Vitamin a in ampoules - the composition of the oil solution, indications for use for facial skin or hair growth. Vitamin A Recipes at Home

Human immunity is defense mechanism providing reliable protection against negative factors external environment. The human body is adversely affected by viruses, bacteria and other types of pathogenic microorganisms that precede the development various ailments. So that a person is always healthy and not exposed to various diseases, you need to constantly strengthen the immune system. To strengthen the immune system there are different ways: drink drinks, decoctions and infusions, take pills, harden, and also inject vitamins intramuscularly.

Vitamins in injections: when this method is used

Vitamins in injections have a significant plus before using tablets or syrups. This advantage lies in the penetration of nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the stomach and organs. digestive tract. This means that the positive effect of injections for immunity occurs almost immediately after the introduction of drugs intramuscularly.

Vitamins in ampoules are prescribed for children and adults to increase protective properties organism. However, this requires the following types indications:

1. congenital immunodeficiency. The use of vitamins intramuscularly contributes to the rapid and effective provision of the body with artificial immunity.
2. If you are prone to frequent colds. If a child or an adult is often sick, then only a vitamin that is administered intramuscularly will quickly strengthen the immune system.
3. After operations, as well as after stress and protracted illnesses.
4. With neuralgia, beriberi and neuritis.
5. If a person has skin, hair and nail problems.

Vitamins in the form of injections are also indicated for use in the event of malfunctions in the intestines. When resorting to their use, it is important to understand that their administration must be controlled in order to avoid the development of beriberi.

What vitamins strengthen the immune system

The question of which vitamins can be injected intramuscularly to quickly strengthen immunity is one of the most popular, especially with the advent of autumn and spring. And if with the advent of autumn our body is ready to fight back against viruses and bacteria, then with the advent of winter and spring, when human body did not receive the necessary vitamins and minerals, various diseases begin to appear.

Used to strengthen immunity the following vitamins for intramuscular injection:

1. Vitamin A. Participates in strengthening immune system, and also prevents the development of problems with vision and work of cardio-vascular system. With its help, well-being increases, and the condition of the external condition of the skin improves. People with acne, cold sores, and nail fungus problems need to resort to the help of vitamin A, which is found in a preparation called Retinol.
2. Vitamin C. One of the most popular vitamins, the use of which helps to ensure the resistance of immunity to the effects of pathogenic microorganisms. It can be found in large quantities in citrus fruits and is sold in pharmacies under the name ascorbic acid.
3. Vitamin E. An antioxidant that strengthens the human immune system, as well as protecting the body from negative effects environment. With its help, the strengthening of the capillary system is ensured, as well as the activation of the formation of blood clots in the resorption, the slowing down of the aging process and the normalization of the skin condition and complexion.
4. Vitamin R. It is often used to prevent beriberi, and can also be administered simultaneously with ascorbic acid.
5. Vitamin B9. Takes an active part in building a barrier from the influence of viruses and infections on the bone marrow. The best hair vitamins are B9, which helps to improve not only their condition, but also strengthen them. Intramuscular administration of vitamin B9 also improves the condition of teeth and nails. In the pharmacy, this vitamin is also known under the name "folic acid".

It's important to know! Intramuscular administration of vitamins is much more effective than taking them in the form of tablets or oral syrups. Instant hit in the blood contributes to the provision of positive effects almost instantly.

List of B vitamins

B vitamins are obtained from food. However, their small number requires compensation in order to avoid the development of negative consequences. Consider the list of effective vitamin preparations in ampoules for intramuscular application.

Vitamin B6

If a person has skin problems, as well as signs of neuralgia, neuritis and liver damage, then vitamin B6 will improve the patient's condition. The agent is produced in the form of a monopreparation, and improves protein metabolism. The drug is actively prescribed for intramuscular use in diabetes, diabetic retinopathy. Depending on the diagnosis, the dosage of this drug will vary significantly. To do this, you need to contact a specialist for help.

Thiamine chloride

The drug contains vitamin B1. The drug takes an active part in the regulation of metabolic processes, as well as versatile actions:

1. Activation of a number of enzymes, as well as regulation of organ systems.
2. Regulation of the synthesis of fats and proteins.
3. Optimizes the number of carbohydrates.
4. Protects cell membranes from oxidation.

A drug is prescribed for people who have problems with impaired absorption of food in the intestines. It is useful to inject it intramuscularly after fasting, as well as during pregnancy, during breastfeeding and if there are problems with alcohol. Thiamine chloride is prescribed not only for adults, but also for children, if indicated. The dosage for children is calculated based on the following proportions: 1-2 ml of the drug is required per 1 kg of body weight. Injections should be carried out for 2 weeks for children, and for adults about 1 month.

It's important to know! After the injection, symptoms of itching occur, as well as a decrease in blood pressure. If the dosage is exceeded, then the occurrence of side symptoms is not excluded: heart palpitations, headaches and insomnia.

Trigamma

A complex of B vitamins, which includes B1, B6 and B12. In addition to the above components, the drug contains lidocaine, which allows you to remove pain during drug administration.

Trigamma is used to reduce pain symptoms, as well as in the development of ailments of the peripheral nervous system. The advantage of the drug Trigamma is the presence of lidocaine, through which the likelihood of developing toxic reactions is reduced. The ampoule contains 2 ml of the drug, which is the daily dosage. The duration of the course of treatment usually lasts 14 days.

It's important to know! Trigamma has such analogues as Vitagamma, Compligam B, Milgamma.

Beviplex

Beviplex contains five essential B vitamins. These include:

• Nicotinamide;
• Thiamine;
• Pantothenate;
• Pyridoxine;
• Cyanocobalamin.

The drug has wide range applications. He is appointed when enough vitamins, as well as with such ailments as dermatoses, neuralgia, eye diseases. The drug is prescribed for use depending on the indications.

cyanocobalamin

Cyanocobalamin is also called vitamin B12. It is the main ingredient of the drug. With an excessive dosage of the drug, side effects may occur in the form of dizziness and headaches. Indications for the use of cyanocobalamin are:

1. Various types of anemia.
2. If there are violations of the functioning of the nervous system.
3. In violation of the functioning of the liver.
4. To improve the effect of painkillers.

It's important to know! Allergic reactions can occur to vitamin B12 in humans, so it should only be used as prescribed by a specialist.

Contraindications for use

The main contraindications to the use of vitamins are the following factors:

1. period of menstruation.
2. thrombophlebitis disease.
3. Respiratory ailments, with the development of which the temperature rises, chills and fever appear.
4. When inflammatory reactions occur at the sites of blood sampling from a vein.

In addition to the above contraindications, the use of drugs should be treated with caution in such situations:

• When carrying a fetus.
• When breastfeeding.
• With individual intolerance to the drug.
• If there are problems with the functioning of the heart.

It's important to know! Vitamins should be injected intramuscularly only as directed. medical specialist. If the doctor does not recommend resorting to the help of vitamin preparations, it means that there is no need for this.

Who to contact for an appointment

Despite the fact that vitamins are useful substances for strengthening the immune system, their use should be treated with caution. First of all, you do not need to inject drugs yourself without a prescription, and without the knowledge of a medical specialist. It can be not only harmful, but also deadly.

If the patient wants to undergo treatment with vitamins, then you need to contact an immunologist. The immunologist prescribes not only the necessary drugs to the patient, but also selects the exact dosage. To determine the necessary drug for treatment, the specialist appoints the patient to undergo a special laboratory test.

Vitamin A (Retinol) - a representative of the class of fat-soluble vitamins, is able to accumulate in the body. Essential for vision and bone growth, healthy skin and hair, normal immune system function, etc. Unstable in its pure form, found in both plant foods and animal sources.

Vit. A was discovered in 1913. Then two groups of scientists, independently of each other, found that the yolk of a chicken egg and butter contain a certain substance that stimulates the growth of animals.

After that, during the First World War, numerous cases of xerophthalmia and keratophthalmia, dryness and pathological keratinization of the sclera and cornea of ​​​​the eyes were described. At the same time, the relationship of these diseases with a deficiency was noted. butter in the diet.

The substance isolated from butter was originally designated as fat-soluble factor A. Later, in 1916, it was renamed vit. A. In 1921, signs of beriberi A were described, in 1931 the structure of the vitamin was described, and in 1937 Vit. A was obtained in crystalline form.

Varieties

In addition to Retinol vit. A includes a group of vitamers, substances similar in chemical composition and by the action. These substances are called retinoids. In addition to Retinol (vit. A 1), this includes its derivatives:

• Retinal is an aldehyde form of vit. A 1
• 3-dehydroretinol (vit. A 2) - trans-isomer of Retinol
• 3-dehydroretinal is the aldehyde form of vit. A 2
• Retinoic acid is the acidic form of vit. A 2
• Retinyl acetate, retinyl palmitate are ether derivatives of Retinol.

These are just the basic forms. Along with them, there are many other retinoids that occur naturally or are formed in the body of humans and mammals during metabolic reactions. The functions of many of them remain poorly understood. By the name of the main component, A 1, this vitamin is commonly called Retinol.

Physical properties

The chemical name of Retinol is trans-9,13-Dimethyl-7-(1,1,5-trimethylcyclohexen-5-yl-6)-nonatetraen-7,9,11,13-ol (as palmitate or acetate). Formula - C 20 H 30 O. This chemical compound is a yellowish prismatic crystals with a specific odor and a melting point of 64 0 C.

It dissolves well in fatty substances and in other organic solvents - ethyl and methyl alcohols, dicyclohexane, dichloroethane. Practically insoluble in water. Non-resistant during external environment- is destroyed by atmospheric oxygen and solar ultraviolet radiation. Other substances from the group of retinoids have similar properties.

Physiological action

• Metabolism

With its participation in the body, many redox reactions are carried out. It regulates all types of metabolism. It stimulates protein biosynthesis, activates many enzyme systems.

• Immunity

Retinol is an excellent immunomodulator. It enhances the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, stimulates the production of antibodies, participates in the synthesis of interferon and lysozyme. Thus, it strengthens the immune system and increases the body's resistance to many types of bacterial and viral infections. It is also an excellent antioxidant that prevents free radical damage to tissues. Antioxidant and immunostimulatory action leads to the fact that atypically altered cells are recognized in time, destroyed, and cancerous tumors do not develop.

• Skin and mucous membranes internal organs

Vitamin A normalizes the growth and division of epithelial cells, prevents excessive keratinization. It also stimulates collagen synthesis. As a result, the barrier resistance of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal tract and genitourinary system to the action of pathological agents increases. The skin under its action becomes elastic, without wrinkles, edema, age spots and other signs of aging.

• The cardiovascular system

Reduces the formation of low-density cholesterol, which is responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Being an antioxidant, it prevents sclerotic and dystrophic changes in the myocardium.

• Musculoskeletal system

Increases the strength of ligaments, bones, cartilage. Promotes the growth of bones in length.

• Endocrine system

Retinol is involved in the synthesis of adrenal and sex hormones. It also reduces the level of thyroxine in case of its excessive production by the thyroid gland.

• reproductive system

In men, it stimulates spermatogenesis, in women it ensures a normal course menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, this vitamin, along with other factors, forms the growth and proper development of the fetus.

• visual system

It has a tremendous impact on the state of the visual analyzer. Retinal is part of Rhodopsin. This visual pigment provides light sensitivity to the rod receptors in the fundus. Precursors of Retinol, carotenoids, moisturize the cornea and sclera, prevent their pathological keratinization (hyperkeratosis), the development of cataracts. And this vitamin also maintains in proper condition the function of the macula - the place of the greatest visual perception retinas of the eye.

daily requirement

In this table, IU are international units that reflect the activity of the drug. As for vit. And, here 1 IU corresponds to 0.3 mcg.

Signs of deficiency

A typical manifestation of beriberi A - the so-called. night blindness or hemeralopia, deterioration of twilight vision. Also from the side of the eyes there will be keratomalacia, xerophthalmia, manifested by softening, dryness of the cornea, redness of the sclera with pathological lacrimation. In this case, visual acuity will be reduced, often a cataract is formed.

At the same time, the skin is dry, flaky, with an unhealthy color, pustular rash and reduced elasticity. Favorable conditions are created on such skin for various dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema.

The barrier function of the mucous membranes of the internal organs decreases. In combination with low immunity, this will be accompanied by frequent bronchitis, pneumonia, erosive and inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, inflammation of the genitourinary system with urinary incontinence.

Suffering reproductive system- the menstrual cycle in women is disturbed, the man complains of erectile dysfunction and early ejaculation. Often formed male and female infertility.

There is a general weakness, increased fatigue, drowsiness during the day and insomnia at night. On the part of the psyche, unmotivated irritability, anxiety and depression are noted. The danger rises malignant tumors, especially breast cancer, and in smokers and those who often suffer from colds - lung cancer.

Deficiency predisposes:

• lack of intake of Retinol and carotenoids with food
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in which its absorption is disturbed
• lack of others nutrients, in particular, zinc, vit E (Tocopherol), vit B 4 (choline).

Avitaminosis, as a rule, develops with a combination of these adverse factors.

In addition, under some conditions, the need increases. It:

• physical exercise
• psycho-emotional stress
• period of growth and puberty
• x-ray studies
• taking cholesterol-lowering drugs
• diabetes
• stay in a hot climate
• increased load on the visual analyzer (long sitting at the computer, watching TV)
• alcohol abuse
• pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Foods rich in vitamin A

Retinol enters the body with food. The content of vit. And at 100 food products:

It is easy to see that the largest number vit. And it is found in products of animal origin, while in greens and vegetables it is not so much. Although you should not completely focus on the data from the table. The fact is that in most well-known products, vitamin A is not represented by Retinol, but by its precursors, provitamins, carotenoids.

These substances include alpha, beta and gamma carotene. The most active of them is beta-carotene. This is a natural pigment of bright red color, which is transformed during metabolic processes.

Especially a lot of beta-carotene and other carotenoids in vegetables and fruits that have an orange-red color. Red carrots are not rich in vitamin A, as many believe, but in its provitamin, beta-carotene. In general, carotenoids are found mainly in plant foods, while animal foods are rich in Retinol - milk, cheese, cod liver and liver of mammals, egg yolk. In addition, in terms of its activity, beta-carotene is many times weaker than Retinol - 12 μg of this provitamin is equivalent to 1 μg of Retinol.

Synthetic analogs

The most commonly used in clinical practice are Retinol acetate and Retinol palmitate. These medications are available in the following dosage forms:

• dragee 3300 IU
• capsules with oily solution for oral administration 3300 IU
• capsules with oily solution for oral administration 5000 IU
• capsules with oily solution for oral administration 33000 IU
• coated tablets 33000 IU
• solution for external use 3.44%, 100,000 IU/ml
• injection solution 0.86%, 25,000 IU/ml
• injection solution 1.72%, 50,000 IU/ml
• injection solution 3.44%, 33,000 IU/ml.

Injections of oil solutions are done only intramuscularly, they should be done into a vein by no means! The solution for external use is used in the treatment skin diseases, and drugs for internal use - for the prevention of beriberi A and the treatment of conditions associated with it.

To prevent the development of hypervitaminosis A, you must carefully follow the dosages that the doctor determines. Usually drugs with a content of 3300 IU are used for prophylactic purposes, and more “heavy” dosage forms are used for therapeutic purposes.

Along with Retinol acetate and palmitate, vitamin A is present in many vitamin and mineral complexes, including:

• Supradin,
• Duovit,
• Complivit,
• Vitrum,
• Aevit, and many others.

In addition to pharmaceuticals Vit. It is included in many dietary supplements and cosmetic products for skin and hair care. Unlike natural Retinol, which breaks down quickly, synthetic retinoids are more stable and retain their properties for quite a long time.

Indications for use

Along with the prevention and treatment of beriberi A, synthetic retinoids as part of complex treatment are used in the following conditions:

• eye diseases with damage to the eyelids, sclera, cornea, retina - hemeralopia, retinitis pigmentosa, keratomalacia, xerophthalmia and keratophthalmia
• diseases of the stomach and intestines, the consequences of operations on the gastrointestinal tract with malabsorption of vit. BUT
• skin diseases and lesions - eczema, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, neurodermatitis, mild degree burns and frostbite
• sharp and chronic infections, incl. flu, pneumonia, bronchitis, children infectious diseases(measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, and etc.).
• rickets in children
• malignant tumors of the skin, leukemia.

Metabolism

The absorption of Retinol, which is part of food products and preparations, is carried out in upper divisions small intestine. As part of the food comes esterified Retinol (in the form of esters) or carotenoids. In the intestinal lumen, under the action of pancreatic and small intestine enzymes, Retinol esters are destroyed (hydrolyzed, emulsified) with the formation of free Retinol.

Further, in the mucous membrane of the small intestine, with the participation of specific enzymes, esters of Retinol fatty acids are again synthesized. In this form, it enters the lymph and in its composition is delivered to the liver. Here it is deposited in the form of the ether compound Retinyl palmitate. In addition to the liver, vitamin A is deposited in the lungs, kidneys, retina, adrenal glands, mammary glands, and adipose tissues.

But still, the main depot is the liver - up to 80% of vit. And in the form of Retinyl palmitate. In case of insufficient income or with its increased consumption, these reserves may be enough for 2-3 years. If necessary, Retinol from the liver with the participation of zinc is released again and binds to the protein transthyretin. Then it is delivered to the cells of organs and tissues, where it combines with retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is also synthesized by the liver.

Being chemically an alcohol, Retinol destroys cell membranes. Therefore, before entering the cell, Retinol is transformed into Retinal and Retinoic acid. Compared to Retinol, these compounds are milder and do not have a destructive effect on cells. Carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine 6-12-24 times worse (depending on the type). Their transformation into Retinal is carried out in the cells of the small intestine with the participation of a specific enzyme containing iron.

The activity of this enzyme depends on the state thyroid gland. With its insufficient function (hypothyroidism), this process will be disrupted, and unutilized carotenoids will accumulate in the body. In this case, pseudo-jaundice will be noted - staining of the skin and mucous membranes in a rich yellow color.

Vit. And it is better absorbed in combination with fats and proteins. Therefore, fasting, restrictive diets, infatuation plant food- all this makes it difficult for the absorption of vit. And it contributes to its deficiency. It is also difficult to absorb Retinol in diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas, when its emulsification and hydrolysis are disturbed. The unabsorbed part of vit. And in the form of various metabolites is removed through the kidneys and intestines.

Interaction with other substances

• Zinc

Promotes the release of vitamin A from the depot. Therefore, against the background of a deficiency of this mineral, activation will be slow.

• Dietary fats and proteins

Facilitate the absorption of vitamin A in the small intestine.

• Vegetable oils, laxatives

Being fat soluble, vit. A easily dissolves in these substances and is removed from the intestines. Therefore, regular intake of vegetable oils will lead to malabsorption.

• Enterosorbents

They also interfere with the absorption of Retinol.

• Vit. E (Tocopherol)

Prevents destruction. Therefore, a deficiency of vit. E is often accompanied by a deficiency of vit. A. For this reason, it is advisable to take both vitamins together.

Signs of hypervitaminosis

Due to the ability to accumulate, the daily dose of Retinol for children should not exceed 900 mcg, and for adults - 3000 mcg. Eating only food rich in vit. A is unlikely to cause hypervitaminosis A.

Although one remarkable case was described in medical practice, when a group of polar explorers decided to eat the liver of a polar bear. In a harsh climate, the body of this animal has adapted to accumulate vit. And in huge quantities. And since the main depot of the vitamin is the liver, the polar explorers got a real poisoning with Retinol, and most of the unfortunate people died. But such cases are unique, and are not the rule.

Basically, hypervitaminosis A develops with an overdose of synthetic retinoids or when they are combined with food rich in vit. A. The main signs of hypervitaminosis A:

• abdominal pain, diarrhea
• nausea, vomiting
• general weakness
• hepatomegaly and splenomegaly - enlargement of the liver and spleen in size
• redness and itching of the skin, sweating at night
• pseudojaundice
• hair loss, dandruff
• drowsiness, insomnia
• bleeding gums, mouth ulcers
• soreness and swelling of soft tissues
• muscle cramps
• confusion.

In pregnant women, an overdose of Vit. And it can provoke a teratogenic effect - a violation of embryonic development and the appearance of deformities in the fetus.

The trouble is that due to some similarity of manifestations, hypervitaminosis A can be mistaken for its deficiency. And then, instead of stopping taking the vitamin and changing the nature of the diet, on the contrary, increase its dosage and take food rich in Retinol and carotenoids. To prevent this from happening, with any alarming symptoms, you need to consult a doctor and undergo the necessary laboratory tests.

Vitamin A or retinol is especially useful for dry, aging and problematic skin. Due to its strong anti-inflammatory, moisturizing and anti-aging properties, this component is often used in cosmetology, including in creams, serums and masks. The latter, by the way, are easy to cook yourself using the most affordable products.

Content:

The action and benefits of vitamin A for the face

Vitamin A (also called retinol) is a group of substances with a similar structure (retinol, retinal, carotenoids, carotene, xanthophyll, retinoic acid, retinol palmitate, retinol acetate), which perform a number of important biological functions in our body. Retinol has two forms: it is ready-made vitamin A and provitamin A (carotene), which enters the body and turns into vitamin A.

In relation to the skin, vitamin A for the face performs a number of functions that provide general health and skin radiance

• accelerates blood circulation in the skin;
• eliminates inflammatory processes, including acne;
• as a strong antioxidant, it neutralizes free radicals, preventing early aging skin;
• stimulates the processes of cellular renewal, providing a general rejuvenating effect;
• evens out the relief of the face, eliminates age spots and improves complexion;
• increases the resistance of the skin to negative impacts environment (sun, low temperatures etc.);
• promotes the restoration and strengthening of epithelial cells that make up the skin.
• moisturizes, improves elasticity and strengthens the skin structure.

If a sufficient amount of this substance enters the body, the skin of the face looks healthy, toned and fresh, with its deficiency, a variety of cosmetic problems begin to arise, the main of which are wrinkles. acne, dry skin . To get rid of them enough to drink vitamin complex with retinol. Such complexes should be selected by a doctor after a preliminary consultation.

Vitamin A is the main active ingredient in many anti-aging skin care products. Usually such funds are not cheap. For home care for facial skin, vitamin A is effectively used as part of natural masks (it is not used in its pure form), but it is recommended to do this on a regular basis for women over 35 years old. Before this age period, there is no need for frequent use of this substance, 1 procedure per month is enough to improve skin tone. The effect of such vitamin mask complex and noticeable immediately. Despite everything, vitamin A is still pharmacy drug and must be used with great care! Masks with retinol experts recommend doing in the cold periods of the year.

If there are contraindications to the use of vitamin A, you can use foods rich in this substance (viburnum, parsley, spinach, egg yolks, dairy products, pumpkin, carrots, fish oil, algae).

You can buy vitamin A for the face (retinol acetate) at any pharmacy, and in several forms:

• oily solution for oral administration;
• in capsules with oil content;
• in ampoules.

Pharmaceutical preparations of retinol are highly concentrated, so their use has contraindications.

Video: Excellent vitamin A for the face in Malysheva's program "Live healthy!"

Vitamin A for the face, contraindications for use

1. skin damage, open wounds with purulent content.
2. Skin diseases.
3. Allergic reactions.

With caution (after consulting a doctor), retinol should be used by women during pregnancy and lactation, since its excess can provoke disturbances in the development of the fetus. An overdose of vitamin A manifests itself in the form of nausea, loss of appetite, headache, enlarged liver.

1. Before using retinol, you should test for the presence of allergic reactions, for which the substance in its pure form is applied to the skin of the wrist. If there is no itching or redness of the skin, then vitamin procedures can be carried out without fear.
2. If the mask recipe contains honey, oils and others active ingredients that require heating to enhance their properties, then when vitamin A is turned on, this is not necessary, in order to avoid reducing its properties.
3. Before applying a mask with vitamin A on the face, it is necessary to steam (steam bath) and clean the skin with a scrub.
4. The compositions are applied to the entire face, except for the area around the eyes, following along the massage lines.
5. Keep the mask for 15-30 minutes, then rinse with herbal decoction or water at room temperature and lubricate the face with a regular cream.
6. Do the procedure one hour before bedtime. The wellness course includes 10-12 procedures performed 1-2 times a week. After that, you need to take a break for three months.
7. Retinol combines very well with vitamins D, E and B.
8. Retinol is not recommended for long-term use, an overdose of the substance can cause dryness, thinning of the skin and flaking.

Home recipes for all skin types with vitamin A

Anti-inflammatory mask with aloe juice.

Compound.
Nourishing night cream for your skin type - 1 tsp.
Vitamin A oil solution - 10 drops.
Aloe juice - 5 drops.

Application.
Mix the ingredients thoroughly in a glass bowl and apply on a pre-steamed and cleansed face in an even thick layer. After 20 minutes, remove the remnants of the mask with a cotton pad.

Vitamin oil mask.

Compound.
Olive oil (unrefined) - 1 tbsp. l.
Retinol acetate in ampoules - 1 pc.

Application.
Enrich the oil with vitamin, mix thoroughly and spread on clean face. Rinse off the mask is not required, after half an hour, remove the remnants of the product with a cosmetic tissue.

Curd-olive mask.

Compound.
Cottage cheese with a high percentage of fat content - 1 tbsp. l.
Olive oil - 1 tbsp. l.
Retinol - 10 drops.

Application.
Combine the components into a homogeneous mass and apply to a clean face. After 30 minutes, wash off the mask with water at room temperature and apply a regular night cream.

Mask with aloe and oatmeal.

Compound.
Aloe juice - 1 tbsp. l.
crushed cereals- ½ tsp
Vitamin A in oil - 5 drops.

Application.
mix oat flour with aloe juice and leave for 2 minutes. Add retinol acetate to the finished mass and apply on the face, avoiding the area around the eyes. Wash after 20 minutes warm water, lubricate the skin with a cream corresponding to the type of skin.

Nourishing milk mask.

Compound.
Fatty sour cream - 1 tsp.
High-fat cottage cheese - 1 tsp.
Retinol in ampoules - 1 pc.

Application.
Thoroughly grind the milk components together until smooth, then add vitamin A. Distribute the composition on the face and leave for 15 minutes. Rinse off the mask with warm water, then apply a nourishing product that matches your skin type.

Rejuvenating honey-oil mask.

Compound.
Sweet almond oil - 1 tsp
Burdock oil - 1 tsp
Liquid honey - 1 tsp.
A solution of vitamin A in oil - ½ tsp.

Application.
Add retinol to the oil mixture and massage into the skin. Leave for half an hour, remove the remnants of the product from the skin, blotting with a paper towel.

Vitamin tonic for acne.

Compound.
Chamomile flowers - 1 tbsp. l.
Steep boiling water - 200 ml.
Vitamin A in ampoules - 1 pc.

Application.
Prepare an infusion of chamomile, pour boiling water over the raw material and infuse it until it cools. In the finished filtered infusion, include the vitamin and pour into an empty and clean bottle of tonic or lotion. Wipe the skin with the product twice a day after washing.

To maintain the health of the skin and the body as a whole, vitamin A must be ingested in sufficient quantities with food. Pure vitamin A is found in animal products (meat, cod liver and eggs), in the form of provitamin A or carotene it is found in plant products (sea buckthorn, carrots, apricots, tomatoes and other vegetables and fruits of red, orange and yellow color). Include foods rich in this substance in your diet every day, but do not forget about a sense of proportion, because an excess of a vitamin is just as harmful as its deficiency.

Vitamin A (Retinol) - role in the body, content in foods, deficiency symptoms. Instructions for use of vitamin A

Thanks

vitamins are bioorganic low molecular weight compounds that are necessary for normal metabolism in all organs and tissues of the human body. Vitamins enter the human body from the outside and are not synthesized in the cells of its organs. Most often, vitamins are synthesized by plants, less often by microorganisms. That is why a person should regularly eat fresh plant foods, such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, herbs, etc. The source of vitamins synthesized by microorganisms are the bacteria of normal intestinal microflora. Thus, the importance of the normal composition of the intestinal microflora is obvious.

Depending on the structure and functions, each bioorganic compound is a separate vitamin, which has a traditional name and designation in the form of a letter of the Cyrillic or Latin alphabet. For example, the vitamin is denoted by the letter D and has the traditional name cholecalciferol. In medical and popular science literature, both options can be used - both the designation and the traditional name of the vitamin, which are synonyms. Each vitamin performs certain physiological functions in the body, and with its deficiency, various disorders in the functioning of organs and systems occur. Let's take a look at the different aspects of vitamin A.

What vitamins are referred to under the general designation "vitamin A"?

All of these substances are different forms of vitamin A. Therefore, when talking about vitamin A, they mean either any of the above substances, or all of them together. The common name for all forms of vitamin A is retinol, which we will use in the rest of this article.

However, in the instructions for biologically active additives (BAA), manufacturers describe in detail which chemical compound is included in their composition, not limited to the simple mention of "vitamin A". This is usually due to the fact that manufacturers indicate the name of the compound, for example, retinoic acid, after which they describe all of it in great detail. physiological effects and positive effect on the human body.

Basically, various forms Vitamin A plays a variety of roles in the human body. So, retinol and dehydroretinol are necessary for the growth and formation of normal structures of any tissue and the proper functioning of the genital organs. Retinoic acid is necessary for the formation of normal epithelium. Retinal is necessary for the normal functioning of the retina, as it is part of the visual pigment rhodopsin. However, usually all these functions are not separated by form, but are described together, as inherent in vitamin A. In the following text, in order to avoid confusion, we will also describe the functions of all forms of vitamin A without separating them. We will indicate that any function is inherent in a certain form of vitamin A only if necessary.

General characteristics of vitamin A

Vitamin A exists in two main forms:
1. Vitamin A itself retinol) contained in products of animal origin;
2. Provitamin A ( carotene) found in plant foods.

Retinol from animal products is immediately absorbed by the human body in the digestive tract. And carotene (provitamin A), getting into the intestines, first turns into retinol, after which it is absorbed by the body.

After entering the intestine, from 50 to 90% of the total amount of retinol is absorbed into the blood. In the blood, retinol combines with proteins and in this form is transported to the liver, where it is deposited in the reserve, forming a depot, which, if the supply of vitamin A from the outside is stopped, can be enough for at least a year. If necessary, retinol from the liver enters the bloodstream and, together with its current, enters various organs, where cells, using special receptors, capture the vitamin, transport it inside and use it for their needs. Retinol is constantly released from the liver, maintaining its normal concentration in the blood, equal to 0.7 µmol / l. When vitamin A is taken from food, it first enters the liver, replenishing the depleted reserves, and the remaining amount remains circulating in the blood. Retinal and retinoic acid in the blood are contained in trace amounts (less than 0.35 µmol / l), since in these forms vitamin A is present mainly in the tissues of various organs.

Getting into the cells of various organs, retinol turns into its active forms - retinal or retinoic acid, and in this form is integrated into various enzymes and other biological structures that perform vital functions. Without active forms of vitamin A, these biological structures are not able to perform their physiological functions, as a result of which various disorders and diseases develop.

Vitamin A enhances its action and is better absorbed in combination with vitamin E and the trace element zinc.

Biological functions of vitamin A (role in the body)

• Improve the growth and development of cells of all organs and tissues;
• Necessary for normal growth and bone formation;
• Necessary for the normal functioning of all mucous membranes and skin epithelium, as it prevents hyperkeratosis, excessive desquamation and metaplasia (cancerous degeneration of epithelial cells);
• Provide good vision in low or low light conditions (so-called twilight vision). The fact is that retinol is part of the visual pigment rhodopsin, which is located in the cells of the retina of the eye, called certain form chopsticks. It is the presence of rhodopsin that provides good visibility in conditions of weak, not bright lighting;
• Improves the condition of hair, teeth and gums;
• Improves the growth of the embryo, promotes the proper formation and development of various organs and tissues of the fetus;
• Enhances the formation of glycogen in the liver and muscles;
• Increases the concentration of cholesterol in the blood;
• Takes part in the synthesis of steroid hormones (testosterone, estrogens, progesterone, etc.);
• Prevents the development of malignant tumors of various organs;
• Regulates immunity. Vitamin A is essential for the complete process of phagocytosis. In addition, retinol enhances the synthesis of immunoglobulins (antibodies) of all classes, as well as T-killers and T-helpers;
• Antioxidant. Vitamin A has powerful antioxidant properties.

The list lists the effects of vitamin A at the level of organs and tissues. On the cellular level biochemical reactions, vitamin A has the following effects:
1. Activation of the following substances:

• Chondroitinsulfuric acid (a component of connective tissue);
• Sulfoglycans (components of cartilage, bones and connective tissue);
• Hyaluronic acid (the main substance of the intercellular fluid);
• Heparin (thinns the blood, reduces its clotting and thrombosis);
• Taurine (a stimulant for the synthesis of somatotropic hormone, as well as a necessary link in the transmission of a nerve impulse from a neuron to organ tissues);
• Liver enzymes that ensure the transformation of various exogenous and endogenous substances;

As you can see, vitamin A, in addition to providing good vision, has a fairly wide range of different effects in the human body. Traditionally, however, vitamin A has been associated only with effects on the eyes. This is due to the fact that the role of vitamin A for vision was studied earlier than all others, and this was done in great detail, while other effects and functions were identified later. In this regard, the idea that vitamin A is a substance necessary for normal vision has become entrenched, which, in principle, is true, but does not fully reflect it, since in fact retinol also performs other, no less important functions.

Daily intake of vitamin A for people of different ages

• Newborns up to six months - 400 - 600 mcg;
• Children from 7 to 12 months - 500 - 600 mcg;
• Children from 1 to 3 years old - 300 - 600 mcg;
• Children from 4 to 8 years old - 400 - 900 mcg;
• Children 9 - 13 years old - 600 - 1700 mcg.

The table and the list show two numbers, the first of which indicates the optimal amount of vitamin A a person needs per day. The second number indicates the maximum allowable amount of vitamin A per day. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, only 25% daily requirement in vitamin A must be provided through plant foods. The remaining 75% of the daily requirement for vitamin A should be provided by animal products.

Insufficient intake of vitamin A leads to its deficiency, which is manifested by a number of disorders from various organs. However, an excess intake of a vitamin in the body can also provoke serious disorders health, due to an excess or hypervitaminosis A. Hypervitaminosis A is possible due to the fact that retinol is able to accumulate in tissues and be slowly excreted from the body. Therefore, vitamin A should not be consumed in large quantities, believing that there will be nothing bad from such a useful substance. You should adhere to the recommended doses of vitamin A and do not exceed the maximum allowable daily dosage.

What foods contain vitamin A

• Chicken, beef and pork liver;
• canned cod liver;
• Beluga caviar is grainy;
• Egg yolk;
• Butter;
• hard cheeses;
• Fatty meats and fish.

• Cheremsha;
• Red bell pepper;

The content of vitamin A in various foods, the need for vitamin A - video

Symptoms of deficiency and hypervitaminosis of vitamin A

• Hyperkeratosis on the knees and elbows (severe peeling and dry skin);
• Follicular hyperkeratosis (toadskin syndrome);
• Acne;
• Pustules on the skin;
• Dry and dull hair;
• Brittle and striated nails;
• Disorder of twilight vision (night blindness);
• xerophthalmia;
• Corneal perforation followed by blindness;
• Deterioration of the activity of the immune system;
• Tendency to frequent infectious diseases;
• Weakened erection in men;
• Poor sperm quality;
• Increased risk of developing malignant tumors.

• Pain in the abdomen, bones and joints;
• General weakness;
• Malaise;
• Sweating at night;
• Headache associated with nausea and vomiting;
• Hair loss;
• Violation of the menstrual cycle;
• Violation of the digestive tract;
• Cracks in the corners of the mouth;
• Brittle nails;
• Itching of the whole body.

Chronic hypervitaminosis A is more common than acute and is associated with long-term use of retinol in doses slightly exceeding the maximum allowable. Clinical manifestations of chronic hypervitaminosis A are as follows:

• Itching and redness of the skin;
• Peeling of the skin on the palms, soles and other areas;
• Hair loss;
• Pain and swelling of soft tissues located along long bones body (bones of the thigh, lower leg, shoulder, forearm, fingers, ribs, collarbone, etc.);
• Ligament calcification;
• Headache;
• Irritability;
• Excitation;
• confusion;
• double vision;
• Hydrocephalus in newborns;
• Increased intracranial pressure;
• Nausea and vomiting;
• Enlargement of the liver and spleen;
• Pseudojaundice.

If a pregnant woman consumes vitamin A at a dosage above 5000 IU (1500 mcg) daily for a long time, this can cause a slowdown in fetal growth and improper formation of the urinary tract. Consumption of vitamin A during pregnancy in excess of 4,000 mcg (13,400 IU) may lead to congenital defects development in the fetus.

Vitamin A: benefits, deficiency symptoms, contraindications and signs of overdose - video

The use of vitamin A

So, vitamin A improves the growth and development of various organs and tissues, so it is recommended to give it to children to normalize the formation of bones, muscles and ligaments. In addition, retinol ensures the normal functioning of the childbearing process, so the vitamin is successfully used during pregnancy, during puberty and in women or men of reproductive age in order to improve the functioning of the reproductive system.

Vitamin A during pregnancy contributes to the normal growth of the fetus, preventing a delay in its development. In adolescents, vitamin A normalizes the development and formation of the genital organs, and also helps to adjust reproductive functions (maintains sperm quality, normal menstrual cycle, etc.), optimally preparing the bodies of girls and boys for future childbearing. In adults, vitamin A ensures optimal functioning reproductive organs, which significantly increases the chances of conceiving, bearing and giving birth to a healthy baby. The most pronounced positive effect of vitamin A on reproductive function noted when it is used in combination with vitamin E. Therefore, vitamins A and E are considered the key to the normal ability of men and women to bear children.

The function of vitamin A in providing good vision in low light conditions is widely known. With a lack of vitamin A, a person develops night blindness - a visual impairment in which he sees poorly at dusk or in low light. Regular intake of vitamin A is effective method prevention of night blindness and other visual impairments.

Also, vitamin A in people of any age and gender ensures the normal functioning of the skin and mucous membranes of various organs, increasing their resistance to infectious lesions. It is because of the huge role in maintaining the normal structure and functions of the skin that it is called the "beauty vitamin". Due to its positive effect on the skin, hair and nails, vitamin A is very often included in various cosmetic preparations - creams, masks, shower gels, shampoos, etc. The role of the beauty vitamin is given to retinol also because of its ability to reduce the rate of aging, maintaining the natural youth of women and men. In addition, retinoic acid is successfully used in the treatment of inflammatory and wound diseases of the skin, such as psoriasis, acne, leukoplakia, eczema, lichen, pruritus, pyoderma, furunculosis, urticaria, premature graying of hair, etc. Vitamin A accelerates the healing of wounds and sunburn. burns, and also reduces the risk of infection of wound surfaces.

Since vitamin A increases the resistance of mucous membranes to infections, its regular use prevents colds respiratory tract and inflammatory processes in the organs of the digestive tract and genitourinary system. Vitamin A is used in the complex treatment of erosions and ulcers of the intestine, chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver, tracheitis, bronchitis and catarrh of the nasopharynx.

The antioxidant properties of vitamin A predetermine its ability to destroy cancer cells, preventing the development of malignant neoplasms of various organs. Vitamin A has a particularly strong preventive anti-oncogenic effect in relation to pancreatic and breast cancer. Therefore, vitamin A is used in the practice of oncologists as part of the complex treatment and prevention of recurrence of various tumors.

As an antioxidant, vitamin A increases lipoprotein content high density(HDL) in the blood, which is very important for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertonic disease, ischemic heart disease, heart attacks, etc. Therefore, large doses of vitamin A are currently used to treat vascular diseases.

Vitamins A for pregnant women

• Improves immunity, which prevents colds and other infectious and inflammatory diseases that pregnant women are susceptible to;
• Reduces the risk of developing infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system, digestive tract and genitourinary system, thereby preventing numerous recurrences of thrush, bronchitis, rhinitis and other pathologies that often develop in pregnant women;
• Maintains the normal condition of the skin, preventing the appearance of stretch marks (stretch marks);
• Maintains the normal condition of hair and nails, preventing their loss, brittleness and dullness;
• Helps ensure normal growth of the uterus;
• Maintains normal vision in pregnant women, and also prevents its deterioration;
• Supports the continuation of pregnancy, preventing preterm birth.

Vitamin A intake by a pregnant woman has the following positive effects on the fetus:

• Improves the growth and development of the skeletal system of the fetus;
• Normalizes the growth of the fetus;
• Prevents fetal growth retardation;
• Ensures the normal formation of the organs of the genitourinary tract in the fetus;
• Prevents fetal hydrocephalus;
• Prevents fetal malformations;
• Prevents premature birth or miscarriages;
• Prevents infection with various infections that can cross the placenta.

However, since an excess of vitamin A can adversely affect the course of pregnancy, causing miscarriages and fetal growth retardation, it should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor, strictly observing the prescribed dosages. Optimal daily dosage vitamin A for a pregnant woman is no more than 5000 IU (1500 mcg or 1.5 mg).

Currently, in the countries of the former USSR, gynecologists often prescribe to pregnant women and women planning pregnancy a complex preparation "Aevit", which simultaneously contains vitamins A and E. Aevit is prescribed precisely because of the positive effects of vitamins A and E on reproductive function. However, this drug should not be taken by either pregnant women or women planning pregnancy, since it contains a huge dose of vitamin A (100,000 IU), which exceeds the optimal and recommended by WHO by 20 times! Therefore, Aevit is dangerous for pregnant women, as it can cause miscarriages, malformations and other disorders in the fetus.

Pregnant women without harm to the fetus can take complex preparations, which contain no more than 5000 IU of vitamin A, for example, Vitrum, Elevit, etc. However, since vitamin A is not completely harmless drug, it is recommended to do a blood test for the content of this substance before using it. Then, based on the concentration of vitamin A, determine the individual dosage that is optimal for this pregnant woman.

Vitamin A for children

In addition, by increasing the resistance of the mucous membranes to various pathogenic microorganisms Vitamin A prevents common infectious and inflammatory diseases respiratory organs in children. Vitamin A also supports normal vision in a child. In adolescents, vitamin A is able to reduce the number of acne and pimples, which has a positive effect on the quality of life of the child.

It is because of the pronounced positive effect on the body that it is recommended to give the child vitamin A in preventive dosages of 3300 IU per day in short, periodically repeated courses. To do this, it is recommended to purchase either multivitamin preparations or special vitamin tablets with a prophylactic dosage of 3300 IU.

Preparations containing vitamin A

• Retinol acetate or retinol palmitate - tablets containing 30 mg (30,000 mcg or 100,000 IU of retinol);
• Retinol acetate or retinol palmitate - dragees containing 1 mg (1000 mcg or 3300 IU of retinol);
• Axeromalt - vitamin A concentrate in fish oil (1 ml of fat contains 100,000 or 170,000 IU of retinol) in vials;
• Oil solution of carotene;
• Aevit;
• Alphabet;
• Biovital-gel;
• Biorhythm;
• Vita Mishki;
• Vitasharm;
• Vitrum;
• Multi-Tabs baby and classic;
• Multifort;
• Pikovit;
• Polivit baby and classic;
• Sana Sol;

Tablets containing 30 mg of retinol and Aevit are used only for medicinal purposes, for example, to eliminate beriberi A or treat vascular and skin diseases. These tablets and Aevit cannot be used for prophylactic purposes in people of any age, since this can provoke hypervitaminosis, as well as hypovitaminosis, which is manifested by severe violations of the functioning of various organs and systems. All other drugs are vitamins used to prevent hypovitaminosis. Accordingly, they can be given to people of any age, including children and pregnant women.

Dietary supplements containing vitamin A in the form of natural extracts and extracts include the following:

• ABC Spectrum;
• Antioxidant capsules and dragees;
• Artromax;
• Viardot and Viardot forte;
• Wheat germ oil ;
• Metovit;
• Will direct;
• Nutricap;
• Oksilik;
• Blueberry forte.

Vitamin A in a vitamin complex

For example, for children of different ages and adults, the following complex preparations containing vitamins A are recommended:

• Children under one year old - Multi-Tabs Baby, Polivit baby;
• Children from 1 to 3 years old - Sana-Sol, Biovital-gel, Pikovit, Alphabet "Our baby";
• Children from 3 to 12 years old - Multi-Tabs classic, Vita bears, Alphabet "Kindergarten";
• Children over 12 years old and adults - Vitrum, Centrum and any dietary supplements (dietary supplements).

The best vitamins A

However, one can very arbitrarily single out the "best" vitamins A for various conditions. So, relatively speaking, for the prevention of hypovitaminosis A in children, men, women and pregnant women, various multivitamin complexes will be the best. To eliminate an existing vitamin A deficiency or a general strengthening effect on the body, single-component tablets or dragees containing at least 5000 IU of retinol acetate or palmitate will be the best. For the treatment of vascular diseases, inflammatory processes on the mucous membranes of the respiratory, digestive and urinary organs, as well as infectious-inflammatory, wound and ulcerative lesions skin cover, monocomponent preparations containing at least 100,000 IU of vitamin A (for example, Aevit, fish oil concentrate, etc.) will be the best. For the treatment of wounds on the skin and mucous membranes, the best external preparation of vitamin A is an oily solution of carotene.

Vitamin A - instructions for use

Inside, you need to take 3-5 tablets or tablets per day after meals. An oil solution of vitamin A is taken 10-20 drops three times a day after meals on a piece of black bread. The duration of the course of application ranges from 2 weeks to 4 months and depends on the purpose for which vitamin A is used. Long-term courses for at least one month. After a monthly intake of vitamin A, it is necessary to take a break for 2-3 months, after which the course can be repeated.

Intramuscularly, a solution of vitamin A is administered every other day for adults at 10,000 - 100,000 IU and for children at 5,000 - 10,000 IU. The course of treatment is 20 - 30 injections.

The maximum allowable single dose of vitamin A when taken orally and intramuscularly is 50,000 IU (15,000 mcg or 15 mg), and the daily dose is 100,000 IU (30,000 mcg or 30 mg).

Locally, an oily solution of vitamin A is used to treat various wounds and inflammations of the skin (ulcers, frostbite, burns, non-healing wounds, eczema, boils, pustules, etc.), applying it to a previously cleaned affected surface. The wound surface is simply lubricated with an oil solution 5-6 times a day and covered with 1-2 layers of sterile gauze. If it is impossible to leave the wound open, then an ointment with vitamin A is applied to it and a sterile bandage is applied on top. With topical application of vitamin A, it is also mandatory to prescribe it orally in prophylactic dosages (5000 - 10,000 IU per day).

Description

pharmachologic effect

Pharmacokinetics

Indications for use

Contraindications

Dosage and administration

Side effect

Overdose

Interaction with other drugs

Application features

Release form

Storage conditions

Store in the original packaging in the refrigerator (at a temperature of + 2 °C to + 8 °C).

Should not be applied medicine after the expiration date indicated on the package.Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

Retinol Acetate (vitamin a) analogues, synonyms and preparations of the group

Self-medication can be harmful to your health.
It is necessary to consult a doctor, and also read the instructions before use.