Are calcium gluconate tablets safe? Calcium gluconate for the treatment of children

Active ingredient: Calcium gluconate

1 ml of solution for injection contains 100 mg of calcium gluconate;

1 tablet contains 0.5 g of calcium gluconate.

Calcium gluconate release form

Solution for injection, 100 mg/ml, 5 ml or 10 ml in ampoules No. 5, No. 10.

Tablets of 0.5 g No. 10 in strips, blisters.

Who is Calcium gluconate indicated for?

Solution. Lack of function parathyroid glands, increased excretion of calcium from the body (particularly with prolonged dehydration), as aid for allergic diseases (serum sickness, urticaria, angioedema) And allergic complications drug therapy, to reduce vascular permeability during pathological processes of various origins(exudative phase inflammatory process, hemorrhagic vasculitis, radiation sickness), with parenchymal hepatitis, toxic liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, hyperkalemia, hyperkalemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia, with skin diseases(itching, eczema, psoriasis), as a hemostatic agent, and also as an antidote for poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic acid or its soluble salts, soluble fluoric acid salts.

Pills. Diseases accompanied by hypocalcemia, increased permeability cell membranes, disruption of the conduction of nerve impulses in muscle tissue. Hypoparathyroidism (latent tetany), vitamin D metabolism disorders (rickets, spasmophilia, osteomalacia), hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Increased need for calcium (period of intensive growth of children and adolescents, pregnancy or breastfeeding), insufficient Ca2+ content in food, disturbance of its metabolism in the postmenopausal period, bone fractures. Increased Ca2+ excretion (long-term bed rest, chronic diarrhea, hypocalcemia with long-term use of diuretics, antiepileptic drugs, corticosteroids). IN complex therapy: bleeding of various etiologies, allergic diseases (serum sickness, urticaria, febrile syndrome, itchy dermatoses, angioedema); bronchial asthma, dystrophic alimentary edema, pulmonary tuberculosis, eclampsia, parenchymal hepatitis, toxic lesions liver, nephritis. As an antidote for poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic acid, soluble salts of fluoric acid (when interacting with calcium gluconate, insoluble and non-toxic calcium oxalate and calcium fluoride are formed).

How to use Calcium gluconate

Solution. 5-10 ml are administered intravenously and intramuscularly, depending on the nature of the disease and the patient’s condition - daily, every other day or every 2 days.

It is not recommended to administer the drug intramuscularly to children due to the possibility of necrosis. Intravenously, depending on age, calcium gluconate solution is administered in the following doses: up to 6 months - 0.1-1 ml, at 7-12 months - 1-1.5 ml, at 1-3 years - 1.5-2 ml, at 4-6 years old - 2-2.5 ml, at 7-14 years old 3-5 ml. The ampoule with the solution is warmed to body temperature before administration. For adults and children, the solution is administered slowly over 2-3 minutes.

Features of application

The drug is warmed to body temperature before administration. For adults and children, the solution is administered slowly over 2-3 minutes. The use of the drug in pregnant women and during breastfeeding is not contraindicated in therapeutic doses. Data on adverse effects of the drug on ability to drive vehicles and mechanisms are missing.

Pills. Prescribed orally, before meals. The tablet must be chewed or crushed.

For adults and children over 14 years of age, the drug is prescribed in a single dose of 1-3 g (2-6 tablets), for children from 3 to 4 years old - 1 g (2 tablets), from 5 to 6 years old - 1-1.5 g ( 2-3 tablets), from 7 to 9 years - 1.5-2 g (3-4 tablets), from 10 to 14 years - 2-3 g (4-6 tablets) 2-3 times a day.

The daily dose for elderly patients should not exceed 2 g (4 tablets).

The duration of treatment is determined individually, depending on the patient’s condition.

Proper safety precautions for use

When used in patients receiving cardiac glycosides and/or diuretics, as well as when long-term treatment the concentration of calcium and creatinine in the blood should be monitored. If their concentration increases, the dose of the drug should be reduced or temporarily stopped. Due to the fact that vitamin D3 increases the absorption of calcium from gastrointestinal tract To avoid calcium overdose, it is necessary to take into account the intake of vitamin D3 and calcium from other sources.

With caution and with regular monitoring of the level of urinary calcium excretion, it is prescribed to patients with moderate hypercalciuria exceeding 300 mg/day. (7.5 mmol/day), mild pronounced violations kidney function, urolithiasis in the anamnesis. If necessary, reduce the dose of the drug or discontinue it. Patients with a tendency to form stones in urinary tract During treatment, it is recommended to increase the volume of fluid consumed.

When treating with the drug, you should avoid taking high doses of vitamin D or its derivatives, unless there are special indications for this.

An interval of at least 3 hours should be maintained between taking calcium gluconate tablets and oral medications such as estramustine, etidronate and other bisphosphonates, phenytoin, quinolones, tetracycline antibiotics, oral iron supplements, and fluoride supplements.

Special Cautions

Use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The use of the drug is permissible taking into account the ratio of benefit to the woman/risk to the fetus (child), which is determined by the doctor.

When taking calcium supplements during breastfeeding, it may pass into breast milk.

The drug does not affect the reaction rate when driving vehicles or operating machinery.

Children. The drug is used for children from 3 years of age.

Side effects of Calcium gluconate

Sometimes violations are possible:

from the digestive tract: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, long-term use in high doses - the formation of calcium stones in the intestines;

from the outside of cardio-vascular system: bradycardia;

from the metabolic side: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria;

from the urinary system: impaired renal function (increased urination, swelling of the lower extremities).

These phenomena quickly disappear after reducing the dose or discontinuing the drug.

Who is contraindicated for calcium gluconate?

Hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, hypercalcemia, severe hypercalciuria, hypercoagulation, tendency to thrombus formation, severe atherosclerosis, increased coagulability blood, nephrourolithiasis (calcium), severe renal failure, sarcoidosis, taking digitalis drugs, children under 3 years of age.

Interactions Calcium gluconate

Solution

Before filling a syringe with a solution of calcium gluconate, the latter should not contain any residues of ethyl alcohol (precipitation of the gluconate). It is not recommended to prescribe simultaneously with other calcium preparations. Intravenous administration of calcium gluconate before and after taking verapamil reduces it hypotensive effect, but does not affect its antiarrhythmic effect. At simultaneous use with quinidine, it is possible to slow down intraventricular conduction and increase the toxicity of quinidine. During treatment with cardiac glycosides, parenteral use of calcium gluconate is not recommended due to increased cardiotoxic effects. With simultaneous oral administration of calcium gluconate and tetracyclines, the effect of the latter may decrease due to a decrease in their absorption.

Pills

The drug slows down the absorption of estramustine, etidronate and other bisphosphonates, quinolones, tetracycline antibiotics, oral iron supplements and fluoride preparations (the interval between their administration should be at least 3 hours). Calcium gluconate reduces the bioavailability of phenytoin. At simultaneous administration with vitamin D or its derivatives, calcium absorption increases. Cholesterolamine reduces calcium absorption in digestive tract. At joint use the drug with cardiac glycosides increases the cardiotoxic effects of the latter. GCS reduce calcium absorption. When combined with thiazide diuretics, the risk of hypercalcemia may increase. The drug may reduce the effect of calcitonin in hypercalcemia, the bioavailability of phenytoin, and the effect of calcium channel blockers. When used simultaneously with quinidine, intraventricular conduction may slow down and the toxicity of quinidine may increase.

Forms insoluble or slightly soluble calcium salts with carbonates, salicylates, and sulfates.

Calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract can be reduced by certain types of food (spinach, rhubarb, bran, grains).

Overdose of Calcium gluconate

Solution. In case of overdose, hypercalcemia may develop. In this case, calcitonin is used as an antidote, which is administered intravenously at the rate of 5-10 units per 1 kg of body weight per day (the drug is diluted in 500 ml isotonic solution sodium chloride, administered dropwise over 6 hours. For 2 - 4 doses).

Pills. With long-term use in high doses, hypercalcemia with the deposition of calcium salts in the body is possible, and dyspepsia is possible. The likelihood of developing hypercalcemia increases with simultaneous treatment with high doses of vitamin D or its derivatives.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia: drowsiness, weakness, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, polydipsia, polyuria, weakness, fatigue, irritability, bad feeling, depression, dehydration, possible heart rhythm disturbances, myalgia, arthralgia, arterial hypertension.

Treatment: drug withdrawal; in severe cases - parenteral calcitonin at a dose of 5-10 IU/kg body weight per day (diluted in 500 ml of sterile physiological sodium chloride solution, intravenously drip over 6 hours. Slow intravenous jet administration is possible 2-4 times a day).

Calcium gluconate is a drug that is used to replenish calcium deficiency in the body.. It can only be used as prescribed by a doctor. If taken incorrectly or if there are contraindications to its use, it can cause great harm body. This article discusses an overdose of calcium gluconate, its causes, symptoms, as well as first aid methods and treatment components for its development.

Indications and contraindications for taking the drug

Calcium gluconate should not be taken on its own. He is a potent drug and can lead to disruptions in the functioning of the entire body, even to cardiac arrest. The decision to take this medicine is made by your doctor. It may be prescribed for the treatment of diseases and certain body conditions listed below:

• Reduced blood calcium levels (hypocalcemia).
• Hypoparathyroidism is insufficient functioning of the parathyroid glands.
• Rickets and its complications (spasmophilia, osteomalacia).
• Temporary increased need for calcium (for example, during pregnancy).
• Increased concentration of phosphates in the blood - occurs in chronic and acute renal failure.
• Myasthenia.
• Recovery period after massive bleeding.
• The period after dental surgery.
• Toxic or parenchymal hepatitis.

Calcium gluconate has a number of contraindications for use which are listed below:

• Hypercalcemia is an increased concentration of calcium in the blood (above 12 mg).
• Thrombophlebitis (inflammation of the veins), thrombosis.
• Hypercalciuria is an increased concentration of calcium in the urine.
• Sarcoidosis – systemic disease connective tissue, which affects the lungs and some other internal organs.
• Treatment with cardiac glycosides.
• Availability allergic intolerance the drug or its individual components.

Causes of drug overdose

An overdose most often develops when a patient takes it independently., as well as in case of non-compliance with the doctor’s recommendations. Highlight following reasons overdose of calcium gluconate:

• taking large doses of the drug. A person who decides to self-treat with this medicine may “prescribe” himself an inappropriately large dose. An overdose can also occur in a child who mistakenly took it orally. All medications in the house should be kept out of the reach of children;
• using a medicine if there are contraindications to it;
• taking the drug while using cardiac glycosides;
• taking diuretics in parallel with calcium gluconate.

Please note that accepting any medications in parallel with calcium gluconate should be discussed with a doctor.

How does an overdose manifest itself?

Expressiveness clinical manifestations overdose depends on the amount of medication taken and state of the patient's cardiovascular system. Symptoms of overdose include:

• feeling of dryness in oral cavity and lack of appetite (anorexia);
• nausea followed by vomiting;
• feeling of general weakness, fatigue, possible drowsiness;
• headache and dizziness;
• a feeling of interruptions in the functioning of the heart caused by arrhythmia or rapid pulse;
• cramps in skeletal muscle groups. Most often, spasms develop in calf muscles . In case of severe overdose, attacks of general convulsions may develop (as during an epileptic seizure);
• loss of consciousness, up to a deep coma.

What are the dangers of overdose?

Acute overdose of calcium gluconate or other calcium-containing drugs can lead to severe consequences and complications. These include:

• acute renal failure;
• disruption of the parathyroid glands;
• heart rhythm disturbance;
• heart failure.

All these complications are deadly, and patients cannot always be saved. Cardiac arrest that developed in the background increased concentration calcium in the blood, is difficult to resuscitate, even experienced doctors cannot save the patient.

In case of acute renal failure, the patient is transferred to hemodialysis. It is not always possible to restore kidney function; their structures are completely damaged.

What to do in case of overdose

When the first symptoms of an overdose appear, you should immediately stop taking calcium gluconate and call an emergency medical team. Trying to treat this condition on your own is very dangerous. due to the possible fatal complications listed above.

While waiting for doctors, you should reassure the patient, ensure his rest and admission fresh air. Unbutton his shirt, open the window in the room. If the drug was taken orally, you can try gastric lavage.

To cleanse the gastric cavity, you should drink 1 liter in one gulp. ordinary water and induce vomiting. For children, 1-2 glasses of liquid will be enough.

Remember that using a solution of potassium permanganate to lavage the stomach can lead to intoxication of the body and burn the esophagus. For effective gastric lavage at home, plain water is enough.

After cleansing the stomach, give the patient table water or sweet tea..

In case of loss of consciousness, place the poisoned person in horizontal position and turn his head to the side. To improve blood supply to the head and heart, raise his legs up. If you have ammonia at home, moisten a cotton ball with it and let the patient smell it. If he has not regained consciousness before paramedics arrive, you should monitor his pulse and breathing. If they are absent, you must immediately begin to carry out indirect massage hearts.

Medical care and treatment

Doctors who arrive on call will assess the patient’s condition. They will check his pulse, breathing rate, level blood pressure and saturation (oxygen saturation in the blood), an electrocardiogram will be taken.

Doctors will then administer medications to help normalize heartbeat, connect the IV, put on an oxygen mask. Once the patient’s condition has stabilized, they will be taken to the nearest emergency hospital. Patients staying in in serious condition, are hospitalized in the intensive care unit.

Treatment for overdose consists of:

1. Forced diuresis. For this purpose, it is administered intravenously through droppers. saline along with diuretics. This the procedure helps remove calcium gluconate from the body.
2. Drugs that regulate heart function. In patients with high content calcium, a heart rhythm disturbance develops, which must be eliminated with medication.
3. Symptomatic treatment (for example, antiemetics or painkillers).

Calcium gluconate is a drug that helps in the treatment of many diseases, including rickets, spasmophilia, hypoparathyroidism. Safe use this medicine possible only if prescribed by a doctor. An overdose of calcium can lead to severe complications, for example, to acute renal failure and cardiac arrest. When the first symptoms of an overdose of drugs containing calcium appear, you should urgently call ambulance. Treatment of this condition should be carried out in a hospital setting. The patient needs qualified health care and 24/7 doctor supervision.

Calcium gluconate is prescribed intravenously at the most various diseases. This method of administration is much more effective and better absorbed by the body than taking tablets.

What is intravenous calcium gluconate used for?

It's no secret that calcium plays important role in the construction of the body. During illnesses, it may be partially washed out of the body, which is replenished artificially with an intravenous injection of calcium gluconate. This is done when a quick effect is needed, because this remedy promotes many processes in the body. For example, the drug is necessary for the process of transmission of nerve impulses, myocardial activity, and smooth muscle contraction. It helps blood clot well, and this remedy is also actively used for various inflammatory diseases. For example, calcium gluconate is very often prescribed for bronchitis. The drug is also used as a hemostatic agent and also reduces vascular permeability.

Indications for the use of calcium gluconate intravenously:

• for bleeding of various origins;
• with increased excretion of calcium from the body, for example, as a result of dehydration;
• allergic reactions and diseases, for example, pruritic dermatosis or;
• eclampsia;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• lead colic;
• toxic liver damage;
• insufficient function of the parathyroid glands;
• parenchymal hepatitis;
• hyperkalemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia;
• hemorrhagic vasculitis;
• radiation sickness;
• nephritis;
• in case of poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic acid, fluoric acid.

Doctors often prescribe calcium gluconate intravenously for allergies in combination with other antihistamines. What is the mechanism of action of the drug in this case? Since the drug helps reduce the permeability of the walls of blood vessels, allergens are not able to enter the bloodstream. Gluconate affects connective tissue, thereby promoting a quick recovery.

Calcium gluconate intravenously - side effects

It is worth noting that this drug may have the following contraindications:

• hypercalcemia;
• hypersensitivity;
• sarcoidosis;
• severe hypercalciuria;
• nephrourolithiasis;
• taking cardiac glycosides;
• age up to 3 years;
• thrombosis.

Also, after taking it, the following may occur: side effects How:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• diarrhea;
• slow pulse;
• hypercalcemia;
• necrosis at injection sites.

It is very important to know how to administer calcium gluconate intravenously correctly? This drug can be administered either intramuscularly or intravenously. Before direct administration, the ampoule should be warmed to body temperature. To do this, hold it in your hands or rub vigorously between palms. The solution should be injected very slowly, approximately 1.5 ml over one minute. This should be done to avoid any adverse reactions after rapid administration of the drug into a vein. The longer the warm drug is administered, the better. Depending on the disease, the medicine may be prescribed either every day or every other day.

While taking any medicines Doctors strongly recommend refraining from using alcoholic drinks. This is due to the fact that they can reduce their effectiveness, inhibit absorption or cause unwanted adverse reactions body. Therefore, during the treatment period you should not drink alcohol-containing drinks.

Calcium gluconate is a regulator of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, a drug that replenishes the lack of calcium in the body. Deficiency of this microelement is quite common and one of the most serious nutrient deficiency in terms of metabolic consequences. The situation is traditionally complicated late diagnosis and, as a result, a delay in corrective measures. Early signs Calcium deficiency in the human body includes muscle cramps, numbness of fingers and toes, irritability, and impaired cognitive functions. If left without therapeutic intervention, calcium deficiency leads to metabolic disorders, incl. osteopenia (decreased bone mineral density) and more severe form- osteoporosis, which significantly increases the risk of bone fractures. In addition to this, calcium deficiency accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Moreover, meager in its own way mineral composition diet characterized by a lack of calcium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, burdened excessive quantity sodium, saturated fats and “bad” (fast) carbohydrates can ultimately lead to obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and oncological diseases. At the same time, as the results of experimental and clinical trials, correction of calcium deficiency significantly reduces the risk of developing these diseases. The effectiveness of measures aimed at eliminating calcium deficiency depends on many factors, including: forms of calcium entering the body, amount of fluid consumed, motor mode And bad habits patient. In this regard, thoughtful drug compensation of calcium deficiency is an additional reserve for improving public health. Here it is necessary to dispel the confidence of adherents of “all natural” that the lack of calcium can only be compensated by consuming food products rich in these microelements.

Firstly, it is necessary to point out the fact that the same product (for example, cottage cheese), depending on its source of origin, may contain different amounts of calcium. Secondly, even foods rich in calcium do not contain such large amounts. For example, to make up for daily requirement in calcium, you need to drink 1 liter of milk daily, eat 1100 g of sour cream or 1 kg of cottage cheese. Not everyone can afford such a diet. One more nuance: some products, in addition to “deposits” of calcium, are rich in others and not entirely useful substances. For example, Swiss cheese contains a lot of saturated fats, which cause atherosclerosis. Therefore, in most cases, it seems much more rational and safer to take calcium medications, one of which is calcium gluconate. This drug participates in the formation of bones, the process of hemocoagulation, maintains the smooth functioning of the heart, and promotes the transmission of nerve impulses. Contractility improves when taking calcium gluconate muscle fibers at muscular dystrophy(myopathies), myasthenia gravis, decreased permeability vascular walls. By the way, the latter property of calcium gluconate makes it possible to take it for various allergic diseases, because in this case, a barrier is erected to prevent allergens from entering the bloodstream. It means that high level calcium reduces the likelihood of developing an acute immune reaction. At intravenous administration calcium gluconate excites the sympathetic nervous system, stimulates the production of adrenaline by the adrenal glands, and also has a moderate diuretic effect.

Calcium gluconate is available in two dosage forms: tablets and solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration. For patients childhood Calcium gluconate in solution is recommended to be administered only intravenously.

Pharmacology

Calcium is a macroelement involved in the formation bone tissue, the process of blood clotting, is necessary to maintain stable cardiac activity and the processes of transmission of nerve impulses. Improves muscle contraction in muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and reduces vascular permeability. When administered intravenously, calcium causes excitation of the sympathetic nervous system and increased secretion of adrenaline by the adrenal glands; has a moderate diuretic effect.

Release form

10 pieces. - contour cellular packaging.
10 pieces. - cellless contour packages.

Dosage

For oral administration, a single dose is 1-3 g, the frequency of administration is 2-3 times a day. When administering a solution of calcium gluconate intravenously or intramuscularly, a single dose of the drug should correspond to 2.25-4.5 mmol of calcium. A solution of calcium chloride is administered intravenously in a stream (slowly) in a single dose of 500 mg, intravenously in a drip - in a single dose of 0.5-1 g.

Interaction

Calcium gluconate, when used simultaneously, reduces the effect of calcium channel blockers. IV administration of calcium gluconate before or after verapamil reduces its hypotensive effect, but does not affect its antiarrhythmic effect. Under the influence of cholestyramine, calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is reduced. When used simultaneously with quinidine, intraventricular conduction may slow down and the toxicity of quinidine may increase. During treatment with cardiac glycosides, parenteral use of calcium gluconate is not recommended due to increased cardiotoxic effects. With simultaneous oral administration of calcium gluconate and tetracyclines, the effect of the latter may decrease due to a decrease in their absorption.

Side effects

Possible: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bradycardia; with intramuscular injection - necrosis.

Indications

Hypocalcemia of various origins, hypoparathyroidism, parenchymal hepatitis, toxic liver damage, nephritis, eclampsia, hyperkalemic form of paroxysmal myoplegia, inflammatory and exudative processes, skin diseases. How additional remedy during treatment allergic diseases And drug allergies. As an additional hemostatic agent for pulmonary, gastrointestinal, nasal, uterine bleeding. As an antidote for poisoning with magnesium salts, oxalic acid and its soluble salts.

Contraindications

Hypercalcemia, severe hypercalciuria, severe renal failure, susceptibility to thrombosis, increased sensitivity to calcium gluconate.

Features of application

Use for renal impairment

Contraindicated in severe renal failure.

Use in children

special instructions

Use with caution in patients with mild hypercalciuria, with minor violations renal function or with a history of urolithiasis; in these cases, the level of calcium excretion in urine should be regularly monitored. Patients with a tendency to form stones in the urine are advised to increase the volume of fluid consumed.

Calcium gluconate is an inexpensive, time-tested drug that helps strengthen skeletal system. However, it is prescribed not only for brittle bones caused by calcium deficiency, but also for nephritis, allergic and skin diseases, as well as increased permeability vessels. For good absorption of the drug, it is important to follow certain rules reception.

Instructions

The dosage of calcium gluconate depends on the age of the patient and indications for use. A child under one year of age is most often prescribed one tablet. Children 1-4 years old - two. Increase the dose for a child 4-7 years old to 3 tablets at a time. For younger students− up to 4. If the medicine is prescribed for a teenager, prepare 5 tablets per dose. The dosage for an adult is most often 6 tablets.

For better absorption of calcium, crush the tablet before use. In this case, the medicine will be absorbed into the blood faster, which means the effect of the treatment will appear earlier.

Take calcium gluconate 1-1.5 hours before meals. Take your pills big amount liquids, preferably milk.

Drink calcium gluconate twice a day. In case of severe microelement deficiency, increase the frequency of administration to three times a day.

In some cases shown intramuscular injections calcium gluconate. The dosage is usually 5-10 ml once a day or every other day. Introduce the medicine slowly to avoid the development of tissue necrosis.

In pediatrics intramuscular injection calcium gluconate is not practiced. If oral administration is ineffective, medications are indicated intravenous injections at a dosage of 1-5 ml every 2-3 days.

When taking calcium supplements, not only the dosage matters, but also compliance with certain conditions. Calcium cannot be absorbed at all without vitamin D, which means they need to be taken comprehensively. Spend more time outside, especially in clear weather. sunlight promotes the production of vitamin D in the body.