Teething in infants: the main symptoms. When does a child start teething? When to consult a doctor

All young parents face big challenges when their baby is teething. "How to ease the pain of the crumbs?" - main question, which are given by dads and moms. Of course, some children experience this period almost painlessly. However, most babies suffer from pain and other discomfort.

What happens when a child is teething

Most of all, parents panic when the baby starts to cry, and the reason has not yet been identified. It's not hard to understand at all. The gums turn red and swell, the skin of the cheeks acquires a painful blush, sleep is disturbed, appetite disappears, constant desire bite or suck. In addition, the baby can dramatically change mood, being either in an excited or depressed state.

However, the worst thing for parents is the first teeth. After their appearance, all these symptoms subside.

When the teeth appear

The very first are the lower central incisors. These teeth appear after three months(for most babies - about six months).

On the upper jaw the central incisors begin to grow at the age of six to nine months. Lateral incisors appear after them - at ten to twelve months. As a rule, a baby has eight teeth a year. Although a smaller or larger number of any deviations in development does not speak at all. Each child has individual characteristics of the organism.

Then everything goes almost painlessly. However, this is not for long. The most terrible period is the appearance of fangs - about a year and a half. The nerve responsible for the reactions and movements of the upper part of the child's face is located right next to the loosening of these teeth.

By the age of two, there are already eight teeth in each jaw, by the age of three - ten. This is the so-called complete set. Molar milk teeth will be replaced at the age of seven or eleven.

Why does the child hurt so much

Of course, there are few pleasant sensations. In addition, when a baby's teeth are cut, this does not mean at all that the next ones will not come in the next day. In addition, often their eruption is also accompanied by high fever or diarrhea.

Although many pediatricians do not believe in the relationship between these symptoms and the appearance of teeth, since they do not appear so often. Therefore, experts advise getting rid of these problems as independent ailments. But do not forget that with such symptoms, you still have to consult a doctor.

How to ease the pain

So the baby is teething. How to alleviate the pain, since it is present? How to get rid of irritability and nervousness? With the advent of the crumbs, it is not easy. These sensations are new for the baby, because he can be very worried.

First of all, when a baby is teething, a pediatrician can tell you how to relieve pain. The doctor can suggest many different ways. It could be painkillers or various means to lower the temperature.

The child is often also helped by special dental rings that stimulate teething and facilitate the general condition of the crumbs. As a rule, they are made of hypoallergenic harmless silicone. The rings lie for some time in the refrigerator, after which they are given to the baby. However, chilled terry napkins, raw peeled carrots, a frozen banana or cucumber can also replace them. Do not just leave the crumbs alone with these things. Otherwise, he may choke.

The baby's skin also needs to be protected. Apply to those parts of the body that come into contact with saliva special cream(on the neck, chin and chest).

The child must massage the gums. In this case, you can use clove or chamomile oil, or a piece of ice wrapped in a cloth. Simple compresses with decoctions of medicinal herbs also help well. To relieve pain in the gums, chamomile or oak bark is suitable.

The child needs more distraction and play with him. If you hold it vertically, taking it in your hands, the pain will subside, as the blood flow to the head will decrease.

You have to be very patient, kind and caring. The baby at this time will need a lot of your attention. He must not be allowed to scream and cry for too long, as this will exhaust his nervous system.

The child needs to be given plenty of water in order to compensate for the loss of fluid along with the release of saliva. Well, of course, you will need to monitor the air temperature in the children's room, maintaining it at an optimal level. The room must be regularly ventilated and dusted in time.

If you lose your appetite...

Not only the temperature or nervousness of the child worries parents when he is teething. How to relieve pain is also easy for moms and dads to remember. But here's what to do if the crumbs

In this case, you can offer your baby cold fruit puree or yogurt. This food perfectly cools the gums and awakens the appetite of the child. Delicious mashed potatoes will at least satisfy his hunger a little.

It is very difficult for a baby to suckle a breast or a bottle at this time, since the blood, rushing to the gums, makes them much more sensitive. Temporary solution - a cup! However, often the child rejects absolutely everything that is offered to him. In this case, only mother's hugs and affection will help.

Teething gels

In extreme cases, you can also use medications. When teeth are being cut, the gel recommended by the pediatrician can be a real salvation. These products contain an antiseptic and local anesthetic, which allows you to simultaneously alleviate pain and prevent inflammation.

The gel is rubbed in small amounts into sore spot clean finger. As a result, the gum becomes numb for 15-20 minutes. However, it is not recommended to use the gel more than six times a day.

At breastfeeding do not use the drug right before the baby is going to eat. Otherwise, his tongue may become numb and it will be very difficult for him to suckle. Accordingly, the feeding process will become unpleasant for both mother and baby.

Some parents also use homeopathic balls sold in pharmacies. These drugs must be absorbed. There are also special tablets and powders. You can use them, but before that you need to make sure that they do not contain sugar. Otherwise, the teeth will begin to collapse from the very beginning of their appearance.

Use of paracetamol

What to do in the event that the crumbs rises too high a temperature? Doctors, when teeth are cut, do not recommend using medicines in most cases. However, when the temperature is too high, it is better to still try to give this drug. The medicine will bring it down and allow you to get rid of the discomfort. The most important thing is to make sure that the reason is teething. But it is still better to first consult with a good specialist.

How long to suffer with teeth

For each child, the process of teething lasts individually, but by the age of two and a half to three years, almost all children can boast of a smile of twenty milk teeth. Although some kids still do not have enough of them even at the age of three.

They will serve the baby until they are replaced by the indigenous ones.

If teeth are not cut

You will have to worry when the baby is already a year old, but there is no need to talk about the appearance of teeth. First of all, you need to contact your pediatrician. It is possible that late eruption is an innate feature of the body, but a specialist consultation will in no way hurt.

What Not to Do

In a word, when teeth are cut, what parents should do is very clear. But there are some things you can't do. You also need to know about this. The child should not be fed fatty, sweet or salty food. It's best to offer him rice porridge, boiled on water, drying, biscuit cookies.

Alcohol and alcohol-containing preparations are strictly prohibited for use. Analgin and aspirin can not be taken by the baby either.

Immune system during teething

The appearance of teeth does not affect the level of immunity in any way. However, saliva, which is produced in large quantities, begins to lose all its protective properties. Of course, the resistance of the immune system is still partially reduced.

Thus, with a weakened body, the baby's temperature rises, indigestion, pain and other symptoms occur that the baby faces when teeth are cut. The photo below clearly shows how the child is suffering at this time.

So, if after three or four months you notice excessive irritability, tearfulness in your baby, liquid stool, if he constantly pulls something into his mouth, do not even hesitate - he is teething. If there are no signs of flu or acute respiratory infections in a child, but the temperature rises above 38 degrees, you can also be firmly convinced that the reason is teething. You can knock it down aqueous solution vinegar (a tablespoon of vinegar to five tablespoons of water). This solution wipes the forehead, wrists, internal joints of the elbows and knees.

Before going to bed at this time, you can give the child some warm water with three drops of valerian. In addition to toothache, this solution also relieves gases, elevated temperature, indigestion and a tendency to allergic reactions. This tool is just a universal doctor!

Unpleasant symptoms are observed in almost all children during teething. The task of parents is to figure out how to deal with this. Given all the above recommendations, you can help your baby easily endure this difficult period.

And, of course, do not forget that the main thing for any problems is mother's affection, tenderness and warmth. It is mother's concern in the best way help the baby survive the pain and other unpleasant sensations. However, it is no secret that this applies not only to toothache, but also to any other ailments ...

From this article you will learn:

signs of teething in children
terms of eruption of milk teeth, permanent teeth,
teething in infants: photo.

Teething in children has a certain sequence, and should also be paired, i.e. identical teeth must erupt at the same time, for example, a pair of central incisors, a pair of lateral incisors or a pair of canines. Below in the diagrams you will find the timing and sequence of teething in children.

However, if you suddenly saw that your baby's teething time does not coincide with the average values, then you should not immediately panic about this. Approximately 50% of modern children have a shift in the timing of eruption of milk and permanent teeth. It happens due to certain reasons which we will also discuss below.

What teething looks like: photo

Teething in infants, infants and older children is fundamentally no different. What teething looks like in children - you can see in the photo 1-9. Below we will also list in detail all the symptoms of teething in children.

Gums during teething: photo

In some cases, 2-3 weeks before the eruption of the milk or permanent tooth a lump may appear on the gum, filled with a clear or bluish liquid (Fig. 6-7). This is not a pathology and is not associated with inflammation. No intervention (other than periodic inspection) is required. Only in the case when the bump becomes large enough - you can make a small incision and, thus, release the accumulated bloody fluid.

Terms and order of teething in a child -

As we said above: teeth should erupt in pairs, in a certain sequence, as well as on average terms (indicated in the tables below). However, in modern children, it is increasingly possible to observe premature or delayed teething. Premature or late eruption is considered to be a deviation from the average time of 2-3 months for milk teeth, as well as 2-4 years for permanent teeth.

1. The order of eruption of milk teeth -

In a newborn child, inside the upper and lower jaws there are 20 rudiments of temporary teeth (10 follicles for each jaw). As for the rudiments of permanent teeth, at the time of the birth of a child, there are only 16 of them. But the remaining 16 rudiments of permanent teeth are formed in the jaws after the birth of a child. The central incisors usually erupt first. mandible.

Table / Scheme of eruption of milk teeth:

Causes of violation of the terms of eruption of milk teeth -

Studies show that the proportion of children with normal teething times (shown in the table) is only about 42% overall. The delay in the timing of eruption was observed in approximately 48% of children, and in 10% of all children - observed early eruption milk teeth. This is especially dependent on the type of feeding of the child, as well as the diseases suffered by the pregnant woman and the child himself in the first year of life.

Feeding in the first year of life –
research results clearly show the dependence of the timing of eruption of milk teeth on the type of feeding. Research has shown that children in artificial feeding delayed eruption occurs 1.5 times more often - compared with children on breastfeeding, and 2.2 times more often than children on mixed feeding.
In addition, early teething in the group of formula-fed children was observed 1.8 times more often - compared with children on breastfeeding, and was completely absent in the group of mixed-fed children.
The researchers also give the following results: in mixed-fed children, the eruption terms were normal in 71.4% of cases, in breastfed children, such terms were observed in 53.7% of cases, and in artificial feeding normal timing eruption occurred only in 28% of children.

Other causes of violations of the eruption of milk teeth–
can affect the timing of teething the following diseases pregnant woman...

toxicosis of the 1st-2nd half of pregnancy,
kidney disease,
transferred pneumonia or acute respiratory infections with high fever,
herpetic infection, rubella, toxoplasmosis,
constant chronic or short-term severe stress.

But the timing of eruption can be affected not only by the diseases of a pregnant woman, but also by diseases and conditions in the first year of the child's life -

sepsis of the newborn
transferred pneumonia, frequent acute respiratory infections,
convulsive states,
intestinal toxicosis,
prematurity and postmaturity,
rhesus conflict.

2. Terms of eruption of permanent teeth -

You can see the sequence and timing of teething in children in Scheme No. 2. Of the permanent teeth, the 6th teeth (1st molars) erupt first. These are the most important teeth in the entire dento-jaw system, which, unfortunately, are often immediately affected by caries. Therefore, immediately after their eruption, pediatric dentists always recommend making these teeth.

Graph / Scheme of teething in children:

Causes of violation of the terms of eruption of permanent teeth -

If in milk teeth a deviation from the average eruption time of 2-3 months is recognized as premature or late eruption, then for permanent teeth this figure is 2-4 years. Among the main reasons for the delay in the eruption of permanent teeth, it is especially worth highlighting the inflammatory processes that preceded this in the area of the roots of milk teeth, as well as the early removal of milk molars.

Purulent inflammation at the roots of milk teeth –
if your child has developed (this may look like swelling or a bump on the gum), either painful biting on one of the teeth, or a fistula with purulent discharge may appear on the gum - this means that the tops of the root of the milk tooth have developed purulent inflammation. Most often, this disease is the result of untreated caries (you can see a carious cavity or filling on the causative tooth), or it is the result of a tooth injury, for example, as a result of a bruise.
If we were talking about a permanent tooth, then the treatment would consist in removing the nerve from the tooth and filling the root canals. But due to the peculiarities of the structure of milk teeth, they cannot be subjected to such treatment. Such teeth, according to all textbooks on dentistry, should only be removed, because. a purulent process in the area of the roots of a milk tooth is separated by only a few mm of bone from the germ of a permanent tooth. Many not very competent doctors do not recommend removing such teeth, citing the fact that it can affect the eruption of permanent teeth.
Such doctors do not remove such teeth and leave children with a purulent infection in the mouth. However, studies have shown that pus and toxins from the area of inflammation affect the rudiments of permanent teeth, leading not only to the same violations of the timing of eruption, but sometimes even to the death of the rudiment of a permanent tooth. Not to mention the fact that a purulent infection affects the entire growing body, increasing the risk of developing allergies, bronchial asthma, bronchitis and tonsillitis.

Other causes of delayed eruption of permanent teeth –

underdevelopment of the jaw bones,
including - premature removal of milk molars,
incorrect position of the buds,
various diseases in childhood...

Which permanent teeth are most likely to experience delayed eruption? –

one of the canines of the upper jaw - occurs in 43.64% of children,
2 canines of the upper jaw at once - in 25.65%,
the second premolar of the lower jaw - in 12.84%,
immediately 2 canines of the upper jaw and second premolars of the lower jaw - in 10.34%,
both second premolars of the lower jaw - in 5.11%,
both lateral incisors of the upper jaw - in 2.61%.

Teething: symptoms

Signs of teething in infants usually begin 3-5 days before eruption. The symptoms of teething in a child continue exactly until the moment when the teeth appear through the mucous membrane of the gums.

1. The main symptoms of teething in infants -

swelling, swelling of the gums at the site of eruption,
irritability,
bad dream,
poor appetite, malnutrition,
the child tries to bite everything that is necessary, trying to relieve the itching in the gums,
increased salivation,
rash and irritation around the mouth and chin, as well as on the chest
(due to drooling from the mouth).

2. Additional signs of eruption of the first teeth -

Teething: temperature -
The temperature in a child during teething should not normally rise. Heat during teething is most likely the result of some concomitant inflammatory process not associated with teething, for example, SARS or herpetic viral stomatitis.
Carefully examine the oral mucosa of the child for the presence of -
→ small bubbles filled with a clear or cloudy liquid,
→ small erosions surrounded by an inflamed bright red mucous membrane,
→ bright red inflamed gums.
How to take care of baby teeth
Oral hygiene should begin before the first teeth erupt. Usually cleaning the gums of babies is carried out twice a day. It is done either with the help of a special fabric fingertip, or a clean bandage wound around a finger and moistened with boiled water. When the teeth erupt, they are already needed special means hygiene

Teething in a child is a crucial period in the life of an infant, for some parents this process becomes a real test. The problem lies in the presence of characteristic unpleasant symptoms that accompany the baby during the appearance of the first units of the dentition.

Do I need to see a doctor, how to relieve pain, what should parents do? Every responsible parent should know about the ways to alleviate the suffering of the baby, the necessary actions.

Terms of eruption of milk teeth

The dentition is formed in the womb, when the rudiments of teeth develop in the gums of the fetus. Contrary to popular belief that the first teeth should appear at a strictly allotted time, the process has no clear restrictions. The appearance of the first teeth, as well as other features of the development of the parameters of the child, are individual (growth, closure of the baby, weight gain).

The timing of teething in infants depends on many factors:

heredity;
maternal nutrition during pregnancy;
the race of the child;
individual characteristics;
ecology and climate of the environment.

The above aspects significantly affect the development of crumbs, teething. The process can begin in the third month of a baby's life; in some cases, the onset of the appearance of the dentition is noted after 1 year. The process is natural and necessary, you can only eliminate unpleasant symptoms Help your child get through a difficult time.

Normally, pediatricians consider the appearance of the first teeth to be about six months old, up to a year about seven units should erupt. In a certain order, all milk teeth (20 pieces) appear before the age of three.

The early appearance of "residents" in the oral cavity indicates the presence of a large number nutrients in the body. Most often, the aspect is due to the reception by the mother multivitamin preparations during pregnancy. Do not worry about this, the process is normal, does not threaten the health of the crumbs.

Be vigilant on early teeth caries appears more often, the probability of other diseases is high. Sound the alarm if the process began before three months, this indicates hormonal disorders in the body. Note if the dentition is not found after a year. In any case, visit a doctor, identify the cause of this state of events, take up treatment.

Possible reasons for the delay in the appearance of the first units of the dentition:

late feeding;
diseases gastrointestinal tract, problems with the endocrine system;
poor nutrition;
frequent diseases in a child of infectious etiology;
prematurity;
genetic failures;
unbalanced diet;
violation mineral metabolism, rickets.

Each problem requires an immediate solution, do not allow complications, neglect of the situation.

Each child is individual, it is difficult to specify the exact timing and order of teething in infants, but pediatricians give a general prognosis:

6-8 months the lower incisors erupt - the central teeth. Elements usually appear alternately, sometimes both at once;
8–10 months the upper central incisors appear similar to the previous ones;
at the age of 9–12 months, lower and lateral incisors appear;
within six months after the mark in the year, molars should appear ( chewing teeth). Normally, two appear above and the same number below;
The fangs are the most painful for the baby, they begin to appear at the age of one and a half years, their growth can last up to three years.

There is a certain formula for calculating teething in crumbs: subtract four from the age of the child (in months), the resulting number is an approximate amount necessary teeth in the oral cavity.

Note! By the age of three, 20 milk teeth should appear. If the process goes wrong, seek help from a doctor.

Characteristic symptoms

Just like the timing symptoms of eruption of dentition units are purely individual. Depending on age, the clinical picture can vary greatly. For many children and parents, the process brings a lot of inconvenience, there is a high probability of feeling pain. Some "lucky ones" notice new "residents" of the oral cavity quite by accident.

First manifestations

Painful swollen gums, increased salivation, restless behavior of the crumbs are the first signs of teething. Symptoms may appear up to a month before the first tooth is seen. Painful sensations, discomfort provokes sleep problems in children, loss of appetite, some crumbs express a desire to gnaw on all surrounding objects.

With the approach of the crucial moment, a whitish protrusion is noticeable on the gum of the child. Some parents sometimes knock on education with a spoon, if a sonorous clatter is emitted, then the first tooth will soon appear. Doctors do not recommend such manipulations; a visual examination is quite enough.

Minor features

Many doctors do not associate additional symptoms with teething. But the deterioration of the condition is directly related to the appearance of units of the dentition. The process takes more than one month, during this period the child is subject to various infections, noticing the following symptoms, consult a doctor, excluding other diseases:

elevated body temperature. The appearance of new "residents" in the baby's mouth provokes the release of special substances, which is perceived by the immune system as a threat to health. In most cases, the temperature lasts for several days, the maximum mark is 39 degrees;
moist cough. The problem is caused by the accumulation of a large amount of saliva in the oral cavity. Cough during teething is a rather rare occurrence, exacerbated by lying down. The presence of a symptom for more than two days is a reason to visit a doctor;
snot during teething. Appears as a result of excessive formation of mucus in the sinuses. Watery discharge is observed for 3-4 days, regularly clean the nose of the crumbs from snot;
diarrhea during teething. Explained increased excretion saliva, which triggers intestinal peristalsis in an enhanced mode. Diarrhea against the background of the appearance of teeth is a frequent occurrence, no more than three times a day, lasting about 3-4 days. Impurities of blood, incomprehensible mucus in feces- an alarming sign, visit a doctor.

Can it be set at temperature? We have an answer!

Methods for treating bronchitis in children at home are described on the page.

When to See a Doctor

Nonspecific color or other signs may indicate a violation in teething, some pathologies:

the yellowish-brown shade of the dentition indicates the use of antibiotics by the mother during the gestation of crumbs. The use of mother's milk, which is saturated with potent drugs, adversely affects the development of the child;
blackish coating. It is characteristic during the course of the inflammatory process, the presence of excess iron in the blood;
a greenish-yellowish tint of enamel is a consequence of bilirubin metabolism disorders, the destruction of red blood cells;
prolonged sucking of the nipples provokes uneven development of the jaws, which leads to bite defects;
non-specific position of the teeth is due to individual characteristics, developmental disorders, tumors of the alveolar process of the jaw.

If you notice any negative changes in the color or position of the dentition, see a pediatric dentist. Correct growth teeth are directly related to general condition child. Sometimes the pathology of this process indicates certain diseases. internal organs, systems.

Young moms and dads make a lot of mistakes prevent Negative consequences The following tips will help:

regularly wipe the drool from the crumbs, do not irritate the lips, the skin around them;
When the first teeth appear, start brushing them. Proper Care behind the oral cavity - a guarantee of dental health;
control of the sweets that the baby consumes will help prevent the appearance of caries. Watch the diet of the crumbs, include a lot of fresh vegetables, dairy products, cereals;
The first visit to the dentist should take place before the year. An early examination by a doctor guarantees the formation of healthy teeth;
Teach your baby to brush their teeth after every meal.
do not lick the nipple, baby spoon. Bacteria in your mouth can harm your baby;
During teething, the attitude of the mother to the baby is very important. Stroke the baby often, talk, sing songs. good mood soothes the child, helps to cope with pain.

Methods for alleviating the condition of the child

It is quite difficult to go through a difficult period. Not every adult can lead a normal life during the appearance of a wisdom tooth, the baby feels similar symptoms only a few times stronger.

Parents can help their child deal with the problem in a variety of ways:

often hold the baby in your arms, maternal affection works wonders;
breastfed children during this period often ask for a breast, do not refuse the child. Additional food has a positive effect on accelerating the process of teething units of the dentition, reduces the risk of diarrhea, cough, runny nose;
get dental rings, special toys. Items are designed to satisfy the whim of the child to gnaw everything. Choose large toys from which you can not bite off a piece;
cold compresses. Ancestors used this method when there were no special tools, toys. Wet gauze in a cool decoction of chamomile or calendula, attach to the sore spot. A treated compress will help relieve pain, herbs have antiseptic properties;
cold vegetables. The principle of their action is similar to the previous version. For such purposes, a small piece of carrot, apple is perfect. The kid procrastinates a tasty piece, can gnaw it without damaging, but cooling the gums, relieving pain;
anesthetic gels. Wide spectrum preparations allows you to choose the right product for children of different ages. The effect of the gels is temporary, but strong, effective means: Dentol, Calgel, Dentinox, Pansoral, Bukkoterm. Choose a product according to the age of the baby, follow the instructions, the instructions of the doctor.

In any case, visit a doctor, only a specialist will adequately assess the situation, if necessary, take the necessary measures to correct the situation. AT difficult period for the crumbs, always be there, reassure the baby in every possible way, use special means to alleviate the condition of the child.

The best option is a consultation with a pediatric dentist, pediatrician. Only after their approval, use special treatments. Take care of yourself and your children, be healthy!

More details about teething in babies in the following video:

Not coming soon signs of teething in babies- and a modern mother is already running to the dentist and bombarding him with questions. Too much information today can be found in all sorts of printed or online publications, in TV shows of dubious value, and, moreover, in the circle of grandmothers and other mothers. Incorrect information makes mothers worry and look out for manifestations of all kinds of pathologies in their baby, which he actually does not have.

Possible early signs of teething

After the notorious "colic" and "gaziki" teething - the next test of the parents of the fortress. It would seem that only mom and dad began to sleep peacefully - and here again the anxiety and sleepless nights. Various signs of teething in children may appear in this period, and some of them may indicate a completely different problem - for example, viral disease. In any case, you will have to go through this period, as millions of parents around the world do. And it is not known what it will result in for you - whether you, like rare mothers, will just state the growth of another clove, or whether you will have to go through many trials together with your baby.

Common signs of teething

Very often, when teething, babies experience general malaise. The child's body is under severe stress, and the least that threatens the baby during this period is lethargy and fatigue. There is poor sleep, and parents also have to forget about how to sleep peacefully from evening to morning. Children can generally refuse the crib, and feel calmer only in their arms. Several times during the night they wake up their parents with loud crying. Surround the baby at this time with maximum care, do not refuse to shake him in your arms, forget about principles and let him sleep next to you - because he is in a lot of pain. Your care, the closeness of your mother's body will help him calm down and fall asleep. Do not panic if the baby has become irritable, began to suck his thumb and spit out the pacifier if he is constantly naughty.

An obligatory sign of teething in children is increased salivation, which parents most often observe at 5-7 months of age. The baby is not yet able to independently regulate the amount of saliva that is in the mouth, and the mouth itself is still very small. Only over time, with the development of the reflex, the amount of saliva coming out will begin to decrease. Abundant discharge indicates that the sensitive nerves of the gums are irritated, which is a harbinger of the appearance of the first tooth. Often so much saliva will be released that the child’s clothes are easily wetted.

Of course, the most unpleasant sign of teething in infants is pain! It is she who annoys both the baby and the mother, and everything else could be easily overcome. Painful gums bother the baby, especially at a time when a sharp tooth comes to the surface. At this time, an increase in body temperature to 37.5 degrees is quite acceptable.

It happens that teething is accompanied by symptoms of indigestion. Such signs of teething, such as vomiting, diarrhea and spitting up, can be caused by an increase in the amount of fluid that the baby drinks during the day. The stool liquefies, the situation is further aggravated by the discharge more saliva. But one should not take such manifestations too lightly - otherwise there is a risk of missing an acute intestinal infection. And at this time, it can occur with a high probability, because the baby begins to drag the most miscellaneous items are not always sterile. Therefore, if there are signs of indigestion, it is better to show the child to the doctor.

A very common symptom of teething is inflammation of the baby's gums. Gums redden, inflamed, swell. All this may indicate that the first clove is already on its way to the surface. It should not be expected that it will appear the very next day, because eruption is a slow process, and first signs of teething may appear long before the teeth themselves. First, they need to pass through hard inert tissue, then to break through the mucous membrane of the gums, and only after that a white tubercle will appear on the surface, a harbinger of the imminent appearance of a tooth.

If during teething a slight runny nose with a watery, colorless discharge appears, and there are no other signs of a cold or infection, it is quite possible that, due to the increased secretion of mucus in oral cavity There was also discharge from the nose. This should all go away on its own after a couple of days.

Some parents among the signs of teething in children note the appearance of bad smell from mouth. This can happen in case of an inflammatory process. Inflamed gums and food complement each other, in the oral cavity are created favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria that cause bad breath. In this case, you need to pay increased attention to oral hygiene. You can massage the gums with a soft brush, give the child water more often.

There may be rashes on the body. Most often, the rash appears on the chin, due to increased salivation. It is not excluded the appearance of a small rash on other parts of the body, as well as hot cheeks, redness of the child's face.

A very unpleasant sign of teething in children is stomatitis. It occurs as a result of an infection in the mouth. Due to itching and burning in the gums, the baby pulls any objects into his mouth, trying to relieve discomfort. This, in turn, increases the risk of infection. Painful sores may form in the mouth. It is difficult to look into the baby's mouth, especially if the child does not allow it to be done when it hurts - and yet you need to try very hard and check if there are any foci of infection. With stomatitis, children often refuse food, they have a fever.

Refusal of food is one of the first signs of teething. At this time, it is possible to stop the growth of body weight, and this happens precisely because the child refuses to eat. The whole body during this period has a weakened immune system. Therefore, the risk of various diseases increases.

Symptoms of teething in children

Teething should be experienced by every child. This is a natural process that begins between 4 and 8 months of age. Often, at the same time, the baby feels not in the best way, unpleasant teething symptoms in children makes parents nervous. The most common of warning signs- irritation and inflammation of the gums, profuse salivation, anxiety, itching of the gums, which makes the child look for hard objects that could be chewed.

Cases of ailments are also very frequent, which depends on the level of immunity of a particular child, previous diseases or infections that can enter the body directly during teething. To such teething symptoms in babies include sleep disturbance, moodiness, lack of appetite, fever, rash, vomiting, cough.

Although teething is a natural process, at this time the babies are weakened, they can easily pick up various diseases, in particular, a cold. Then redness of the throat, runny nose, cough may appear, which, if treated carelessly and not cured in time, can lead to much more serious problems- bronchitis or otitis. Therefore, it is very important to distinguish the ailments caused by purely teething from the signs of a real cold.

Body temperature during this period depends on the characteristics of a particular organism. It can range from 36.8 to 39.5 degrees. This symptom of teething in infants is a normal reaction of the body caused by local irritation in the gum area. The temperature can rise gradually and stay at the same level for several days. But it can also change abruptly within 2-5 days, so it is advisable to measure it as often as possible. Stock up on patience for that period and try to help your baby easier to survive such hard times. If the temperature is not too high, it is advisable not to give antipyretics. And if the increased indicators stay for more than two of her, you need to see a doctor.

How to recognize the symptoms of teething in children

When the first signs appear, the main task is to find out whether they are the result of teething, or something else. Observe how often the child asks for the breast, whether his manner of sucking has changed. If the baby, having grabbed the nipple or breast, immediately throws it, you will probably find red tubercles on the gums in his mouth in places where the teeth will soon appear. It is possible that, on the contrary, the child will suckle the breast too hard, bite - in this case, he thus tries to relieve the itching that has arisen in the gums.

To relieve the symptoms of teething in children, use a special teether sold in pharmacies - give it to your baby after cooling it. At 6-7 months of age, you can give your child a raw carrot, apple, cracker to chew. But at the same time, you need to carefully monitor so that the child does not choke on broken pieces. You can also use special gum gels.

Among the symptoms of teething in infants, there is an eating disorder and its consequences - vomiting, stool disorder. To rule out an acute infectious disease or serious illnesses Gastrointestinal tract, examine the child's tummy - it should not be swollen, should not "gurgle". Place your hand lightly on the baby's stomach and feel the bowel movement. Normal peristalsis indicates that there is no need to worry. The tummy should not hurt, that is, with moderate pressure on it, the child should not behave restlessly and cry.

Controlling teething symptoms in children

If vomit is present, evaluate appearance, consistency, conditions, and frequency of vomit. Among other signs of teething, vomiting is quite rare. If it happens, it should not occur more than twice a day. Often it appears at a temperature exceeding 38.5 degrees. In other cases, vomiting may be a sign of a gastrointestinal disease or infection, and therefore you should immediately consult a doctor.

You should also closely monitor the baby's stool. Diarrhea is acceptable as a symptom of teething in infants, but it should not be too liquid and its amount should not exceed 6 times a day. The consistency of diarrhea during teething is medium, without blood and mucus. Watery, frequent, mucous, bloody diarrhea indicates a violation of the stomach or intestines, about acute infections. All this requires to show the child to the doctor.

Sometimes during teething, babies develop a rash on the chin or around the mouth. The reason for this may be copious discharge saliva, as well as an allergy to a medicine or food.

A runny nose is also one of the symptoms of teething in children. It should not be too strong, should not last longer than three days. Not abundant transparent, watery discharge from the nose. If they are, you should not worry and take special measures. It is only necessary to regularly remove discharge from the nasopharynx, sometimes, to relieve puffiness, drip drops into the baby's nose. If the discharge is chronic, has a yellowish or greenish color, difficulty breathing is observed, the discharge is dense - this most likely indicates an acute respiratory disease. In this case, you should immediately contact your pediatrician.

Among the symptoms of teething in infants, a slight wet cough. It is caused by the accumulation of saliva in the child's throat, but also requires special control. If the cough lasts longer than two days, if it is very frequent, wheezing occurs, and the cough itself tends to change in frequency, nature and intensity - this may also indicate an infection or acute respiratory infections.

Even if you decide not to see a doctor because you do not observe dangerous symptoms teething in children, and decide to give antipyretics and other drugs on your own, you must strictly follow the instructions attached to any medicine. Otherwise, trying to alleviate the suffering of the baby, you can cause the occurrence of much more severe side effects from the medicine.

In this article:

Teething in a baby is both a great joy and a small tragedy in the life of parents and a baby. It was at this time that many young mothers for the first time must pass the test of strength and endurance. It is great if the child reacts calmly to the first teeth. But more often, the symptoms of teething bring babies a lot of discomfort, to which they respond with a violent reaction.

All children are unique, and the observations that have been made on children infancy, proved that the symptoms of eruption of the first teeth in infants vary widely and depend entirely on certain factors and individual characteristics of the organism. The main thing is to carefully monitor the well-being of the child at this difficult moment for him and, if necessary, provide him with assistance.

At what age does teething start?

A child's teeth begin to develop long before he is born. The formation of the rudiments of milk teeth occurs at the 7th week of pregnancy in the womb. And the period when the first signs of teething in infants appear is quite individual. In different children, it varies in time, in addition, various factors influence the age and speed of teething.

Among them it should be noted:

features of the course of pregnancy;
climatic conditions in which the child was born and lives;
heredity;
height and weight of the child;
fontanel closure time;
illnesses in the first weeks and months of a baby's life;
individual characteristics of the organism.

Sometimes a newborn is born with one or more teeth already present. Of course, this is the exception to the rule. In most cases, the symptoms when the first teeth are cut appear much later. According to statistics, in many children the first tooth erupts at the age of 7 months.

According to the average values, the teeth in infants appear in the following order:

lower incisors - in the period from 6 to 9 months;
upper incisors - 7-10 months;
upper fangs - 12-24 months;
lower fangs - 2 months later than the upper ones;
first lower molar- 12-16 months;
the second lower molar - 20-25 months;
the first upper molar - 13-19 months;
the second upper molar - 20-25 months.

It is immediately worth noting that these dates are quite approximate, the baby's teeth may appear a little earlier or later than these temporary values, only one thing coincides - they usually always appear one after another according to this schedule.

In rare cases, the moment when the first teeth appear can be delayed indefinitely, and the baby can meet his first birthday with a toothless smile. In any case, there is no need to panic: most likely, this is an individual feature child's body, and the teeth will definitely appear soon.

teething signs

The process of eruption of milk teeth in infants often occurs with concomitant ailments: increased excitability nervous system, disturbed sleep of the child, causeless crying and persistent lack of appetite. At the same time, the baby will try to put everything that gets in his way into his mouth - this is caused by severe itching and irritation of the gums. Symptoms that occur during teething are divided into general, local and controversial. Let's consider them in more detail.

General signs

General signs of teething in babies affect the functioning of the whole organism. At the same time, they can be characterized both as signs of imminent teething, and as symptoms of the development of a disease, for example: colds, intestinal infection, poisoning, etc.

To the general symptoms of eruption of the upper and lower teeth in children include:

increased body temperature;
weakness, general violation well-being;
lack of appetite;
sleep disturbances, marked anxiety.

If the listed signs appear unexpectedly and last for a long time, while the baby’s gums and his behavior are not typical for signs of the appearance of the first teeth, you should consult a doctor. More likely, we are talking about some disease that has nothing to do with the baby's dental problems.

local signs

Local signs of teething in children first appear at the age of 5 months.

These include:

increased secretion of saliva;
gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, frequent regurgitation, flatulence;
refusal to breastfeed;
swelling of the gums, redness;
nasal congestion, slight runny nose;
the child constantly keeps his fingers or fist in his mouth.

A little later, when the teeth begin to approach the very surface of the gums, small whitish bumps form on it.

In rare cases, as local reaction on the chin and cheeks of the child, you can notice a rash, which is also a reaction of the body in response to teething.

Controversial signs

Controversial symptoms of teething in babies include the following:

violation of the stool against the background of swallowing a large amount of saliva with food: diarrhea appears, which can last up to 3 days;
itching covering the gums, cheeks, ears, nose, resulting from irritation of the mucous membranes and skin increased salivation;
single vomiting, which is quite rare, but this symptom should not be ruled out (if vomiting is repeated, and against its background the body temperature has risen, it is rather a question of the presence in the body viral infection and not symptoms of teething syndrome);
an increase in body temperature, which can be observed in almost 50% of babies: normally, the temperature can rise to 38 °, it should last no more than 3 days.

If the symptoms of teething in infants resemble clinical picture SARS, perhaps you should think not about the new teeth of the child, but about visiting a doctor. Often in the circle of young parents you can hear the opinion that fever and diarrhea during teething is a commonplace phenomenon. This is true, but only on condition that the body temperature does not rise above 38 ° and does not last longer than 3 days. Otherwise, we are talking about the infectious process in the body, and not about the teeth. Of course, the body reacts with a rise in temperature to inflammation in the gums, but this reaction cannot last long and be pronounced.

Teething diarrhea also has its own characteristics, it has nothing to do with ordinary diarrhea. The child has loose stools up to 3 times a day due to the fact that he swallows too much saliva. If the diarrhea continues for more than 3 days, the child may have put something in his mouth that triggered an intestinal infection. You need to see a doctor.

Features of teething

Many mothers are interested in why some babies teeth erupt earlier, while others later. Dentists explain this by the rate of formation of the root of the tooth, namely the rate of division of its cells, since the roots of the teeth, like other organs in the human body, have a cellular structure.

artificially affect this physiological process impossible. Therefore, it is not recommended to “help” the teeth to erupt from the gums, as some especially compassionate parents do, specifically cutting or damaging the child’s gums. Firstly, it is completely useless - the tooth will erupt only when its time comes. Secondly, it hurts, and thirdly, you can bring the infection into the resulting wound surface.

There are cases when the teeth in children after eruption have their own characteristics, for example:

if the baby’s teeth are yellow-brown, most likely, his mother, being pregnant, took antibiotics during the formation of the rudiments of teeth at the very beginning of pregnancy;
dark edging on the root neck of the tooth indicates that they were used iron-containing preparations or in the body of the child there is inflammation of a chronic nature;
the yellow-green tint of the teeth appears against the background of liver disease, bilirubin metabolism disorders and the death of red blood cells;
if the enamel has a red tint, then we can talk about congenital pathology the exchange of porphyria pigment or about the mother taking tetracycline drugs during pregnancy;
if the baby's teeth are not positioned correctly, the reasons may be constitutional features specific person(usually small jaw size), trauma, congenital metabolic disorder connective tissue, tumors of the jaw.

If the baby's teeth grow correctly and in a timely manner, this indicates normal development child, since the process of teething is directly related to the general condition of his body.

But there are situations when not everything is so smooth, and the problems that arose during the eruption of milk teeth indicate the presence of pathology:

abnormal tooth development (wrong color, size, shape) - the cause of this pathology should be diagnosed by a doctor;
teething with a slope from the common arch of the dentition indicates an incorrect localization of the axis of the tooth;
the appearance of milk teeth a few months earlier: possibly the result of endocrine pathologies in the body;
the first teeth appear with a delay from general schedule for 2 or more months: speaks in favor of chronic infectious process in the body, disruption digestive tract, pathologies of metabolism;
teething irregularity or the absence of any tooth also indicates potential problems in the body or is the result of infectious diseases carried by the mother during pregnancy.

How to relieve pain?

Signs that the child will soon have the first teeth will be noticed immediately in the family. At this time, rare babies remain calm and do not cause trouble to their parents. Most children go through this difficult period in their lives, showing violent discontent. How to relieve pain and discomfort to a child?

What can a young mother do?

Control body temperature. If the child does not sleep well, refuses to breast or bottle, is naughty, and all this happens against a background of elevated temperature, it must be brought down. At first, you can try to bring down the temperature without medicines: undress the baby, remove the diaper from him, put the naked one under one sheet, offer water - these simple ways can reduce the body temperature to normal values. If this does not happen, you should give the child antipyretic drug based on paracetamol.
Relief of discomfort in the gum area. To solve this problem, you will need chilled teethers, a hard dummy, and a gel with an anesthetic effect. Since each child is unique, the remedy for relieving itching and pain in the gums must be selected individually for him. Someone likes teethers, and someone cannot do without anesthetic gels.
Often, to relieve discomfort in the gums, young mothers use a decoction of chamomile, which is gently rubbed into the gums and irritations on the baby's cheeks and chin. Honey has the same effect.
As soon as the teeth begin to cut, the baby is offered solid food- Apple, fresh cucumber. If the baby persistently refuses the usual food, you can temporarily replace it with cool baby foods, such as fruit puree or yogurt. It is also important to prevent dehydration, because along with increased salivation, the child's body loses a lot of fluid.

What signs are common to all children during teething? It must be remembered that their appearance is a purely individual process. Feelings during teething, the speed of the process and the child's tolerance for pain - it all depends on the particular baby. Fortunately, this picture concerns the appearance of only the first milk teeth.