrophils, leukocytes, agranulocytes, and an increase in the number of eosinophils may be observed. IN biochemical analysis Hepatic transaminases may increase.

Hemolytic anemia and hypocoagulation develop extremely rarely.

Sometimes patients complain of headaches, increased fatigue and drowsiness. In isolated cases, convulsions and reversible encephalopathy are possible.

At the injection site, pain, redness, tissue infiltration (with intramuscular injection) or phlebitis (with intravenous injection) are possible.

Cefotaxime during pregnancy

That is, the drug can be prescribed to pregnant women if necessary, in cases where there is no safer alternative.

In a study in pregnant rats, the antibiotic was not found to be teratogenic or mutagenic, but there are no reliable data from controlled studies in humans.

In this regard, antibiotics can be prescribed to pregnant women, after a very careful balance of risk and benefit.

Cefotaxime and alcohol - compatibility

The cephalosporin group of antibiotics is not compatible with alcohol. This combination can lead to the development of disulfiram-like reactions. They can manifest as uncontrollable vomiting, tachycardia, rhythm disturbances, feelings of fear, mental disorders, tinnitus, sharp drop blood pressure(to the point of collapse). In severe cases it is possible death, due to toxic damage liver and nervous system.

Cefotaxime analogues

The product can be produced under the trade names:

Claforan;
Clafotaxime;
Cefotaxime produced by Biokhimik Saransk;
Razibelakta;
Cephabol;
Cefotaxime, Lecco;
Liforan;
Intrataxim;
Duatax;
Cefotaxime, Biosynthesis;
Taksim;
Cephajet.

Cefotaxime - reviews from doctors

The antibiotic has high efficiency against a wide range of pathogens, can be prescribed from the first days of life and has a wide range of dosages, allowing them to be effectively adjusted according to the severity of the disease.

In their reviews, many patients speak positively about the drug, noting the rapid effect of using Cefotaxime.

Negative reviews about the drug are associated with painful injections (with intramuscular injection) and complaints of disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract during the use of Cefotaxime. Patients complain of bloating, flatulence, nausea, loss of appetite, etc. Allergic reactions, thrush after a course of treatment, as well as weakness and dizziness during the period of use of the drug are also possible. Other adverse reactions appear extremely rarely.

It is important to understand that Cefotaxime is a powerful and effective antibiotic that should only be used as prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable and can cause irreparable harm to health.

Article prepared
Infectious disease doctor A. L. Chernenko

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A pharmacological drug called Cefotaxime belongs to the list of effective new generation antibiotics. It has become widespread due to the fact that it has a wide range of effects on various types of pathogenic microorganisms and bacteria. This makes it possible to use the remedy for treatment various types diseases associated with the penetration of bacteria and viruses into the body. One more advantage of the drug Cefotaxime should be noted, which is due to the safety of its effects on the body. It is known that antibiotics, together with treatment, have negative impact on the human body, destroying not only bacteria pathogenic in nature, but also beneficial microorganisms. In Cefotaxime, such negative effects are minimized. To fully emphasize the safety of the drug, it should be noted that it can be used even for babies from 1 week of life. Let's take a closer look at what Cefotaxime is.

In what cases is an antibiotic indicated?

Instructions for use of the drug Cefotaxime in the form of injections state that the antibiotic is indicated for the following diseases and pathologies:

genitourinary infections;
skin infections;
infectious diseases of the respiratory organs;
salmonellosis;
infectious wounds and burns;
diseases musculoskeletal system infectious in nature;
diseases of the ENT organs: sinusitis and tonsillitis;
abdominal infections.

These are the main diseases for which antibiotic use is indicated. The drug is also indicated for use in peritonitis, sepsis and endocarditis. This remedy is used to combat Lyme disease. It is also prescribed for preventive purposes after surgical surgical interventions. Doctors may prescribe the drug for developing infections against the background of immunodeficiency. This wide application Cefotaxime in the form of injections is due to its effectiveness and wide range of effects.

Release forms

Cefotaxime is available in the form of a dry powder mixture, which has white color. This antibiotic is not available in tablet form. This form is designed for intravenous and intramuscular use. Cefotaxime is dispensed mainly in transparent glass bottles of 500 mg and 1 g. In order to prepare the antibiotic for use, it must be mixed with saline solution, adding it to an ampoule with powder.

How to use the drug correctly

Cefotaxime in the form of injections is used both intravenously and intramuscularly. The instructions indicate that the antibiotic can be used for both adults and children. If the patient develops diseases that are uncomplicated, the drug is administered intramuscularly or intravenously as a dropper.

For the development of moderately severe infectious diseases, Cefotaxime is used 2 g 4-6 times a day. The dosage is prescribed by your doctor, so it may vary. The duration of the course is also prescribed by the doctor depending on the nature of the disease. Before surgery, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, which will eliminate infection. If necessary, the drug can be reused.

For children, Cefotaxime is prescribed by the attending physician, and the dosage depends on the weight and age of the child. For newborn babies, the dosage of the drug does not exceed 50 mg/kg body weight 2 times a day. Children from 7 days to a month are prescribed the drug in an amount of 50 mg/kg every 7-8 hours. If the child is over 2 years old, the drug is administered at a dose of 50-180 mg/kg 4 to 6 times a day. If complications occur in a young patient, the dosage may be increased. The duration of therapy is influenced by factors such as the nature of the disease. Often the course lasts from 7 to 14 days. For children under 2 years of age, the drug should be administered intravenously only.

Dilution of the drug

Doctors strictly prohibit self-medication, especially if we're talking about about serious medications, including Cefotaxime. It is prohibited to prescribe the drug yourself if there are suspicions of certain types of diseases. Moreover, you cannot use the drug intravenously if you do not know how to do it correctly.

Despite medical prohibitions, there is often a need to not only prescribe medications yourself, but also use them. If you decide to use Cefotaxime on your own, you should know how to do it correctly. Initially, you should remember that children under 2.5 years old can only administer the medicine into a vein. Starting from 2 years of age, antibiotics can be used for both intravenous and intramuscular administration. If you plan to use the medicine intramuscularly, then the daily dosage should be divided into two times. Injections into a vein can be given in full once.

To use the drug for intravenous administration, it must be initially prepared. How to dilute the medicine, as well as what Excipients can this be used? Before using Cefotaxime, it should be diluted with solvents such as glucose or distilled water. For intramuscular administration, you can give preference to such types of solvents as novocaine, lidocaine, saline, as well as special sterile water for injection.

To dilute the medicine, you will need to use a regular disposable syringe with a needle. First, you need to draw 4 ml of solvent into the syringe, after which you should inject it into the ampoule with the powder.

It is important to know! There is no need to open the ampoule of Cefotaxime, as there is a special rubber stopper for this purpose. This plug must be pierced with a needle, and then the solution must be squeezed out from the syringe.

Once the syringe is empty, there is no need to remove it. Now you should thoroughly mix the powder for 1 minute to obtain a homogeneous liquid. Now you should turn the bottle over with the stopper facing down and draw required amount medicines. After the syringe is removed from the bottle, the air should be squeezed out from it. Before injecting the medicine, you need to use medical alcohol and a cotton swab to treat the injection site.

Pregnancy.
High sensitivity to the composition of the drug.
If the child is under 2 years of age, he is prohibited from administering the drug intramuscularly.

Although the drug is one of the safest antibiotics, patients who have problems with kidney failure and ulcerative colitis should use it with caution and only as directed by a doctor.

After administration of the drug, the patient may develop unpleasant consequences in the form of pseudomembranous colitis, manifested in the form of severe diarrhea. If the patient experiences symptoms of diarrhea, the use of the drug is not discontinued, but the required treatment is additionally prescribed. In rare cases, especially in children, an increase in temperature may occur after initial use of Cefotaxime. If the temperature rises above 38 degrees, you will need to use antipyretics.

If the patient has signs of intolerance to the composition of the drug, then allergic reactions may occur in the form of a general deterioration of the condition or local. When using the medicine for more than 10 days, a blood test is required. During treatment, alcohol consumption should be avoided, as this can lead to the development side symptoms. The main types of adverse reactions are the following complications: vomiting, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, swelling of the skin.

Adverse symptoms

Adverse reactions can occur if the medication is used incorrectly, with an overdose, or if Cefotaxime is administered if the patient is allergic. The main types of adverse reactions that can be caused by Cefotaxime are:

On the part of the central nervous system, the development of such consequences as headaches, convulsions, loss of coordination and dizziness is possible.
From the outside genitourinary system possible the following types complications: stagnation of urine, the appearance of thrush, as well as thrush disorder.
From the digestive system: vomiting, nausea, painful sensations in the abdominal area, diarrhea, bloating, liver dysfunction, colitis.
From the circulatory system, the development of anemia, thrombosis, and leukopenia cannot be excluded.
From the cardiovascular system: the development of arrhythmia, which develops against the background of rapid administration of the drug.

The development of allergic reactions cannot be ruled out, which can cause symptoms such as itching, bronchospasms and skin rashes in the form of urticaria. After administration of the medication, anaphylactic shock and angioedema may occur. Doctors also note that after the injection, pain may develop at the injection site. After the injections, changes in laboratory blood parameters are also observed.

In case of overdose, the following are observed: side symptoms:

Tremor.
Cramping sensations.
Fever.
Hearing loss.
Loss of coordination.

Use during pregnancy

The manufacturer does not recommend using the drug for women during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Doctors strongly do not recommend giving Cefotaxime injections during the first trimester, which can contribute to fetal death.

Antibiotic should be used in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, as well as during breastfeeding child, is allowed only in exceptional cases when there is a potential risk to the mother's life. After intravenous administration of Cefotaxime, the concentration of the main substance in milk is about 0.32 μg/ml. This concentration indicates that the substance can have a negative effect on the child’s microflora.

Interaction with other drugs

When using an antibiotic with other medications, the risk of bleeding may increase. The use of antibiotics with antiplatelet agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is prohibited. If aminoglycosides are taken at the same time, kidney damage cannot be ruled out.

It is prohibited to use an antibiotic with other similar drugs, which can cause not only side symptoms, but also various kinds complications. The drug has many analogues, among which are: Claforan, Intrataxime, Kefotex and Oritax. The main advantage of an antibiotic is the provision bactericidal properties due to inhibition of cell wall synthesis of pathogenic bacteria.

Cefotaxime for purulent tonsillitis is an antibiotic used almost exclusively in hospital treatment. It is introduced into the patient’s body by injection - intramuscular and intravenous, produced either in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of appropriate solutions, or as a powder for dilution with water, saline or anesthetic solutions.

Cefotaxime is effective in almost all cases purulent sore throat. It destroys both streptococci and staphylococci, and even those resistant to penicillin. Therefore, if started in a timely manner, treatment is always effective.

Cefotaxime is used to treat purulent tonsillitis in cases where antibiotics penicillin series turn out to be ineffective, but the bacterial nature of the disease is confirmed. If the causative agent of a purulent sore throat is sensitive to antibiotics that can be prescribed orally, then they prefer to prescribe just such antibiotics. Cefotaxime is usually used as a second-line treatment when safer, easier-to-use drugs are ineffective.

Important distinctive feature and the main disadvantage of cefotaxime (like most cephalosporins) is the extremely high pain of injections with it. They are especially difficult for children, who are in great pain both during and after the injection. Extensive bruises and bumps remain at the injection site, which are very painful and sometimes prevent the child from sitting on the potty.

In many cases, the doctor may prescribe injections of cefotaxime with lidocaine or novocaine to reduce pain. However, these anesthetics themselves are drugs and may interfere with the action of cefotaxime.

Without Lidocaine, Cefotaxime injections are very difficult to tolerate, especially for children

In addition, patients often experience allergic reactions to the pain-relieving components of injections. For this reason, sometimes cefotaxime is administered without an anesthetic at all, only on the basis of saline solution, or taken together with painkillers antihistamines- Zyrtec, Erius and others - to relieve an allergic reaction.

Rules for the use of Cefotaxime

For purulent tonsillitis, Cefotaxime is administered intramuscularly into the gluteal muscle; only in extremely severe cases of this disease are intravenous injections and infusions prescribed.

Children weighing up to 50 kg are prescribed the drug in a total dose of 50-180 mg per kg of body weight, divided into 5-6 administrations. Adults and children weighing more than 50 kg are prescribed 1 g of the drug every 8-12 hours.

The safest place for intramuscular injection is top part gluteal muscle

To prepare a solution for intramuscular administration, 500 mg of cefotaxime is dissolved in 2 ml of water for injection, saline or 1% lidocaine solution. 1 g of cefotaxime is dissolved in 4 ml of liquid.

The duration of treatment and the number of injections are prescribed by the doctor based on the patient’s condition, duration of illness, medical history, and bacteriological examination data.

Safety of use of the product

Cefotaxime causes many side effects. Here are just some of them:

Arrhythmias, sometimes life-threatening;
Interstitial nephritis, renal dysfunction;
Flatulence, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, intestinal dysbiosis;
Headache;
The appearance of infiltrates, bruises and pain at the injection site, with intravenous injections - along the vein;
Urticaria, skin rash with itching, bronchospasm;
Thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia.

Typical swelling after a Cefotaxime injection

Because of them, cefotaxime is prescribed only in cases where safer antibiotics are inappropriate to use. As directed by a doctor, cefotaxime can be prescribed to children in the first weeks of life, pregnant and breastfeeding women, but such patients must be constantly monitored by a doctor.

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Contents [Show]

In this article you can find instructions for use medicinal product Cefotaxime. Reviews of site visitors - consumers of this medicine, as well as the opinions of specialist doctors on the use of Cefotaxime in their practice are presented. We kindly ask you to actively add your reviews about the drug: whether the medicine helped or did not help get rid of the disease, what complications and side effects were observed, perhaps not stated by the manufacturer in the annotation. Analogues of Cefotaxime in the presence of existing structural analogues. Use for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases in adults, children, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. Dilution (with water or novocaine) and the effect of the antibiotic.

Cefotaxime- cephalosporin antibiotic of the 3rd generation with a wide spectrum of action. It has a bactericidal effect by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. The mechanism of action is due to acetylation of membrane-bound transpeptidases and disruption of peptidoglycan cross-linking, which is necessary to ensure the strength and rigidity of the cell wall.

Highly active against gram-negative bacteria (resistant to other antibiotics): Escherichia coli ( coli), Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis (Proteus), Providencia spp., Klebsiella spp. (klebsiella), Serratia spp., some strains of Pseudomonas spp., Haemophilus influenzae.

Less active against Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pneumoniae) (streptococcus), Staphylococcus spp. (staphylococcus), Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bacteroides spp.

Resistant to most beta-lactamases.

Pharmacokinetics

Rapidly absorbed from the injection site. Plasma protein binding is 40%. Widely distributed in tissues and body fluids. Reaches therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, especially in meningitis. Penetrates the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk. low concentrations. 40-60% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine after 24 hours, 20% in the form of metabolites.

Indications

Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by sensitive microorganisms, including:

central nervous system infections (meningitis);
infections of the respiratory tract and ENT organs;
urinary tract infections;
bone and joint infections;
skin and soft tissue infections;
pelvic organ infections;
abdominal infections;
peritonitis;
sepsis;
endocarditis;
gonorrhea;
infected wounds and burns;
salmonellosis;
Lyme disease;
infections due to immunodeficiency;
prevention of infections after surgical operations (including urological, obstetric and gynecological, on the gastrointestinal tract).

Release forms

Powder for the preparation of a solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration (injections in ampoules for injection) 250 mg, 500 mg and 1 gram of powder for dilution in water for injection or novocaine.

Instructions for use and dosage

The drug is administered intravenously (stream or drip (in a dropper) and intramuscularly.

For uncomplicated infections, as well as for urinary tract infections - 1 g IM or IV every 8-12 hours.

For uncomplicated acute gonorrhea - intramuscularly in a dose of 1 g once.

For moderate infections - 1-2 g intramuscularly or intravenously every 12 hours.

For severe infections, for example, meningitis - IV 2 g every 4-8 hours, maximum daily dose -12 g. The duration of treatment is determined individually.

In order to prevent the development of infections before surgery, it is administered during induction of anesthesia in a single dose of 1 g. If necessary, the administration is repeated after 6-12 hours.

For caesarean section - at the moment of applying clamps to the umbilical vein - intravenously at a dose of 1 g, then 6 and 12 hours after the first dose - an additional 1 g.

Premature and newborns under 1 week of age - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 12 hours; at the age of 1-4 weeks - IV at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 hours. Children weighing ≤50 kg - IV or IM (children over 2.5 years old) 50-180 mg/kg IV 4-6 injections.

In case of severe infections (including meningitis), the daily dose when prescribed to children is increased to 100-200 mg/kg, IM or IV for 4-6 injections, the maximum daily dose is 12 g.

Rules for preparing injection solutions

For intravenous injection: 1 g of the drug is diluted in 4 ml of sterile water for injection; the drug is administered slowly over 3-5 minutes.

For intravenous infusion: 1-2 g of the drug is diluted in 50-100 ml of solvent. The solvent used is 0.9% sodium chloride solution or 5% dextrose (glucose) solution. Duration of infusion - 50 - 60 minutes.

For intramuscular administration: 1 g is dissolved in 4 ml of solvent. Water for injection or a 1% solution of lidocaine (novocaine) is used as a solvent.

Side effect

headache;
dizziness;
renal dysfunction;
oliguria;
nausea, vomiting;
diarrhea or constipation;
flatulence;
abdominal pain;
dysbacteriosis;
stomatitis;
glossitis;
pseudomembranous enterocolitis;
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis;
potentially life-threatening arrhythmias following rapid central venous bolus administration;
increased concentration of urea in the blood;
positive Coombs reaction;
phlebitis;
pain along the vein;
pain and infiltration at the site of intramuscular injection;
hives;
chills or fever;
rash;
skin itching;
bronchospasm;
eosinophilia;
anaphylactic shock;
superinfection (vaginal and oral candidiasis).

Contraindications

pregnancy;
children up to 2.5 years of age (for intramuscular administration), with caution in newborns;
hypersensitivity (including to penicillins, other cephalosporins, carbapenems).

Use during pregnancy and breastfeeding

Use in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and lactation is possible only in cases where the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus or infant.

It should be borne in mind that after intravenous administration of cefotaxime at a dose of 1 g after 2-3 hours, the maximum concentration of the active substance in breast milk averages 0.32 mcg/ml. At this concentration it is possible bad influence on the child’s oropharyngeal flora.

IN experimental studies No teratogenic or embryotoxic effects of cefotaxime were detected in animals.

Use in children

Use cefotaxime with caution in newborns.

special instructions

Patients with a history of allergic reactions to penicillins may have increased sensitivity to cephalosporin antibiotics.

When treating with the drug for more than 10 days, monitoring of the peripheral blood picture is necessary.

During treatment with cefotaxime, it is possible to obtain a false-positive Coombs test and a false-positive urine test for glucose.

During treatment, you should not drink alcohol, since effects similar to those of disulfiram are possible (facial hyperemia, spasms in the abdomen and stomach, nausea, vomiting, headache, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, shortness of breath).

Drug interactions

Cefotaxime increases the risk of bleeding when combined with antiplatelet agents and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

The risk of kidney damage increases with simultaneous use of aminoglycosides, polymyxin B and loop diuretics.

Drugs that block tubular secretion increase plasma concentrations of cefotaxime and slow down its elimination.

Pharmaceutical interactions

Pharmaceutically incompatible with solutions of other antibiotics in the same syringe or dropper.

Analogues of the drug Cefotaxime

Structural analogues of the active substance:

Intrataxim;
Kefotex;
Clafobrine;
Claforan;
Clafotaxime;
Liforan;
Oritax;
Oritaxim;
Resibelacta;
Spirosine;
Tax-o-bid;
Talcephus;
Tarcefoxime;
Tirotax;
Cetax;
Cephabol;
Cefantral;
Cefosin;
Cefotaxime Lek;
Cefotaxime sodium;
Cefotaxime Sandoz;
Cefotaxime Vial;
Cefotaxime sodium salt.

If there are no analogues of the drug for the active substance, you can follow the links below to the diseases for which the corresponding drug helps and look at the available analogues for the therapeutic effect.

It is no secret that semi-synthetic antibiotics have a wide spectrum of action. Such drugs are used to treat various inflammatory and infectious diseases. But before prescribing such a medication, the doctor must recommend that the patient undergo medical examination. This is the only way to understand which antibiotic will be effective in treating a particular disease.

Cefotaxime injections are actively used to treat the genitourinary system, as well as the respiratory tract. Peculiarities this drug, its contraindications, dosage and method of administration we will consider a little further.

Composition, description, form and packaging of the medicine

What ingredients does Cefotaxime contain? Injections (for children, the dosage of this drug is set at individually) include an active substance such as cefotaxime (sodium salt).

The drug itself is a white or yellowish powder, which is used to prepare a solution intended for intravenous or intramuscular injection.

The medicine can be purchased in glass bottles, packaged in cardboard packaging.

Pharmacological properties

Do you know what the drug Cefotaxime is? The instructions for use (injections for children are not an easy test, but what to do if such a need is ripe?) states that the drug is prescribed to young patients with extreme caution, because it is a semi-synthetic antibiotic. Its active substance is classified as a third generation cephalosporin.

The medication is used parenterally. It is active against gram-positive flora, as well as gram-negative microorganisms that are highly resistant to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and penicillin.

The principle of the antimicrobial action of this drug is based on its ability to suppress transpeptidase activity. This happens by blocking peptidoglycan.

Kinetic features of the drug

How is Cefotaxime absorbed? The abstract (injections are the only form of the drug mentioned) indicates that after intramuscular administration, the highest concentration of the drug in the blood is observed after 35 minutes. Approximately 27-40% of the active substance binds to plasma proteins.

The bactericidal effect of the drug lasts for 12 hours. The drug is found in gallbladder, myocardium, bone and soft tissues.

It should also be noted that the active component of this drug is able to penetrate the placenta, and can also be detected in pleural, peritoneal, synovial, cerebrospinal and pericardial fluids.

About 90% of the drug is excreted in the urine.

When administered intramuscularly, the half-life of the drug is 60-90 minutes, and when administered intravenously – 1 hour. Partially the active ingredient is excreted along with bile. There is no accumulation of the drug.

Indications for use

For what diseases should the antibiotic Cefotaxime be used? Instructions for use (injections, the price of which is indicated below, should be prescribed only by a doctor) states that this medication is indicated in the presence of infectious diseases.

It is very often used for the following pathologies of the respiratory system:

pneumonia;
pleurisy;
abscesses;
bronchitis.

Also, the remedy in question is effective for:

bacterial meningitis;
endocarditis;
postoperative complications;
septicemia;
infections of soft tissues and bones;
Lyme disease;
diseases of the urinary tract, throat, ear, nose, kidneys;
infections of joints and bones;
abdominal infections;
infections that occur against the background of immunodeficiency.

It should also be noted that Cefotaxime injections are often prescribed to prevent infections that develop after surgical interventions (including urological, obstetric-gynecological, gastrointestinal, etc.).

Contraindications to the use of the drug

We will tell you how to dilute the Cefotaxime injection below. It should be noted that this tool not a very long list of contraindications. According to the instructions, this medication is not prescribed for:

bleeding;
pregnancy;
individual hypersensitivity to the active ingredient;
enterocolitis (including history).

Is it possible to administer Cefotaxime solution to a child? Injections for children (reviews of the effectiveness of the mentioned medicine will be presented at the end of the article) are allowed only when the patient reaches the age of 2.5 years (for intramuscular administration).

With extreme caution, the medication is prescribed to newborn babies, during breastfeeding (since the drug is excreted in small quantities in breast milk), as well as in the presence of chronic renal failure and UC (including history).

In case of pathology of the renal and hepatic systems, the patient needs to undergo additional medical examination in order to obtain a conclusion about the absence of contraindications to antibiotic therapy.

The drug "Cefotaxime": instructions for use (injections)

How to dilute the powder correctly? To answer this question, please refer to the attached instructions. It describes detailed methods for preparing injection solutions.

So, for intravenous administration (injection) of the drug, 1 g of powder is diluted with 4 ml of water for injection (sterile). The finished medication is administered slowly over 4-7 minutes.

For intravenous infusion, 1-2 g of powder is diluted with 50 or 100 ml of solvent. It is used as a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride or a 5% solution of glucose (dextrose). The duration of such administration is 55-65 minutes.

For intramuscular administration of the drug, 1 g of powder is dissolved in 4 ml of solvent. It is used as water for injection or a 1% solution of lidocaine.

Thus, the drug in question can be administered intravenously by drip or infusion, as well as intramuscularly.

The medication is usually prescribed to adult patients, as well as adolescents over 12 years of age with a body weight of more than 50 kg. At urgent need it is used to treat young children.

Drug dosage

Now you know how to dilute Cefotaxime injections. But what is their dosage? It depends on the indications and severity of the disease.

For urinary tract infections, as well as for uncomplicated infections, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly, 1 g every 9-12 hours.

For infections medium degree severity - 1-2 g every 12 hours.

For uncomplicated acute gonorrhea, the medication is prescribed intramuscularly in a dosage of 1 g (single dose).

For severe infection (for example, meningitis), the drug is used intravenously, 2 g every 6-9 hours. Maximum dose per day is 12 g. The duration of therapy is determined individually.

To prevent the development of infectious diseases before surgical intervention During induction anesthesia, the patient is given a single dose of 1 g of Cefotaxime. If required, the injection is repeated after 6-12 hours.

During a caesarean section, during the process of applying clamps to the umbilical vein, the drug is administered intravenously in an amount of 1 g. Then, after 6-12 hours, an additional injection is given in the same dose.

Instructions for children

If necessary, Cefotaxime injections are prescribed intravenously to newborns, as well as premature infants under one week of age, in the amount of 50 mg per kg of body weight every 12 hours. At the age of 1-4 weeks, the drug is administered in the same dose, but every 9 hours.

For children over 2.5 years old with a body weight of less than 50 kg, the medication is prescribed intramuscularly or intravenously in the amount of 50-180 mg per kg of weight (in 4 or 6 injections).

For severe infectious diseases, including meningitis, daily dosage the drug is increased to 100-200 mg per kg. In this case, injections are carried out intramuscularly or intravenously 4-6 times a day. The maximum dose of the drug per day is 12 g.

Side effects

While using the drug Cefotaxime, patients may develop local reactions such as:

pain during intramuscular injection;
phlebitis developing during intravenous infusion.

The following undesirable effects may also occur:

cholestatic jaundice, pseudomembranous colitis;
hepatitis, nausea, hypoprothrombinemia;
increased ALT, AST, hemolytic anemia;
diarrhea syndrome, decreased platelet count;
vomiting, neutropenia.

In rare cases, allergic responses are possible (increased number of eosinophils, Quincke's edema and skin itching), as well as interstitial nephritis and candidiasis.

When watching others negative effects requires the help of a doctor and independent withdrawal of the medication.

Price and analogues of antibiotics

The cost of the drug in question depends on the network’s markup and sales region. On average, ampoules-bottles (5 pieces of 1 g each) can be bought for 160-170 rubles.

If necessary, this medication can be replaced with such by similar means, like "Klaforan", "Cephabol" and "Cefosin".

However, it should immediately be noted that these medications can only be used after consulting a doctor.

Reviews about the antibiotic agent

IN pediatric practice this medication is often prescribed as antimicrobial agent. As a rule, this is done in cases where other antibiotics do not provide a positive therapeutic effect.

Consumer reviews of Cefotaxime injections are more positive. Patient reports confirm its high antimicrobial effectiveness. However, you can also find responses that directly indicate the presence large quantity negative reactions observed after treatment (bloating, dysbacteriosis, colic, etc.).

Cefotaxime is an antibacterial drug belonging to the group of third-generation cephalosporins. The medicine has a bactericidal mechanism of action on pathogenic microorganisms and a wide spectrum of activity. The release form is parenteral, that is, cefotaxime analogs are not produced in tablets. The antibiotic is administered exclusively intravenously or intramuscularly.

Cefotaxime instructions for use injections

The maximum concentration of the antibiotic in the blood plasma is achieved half an hour after intramuscular administration. When administered intravenously, maximum plasma levels are achieved within five minutes. Cefotaxime has good binding to plasma proteins and provides an effective antibacterial concentration for twelve hours. Also, it accumulates well in inflamed tissue and organ structures (heart muscle, bone tissue, gall bladder, skin, subcutaneous fat). Significant therapeutic values are also determined in body fluids; in particular, the antibiotic penetrates into the cerebrospinal, pericardial, pleural, peritoneal and synovial fluids.

Given the ability of the antibiotic to cross the placenta barrier, as well as be excreted in breast milk, Cefotaxime during pregnancy and breastfeeding can be prescribed only when absolutely necessary, when there is no safer alternative. Breastfeeding must be stopped during therapy.

Pharmacological group of the drug

The pharmacological group of the drug is antibiotics.

Group of antibiotics: Cefotaxime belongs to the 3rd generation parenteral cephalosporins.

Composition and release form of the drug

The active substance is cefotaxime.

The drug is used only by injection. In tablets, capsules, syrups, etc. Cefotaxime is not available, and there is no suspension for children either!

The solution is sold in bottles with lyophilisate (powder for making an injection solution) containing five hundred, 1000 and 2000 milligrams of antibiotic in the form of Na salt. The prepared solution is administered intravenously or intramuscularly.

Cefotaxime Photos

Cefotaxime recipe in Latin

Rp.:Cefotaximi1.0.

D.t.d No. 12 in flac.

Spectrum of antimicrobial activity

Cefotaxime is active against bacteria resistant to aminoglycosides, penicillins, and sulfonamides.

Compared to the first and second generation cephalosporins, Cefotaxime is less active against gramcocci.

Listeria, group D streptococci, and staphylococci that are resistant to methicillin are resistant to the antibiotic.

Which is better: Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone?

Both drugs belong to the third generation of cephalosporins and have a similar mechanism of action and spectrum of antimicrobial activity.

Also, both Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime have only a parenteral release form, that is, they are used exclusively intravenously or intramuscularly.

Indications and contraindications for use

The drug is successfully prescribed for infections of varying severity, affecting:

ENT organs;
breath paths (upper and lower);
urinary and reproductive system;
abdominal organs (including with the development of peritonitis);
skin and fatty acids;
musculoskeletal system.

Also, the antibiotic is prescribed for severe septicemia, bacteremia, meningitis (with the exception of meningitis caused by Listeria) and other infections of the central nervous system.

Cefotaxime can be used in the treatment of:

complicated and uncomplicated forms of gonorrhea;
chlamydia;
Lyme disease;
endocarditis;
salmonellosis;
purulent-inflammatory diseases against the background of immunodeficiency states;
severe gynecological infections (including septic abortions).

In surgery it is used for prophylactic purposes, to prevent the development of septic complications.

The medicine is contraindicated in persons with individual intolerance to B-lactam drugs, bleeding, if the patient has ulcerative colitis, severe heart failure, or AV block.

Despite the fact that cephalosporins are on the list of antibiotics approved for use during pregnancy, cefotaxime should only be used when absolutely necessary, in the absence of a safer alternative.

Cefotaxime is not prescribed during breastfeeding. If it is necessary to use it in lactating women, breastfeeding is stopped for the entire period of treatment.

Age restrictions must also be taken into account. The medicine can be administered intravenously from the first days of life, but intramuscular use is allowed only from 2.5 years.

Can be used with caution to treat patients with chronic renal failure (CKD).

When administered intramuscularly, an additional contraindication is an allergy to lidocaine.

Dosage of Cefotaxime injections

Cefotaxime can be used intravenously from the first days of life. Intramuscular administration is allowed for children over 2.5 years old.

For adult patients and children weighing more than 50 kilograms, the antibiotic is prescribed in a standard dose of 1000 mg twice a day. The prescribed dosages are adjusted according to the severity of the patient's condition. If necessary, the drug can be administered up to 6 times a day. The maximum daily dose is twelve grams.

Patients with an uncomplicated form of gonorrhea are administered 1000 mg once, intramuscularly. For women, repeated administration is recommended after twelve hours.

For infectious and inflammatory processes localized in the urinary tract, it is necessary to prescribe 1000 mg 2-3 times a day.

For the treatment of infectious diseases with a moderate course, it is necessary to administer 1-2 grams of the drug twice a day.

Cefotaxime for bronchitis in children weighing more than fifty kilograms is prescribed one thousand mg twice a day.

For severe infections (for example, meningitis), the dosage of Cefotaxime is 2 grams, every four to eight hours. Exceeding the daily dose of 12 grams is prohibited.

The duration of treatment with Cefotaxime depends on the severity of the disease; the minimum duration of drug therapy is seven days (with the exception of uncomplicated gonorrhea).

For women who are indicated for delivery by cesarean section, 1000 mg of the drug is administered intravenously at the moment when a clamp is applied to the umbilical vein. Repeated administration of 1 gram of the drug - after six to twelve hours.

Cefotaxime for angina is prescribed in a course lasting from a week to 10 days.

Dose of Cefotaxime for newborns and premature infants

Cefotaxime 50 mg/kg/day for a child, divided into two doses, is prescribed until the 1st week of life. The drug is also prescribed to premature babies.

From one week to a full month of life, use from fifty to one hundred mg/kg per day, divided into three administrations.

Dose for patients with renal failure

Taking into account the fact that the drug is eliminated from the body in the urine, for persons with severe renal dysfunction, the dosage is reduced in accordance with creatinine clearance.

If clearance is less than 20 milliliters per minute, it is necessary to reduce the daily dose by half.

How to dilute an antibiotic?

If the drug is prescribed by drip, then one gram of lyophilisate is diluted with fifty milliliters of saline (preferred) or five percent glucose. The duration of the infusion is about an hour.

You can also dilute 1 gram of powder with two milliliters of solution for injection and add 2 ml of lidocaine (1%).

How to dilute Cefotaxime with novocaine?

Instructions for use of Cefotaxime also contain information that intramuscular injections are made with lidocaine or injection solution.

As a rule, novocaine is prescribed to adults and patients over twelve years of age who have contraindications to the use of lidocaine.

In this case, use 4 milliliters of 0.5% novocaine solution per 1 gram of antibiotic. The resulting solution is also injected into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal muscle.

It is important to remember that administering an antibiotic diluted with lidocaine or novocaine into a vein is strictly prohibited!

Side effects of Cefotaxime

The most common complications are gastrointestinal disorders and allergies. Other violations are rare.

Women may develop thrush after treatment.

Allergic reactions can vary in severity from urticaria or skin itching to angioedema, toxic epidermal necrolysis, anaphylactic reactions, etc.

The hepatobiliary system can react with hepatitis, acute liver failure, bile stagnation, jaundice, etc.

There may also be changes in blood tests. A decrease in the number of neutrophils, leukocytes, agranulocytes, and an increase in the number of eosinophils may be observed. In biochemical analysis, liver transaminases may increase.

Hemolytic anemia and hypocoagulation develop extremely rarely.

Sometimes patients complain of headaches, increased fatigue and drowsiness. In isolated cases, convulsions and reversible encephalopathy are possible.

At the injection site, pain, redness, tissue infiltration (with intramuscular injection) or phlebitis (with intravenous injection) are possible.

Cefotaxime during pregnancy

That is, the drug can be prescribed to pregnant women if necessary, in cases where there is no safer alternative.

In a study in pregnant rats, the antibiotic was not found to be teratogenic or mutagenic, but there are no reliable data from controlled studies in humans.

In this regard, antibiotics can be prescribed to pregnant women, after a very careful balance of risk and benefit.

Cefotaxime and alcohol - compatibility

The cephalosporin group of antibiotics is not compatible with alcohol. This combination can lead to the development of disulfiram-like reactions. They can manifest themselves as uncontrollable vomiting, tachycardia, rhythm disturbances, feelings of fear, mental disorders, tinnitus, and a sharp drop in blood pressure (even to the point of collapse). In severe cases, death is possible due to toxic damage to the liver and nervous system.

Cefotaxime analogues

The product can be produced under the trade names:

Claforan;
Clafotaxime;
Cefotaxime produced by Biokhimik Saransk;
Razibelakta;
Cephabol;
Cefotaxime, Lecco;
Liforan;
Intrataxim;
Duatax;
Cefotaxime, Biosynthesis;
Taksim;
Cephajet.

Cefotaxime - reviews from doctors

The antibiotic is highly effective against a wide range of pathogens, can be prescribed from the first days of life and has a wide range of dosages, allowing them to be effectively adjusted according to the severity of the disease.

In their reviews, many patients speak positively about the drug, noting the rapid effect of using Cefotaxime.

Article prepared
Infectious disease doctor A. L. Chernenko

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Cefatoxime injections - reviews.

Cefotaxime is an antibiotic, 3rd generation cephalosporin.

It so happened that my child fell ill with mononucleosis and penicillin antibiotics were simply contraindicated for him.

And the doctor warned me to always tell doctors about mononucleosis in a child and that she agrees to treat the child only with cephalosporins (cefotaxime, just from this very series). And we were always prescribed cephalosporins.

Cefotaxime- this is a powder that needs to be diluted with 2% lidocaine or novocaine and administered intramuscularly.

It so happened that we had to treat otitis with antibiotics; simple otipax no longer helped the child and he could not even sleep peacefully due to the pain in his ears.

The doctor prescribed us cefotaquim injections for 5 days, injecting every 12 hours, that is, 2 times a day, asking: “Do you know how to inject?”

Yes, I once injected my father, after all, I took an exam at a pedagogical university in medicine, I know how to inject.

I also had to give my son the injections myself, though with ready-made open ammonia on the table for me, just in case.

After all, the mother and husband were holding the baby, and he was screaming incredibly, he already knew because after the first injection of cefotaxime that he was sore.

And I heard him burst into tears... the first time I almost lost consciousness, but managed to administer the medicine.

Otitis media, cured. Thanks to cefotaxime!

Often, most diseases have to be treated with antibacterial drugs. One of them is Cefotaxime. The medication is available in the form of a powder that must be diluted.

Action of Cefotaxime

Cefotaxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that belongs to the group of 3rd generation cephalosporins. The medication has an antibacterial mechanism of action on pathogenic microorganisms. Effective against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria resistant to penicillin, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides.

The mechanism of the antimicrobial action of the drug is associated with inhibition of the activity of the transpeptidase enzyme, blockade of peptidoglycan and destruction of the mucopeptide of the cell wall of microorganisms. The drug is administered only intravenously or intramuscularly.

Cefotaxime during lactation (breastfeeding, breastfeeding): compatibility, dosage, elimination period

Dilution of antibiotics

LIDOCAINE, local anesthetic, instructions, mechanism of action, side effects

The antibacterial agent accumulates well in the tissues in which inflammatory processes. It is also concentrated in the heart muscle, subcutaneous fatty tissue, gall bladder and skin. Easily penetrates into the cerebrospinal, pleural and synovial fluids. The medication causes almost no damage to the liver. Excreted 90% in urine.

Action of Lidocaine

The drug has local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic effects. It is used for conduction, infiltration and terminal anesthesia. The anesthetic effect occurs due to inhibition of nerve conduction, due to the blockade of sodium channels in nerve fibers and endings.

The antiarrhythmic effect is due to the ability of the drug to increase the permeability of membranes to potassium, block sodium channels and stabilize cell membranes.

Can I take it at the same time?

Since Cefotaxime injections are very painful, it is recommended to mix the drug with lidocaine to dull the pain.

How to dilute Cefotaxime with lidocaine?

The drugs are diluted only for intramuscular injections in the following proportion: 0.5 g of Cefotaxime per 2 ml of 1% lidocaine solution. For a dose of 1 g you will need 4 ml of anesthetic liquid. You can also dilute 1 g of Cefotaxime in powder form with water for injection (2 ml) and 2 ml of lidocaine (1%).

An anesthetic liquid is injected into the antibiotic bottle using a syringe. After this, the bottle of antibiotic is thoroughly shaken so that all the ingredients are mixed until smooth.

Mode of application

Before administering the drug, it is necessary to do a skin test for sensitivity to the antibiotic and lidocaine.

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Dosage regimen:

For adults, a single dose is 1 g every 12 hours. If necessary, the doctor can increase the dosage to 2 g every 12 hours or increase the number of injections to 3-4 times a day. The maximum daily dose is 12 g.
In case of impaired renal function, half the dosage is administered.
In the presence of acute gonorrhea, the medication should be administered once in a dose of 0.5-1 g.
Children weighing up to 50 kg (over 2.5 years) are prescribed a dosage of 50-180 mg/kg in 4-6 administrations. In difficult situations, 100-200 mg of the substance per 1 kg of weight is prescribed. The maximum daily volume is 12 g.

The solution is injected slowly and deeply into the gluteal muscle. After completing the manipulation, it is necessary to massage the injection site with alcohol-preserved cotton wool to prevent the formation of a lump. The solution cannot be prepared for future use. The course of treatment is determined individually.

After starting treatment, you may experience prolonged diarrhea. In this case, it is necessary to stop therapy with this drug.

Contraindications to the use of Cefotaxime and Lidocaine

It is forbidden to give injections when following states and pathologies:

individual intolerance to Cefotaxime or Lidocaine;
the appearance of allergies;
1st and 4th trimesters of pregnancy;
lactation period;
presence of bleeding;
enterocolitis;
acute colitis;
children's age up to 2.5 years.

Injections should be prescribed with caution to people suffering from impaired liver and kidney function.

Side effects of Cefotaxime and Lidocaine

During treatment, negative manifestations may occur such as:

allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, fever, Quincke's edema;
vomit;
nausea;
pain in the abdominal cavity;
intestinal disorder;
jaundice;
colitis;
changes in blood composition;
migraine;
soreness and hardness at the injection site;
interstitial nephritis;
hemolytic anemia.

If side effects occur, you should consult your doctor.

Since the discovery of penicillin by Fleming, antibiotics have become part of the practice of medical practitioners. The range of antibacterial drugs used today is enormous.

Cefotaxime is a fairly widely used antibiotic in both children and adults. It is worth understanding what its features are, as well as all the variety of analogues.

Read about Cefotaxime and its analogues, their brief instructions by application, prices and comparisons with the original according to patient reviews below.

Composition and release form

Cefatoxime – third generation cephalosporin, has bactericidal properties.

The drug is available in the form of a powder - lyophilisate, which must be dissolved before use. Packaged in glass bottles with a sealed cap, 250, 500 and 1000 mg.

Properties

Has a wide spectrum of action, especially in relation to microorganisms with a developed cell wall (the so-called gram-negatives). These properties of the drug allow it to be used in the treatment of the following infections:

respiratory diseases (ENT - infections, pneumonia, bronchitis);
osteomyelitis, inflammation of soft tissues - cellulite, phlegmon, hidradenitis and others;
inflammatory diseases of the pelvis and abdominal cavity;
pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis (also of gonorrheal etiology);
burn and wound infection;
can be used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the nervous system, as it penetrates well through the BBB.

How is the drug used?

After adding a solvent (water for injection) to the vial, it is injected into the muscle or intravenously. Sometimes lidocaine solution is used for dilution (intramuscular injection only!).

The standard dosage of the drug for adult patients is 1 gram every 8 to 12 hours. In case of severe infection, the daily dose can reach 12 grams, and the frequency of administration can be up to 4 times a day.

The dosage of the drug in children under 12 years of age is 50–100 mg/kg per day, divided into 3–4 administrations. For children under two and a half years of age, according to the instructions for use, it is recommended only intravenous route use of Cefotaxime.

Impaired renal function implies a reduction in daily doses of antibiotics.

Contraindications for use

Possible side effects

Local reactions: swelling, hyperemia, itching, phlebitis (inflammation of the vein), burning sensation upon injection.
Allergic reactions: generalized skin itching, urticaria, angioedema.
With rapid intravenous administration: hypotension, syncope, vomiting.
From the hematopoietic organs (extremely rare): thrombocytopenia, transient eosinophilia, agranulocytosis.
From the liver: increased activity of liver enzymes - AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase.

The price of a bottle of the drug (1 gram) is about 25–30 rubles.

Analogues of Cefotaxime in injections

On Russian market presented many brands, which produce the antibiotic cefatoxime in injections. The price range for analogues is also wide; sometimes the cost of 1 gram of the drug differs tenfold. We will consider the most common of them below.

Claforan

Production of the drug Sanofi - Avensis (France). Available in 1 gram bottles.

The instructions do not prohibit the use of Claforan for children from the first days of life.

The price of the bottle is about 170 rubles.

Cephosin

Analogue Russian production. Bottles of 1 gram. Like Claforan, it is suitable for use in newborns, including premature babies.

The cost of a bottle is from 21 rubles.

Cefantral

Manufacturer: Indian pharmaceutical company Lupine Laboratories. A fairly convenient synonym for Cefotaxime, since There are dosages not only of 1000 mg, but also of 250 and 500 mg of cefotaxime sodium salt. The price per unit of goods is from 16 rubles.

Cefotaxime

The drug cefotaxime is produced in Belarus (Belmedpreparaty RUP), available in 1 gram bottles. It is also distinguished by its low price - about 17 rubles per unit.

What tablets can replace Cefotaxime?

The line of cephalosporin antibiotics also includes oral forms (tablets, suspensions). This makes them more preferable for appointment in outpatient setting, as well as in pediatric patients (there is no risk of injury, pain is eliminated).

There are no oral forms of cefotaxime, since this antibiotic intended for intravenous and intramuscular administration only.

Pantsef

The active ingredient is the antibiotic cefixime, a third generation cephalosporin. Available in the form of an oral suspension and film-coated tablets.

Antibacterial activity is similar to cefotaxime. Administration to children over 6 months is allowed. The cost of a package of N10 tablets is 710 rubles, a bottle of suspension is about 450 rubles.

Suprax

Produced in Indian pharmaceutical company. Active component is also cefixime.

The line includes tablets and granules for preparing a solution. This analogue cannot be used to treat a child before he or she is six months old. .

Price range for various shapes Supraxa - from 700 to 900 rubles per unit of goods.

Ixim Lupine

Powder for preparing a suspension, package 25 grams. Has a strawberry flavor. Can be prescribed to children older than six months. Active substance is cefixime. Cost – 470 rubles.

Zinnat

One of the second generation oral cephalosporins is cefuroxime axetil. Produced by the pharmacological company GlaxoSmithKline (UK) in the form of tablets and suspensions for oral administration.

The spectrum of activity is very similar to cefotaxime. This analogue in tablets can be used to treat children. The cost of a bottle of suspension is 300 rubles. Packaging of Zinnat N10 tablets – 250 rubles.

Axoseph

The drug cefuroxime is available in tablets of 500 mg. Intended for use in adults. The cost of packaging in online pharmacies is about 520 rubles.

Which drug is better?

The selection of a specific antibiotic is individual and depends on many factors - the patient’s age, concomitant diseases, and the specific causative agent of the disease. Therefore, it is impossible to give a definite answer.

It is also worth considering the method of administration of the drug - injectable drugs are traditionally preferred for more severe infections, Also important is the need to correctly administer the antibiotic solution to the patient, in compliance with the rules of antiseptics.

Oral forms of medication are preferred for home use. They do not require the presence of qualified personnel nearby, there is no danger of local reactions as with injections.

Cefotaxime analogues in tablets are more often used to treat children, but their use requires special attention from parents. Prescribed dosages must be strictly followed to avoid reactions.