Allowed and prohibited foods for diabetes. Proper nutrition of a patient with diabetes mellitus: a detailed menu

Diabetes mellitus requires the patient not only to take medications, but also to change lifestyle and nutrition. To do this, you need to understand what foods you can eat with diabetes, and which ones need to be limited or completely excluded.

At diabetes impaired glucose metabolism. Treatment of the disease is aimed at controlling the level of glycemia. In addition to the fact that a person suffering from the disease must take certain medications (and often for life), he must adhere to a diet, which means the ban on the consumption of many foods in order to control the course of diabetes. Consider what you can not eat with diabetes and how to correct the disease with a healthy diet.

The main treatments for diabetes are balanced diet according to the prescriptions of the doctor, playing sports and (attention!) - giving up cigarettes. Be sure to constantly monitor the level blood pressure and take care of your legs. With insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin injections must be given, otherwise the person may die . With type 2 diabetes, you can do without insulin, as there are special medicines for this.

When taking pills and insulin, you need to be very careful, because such drugs can excessively reduce blood sugar. This is how hypoglycemia develops, which can cause fainting and even death. All dangerous complications can be warned if there are foods that do not increase blood sugar and help avoid complications, moreover, without feeling hungry.

Without a diet, the disease will progress rapidly, resulting in chronic and life-threatening complications. If diabetes is not controlled, it will happen within ten, maximum twenty years.

The most dangerous complications are diabetic nephropathy (which inevitably leads to kidney failure), diabetic retinopathy (causing blindness) and damage to the vessels and nerves of the legs (which causes gangrene, the treatment of which is amputation).

If you eat right in diabetes, you can slow down the development of complications and reverse them. In this case, blood sugar will be kept within the normal range. The second type of diabetes is not yet an indicator for injecting insulin: such a substance is necessary only in the most severe cases. With the right diet, they can generally be avoided.

Diet principles

The diet for diabetes is calculated so that as few carbohydrates as possible enter the body. It is important that the amount of proteins and fats be balanced, as this smooths out possible spikes in sugar and prevents the development of hyperglycemia.

If a patient is diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes and type 2 diabetes, what should not be eaten with such a disease in order to constantly control it? This is decided by the doctor in each individual case, making a list of products.

If a person is prescribed insulin therapy, then the diet is adjusted depending on the dosage of insulin. The diet and the set of products are adjusted so that the patient does not have the risk of hypoglycemia.

If you have diabetes, you need to consume more products with a low glycemic index, which does not exceed 50. This means that the carbohydrates contained in the food are digested slowly, and this will exclude jumps Sahara.

You need to eat more often, chewing food thoroughly. It is extremely important to avoid long breaks in eating. If a person is on a business trip where it will be difficult to follow a diet, he needs to take with him the products that the doctor has allowed. Stay away from junk food.

Foods with a low glycemic index

Below is a list of foods that have, and therefore, they can be eaten with diabetes:

• Borodino bread;
• broths (meat or fish);
• veal, beef dishes;
• fish (cod, zander, etc.);
• eggs (no more than one per day);
• low-fat dairy products;
• grapefruits;
• vegetables - cabbage, tomatoes, greens;
• butter (equivalent to no more than two tablespoons);
• vegetable oil;
• some berries and fruits (eg raspberries, apples).

In addition, game dishes, seafood, nuts, avocados, zucchini and other low-carbohydrate dishes are allowed. To test the glycemic effect of a particular food product, it is essential to buy a glucometer and spend several days in total sugar control mode.

This way you can see exactly which foods increase sugar levels and which do not. It is possible that some of the foods on the list above can increase glycemic levels, which means they need to be canceled.

It is also useful to eat citrus fruits: they have a low glycemic index, and provided that the amount of such products is within reasonable limits, this will not lead to metabolic disorders. The main thing with a diet is to observe moderation, so that you can eat less, but more often.

Please note that in healthy people of a thin physique, the level of glycemia is constantly in the range of 4-5.2 millimoles. This is the best level of sugar can be achieved in patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Of course, for this you need to practice proper nutrition and monitor insulin dosages. If you are not lazy and carefully observe the regimen, you can live without the painful complications of diabetes. Maintaining high performance, vision, clear mind is quite real.

Is it possible to eat porridge

The main place in the diet of a person with diabetes is occupied. It has virtually no effect on carbohydrate metabolism and helps to maintain the level of glycemia at a constant level. Buckwheat grain well absorbed by the body and is a source of energy.

It is useful to eat wheat and barley porridge. These meals support energy balance well and help avoid hyperglycemia. Of course, provided that the diabetic does not overeat. It is very important to take measurements of sugar levels after meals and, in case of violation of normal glucometer readings, make adjustments to the diet.

Goal of the diet for diabetes

The main task for patients with diabetes is to maintain blood sugar levels no higher than 6.1 mmol after meals and no higher than 5.5 mmol on an empty stomach. Such indicators can be achieved by sharply limiting the amount of carbohydrates in the daily menu. This is the only way to preserve the health of the kidneys: they undergo dangerous changes in diabetes.

Diet, exercise and insulin injections can help prevent the worst outcome of diabetes - death from kidney failure. When kidney function is lost, transplantation or dialysis is performed. It must be said that the dialysis procedure delivers incredible suffering to patients and is the cause of a severe infection. Target therapeutic measures with diabetes - delay the need for dialysis (best of all - indefinitely). Restricting carbohydrate intake just contributes to maintaining health.

Of course, low-carb diets are very expensive. For total control of sugar levels, additional funds (and considerable ones) are required. However, such efforts are worth it: the money spent on food and blood glucose meter strips is practically nothing compared to the costs of treating the most severe complications of diabetes. If you carefully follow the diet, then a person has every chance to live full life to a ripe old age.

Forbidden foods for diabetes

Here is a list of prohibited foods that cause great harm in diabetes. They should not be consumed under any circumstances, otherwise it will not work to control sugar normally:

• all sweets (you can’t even consume confectionery"for diabetics", containing glucose);
• flour dishes;
• cottage cheese, which was bought in the market;
• potato;
• oat muesli;
• corn;
• sweet fruits;
• ketchup;
• any semi-finished products, fast food;
• low-fat sweetened yogurt;
• in diabetes, do not eat foods containing glucose substitutes.

Knowing that with diabetes, you can keep the disease under control. Of course, this diet will be difficult for some people, especially when you consider that you have to give up many goodies. However, there is an alternative: to eat, for example, sweet, starchy foods, or to live long without complications.

When choosing products in the store, you need to pay attention to their composition. Stay away from foods rich in carbohydrates. The presence of sugar and easily digestible carbohydrates in them makes them extremely unhealthy, as they quickly contribute to an increase in glycemic levels.

If you are diabetic, you shouldn't overeat. Even allowed food raises the level of sugar. You need to keep the disease under control, you need to forget about large amounts of food. It is better to eat little and often. It is necessary to keep a diary of self-control - this is one of the essential conditions control of diabetes.

As you can see, the list harmful products quite common in diabetes. However, a person is allowed many healthy, satisfying and tasty dishes. If you constantly control the level of glycemia and avoid spikes in sugar, you can prevent the development of life-threatening diabetic complications.

Such a disease endocrine system, like diabetes, is associated with a lack of insulin in the human body. According to the WHO classification (World Health Organization), the disease is divided into 1 (insulin-dependent) and 2 (insulin-independent) types. Their symptoms are similar: constant thirst, increased appetite, frequent urination. main reason disease is the consumption of large amounts of carbohydrates and fats for a long time. The main therapeutic factor at any stage of diabetes mellitus is diet food.

What is diabetes nutrition

A special menu for diabetics is developed at any stage of the disease, but nutritional recommendations may vary. Diet is especially important for patients with type 1 diabetes, because they have a high probability of coma during decompensation and even death. Type 2 diabetics special food prescribed, as a rule, for weight correction and for a stable course of the disease. The basics of a dietary diet at any stage of the disease:

• it is necessary to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions;
• the ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates (BJU) should be balanced;
• the amount of calories received should be equal to the energy consumption of a diabetic;
• food should be rich in vitamins, so natural vitamin carriers should be added to the diet: dietary supplements, brewer's yeast, rosehip broth and others.

How to eat with diabetes

When a doctor prescribes a daily diet to a diabetic, he is guided by the patient's age, gender, level physical activity and weight class. The basic principles of dietary nutrition are the restriction of sweetened foods and the prohibition of hunger strikes.. The basic concept of a diet for diabetes is bread unit(XE) equivalent to 10 g of carbohydrates. Nutritionists have developed sets of tables indicating their number per 100 grams of any product. Diet for diabetic patients daily intake food with a total value of 12 to 24 XE.

The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes is different. In the first case, a low-calorie diet is needed to prevent the complication of the disease (25-30 kcal / 1 kg of weight). A strict dietary regimen must be strictly observed by a diabetic. Patients with type 2 diabetes are allowed a subcaloric diet (1600-1800 kcal / day). If a person has overweight the number of calories is reduced to 15-17 kcal / 1 kg of weight.

• remove alcohol, juices, lemonade from the diet;
• reduce the amount of sweeteners and cream when drinking tea, coffee;
• choose unsweetened food;
• replace sweets with healthy foods, for example, instead of ice cream, eat a banana dessert (beat frozen bananas with a mixer).

Diet for type 2 diabetes

Even on initial stage diseases, you need to follow the rules of nutrition. In diabetics who do not follow a diet, cells lose sensitivity to insulin as a result of consuming large amounts of carbohydrates. As a result, the level of glucose in the blood rises and constantly keeps on high rates. Dietary nutrition in type 2 diabetes helps restore the ability of cells to absorb sugar.

Basic rules of the diet:

• replacing sugar with sweeteners in the amount allowed by the doctor;
• preference for desserts containing vegetable fats (yogurt, nuts);
• the same calorie meals;
• eating more carbohydrates in the morning.

Type 2 diabetics are recommended a daily fluid intake of 1.5 liters. You can not load the digestive tract, so overeating is excluded. Do not think that a few glasses of alcohol and some sweets will not cause complications. Such breakdowns nullify all efforts, and can provoke a critical condition requiring resuscitation.

Approved Products

The diet of a type 2 diabetic is not difficult to understand. You just need to know which foods are allowed to be eaten in limited quantities, and which ones need to fill most of the diet. Knowing how to cook diet meals and about the right combination of permitted ingredients, it is easy to build a quality diet that is aimed at maintaining a stable condition of the patient. For convenience, a table should always hang in the kitchen of a diabetic:

What foods can not be eaten

Inappropriate food will aggravate the condition of a diabetic, provoke a jump in sugar. A patient with type 2 diabetes should not eat:

• Sweet. The black list includes sugar and all products containing it in excess. We must forget about ice cream, chocolate, marmalade, jam, sweets, preserves, halva and other sweets.
• Bakery products. Banned sweets bakery products: muffins, cookies, rolls, white loaf and bread.
• Fat containing foods. Fatty meals can greatly raise your glucose levels. For this reason, a diabetic should refuse duck, pork, lamb, lard, mayonnaise, cream. You should also exclude sweet yogurt, fatty cottage cheese and cheese.
• Semi-finished products. In their composition they have a large number of flavors, stabilizers, flavor enhancers. You should not eat fish sticks, ready-made industrial cutlets, dumplings, sausages, sausages.
• Trans fats. Their use will harm not only the diabetic, but also a healthy person. Prohibited foods include margarine, confectionery fat, spread, french fries, hot dogs, burgers, puffed corn.
• Fruit. Some fruits and dried fruits are not recommended. Among them are dried apricots, dates, figs, raisins, persimmons, melons, grapes, bananas.

Menu for the week

For many patients, the transition to a low-carbohydrate diet becomes a test, especially if a person did not limit himself to food before the illness. You have to get used to it gradually. When switching to products for diabetics, you should first abandon the most harmful ones, reducing their number to a minimum. Sample menu for patients with type 2 diabetes:

Diet for type 1 diabetes

Insulin-dependent disease is diagnosed when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin. Nutrition for type 1 diabetes consists in the use of a certain ratio of BJU. An indicator of the choice of foods is their glycemic index, that is, an indicator of the effect on blood glucose levels. The daily rate of high-carb foods should be 2/3 of the entire menu.

Diabetics should choose slow carbohydrates that take a long time to digest. These include mushrooms, durum wheat pasta, cereals, legumes, and some vegetables. Protein food should not exceed 20%, and fats - 15%. With concomitant obesity, it is necessary to enrich the food with root vegetables with a minimum calorie content. In case of liver damage, the consumption of extractive substances (soy, oatmeal, cottage cheese) is limited. If suffering the cardiovascular system, then the patient needs to give up salt.

What foods can be used for diabetes

Therapeutic diet for people with type 1 diabetes is aimed not only at lowering blood sugar, but also at reducing the likelihood of other pathologies. Patients are allowed to include in the diet:

Prohibited Products

As in type 2 disease, diabetic nutrition restricts certain products. Among them:

• sugar-containing products;
• strong broths, meat fats;
• semolina, pasta, rice;
• smoked meats, marinades, pickles;
• conservation;
• confectionery, pastries;
• fatty dairy products;
• sweet fruits, dried fruits;
• alcohol, soft drinks.

Menu for the week

For diabetes, you need Special attention devote to food preparation. It is allowed to boil, stew, steam them. In no case should you fry, it is not advisable to bake in the oven. Sample menu for the week:

During pregnancy and lactation

While expecting a baby, a woman can develop gestational diabetes. The cause of the disease is genetic predisposition reduced tissue sensitivity to insulin. After delivery, carbohydrate metabolism often normalizes, but there is a risk of diabetes in a woman and a child. To prevent danger, during pregnancy and lactation, you must strictly monitor your diet:

• exclude simple carbohydrates, limit complex;
• pasta and potatoes eat in small quantities;
• remove fried, fatty foods from the diet, refuse semi-finished products, sausages;
• cook food for a couple, bake, stew;
• eat every 2-3 hours;
• drink up to 1.5 liters of plain water per day.

Recipes

Do not think that diet food will necessarily be tasteless. There are many recipes for diabetics that people who do not suffer from this pathology will use with pleasure. Many dishes that are intended for patients suffering from insulin deficiency are used by nutritionists in weight loss programs. Below are a few recipes.

• Cooking time: 1 hour.
• Number of servings: 6 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 195 kcal / 100 g.
• Purpose: dessert for breakfast.
• Cuisine: English.
• Difficulty: high.

Pumpkin for diabetes is necessary, because this product has a lot useful elements and low calorie content. Thanks to its low calorie content, the orange vegetable helps to normalize and control body weight. Eating pumpkin improves organ function digestive tract helps cleanse the intestines toxic substances stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin.

Ingredients:

• pumpkin - 300 grams;
• flour - 3 tbsp. l.;
• honey - 3 tbsp. l.;
• eggs - 3 pieces;
• salt - 1 pinch.

Cooking method:

1. pumpkin pulp cut into small pieces, boil. When ready, let cool, puree.
2. mix pumpkin puree with honey and yolks. Sift flour and add gradually.
3. Beat egg whites until stiff, add salt. The mass should be thick.
4. Fold the beaten egg whites into the dough. Put the pumpkin mass in a mold greased with sunflower oil.
5. Preheat the oven to 200 degrees. Bake the pudding for 30 to 40 minutes.

• Cooking time: 20 minutes.
• Number of servings: 8 persons.
• Calorie content of the dish: 86 kcal / 100 g.
• Destination: for lunch.
• Cuisine: Russian.
• Difficulty: low.

The use of beans in diabetes reduces glucose levels, improves metabolic processes on the cellular level. Legumes are made up of a variety of nutrients, enzymes, amino acids and do not exert a load on the pancreas. Reducing blood sugar levels is achieved through a unique ratio of carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. This type of legume has the same properties as insulin.

Ingredients:

• white beans - 1 cup;
• dried mushrooms - 200 g;
• carrots - 1 pc.;
• onion - 1 pc.;
• sunflower oil - 1 tbsp. l.;
• low-fat cream - 100 g;
• cloves - 2 pcs.;
• salt - a pinch.

Cooking method:

1. Pour the beans 8 hours before cooking cold water. Then drain the liquid, pour 1.5 liters of water and bring to a boil.
2. Pour dried mushrooms with water 30 minutes before cooking. After swelling, cut into plates and cook in the same liquid.
3. After boiling the beans, remove the foam with a slotted spoon, add salt and spicy spice, reduce the heat. After 15 minutes, add finely chopped vegetables to the soup.
4. When the beans are ready, add half a serving of boiled mushrooms to it. The second half must be sautéed with butter, but not combined with the rest of the ingredients.
5. Remove the cloves and puree the soup with a blender until smooth. Fried mushrooms, cream and greens will decorate the dish.

Video

Diabetes is characterized high content human blood sugar. This is due to the fact that the function of the pancreas to produce the hormone insulin is impaired. The latter ensures the absorption of glucose by the body. There may be several causes of diabetes, but the essence is the same. Sugar that is not digested stays in the blood and is flushed out in the urine. This condition has a bad effect on the body, namely on the work of all organs and systems. This is primarily due to the fact that cells do not receive enough glucose. So they start taking it from fats. As a result, toxic substances begin to form in the body, metabolism is disturbed.

Features of the life of a person with diabetes

A person with this diagnosis should follow the recommendations of the doctor and take special medicines. But in addition to taking medication, the patient should follow a special diet. Sugar for diabetics should be limited to ingestion. Proper nutrition in diabetes is one of the main factors affecting the normalization of metabolism.

Basic nutrition rules

A person who has diabetes should remember the basic rules of nutrition.

1. You should not eat foods that contain carbohydrates in large quantities.
2. Avoid high calorie foods.
3. Sweets are not recommended for diabetics.
4. It is necessary that the food is filled with vitamins.
5. Observe the diet. Meals should be taken at the same time each, the number of meals should be 5-6 times a day.

What can be eaten? Are sweets allowed for diabetics?

The diet that is prescribed to patients varies depending on the type of disease. For example, people who have this ailment of the first type, that is, they are prescribed to take insulin throughout their lives, are recommended to exclude fatty foods from the diet. Fried foods are also banned.

But people who suffer from this disease of the second type and are prescribed insulin therapy should adhere to strict recommendations in eating. In this case, the doctor calculates such a menu so that the person's glucose level is normal or with minimal deviations from it. The doctor also prescribes sweeteners for type 2 diabetes.

Glycemic index

Food products have This indicator determines how much the blood glucose level will increase from the use of a particular product. There are special tables that contain information about the glycemic index of food. These tables list the most common foods.

It is customary to divide food into three groups according to the level of the glycemic index.

1. A low index includes food with a value of up to 49.
2. Products from 50 to 69 have an average level.
3. High level - more than 70.

For example, Borodino bread has a GI of 45 units. This means that it applies to products with low level GI. But kiwi has an index of 50 units. And so it is possible to look at each food product. There are safe sweets (their IG should not exceed 50) that can be included in the diet.

As for combined dishes, it is necessary to evaluate the glycemic index by the totality of the ingredients that they include. If we talk about soups, then preference should be given to vegetable broths or broths cooked from lean meat.

Types of sweet foods

Are sweets dangerous for diabetics? This question causes a lot of controversy. Expert opinions are divided. However, there are many recipes for sweet dishes designed specifically for patients with this disease. Sugar for diabetics is no exception, the main thing is to know certain rules.

Answering this complex issue, first of all, it is necessary to define what refers to sweets, since this concept quite extensive. It is conditionally possible to divide sweets into several groups:

1. Foods that are sweet in and of themselves. This group includes fruits and berries.
2. Products prepared using flour, namely cakes, buns, cookies, pastries, etc.
3. Dishes prepared using sweet, natural products. This category includes compotes, jellies, juices, sweet desserts.
4. Foods that contain fats. For example: chocolate, cream, icing, chocolate butter.

All of the above foods contain large amounts of sugar or sucrose. The latter is very quickly absorbed by the body.

Sweets for diabetics: how to use

First of all, diabetic patients should avoid foods high in carbohydrates. Unfortunately, almost all sweet foods have this indicator. Therefore, their use should be carried out with great care. The fact is that carbohydrates are very quickly absorbed by the body. In this connection, the level of glucose in the blood rises in a person who has diabetes.

There is an opposite situation. In a patient with diabetes, a situation may occur when the level of sugar in the blood is at a critical level. In this case, he needs to urgently consume the prohibited product in order to avoid a state of hypoglycemia and coma. Usually, people who have this risk of lowering glucose levels carry some kind of forbidden product with them, for example, sweets (for diabetics, they can sometimes be a salvation), juice, or some kind of fruit. If necessary, you can use it and thereby stabilize your condition.

Causes of hypoglycemia

Causes of a human condition in which the level of glucose in the blood drops to a critical level:

1. Sports activities.
2. Various travels.
3. Stress or nervous strain.
4. Prolonged outdoor movement.

How to determine that a state of hypoglycemia occurs?

The main signs of hypoglycemia:

1. There is an acute feeling of hunger.
2. The heartbeat quickens.
3. Sweat emerges.
4. Starts to tingle lips.
5. Shaking limbs, arms and legs.
6. There is pain in the head.
7. Veil before the eyes.

These symptoms should be studied not only by the patients themselves, but also by their loved ones. This is necessary so that in the event of such a condition, a nearby person can provide assistance. The fact is that the patient himself may not be able to orient himself in the state of deterioration of his health.

Can people with diabetes eat ice cream?

This question causes an ambiguous reaction among endocrinologists. If we consider ice cream in terms of how many carbohydrates it contains, then their amount is low. This is the same amount of carbohydrates contained in a piece of white bread.

Also, ice cream is considered a fatty and sweet product. However, there is a well-known fact that with a combination of fat and cold, the absorption of sugar in the body is much slower. But that's not all. Part this product includes gelatin, which also slows down the process of absorption of sugar into the blood.

Given the above facts, we can conclude that ice cream can be consumed by people with diabetes. The main thing is to choose a quality product and be confident in the manufacturer. Any deviation from the standards can adversely affect human health. You should also know the measure. You should not eat too much ice cream, especially for those whose cause of the disease is obesity.

What foods should be excluded from your diet for people with diabetes?

It should be remembered that diabetes is a serious disease that can cause irreversible consequences in the human body. Therefore, people with such a diagnosis must comply with all doctor's prescriptions and pay special attention to nutrition. Grocery list:

1. Diabetics should eliminate high-carbohydrate vegetables from their menu. For example: potatoes and carrots. If you can’t completely remove these products from the menu, then you should minimize their use. Also, in no case should you eat salted and pickled vegetables.
2. Butter White bread and buns are not recommended for eating.
3. Foods such as dates, bananas, raisins, sweet desserts, and strawberries should also be eliminated from the diet, as they are high in sugar.
4. Fruit juices are contraindicated for diabetics. If a person is not able to completely abandon them, then the use should be minimized, or diluted with water.
5. Fatty foods should not be eaten by people with a diagnosis of diabetes. You should also abandon soups, the basis of which is fatty broth. Smoked sausages are contraindicated for diabetics. Fatty food is not recommended for consumption even healthy people, and including it in the menu for type 2 diabetics can lead to irreversible consequences associated with a threat to life.
6. Another product that has a negative impact on patients with this disease is canned fish and salty fish. Even though they have a low GI, great content fats will worsen the patient's condition.
7. People with diabetes should stop eating various sauces.
8. Dairy products with a high fat content are contraindicated for people with this diagnosis.
9. Semolina and pasta are contraindicated for consumption.
10. Carbonated drinks and sweets for diabetics are contraindicated.

The list of prohibited foods is quite large. But it is recommended to adhere to it when compiling a menu for type 2 diabetics. The state of his health depends on how the patient eats.

The root cause of the complications that develop in type 2 diabetes is a high level of insulin in the blood. It can be normalized quickly and for a long time only with a strict low-carbohydrate diet, when the intake of carbohydrates from food is reduced as much as possible.

And only after the indicators stabilize, some relaxation is possible. It concerns a narrow set of cereals, raw root crops, fermented milk products- under the control of indicators of glucose in blood (!).

Do you want to go straight to the allowed food table?

Click on item #3 in the table of contents below. The table should be printed and hung in the kitchen.

It provides a detailed list of what foods can be eaten with type 2 diabetes, which is designed conveniently and concisely.

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Benefits of a well-established low-carbohydrate diet

If type 2 diabetes is diagnosed on early stage, such a diet is complete treatment. Reduce carbohydrates to a minimum as soon as possible! And you do not have to drink "tablets in handfuls."

What is the insidiousness of systemic metabolic disease?

It is important to understand that breakdowns affect all types of metabolism, and not just carbohydrate. The main targets of diabetes are blood vessels, eyes and kidneys, as well as the heart.

The dangerous future of a diabetic who could not change his diet is neuropathy lower extremities up to gangrene and amputation, blindness, severe atherosclerosis, and this is a direct path to heart attack and stroke. According to statistics listed states on average, they take up to 16 years of life from a poorly compensated diabetic.

A sensible diet and lifelong carbohydrate restriction will ensure a stable level of insulin in the blood. This will give the correct metabolism in the tissues and reduce the risk of severe complications.

If necessary, do not be afraid to take drugs to control insulin production. Be motivated to diet and that it allows you to reduce the dose of drugs or reduce their set to a minimum.

Incidentally, metformin, a common prescription for type 2 diabetes, is already being explored in the scientific community as a possible massive defender against systemic senile inflammation, even for healthy people.

Diet principles and food choices

Worried that restrictions will make your diet tasteless?

In vain! The list of allowed foods for type 2 diabetes is very wide. You will be able to choose from it mouth-watering options for a healthy and varied menu.

What foods can be eaten with type 2 diabetes?

• Protein products

All kinds of meat, poultry, fish, eggs (whole!), Mushrooms. The latter should be limited if there are problems with the kidneys.

Based on the intake of protein 1-1.5 g per 1 kg of body weight.

Attention! The numbers 1-1.5 grams are pure protein, not the weight of the product. Find tables online that show how much protein is in the meat and fish you eat.

• low GI vegetables

They contain up to 500 grams of high-fiber vegetables, raw if possible (salads, smoothies). This will ensure a stable feeling of satiety and a good bowel cleansing.

• Healthy fats

Say "No!" trans fats. Say yes! fish oil and vegetable oils, where omega-6 is not more than 30%. Alas, the popular sunflower and corn oil are not among them.

• Unsweetened low GI fruits and berries

No more than 100 grams per day. Your task is to choose fruits with a glycemic index of up to 40, occasionally up to 50.

From 1 to 2 r / week you can eat diabetic sweets ( based on stevia and erythritol). Remember the names! Now it is very important for you to remember that most of the popular sweeteners are dangerous to health.

Always consider the glycemic index

It is vital for a diabetic to understand the concept of the "glycemic index" of products. This number shows the average person's response to the product - how quickly blood glucose rises after taking it.

GI is defined for all products. There are three gradations of the indicator.

1. High GI - from 70 to 100. A diabetic should exclude such foods.
2. Average GI - from 41 to 70. Moderate consumption with achieved stabilization of blood glucose - occasionally, no more than 1/5 of the entire meal per day, in right combinations with other products.
3. Low GI - from 0 to 40. These foods are the basis of the diet for diabetes.

What increases the GI of a product?

Cooking with "invisible" carbohydrates (breading!), accompaniment with high-carbohydrate food, food consumption temperature.

So, cauliflower steamed does not cease to be low-glycemic. And her neighbor, fried in breadcrumbs, is no longer shown to a diabetic.

One more example. We lower the GI of a meal by accompanying a meal with carbohydrates with a powerful serving of protein. Salad with chicken and avocado with berry sauce is an affordable dish for diabetics. And these same berries, whipped into a seemingly “harmless dessert” with oranges, just a spoonful of honey and sour cream, are already a bad choice.

We stop being afraid of fats and learn to choose healthy ones.

Since the end of the last century, mankind has rushed to fight fats in food. The motto is “no cholesterol!” only babies don't know. But what are the results of this struggle? Fear of fats has led to an increase in fatal vascular accidents (heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolism) and the prevalence of diseases of civilization, including diabetes and atherosclerosis in the top three.

This is due to the fact that the consumption of trans fats from hydrogenated vegetable oils and there was a harmful nutritional imbalance in excess of omega-6 fatty acids. A good ratio of omega3/omega-6 = 1:4. But in our traditional diet, it reaches 1:16 or more.

Your task is to choose the right fats.

Focusing on omega-3s, adding omega-9s, and reducing omega-6s will help balance your diet towards a healthy ratio of omegas. For example, make cold-pressed olive oil the main oil in cold dishes. Remove trans fats completely. If frying, then in coconut oil, which is resistant to prolonged heating.

Product table do's and don'ts

Let's talk again. The lists in the table do not describe an archaic view of the diet (the classic Diet 9 table), but a modern low-carb diet for type 2 diabetes.

It includes:

• Normal protein intake is 1-1.5 g per kg of body weight;
• Normal or high intake of healthy fats;
• Complete removal of sweets, cereals, pasta and milk;
• A sharp reduction in root vegetables, legumes and liquid dairy products.

At the first stage of the diet, your goal for carbohydrates is to meet 25-50 grams per day.

For convenience, the table should hang in the kitchen of a diabetic - next to information about the glycemic index of foods and the calorie content of the most common recipes.

What can not be eaten with type 2 diabetes?

• All bakery products and cereals not listed in the table;
• Cookies, marshmallows, marshmallows and other confectionery, cakes, pastries, etc.;
• Honey, unspecified chocolate, candy, natural white sugar;
• Potatoes, carbohydrate-coated fried vegetables, most root vegetables, except as noted above;
• Store-bought mayonnaise, ketchup, frying in soup with flour and all sauces based on it;
• Condensed milk, store-bought ice cream (any!), store-bought products complex composition marked "milk", because these are hidden sugars and trans fats;
• Fruits, berries with high GI: banana, grapes, cherries, pineapple, peaches, watermelon, melon, pineapple;
• Dried fruits and candied fruits: figs, dried apricots, dates, raisins;
• Shop sausages, sausages, etc., where there is starch, cellulose and sugar;
• Sunflower and corn oil, any refined oils, margarine;
• Large fish, canned food in oil, smoked fish and seafood, dry salted snacks, popular with beer.

Do not rush to dismiss the diet due to strict restrictions!

Yes, it's unusual. Yes, no bread at all. And even buckwheat is not allowed at the first stage. And then they offer to get acquainted with new cereals and legumes. And they call to delve into the composition of the products. And oils list strange. And an unusual principle - “fats are allowed, look for healthy ones” ... Sheer bewilderment, but how to live on such a diet ?!

Live well and long! The proposed nutrition will work for you in a month.

Bonus: you will eat many times better than peers who have not yet been pressed by diabetes, wait for grandchildren and increase your chances of active longevity.

Understand that type 2 diabetes is not to be underestimated.

Many people have risk factors for this disease (among them is our sweet and starchy diet, with bad fats and a lack of protein). But the disease occurs most often in mature and elderly people, when other weak points have already formed in the body.

If the disease is not brought under control, diabetes will actually shorten life and kill prematurely. It attacks all blood vessels, the heart, the liver, will not allow you to lose weight and will critically worsen the quality of life. Decide to limit carbohydrates to a minimum! The result will please you.

How to properly build a diet for type 2 diabetes

When formulating nutrition for a diabetic, it is beneficial to assess which foods and processing methods bring the most benefit to the body.

• Food processing: boil, bake, steam.
• No - frequent frying in sunflower oil and strong salting!
• Emphasis on the raw gifts of nature, if there are no contraindications from the stomach and intestines. For example, eat up to 60% fresh vegetables and fruits, and leave 40% for heat-treated.
• Choose your fish carefully small size insures against excess mercury).
• We study the potential harm of most sweeteners. The only neutral ones: based on stevia and erythritol.
• We enrich the diet with the right dietary fiber (cabbage, psyllium, pure fiber).
• We enrich the diet fatty acids omega-3 (fish oil, medium-sized red fish).
• No to alcohol! Empty calories = hypoglycemia, a harmful condition when there is a lot of insulin in the blood, and little glucose. Dangerous fainting and increasing starvation of the brain. In advanced cases - up to coma.

When and how often to eat during the day

• The fragmentation of food during the day - from 3 times a day, preferably at the same time;
• No - late dinner! A full last meal - 2 hours before bedtime;
• Yes - daily breakfast! It contributes to a stable level of insulin in the blood;
• We start the meal with a salad - this restrains insulin surges and quickly satisfies the subjective feeling of hunger, which is important for obligatory weight loss in type 2 diabetes.

How to spend a day without hunger and spikes in insulin in the blood

We prepare a large bowl of salad and 1 recipe with baked meat - from the entire set of products for the day. From these dishes we form breakfast, lunch, dinner close in volume. Snacks (afternoon snack and 2nd breakfast) to choose from - a bowl of boiled shrimp (sprinkle with a mixture olive oil and lemon juice), cottage cheese, kefir and a handful of nuts.

This mode will allow you to quickly rebuild, comfortably lose weight and not hang out in the kitchen, mourning the usual recipes.

Remember the main thing! Reducing excess weight in type 2 diabetes is one of the main factors in successful treatment.

We have described a working method of how to establish a low-carb diet for a diabetic. When you have a table in front of your eyes, what foods you can eat with type 2 diabetes, it’s not difficult to create a tasty and varied menu.

On the pages of our website, we will also prepare recipes for diabetics and talk about contemporary views to add to therapy food additives(fish oil for omega-3, alpha-lipoic acid, chromium picolinate, etc.). Stay tuned!

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One of the causes of type 2 diabetes is obesity, so it is very important to monitor your diet. It is necessary not only to know what to eat, but also to draw up a menu and distribute the daily ration.

Type 2 diabetes, also called "older age" disease, occurs in people over the age of 40. Excess weight- one of the reasons that can provoke the onset of the disease. To effectively contain the increase in symptoms, it is imperative to adhere to a strict diet. Despite the fact that the diet for type 2 diabetes is tough, it must be followed throughout life. Its main tasks are to reduce the patient's body weight, reduce the load on the pancreas.

Nutrition principles

As a result of type 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder occurs. Wrong work digestive system is associated with a shortage and inability to fully absorb glucose. At mild form type 2 diabetes - diet can be a treatment and no special medications are required.

Despite the fact that each patient has his own, individual diet, according to the totality of common signs, food intake for patients with type 2 diabetes is placed in a single scheme called "table number 9". Based on this basic diet, an individual scheme is created, adjusted for each specific case.

1. AT clinical nutrition The protein:fat:carbohydrate ratio is very important. In this case, it should be "16%:24%:60%". This distribution ensures optimal intake of the sick "building" material into the body.
2. For each patient, their individual daily calorie requirement is calculated. The amount of energy received from food should not exceed the amount spent by the body. Usually doctors advise to set the daily rate for women at 1200 Kcal, and for men at 1500 Kcal.
3. First of all, sugar should be excluded from the diet, replacing them.
4. The patient's diet should be fortified, and rich in trace elements and cellulose.
5. The consumption of animal fats needs to be reduced by half.
6. Be sure to increase the number of meals up to 5 or 6 times. Moreover, each of them should be correctly combined with physical activity. Also select the use of drugs (sugar-lowering).
7. Dinner should be no later than 2 hours before bedtime.
8. It is required that the breaks between meals are at least three hours.

It is very important for a person suffering from diabetes to correctly compose a diet and choose the appropriate menu, using the recommendations of a doctor when choosing products. You can not engage in amateur activities, as this can aggravate the course of the disease.

Allowed foods and ready meals

A patient with such a diagnosis will have to follow a diet for life. It is the right choice of permitted products that can provide a person with a decent life. The patient is allowed to eat certain foods.

1. Bread. In a small amount, diabetic or rye bread is allowed. A product prepared from bran is freely allowed for use. Ordinary bakery products and pasta are allowed in a very limited form or are completely excluded.
2. Vegetables, greens. A person with diabetes can and should add fresh vegetables to their diet. Cabbage, sorrel, zucchini, cucumbers, onions and other sources of dietary fiber have a beneficial effect on metabolism and contribute to its normalization. Boiled potatoes, beets and carrots are allowed to consume no more than 200 g per day. Corn and legumes can be eaten sparingly and in small amounts.
3. From fruits and berries, you can eat cranberries, quince and lemon unlimitedly. The rest of the products from this group are allowed to eat in limited quantities. There are no completely prohibited fruits and berries.
4. From spices and seasonings, pepper, cinnamon, herbs and mustard can be attributed to the permitted ones. Use salad dressings and low-fat homemade mayonnaise sparingly and with caution.
5. Low-fat meat and fish broths are also on the list available for use. Vegetable soups are also allowed.
6. Low-fat cheese and kefir also get the green light.
7. Fish. The principle when eating fish is: the less fat it contains, the better for the body. It is allowed to eat 150 g of fish per day.
8. It is very important for the patient to limit himself in the use of fatty meat. It can be no more than 100g per day exclusively in boiled or baked form.
9. Cereals. A person diagnosed with type 2 diabetes can afford oatmeal, barley and buckwheat porridge. The use of pearl barley and millet groats needs to be reduced.
10. From drinks, herbal infusions, green teas should be preferred. You can drink milk and ground coffee.
11. Low-fat cottage cheese is allowed in pure form, and as casseroles, cheesecakes and other ready meals.
12. Due to the cholesterol content, eggs can be eaten no more than once a week in an amount of no more than two pieces. Several cooking options are allowed: scrambled eggs, soft-boiled or hard-boiled, or adding them to other dishes.

As can be seen from the list, patients with type 2 diabetes are allowed a sufficiently large number of various products to make the menu varied, tasty, and completely balanced.

Prohibited Products

Since diabetes is a very serious disease that affects the entire metabolism in general, the list of prohibited foods is quite large and varied.

1. Cookies, cakes, pastries and other sweets are prohibited. Since their taste is based on inclusion in the composition of sugar, one should beware of eating them. The exception is baked goods and other products made specifically for diabetics based on sweeteners.
2. You can not use bread from sweet dough.
3. Fried potatoes, white rice, and stinging vegetables must be removed from the patient's table.
4. You can not eat spicy, smoked, heavily salted and fried foods.
5. Sausages should also be excluded from the patient's diet.
6. You can not eat even in small quantities butter, fat mayonnaise, margarine, cooking and meat fats.
7. Semolina and racial cereals, as well as pasta, are similarly banned.
8. You can not eat homemade pickles with marinades.
9. Alcohol is strictly prohibited.

It is important to remember that following a diet and exclusion from the menu of products prohibited for this disease will help to avoid many complications of diabetes, such as blindness, cardiovascular disease, angiopathy, and so on. An additional plus will be the ability to maintain a good figure.

The benefits of dietary fiber

Dietary fiber is small plant food, which are not exposed to enzymes that promote the breakdown of products. They pass through digestive system without being digested.

They have sugar and lipid-lowering effects. Dietary fiber reduces the absorption of glucose in the human intestine, additionally creating a feeling of satiety. It is because of these properties that they must be included in the menu of diabetics.

Dietary fiber rich in:

• wholemeal flour;
• coarse bran;
• rye and oat flour;
• nuts;
• beans;
• Strawberry;
• dates;
• raspberries and many other products.

The amount of fiber that a diabetic needs is 354 grams per day. Moreover, it is important that 51% of it comes from vegetables, 40% from grain, its derivatives, and 9% from berries and mushrooms.

Sweeteners

For those patients for whom the presence of sweet in the diet is mandatory, special substances have been developed that add a sweet taste to the product. They are divided into two groups.

1. Calorigenic. Their number must be taken into account when calculating the energy component of food. These include: sorbitol, xylitol and fructose.
2. Non-calorific. Acesulfame potassium, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin are the main representatives of this group.

In stores, you can find pastries, drinks, sweets and other sweet products in which sugar is replaced by these substances.

It should be remembered that such products may also contain fat, the amount of which also needs to be controlled.

Sample menu for type 2 diabetes

In diabetes, one of important conditions becomes a decrease in consumed portions, increasing the number of meals.

An exemplary menu and diet of the patient looks like this.

1. First breakfast. The best time is 7 am. For breakfast, you can eat cereals from the allowed list. They start the metabolism. It is also good to eat cottage cheese or egg dishes in the morning. Should be 25% of the total daily energy requirement.
2. Second breakfast (snack). Curd dishes or fruits are useful. 15% of allowed calories.
3. Lunch should be at 13-14 hours and make up 30% of the daily diet.
4. At 16:00 it's time for afternoon tea. 10% of total calories. Fruit will be the best solution.
5. Dinner at 18:00 should be the last meal of the day. It makes up the remaining 20%.
6. When severe hunger you can allow a snack at night at 22:00. Kefir or milk will relieve the feeling of hunger well.

A diet for diabetes should be developed together with your doctor. Depending on the degree of the disease, some products may be added or removed from it. Other concomitant diseases can also affect the menu.

It is important to remember that proper nutrition, bringing visible results, is not a panacea. It must be combined with light physical activity and drug treatment. Only A complex approach to treatment and compliance with all prescriptions can guarantee a stable condition and the absence of complications.