Lifestyle and diet for thrombosis and thrombophlebitis: how to speed up recovery and make it tasty? Nutrition and treatment for thromboembolism.

Circulatory system plays a key role in the human body. Thanks to her, he continues to live in a comfortable mode, so you need to take care of her cleanliness. In the presence of toxins and toxins, normal functioning will be disrupted.

ginger;
fresh and frozen berries;
white onion;
vegetables(beets, paprika, tomatoes);
red grapes;
sea or river fish;
seafood;
cereals(oatmeal, barley);
lean meat;
berries, vegetables and fruits can be consumed in unlimited quantities;
garlic and bran.

It should be noted that after heat treatment beneficial features some products are somewhat reduced. Vegetables it is desirable to use fresh, and when cooking meat dishes, it is better to do without oil. Preferred cooking methods are boiling or steam method. Bran can be added to various dishes(bread and porridge).

REFERENCE! One of the components that prevents blood stasis from forming is flavonoids. It must be included in medical menu. The substance is found in large quantities in cherries, blueberries, raspberries, red grapes and citrus fruits.

Meat is allowed to eat, but it is better to replace it with seafood. Food should not be fatty, so it is best to opt for a bird. It is necessary to refuse frying for the period of recovery. It should be replaced by baking in the oven or stewing. From spices it is allowed to add cinnamon. They have a unique blood-thinning property. Additionally, the spice strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

Natural antioxidants must be present in the diet. It is allowed to brew every day green tea, mint, nettle and prunes.

IMPORTANT! These rules must be strictly followed in case of diagnosed thrombosis. Otherwise, the treatment will not give the expected result.

What not to eat

Every patient should know what not to eat with thrombophlebitis . For this, foods that contribute to blood clotting are excluded from the diet. At present, this group includes pig liver, soy, black currants and bananas. The use of these ingredients must be discarded.

AT medical practice A group of products has been identified, the use of which must be minimized:

sausage;
fatty meat broth;
dyes, preservatives and others harmful products nutrition;
bakery;
purchased sweets;
nuts (mainly walnuts);
dairy products with high content fat (sour cream, milk);
products with great content cocoa (chocolate);
dishes with a high content of salt and smoked meats;
fried foods;
pickled fruits and vegetables;
salo;
drinks with a high content of gases and other harmful additives.

Alcoholic drinks, green tea, soda and natural strong coffee bring harm to the vessels. Also on the banned list are fast food and various snacks - crackers and chips, especially if they contain a large number of seasonings

Temporarily it is necessary to exclude not only spices, but also sweets - cakes, cakes, buns. White muffin is replaced by black, and fresh bread needs to be dried in the oven.

It is strictly forbidden to eat in restaurants fast food. The food offered there is real threat human life and health. Its regular use leads to a deterioration in the condition of the vessels. In case of thrombosis, these institutions are not allowed to visit.

A diet for venous thrombosis must be observed. Otherwise, the risk of relapse increases. It should not be forgotten that diet food must be completely balanced.

Features of the diet for thrombosis

Classic breakfast, lunch and dinner are not enough for proper nutrition. The patient will have to switch to five meals a day. Portions are reduced: only 200 grams of food can be eaten at a time. But you can’t starve, and light snacks are allowed if necessary. Products from the allowed list are suitable for them.

Special attention given drinking regime: A large amount of liquid will help thin the blood and prevent the formation of blood clots. Permitted mineral water, non-acidic natural juices, homemade compotes. Sweet store-bought drinks do the body more harm than good.

Before making a menu for a week, you need to consult your doctor. If necessary, he will adjust the list of products, taking into account the prescribed medications. Doing it yourself is dangerous: anticoagulants, interacting with certain foods (for example, citrus fruits), can cause bleeding.

Fruits, vegetables and berries are suitable for any snack. During the treatment period, it is allowed to drink only teas, juices and compotes. Scientists were able to establish that if a patient refuses breakfast, then his risk of a heart attack increases. Additionally, it should be noted that refusing food in the morning several times increases the likelihood of blood clots in the vessels. It is necessary to take care of your health in a timely manner. In this case, there will be no need to deal with serious complications in the future.

Approximate menu for a few days

Eating habits are formed quickly, and it is quite difficult to abandon the usual diet. To simplify the process, a pre-prepared menu for the week helps, in which the dishes for each meal will be precisely determined.

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

It is recommended to cook food at a time. Several times a week can be used during cooking vegetable oil, preference should be given to linen, sesame or olive. Salads are also dressed with them: mayonnaise and store-bought sauces are banned.

What will help support the diet and increase its effectiveness?

Proper diet for varicose veins and thrombophlebitis lower extremities improves the effectiveness of prescribed therapy, but self-treatment is not. Treatment recommendations includes not only medicines and new system nutrition.

So, the patient needs mild physical activity: it helps to prevent congestion in the veins. This is especially important for office workers and those who have to be on their feet a lot due to work. During treatment, excessive loads are not recommended. It is worth giving preference to:

long walks;
swimming;
light morning exercises;
yoga;
slow runs.

Taking a bath is temporarily replaced by a shower, while the water should be at a moderate temperature, baths and saunas are postponed until the completion of therapy. In order not to harm the blood vessels, it is important to choose the most comfortable clothes and shoes: loose trousers, shoes or boots without heels and with an orthopedic insole.

Conclusion

To reduce the harm from physical activity, a person should consume enough liquids. Athletes must adhere to this rule without fail. Excessive exercise is dangerous for the blood flow and leads to the accumulation of blood.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) what it is is a severe, life-threatening condition for the patient, characterized by blockage of the lumen of the pulmonary artery or its branches by a part of a blood clot, which most often formed in the lower extremities or pelvic veins.

Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery (lungs) is not independent disease. It always occurs as a complication of venous thrombosis. According to WHO statistics, TELA ranks 3rd among all causes of death, trailing only stroke and cardiac ischemia. In 70% of deaths from this complication, the diagnosis was not made in a timely manner, because of which the patient did not receive adequate treatment.

PE leads to the death of 32% of people who have experienced the problem. In the first hour after the development of pathology, 10% of the victims die. In cases where dangerous state detected in time and carried out all the necessary therapy, the risk of death is reduced to 8%. Pathology is quite common, and it is faced by 1 person in 1000.

There are no clear symptoms of the body, which is why, when examined, its manifestations are often similar to signs of other diseases. Depending on whether large or small branches of the artery are affected, the symptoms are somewhat different.

With the defeat of small branches of the artery, the following manifestations of the pathology take place:

pain syndrome different intensity in the lower part of the chest or on the sides of the chest;
causeless shortness of breath;
tachycardia;
causeless feeling of pressure in the chest (it appears from the affected artery);
hard breath;
cough of varying intensity;
growing pneumonia;
moist rales;
vomit;
fainting;
pleurisy.

In the event that the volume of blockage is insignificant, the symptoms of the problem may be completely absent, which is very dangerous due to the development of a more severe lesion due to the lack of timely diagnosis and treatment. In the vast majority of cases, damage to small branches precedes massive pulmonary embolism, in which there is a high mortality rate.

When large branches of the artery are clogged, the signs of the lesion change somewhat. Pathology can be suspected if the following symptoms are present:

sharp especially strong weakness;
rapid shallow breathing;
intense pain in chest, which grows even more when trying to take a deep breath;
severe dizziness;
fainting;
increase in heart rate to more than 90 beats per minute;
pulsation and swelling of the veins of the neck;
hemoptysis;
severe pallor of the skin;
cyanosis of the skin of the upper half of the body, including the face;
cold, clammy sweat;
drop in blood pressure;
rise in temperature to 38 degrees.

Due to the severity of this condition, even if the victim receives immediate competent treatment, it is not always possible to save him.

Separately, it is worth highlighting early symptoms TELA, which, if detected early, can save the patient's life. They can occur with the defeat of small branches or not very significant blockage of large ones. In this state, a person usually begins to complain of a deterioration in well-being, in which he is concerned about the following phenomena:

shortness of breath with little physical exertion;
a slight temporary increase in temperature in the evening;
weak dry cough;
short-term weak pain syndrome in the affected area.

Most often, all these symptoms, due to their mild severity, remain ignored, so there is no timely treatment.

Sometimes a pathology that was not properly treated and did not turn out to be so severe as to lead the sick person to death turns into a chronic form. With it, the general well-being of the victim noticeably worsens.

Chronic PE manifests itself as follows:

shortness of breath on exertion;
increased fatigue;
marked weakness.

With the passage of full-fledged therapy, it is possible to solve the problem and return to the patient normal condition. manifestations of pathology in chronic form cannot be ignored since over time this phenomenon leads to severe damage to large branches of the artery, which often ends in death.

Causes of pulmonary embolism

Risk factors for the occurrence of pulmonary embolism are quite diverse. However, doctors have not yet been able to name the reasons that would lead to the development of PE in 100% of cases.

The main predisposing factors are:

Stagnation in the veins:
- varicose veins - most often affects the lower extremities;
- obesity - the heart in this state is overloaded and the full pumping of blood in the body is significantly complicated, which is why stagnation occurs with the formation of blood clots;
- serious heart failure - occurs with many diseases and repeatedly worsens the pumping function of the heart muscle;
- squeezing of blood vessels traumatic injuries bones;
- smoking - under the influence of nicotine, a vascular spasm occurs, which leads to a significant deterioration in blood permeability;
- diabetes mellitus - with the disease, significant cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels, which disrupts normal blood flow.
Prolonged limitation of mobility. In this condition, a violation of blood circulation occurs in the human body, blood stagnation appears. It also increases the load on the lungs.
Inflammatory processes in the lungs - pulmonary embolism is especially common in pneumonia with a particularly severe course;
Increased blood clotting. In this case, blood clots in the vessels form without blood stasis. Excessive blood viscosity is observed with certain types of oncology, the use of a number of medicines, dehydration and hereditary predisposition. During pregnancy, an increase in blood clotting in a woman is the norm, but despite this, it can still sometimes lead to pulmonary embolism.
Damage to the walls of blood vessels. The phenomenon may occur due to surgical interventions, in which an incision is not made, but a puncture is made in the vessel; when prosthetics of veins, installation of venous catheters, heavy bacterial infections, systemic inflammation, oxygen starvation.
Older age - the body begins to malfunction from time to time over the years, and therefore the risk of blood clots cannot be ruled out even with normal blood clotting at the time of the analysis.

Knowing what PE is, how it manifests itself and what contributes to its formation, you can significantly reduce the risk of death from this pathology.

Who is more susceptible to pathology?

The disease affects both sexes, but women experience PE more often. This is explained by doctors by the fact that during pregnancy, the load on cardiovascular system turns out to be much higher. The risk of PE is especially high in women who have had more than 2 pregnancies.

Particularly noteworthy are people who serious condition health bedridden, since the lack of a complete motor activity develops in them chronic stagnation of fluid in the lungs, leading to impaired blood circulation. In the event that the fluid pressure increases sharply and rapidly, PE can form.

Smokers and people who abuse alcohol often suffer from pathology due to the fact that under the influence of toxins ethyl alcohol and nicotine, there is a significant decrease in blood flow and the rapid formation of large blood clots.

How older age person, the higher the risk of thromboembolism pulmonary artery, which is why after 45 years, with the slightest discomfort in the chest, an urgent examination is required.

Classification

Classification of pathology is carried out according to several indicators:

Localization.
The extent of the lesion;
Flow.

Each of these indicators determines the severity of a particular feature of the pathology and helps determine the method of therapy that will be optimal in a particular case.

According to the localization, the following division is accepted:

Massive PE - a thrombus is found both in the trunk of the artery and in its main branches.
PE of the lobes of the branches of the pulmonary artery.
PE of small branches - most often bilateral.

According to how much the blood flow in the pulmonary artery is turned off, the pathology is divided into 4 groups:

Minor - less than 25% blood flow restriction, the condition is manifested only by shortness of breath and, in rare cases, mild pain.
Submassive PE - circulatory shutdown is in the range from 30 to 50%, the symptoms of the pathology are present, but weakly expressed and not everyone pays due attention to it.
Massive - violation of blood circulation affects more than 50% of the volume of blood flow in the lungs. The symptoms of the condition are clear and strong.
Fatal - shutting off more than 75% of blood flow. Death occurs within 1 hour. Medical assistance does not give a result.

According to the nature of the course, pulmonary embolism also has a division into 4 categories:

Lightning - complete instantaneous overlap of the artery trunk or both of its main branches, resulting in an acute respiratory failure and stop breathing. The death of the patient occurs in 3-4 minutes.
Acute - with this form, the deterioration of the patient's standing occurs very quickly, since obstruction of the branches of the artery develops in short term. The onset of this category of embolism is stormy with a very rapid increase in symptoms. Complicated by the fact that in most cases there is a heart attack pneumonia. In the absence of treatment, the patient can live a maximum of 3 days. Urgent medical intervention most often allows you to save the patient.
Prolonged - a long process in which multiple microinfarcts of the lungs occur. This phenomenon lasts for several weeks, gradually progressing and accompanied by an increase in respiratory and right ventricular failure.
Chronic - this pathology is also called recurrent PE. Manifested by recurring pulmonary infarcts, repeated pleurisy. It often develops as a complication after surgical interventions for oncology in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases.

It is very important that the doctor correctly qualifies the patient's condition, since therapy in different occasions not the same.

Diagnostic methods

When in medical institution a patient arrives with suspected PE, he immediately undergoes an examination, which allows to establish with maximum accuracy not only the presence of the pathology, but also its degree. Diagnosis of the body is carried out using several methods.

To detect pulmonary embolism, the following are used:

ECG - during the cardiogram, it is possible to determine signs of a significant overload of the right atrium, which always occurs with embolism, as well as overload of the right atrium, increased heart rate and its unevenness;
chest x-ray - radiological signs PE: expansion of the right atrium and roots of the lungs, fluid in the chest, dome of the diaphragm shifted upward on the side of the lesion;
magnetic resonance imaging - allows you to visualize the branches of the artery and determine the presence of a blood clot in them;
anopulmonography - X-ray examination with contrast agent, which allows you to accurately see the location of the blood clot. Today, this diagnostic method is the most accurate and frequently used;
Ultrasound of the heart - helps to determine changes in the right ventricle;
swintigraphy - used in the presence of contraindications to tomography. The method allows you to identify those areas of the lungs in which there is air, but insufficient blood circulation;
analysis for the level of d-dimers - their increased amount in the blood indicates that a blood clot has recently formed. It is not a 100% indicator of PE, since the disorder is present only in 90% of patients and also occurs in a number of diseases associated with blood loss.

After the examination, the doctor makes an accurate diagnosis. The hospital cannot miss the presence of a pulmonary embolism.

Angiopulmonography

Reference method for testing for PE contrast study vessels in the lungs. It is usually used in situations where other diagnostic methods have been ineffective. For carrying out, a radiopaque substance containing iodine is used. It is injected either into the peripheral parts of the venous system, or into the common trunk of the arteries, or directly to the place of interest in the lungs (selective angiopulmonography).

Image clarity at this method higher than in other diagnostic options. At the same time, two projections of the organ or its part, lateral and anterior, are obtained.

Target

Confirmation pulmonary thromboembolism. Estimate big picture diseases, analyze the state of the large and small circles of blood circulation. Accurately fix the location of the thrombus before surgical removal.

The patient is shown to refrain from eating for 8 hours before angiopulmonography.
Tests are taken for allergies to anesthetics and iodine-containing drugs. Blood and urine tests are also taken to assess the general condition of the body.
The patient is informed about the features of the manipulations, such as puncture of the veins, the introduction of a radiopaque substance, monitoring of cardiac activity.
The patient must sign a document - consent to the study.

How is it carried out

Ultrasound of the proposed injection site is performed.
The patient is transferred to the operating room where a sedative and an anesthetic are administered. Sometimes sedative drug introduced in the ward.
A vein or artery is punctured with a needle, a conductor is inserted.
The skin is incised by 2-3 mm and a device with a catheter is inserted through the conductor to the place to be examined.
A radiopaque substance is injected.
Local filming is in progress.
The catheter is removed.
A pressure bandage is applied to the incision site.
The patient is limited in physical activity for several hours and the puncture site is monitored for bleeding. It is recommended to drink up to 1.5 liters of clean water.

Contraindications

You can not carry out the procedure in the following cases:

pregnancy;
serious condition of the patient;
asthma;
increased body temperature;
allergy to drugs;
dysfunction of the kidneys and liver.

International disease code

All diseases for the convenience of physicians in different countries have a universal international code. For TELA Mkb-10 - 126.

Complications of the pathological condition

Consequences of PE in the absence timely treatment can be very difficult and dangerous. Formulation of the diagnosis:

infarction pneumonia - necrosis of part of the lung tissue with inflammatory process because of this;
pleurisy;
pulmonary (respiratory) insufficiency;
recurrence of PE - the reasons for its non-compliance with medical prescriptions, poor-quality treatment or severe damage to all vessels of the body.

All complications are extremely dangerous and require immediate treatment in a hospital.

In the first 2 weeks after the onset of PE, the cause of death in patients most often is acute heart failure and extensive bilateral pneumonia.

Survival prognosis

What are the chances of surviving a pulmonary embolism? The prognosis for PE for patients is very serious. It is no coincidence that pathology occupies the 3rd place in the world among the causes of death.

persons who have undergone treatment - in the first day after the onset of pathology, 24% of patients die due to complications and relapse;
persons with undiagnosed and untreated thromboembolism - among them, 30% die within 1 year after the onset of circulatory disorders
repeated pulmonary embolism - 45% of patients do not experience this condition.

Speaking about which patients are at increased risk of recurrent PE, the age factor should be noted. The younger the patient, the lower the risk of recurrence of pathology.

First aid

Emergency care for pulmonary embolism should be provided to the patient as soon as possible. a short time after development pathological condition. Not infrequently, the life of a victim of PE depends on the quality of first aid.

In the event that the embolism is not massive, then the patient is prescribed direct anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparins or heparin). Thrombolytic therapy is also carried out using infusions for intravenous infusion.

At emergency victim of massive pulmonary embolism carry out the following urgent actions:

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation - required in case of cardiac arrest. Is in indirect massage hearts, artificial respiration. When providing treatment in the hospital, forced ventilation of the lungs;
decline oxygen starvation- the use of a mask with a generalized oxygen composition;
Intravenous administration with a dropper saline solutions to normalize blood pressure.
Maintaining adrenaline at critically low pressure.

The patient needs the help of qualified doctors, which is why, if symptoms of PE occur, it is urgent to call an ambulance, and if the person's condition deteriorates quickly, then an intensive care machine.

Treatment

In pathology, both medication and surgery, depending on the patient's condition and the degree of blood flow cut off.

Medical therapy

Drug treatment can be carried out as the main mild degree lesions, as well as during the rehabilitation period after surgical intervention. The main drugs used in the fight against PE are:

heparin and low molecular weight heparins - they inhibit blood clotting and prevent further thrombus formation, which will lead to even greater blockage of the pulmonary artery;
warfarin is a drug that increases blood clotting and is used from the 3rd day of using heparin to prevent internal bleeding and restoration of normal blood clotting;
streptokinase - a drug that promotes the dissolution of blood clots;
alteplase - a drug that destroys a blood clot;
xarelto is an EU-certified drug for the treatment of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis. It is also used to prevent recurrence of pathology.

Surgery

In the event that the lesion is serious and there is no time to wait for the dissolution of the thrombus, or taking medications for some reason is not possible, surgical intervention is performed, the simplest of which is thrombolis. With such manipulation, if it is undertaken before the patient enters the hospital, the drug is injected into the cubital vein.

In a hospital setting, the composition for eliminating a blood clot with the help of special catheters is injected directly into the affected area. The trauma of such an intervention is minimal. The risk of complications from the operation is also low.

Embolectomy - most often prescribed for acute pathology. During such an operation, a blood clot is removed directly from the artery. The method of intervention is determined by the doctor. The risk of such an operation is very high, therefore, it is resorted to only as a last resort. Manipulation can be carried out through a puncture or an open method using cardiopulmonary bypass. Intervention today allows you to save every second of those who were considered hopeless just a few years ago.

thrombenderterectomy- an operation in which the inner wall of the artery is removed along with the thrombus attached to it. Intervention is indicated for chronic PE.

Alternative treatment

Prevent, and even more so cure blockage of blood vessels in the lungs folk remedies impossible, no matter how various healers assured of this. In the event that there are signs of embolism, it is unacceptable to waste time on self-treatment with dubious methods, but you should immediately seek qualified help.

Recovery period after illness

During the recovery period after a pulmonary thromboembolism, the victim prescribed drugs that regulate blood clotting, and bed rest to prevent the development of recurrent pathology. At this time, it is required to strictly observe all clinical guidelines doctor and carefully monitor your condition.

In the event that it has not been open operation, the recovery period is significantly reduced and lasts up to 3 months. After open surgery, rehabilitation can last six months or more.

Changing the quality of life

After the transferred pathology and full recovery significant deterioration in the quality of life in most patients is not observed, despite certain restrictions and somewhat worsened general state. To prevent recurrence of the disease, strict adherence to the diet, avoidance of overload and regular examinations are necessary. Thus, life after PE has its own characteristics.

Not infrequently, patients note the presence of weakness and the inability to easily endure prolonged, albeit not very strong, physical activity. Besides, after PE, it is not recommended to fly and dive, as sharp drops atmospheric pressure can lead to severe deterioration of a person's condition.

Probability of relapse

The recurrence of pulmonary embolism occurs most often in old age if there is a significant amount of blood clots in the body. Pathology can recur even if medical prescriptions are not followed. In most cases, the recurrence of the pathology leads to lethal outcome, since the recurrence is most often more severe than the primary embolism.

During pregnancy

Pulmonary artery obstruction syndrome during pregnancy occurs more often in women carrying the 3rd and subsequent child, when the body is already somewhat weakened by a series of pregnancies. With a weak degree of circulatory disorders, there are no symptoms, in other cases it remains standard.

Since not all drugs are safe for the fetus, early delivery may be considered in late pregnancy. With the development acute condition mortality is the same percentage as in normal cases. With lightning-fast pulmonary embolism in pregnant women, death occurs not only for the mother, but also for the fetus, which can be saved even for later dates, fails.

Diet Features

To prevent recurrence of pulmonary embolism, it is recommended to review your diet. Patients should exclude cholesterol-rich foods from their diet and minimize the amount of salt consumed to the recommended daily dose.

smoked;
fried;
salty;
fast food.

Refuse is also required from alcoholic beverages, strong tea and coffee. The basis of the menu should be dairy products, lean boiled meat, vegetables and fruits. You can learn more about nutrition at.

PE in pneumonia

Against the background of pneumonia, pathology can develop as a complication in severe course illness. In such a situation, the patient's condition is assessed as extremely serious. It is not uncommon for cases when, despite all the therapy, it is not possible to save the patient. Treatment for pathology in this situation is carried out similarly to pulmonary embolism without pneumonia.

Is there a disability?

With pulmonary embolism in some cases, the patient is given a disability, since his ability to work is significantly reduced and life-long medication is required. Usually such an outcome occurs after a mass thromboembolism, when many parts of the lungs were seriously affected due to impaired blood circulation.

The need for recognition of disability is determined by the medical commission based on the results of analyzes, forecasts for the patient and his general well-being.

Can anemia develop?

Whether there can be anemia in PE is of interest to many patients, since in this condition the quality of life sometimes decreases significantly. Anemia develops in similar condition not often, but still take into account this fact. This phenomenon is associated with excessive blood viscosity, due to which it ceases to function normally, and its composition worsens. In order to get rid of anemia, the doctor, based on the results diagnostic treatment, selects one or another drug.

Preventive measures

At proper conduct preventive measures prevent development dangerous phenomenon possible with a high degree of efficiency.

Prevention of the body is as follows:

installation of a cava filter - this mesh device is installed through a small surgical intervention in the lumen of the inferior vena cava at the risk of developing pulmonary embolism. Thanks to the filter, the clot is delayed and does not reach the pulmonary artery or heart. Anesthesia during the procedure is light;
maximum early recovery activity in diseases requiring bed rest;
massage of the lower extremities during bed rest to prevent congestion;
the use of heparin to reduce blood clotting during bed rest;
wearing support stockings;
maintaining active image life;
to give up smoking;
quitting nicotine;
timely removal of blood clots in the veins of the lower extremities;
proper nutrition.

Attention! Particular attention must be paid to wearing varicose veins veins and pregnancy, since it is in these cases that congestion in the lower extremities develops especially quickly.

Useful video

Familiarize yourself visually with what bodies are:

Conclusion

Pulmonary embolism can occur at any age, even in people who are considered completely healthy, since a piece of thrombus is not always detected. For this reason, when symptoms of a pathology occur, a person needs urgent medical help.

The diagnosis of PE is not always a sentence, and if all the recommendations of doctors are followed, a person after pathology can live for many more years.

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thrombosis is dangerous disease blood vessels, in which blood coagulability increases, clots form in the vessels, blood circulation is disturbed. Thrombosis is often confused with a disease such as thrombophlebitis.

In the absence of proper treatment, vascular disease causes dangerous complications (), up to death.
Vascular disease is treated comprehensively, one of the main points therapeutic impact is a diet. Proper nutrition necessary for weight correction, reducing blood viscosity, cleansing and strengthening blood vessels.

Diet principles

The diet for thrombosis is designed to solve the following problems:

Weight loss in overweight patients.
Stool normalization.
Cleansing of blood vessels, increasing their strength.
Stimulation of metabolism.

Patients are transferred to special treatment meals for 3 to 4 weeks. With the help of a diet, a significant improvement in the patient's condition can be achieved. In addition, doctors recommend to arrange fasting days twice in 7 days.

Nutrition is adjusted depending on the medication prescribed by the doctor. This is due to the fact that some products reduce the effectiveness of drugs. For example, do not eat garlic while taking Warfarin. For this reason, the decision to change the menu is made by the doctor.

Approved Products

Patients with thrombosis are advised to saturate the body with omega-3-unsaturated fatty acids, which are in marine fish, shellfish. Tocopherol has a beneficial effect on blood vessels, has an antioxidant effect, prevents the formation of blood clots. You can find this vitamin in following products: cashew, sea buckthorn, dried apricots, germinated grains, oatmeal and barley groats. Sea fish also contains vitamin E.

It is very important to enrich your diet with fresh fruits and vegetables.

The diet for deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities should include the following products:

Onions are needed to inhibit congestion, stimulate the dissolution of blood clots. In addition, the vegetable reduces the thrombogenic effect of fatty foods. According to doctors, in order to block fats, you need to eat only half of a medium onion.
Red grapes contain resveratrol. This substance prevents the accumulation of platelets.
Berries can be consumed fresh and frozen.
Ginger contains gingerol, which thins the blood.
Gingko biloba stimulates blood circulation, dilates blood vessels, making them more durable.
Fish oil with omega-3, 6 fatty acids destroys fibrin, due to which blood clots form. In addition, the substance reduces blood viscosity.

Vegetables (tomatoes, paprika, beets) should be included in the patient's diet, because they dissolve blood clots. Doctors say that the lowest concentration of fibrinogen (the protein that converts fibrin into a blood clot) is found in vegetarians.

A patient with thrombosis can consume lean meat three times in 7 days. In this case, the product can be boiled or steamed.

List of prohibited products

During treatment, you should avoid foods that slow blood flow, promote the accumulation of platelets and the formation of blood clots.
For the period of the diet, foods that contain vitamin K are excluded from the daily menu. This is due to the fact that this element provokes an increase in blood viscosity and increases the risk of thrombosis.

For patients prone to thrombosis, fast food should be completely excluded from the menu.

Nutrition for thrombosis should be beneficial, for this reason the patient should refuse the following products:

All types of nuts (except cashews).
Smoked, canned products.
Sweets.
Salty food that retains fluid in the body.
Alcoholic drinks.
Blue or purple berries (for example, blackcurrant).
White grapes, pomegranate.
Rosehip, rowan.
Bananas.
Fatty meat broth.
pork, beef liver, kidneys, heart, lungs.
Dairy products with a high percentage of fat.
Convenience foods, fast food that contains trans fats and low-density cholesterol.
Sausages, sausages, sausages.
Cabbage of all kinds, spinach.
Legumes.
Tonic drinks (coffee, tea).

The above products increase blood viscosity, as a result, platelets become sticky and form a blood clot.

Menu example

A nutritionist will help the patient to make the most appropriate menu, depending on the prescribed drugs. Approximate diet for a patient for 3 days.

Proper nutrition will help prevent problems with the vessels of the legs.

1 day:

Breakfast - fruit or berry oatmeal on the water with the addition of honey and unsweetened green tea.
Lunch - soup with vegetables, boiled potatoes, 200 g of baked fish, compote.
Snack - any fruit (not bananas).
Dinner - vegetable stew, tomato and cucumber salad, tea.

2 day:

Buckwheat porridge on the water, tea.
Ukha, boiled meat (chicken), vegetable salad, compote.
Fruit and 100 g cashews.
Boiled rice, vegetable salad, jelly.

3 day:

Oatmeal, freshly squeezed juice.
Soup with vegetables, boiled meat, vegetable salad, jelly.
Pumpkin or sunflower seeds, any fruit.
Buckwheat porridge, vegetable salad, tea.

After treatment, the patient can eat different foods, but from junk food should be abandoned.

To increase the effectiveness of the diet, the patient must follow the following rules:

Be physically active to prevent congestion. Dancing, swimming, walking will improve blood circulation. A serious load on the legs is contraindicated (squats with weights).
It is forbidden to take a hot bath.
Avoid tight clothing, corsets, socks, and shoes. The permissible heel height for thrombosis is about 4 cm.
The patient must give up cigarettes and alcohol, otherwise the likelihood of developing inflammatory processes increases.
Compression garments should be worn while flying on an airplane.
It is recommended to consume at least 1.5 liters of liquid (filtered water, natural juices, compote).

Thus, deep vein thrombosis is serious illness which threatens dangerous complications. Diet is important component complex therapy. The patient must follow the dietitian's recommendations and healthy lifestyle life. Only in this case it will be possible to speed up the recovery.

As you know, blood has the ability to clot. It's normal defense mechanism which stops bleeding in case of damage to the vessel.

But inflammation of the endothelium (the inner lining of the vessel) is also perceived by the body as damage, and the blood begins to clot inside the inflamed vessel. As a rule, this process develops in the veins, since the blood flow velocity in them is lower, and the wall is thinner than that of the arteries. In this case, blood clots are formed - blood clots, which narrow the lumen of the vessel and prevent normal outflow venous blood. This condition is called thrombophlebitis.

Most often, thrombophlebitis develops in the veins of the leg, since the speed of blood flow in them is minimal, and the load on vascular wall and venous valves is great.

Since the thrombus is continuously growing, its beginning (place of attachment) may be in the veins of the leg, and the end (freely located in the lumen of the vessel) - in the inferior vena cava, somewhere in the middle of the body. This thrombus is unstable. His top part can come off, then through the inferior vena cava and the right parts of the heart, it enters the blood vessels of the lungs with the blood flow and clogs them. This condition is called pulmonary embolism - PE. This is severe complication thrombophlebitis is often fatal.

Methods for the prevention of thromboembolism are conditionally divided into mechanical (including the period of the operation) and medicinal (subcutaneous injection of low doses of a heparin solution, which reduces blood clotting). Mechanical Methods preventive measures include elevated leg position, constant wear elastic stockings or bandaging the legs, therapeutic gymnastics, electrical stimulation of the leg muscles, pneumocompression of the legs. Spa treatment possibly 6 months after the subsidence of the acute process. If the patient has already had embolisms, then resort to more complex operational measures to prevent the embolus from entering the arterial vessels, including the pulmonary artery. Here already the last word remains with the surgeon.

There are ways to stop detached blood clots in the inferior vena cava. One of them is vein stitching. In this case, several channels are formed in the lumen of the vein. Blood passes through them freely, and blood clots are delayed.

Broken blood clots can also be caught using a special filter installed in the inferior vena cava. Many varieties of such filters have been invented. For example, some are shaped like an umbrella. When folded, such an "umbrella" is carried into a vein and opens there. The "rods" of the filter umbrella are fixed on the wall of the vessel. The device remains in the vein and serves as a good trap for blood clots.

More perfect model The filter looks like an hourglass. Such a filter is stronger, it is attached to the inner wall of the vein, forming a double barrier. AT last years the installation of a temporary, removable filter is widely used. When the risk of complications decreases, the filter can be removed.

During illness, it is better to eat more vegetables and fruits, less animal fats and carbohydrates. Products should not be consumed fried or smoked, but stewed, sautéed, baked. It is not recommended to eat meat, fish.

From alternative medicine drink with thrombophlebitis long time infusion of nettle leaves. Pour 1 cup boiling water over 2 tbsp. l. leaves, insist 1 hour and strain. Drink 3 times a day for 1/3 cup.

A decoction of oak bark is also used, which has a firming effect, like resin, on internal vessels; 1 st. l. brew the bark with 1 cup of boiling water, heat over low heat for 25 minutes, leave for 40 minutes. Strain. Drink but 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day before meals.

Additionally