Lungs' cancer. Causes, symptoms, stages, diagnosis and treatment of the disease

There are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of the development of any type of cancer. If cancer is detected at an early stage of development, it can be cured. It is important to monitor your body, understand what condition is considered normal for it, and if abnormalities appear, consult a doctor.

Doctors explain which signals from our body cannot be ignored so as not to miss the development of cancer.

1. Painful sensations.

In the initial stage, it is not pain, but a feeling of discomfort in a certain organ: burning, squeezing, etc. In oncological practice, the term “pain” rather than “pain” is more acceptable, since tumors in the initial stages develop painlessly, and then sensations appear that are not always perceived by patients as pain.

For example, the feeling of a “foreign body behind the sternum” with esophageal cancer or a feeling of discomfort with stomach cancer. Overfilling of the organ with contents - in case of cancer of the stomach, the left half of the colon - leads to a feeling of fullness, bloating, and release from it leads to complete relief. Pain can be an early sign of several tumors, such as those of the bones or testicle. Most often, however, pain is a symptom of a common process.

2. Fast weight loss.

The tumor forces the body to produce substances that disrupt metabolic processes, causing a person to lose weight within a few months. A cancerous tumor releases waste products into the blood, which causes signs of intoxication (poisoning) of the body, such as nausea, loss of appetite, etc. In addition, the tumor consumes a relatively large amount of nutrients, which, along with loss of appetite, leads to weakness and weight loss.

Most people with cancer experience weight loss at some point during their illness. Unexplained weight loss of 4-5 kg ​​may be the first sign of cancer, especially pancreatic, stomach, esophageal or lung cancer.

3. Constant weakness.

Intoxication of the body due to cancer causes weakness and anemia. Fatigue can be an important symptom as the disease progresses.

However, fatigue and weakness can occur at an early stage, especially if the cancer causes chronic blood loss, which occurs with colon or stomach cancer.

4. Fever.

The immune system, suppressed by the tumor, reacts with an increase in temperature. Almost all cancer patients develop a fever at some stage of the disease.

Less commonly, an increase in temperature can be an early sign of cancer, for example, with Hodgkin's disease (lymphogranulomatosis).

5. Shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness

The so-called chest symptoms of cancer are cough, shortness of breath and hoarseness. Of course, they can be caused by infections, inflammation, and other diseases and ailments, but in some cases such signs indicate lung cancer. If you have been experiencing shortness of breath and cough for more than two weeks, consult a doctor immediately. You should also see a specialist if you see blood in your sputum.

Hoarseness is often caused by laryngitis. This disease means inflammation of the larynx. However, in rare cases, hoarseness is an early symptom of laryngeal cancer. If such ailment has been tormenting you for more than two weeks, go see a specialist.

6. Changes in the condition of hair and skin.

Due to violation metabolic processes external changes also occur.

In addition to skin tumors, some internal cancers can cause visible skin signs such as darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation), yellowing (jaundice), redness (erythema), itching, or excess hair growth.

7. Presence of a neoplasm.

In the vast majority of cases, cancer manifests itself as the formation of a tumor. It could be something resembling a lump, lump, ulcer, wart, mole, etc.

How does skin cancer manifest? Many people who have numerous moles on their bodies think about this. Let's try to answer this question.

A type of this disease is melanoma. As a rule, it manifests itself with a change in the appearance of the skin. Sometimes it seems that you have a new large mole. However, melanoma can also form in an existing mole. That is why it can be extremely difficult to distinguish benign from malignant formations.

You should consult a doctor immediately if your moles exhibit the following signs:

• asymmetry (moles are usually even and symmetrical, but melanomas are not);
• uneven edges;
• a color atypical for a mole (if moles, as a rule, have a brown tint, then melanomas are brown with black, pink, red, white and even bluish);
• large size (moles usually do not exceed 6 mm in diameter, melanomas - more than 7 mm);
• crusting, itching, bleeding: melanomas can bleed, become crusty, or itch (these symptoms of skin cancer are not common, but should not be forgotten).

If any marks appear on the skin that do not go away for several weeks, if you notice the above-described signs of melanoma, then consult a doctor immediately.

If you notice a tumor anywhere on your body, consult a doctor immediately. It’s very good if you can tell exactly how long ago you had it, whether it’s bothering you, and whether it’s increasing in size. Very often, cancerous tumors are completely painless.

It is extremely difficult to recognize a tumor of oncological origin by touch. However, if your doctor suspects that you have malignancy, then he will refer you to the right specialist for further examination and testing.

It should be taken into account that if swelling and bumps appear in your body quite often, then most likely they are not malignant.

However, not all tumors are malignant or cancerous. One of the main signs of a cancerous tumor is its gradual and steady increase. Almost all tissues and organs can be affected by tumors.
(There are cancers without tumor formation, for example, blood cancer.)

8. Pathological discharge.

Many cancerous tumors are characterized by pathological discharge: purulent, bloody, etc.
The first and earliest symptom of uterine cancer is uterine bleeding.
The appearance of blood from the genital tract at menopausal age, when a woman has stopped menstruation for 1 - 1.5 years, is the moment that forces everything to be done. necessary research to resolve the issue of the presence or absence of cancer.
Bleeding that occurs after sexual intercourse is highly suspicious for cervical cancer.

The second symptom of uterine cancer is discharge. At first, the discharge may be watery, liquid, not very abundant, even when there are no irregularities in the menstrual cycle and there is no bleeding during menopause. But later an admixture of blood joins them, the discharge becomes ichorous, the color of meat slop, with a sharp unpleasant odor. This type of discharge indicates that the tumor has begun to disintegrate.

The presence of blood in sputum and feces can occur with both small and large disintegrating tumors. Constant irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines, and bronchus by a tumor can lead to increased secretion of mucus. The addition of an infection changes the nature of the discharge.

9.Disturbances in the digestive tract

A sign of changes in the functioning of the digestive tract is the presence of blood in the stool. It is usually bright red or dark. The presence of fresh, scarlet blood is a sign of hemorrhoids.

A symptom of cancer may be a change in the frequency of the digestive tract (constipation or diarrhea) for no apparent reason. Also, sometimes there is a feeling of insufficient bowel cleansing after stool. Some patients experience pain in the rectum or abdomen.

When interested in the types of tumors and the question of how to recognize them, it is important to remember that changes in stool do not always indicate the development of oncology. The reasons may lie in changes in diet, anxiety, or taking medications. If your stool does not return to normal within a few weeks, you should consult a doctor to rule out a dangerous disease.

10.Bleeding

Any bleeding for no apparent reason is a sign of a malfunction of the internal organs. This is a good reason to go to a specialist.

Bleeding from the rectum can be a sign of hemorrhoids, but also one of the symptoms of cancer of the internal organs.

If a woman has a malignant tumor in the uterus or cervix, bleeding may occur between menstruation or after sexual intercourse. If bleeding is observed in women after menopause, then she urgently needs to consult a doctor.

Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer or cancer kidney However, the cause of this phenomenon may also be an infection. Contact your doctor if you find that there are any in your urine. bleeding. By the way, you should take into account that sometimes urine turns pink due to the presence of dyes in food. This can happen if the day before you ate, for example, beets.

If when you cough, sputum comes out with blood, then the reason for this is a serious infectious disease. Sometimes this is a sign of lung cancer. Blood in vomit can signal stomach cancer, however, the cause of this phenomenon can also be an ulcer. Therefore, the exact answer to the question is how to identify cancer- you need to contact a specialist.

Nosebleeds and bruising are rare symptoms of cancer. Sometimes these signs are a consequence of leukemia. However, people suffering from this disease also have other, more obvious signs of cancer.

What to do if you have alarming symptoms?

If you suspect that you have even a few symptoms, you should first contact a therapist. Sometimes symptoms are ignored because the person is afraid possible consequences and refuses to see a doctor, or considers the symptom that appears to be insignificant. Common symptoms such as fatigue are often not associated with cancer and therefore often go unnoticed, especially when there is obvious reason or when they are temporary.

However, such symptoms cannot be ignored, especially if they exist for a period of time. long period time, for example, a week, or negative dynamics are observed.
Only a specialist can assess your condition and prescribe adequate treatment. Only a doctor can direct you to undergo x-rays, tests, etc.

If the doctor suspects a cancerous disease, he will direct you to do a biopsy, tomography, and also advise profile specialist. If the doctor decides that the cause of your illness is of a different nature, then in any case he will be able to help you cope with your ailments, and faster than if you were treated on your own.

Based on materials from RBC-Ukraine, www.pror.ru, www.cancer.bessmertie.ru, www.ravnoepravo.ru

Please note: the presence of any of these signs does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer.
And vice versa, the absence of these signs, or the inability to detect them, does not mean that there is no cancer...

PS. Cancer is a disease that can affect any organs and tissues of the human body, the clinical symptoms of which are characterized by great diversity and depend on many factors: localization (location) of the tumor, its histological form (structure), growth pattern, prevalence of the process, age and gender of the patient , the presence of concomitant diseases.

"Absolute diagnostic symptoms(feelings of the patient himself) or signs (changes that may also be noticeable to others) do not exist, therefore diagnostic studies must ultimately involve taking tissue samples and examining them under a microscope (biopsy), since this is the only way to prove the presence of cancer."
M.Whitehouse

What does cancer look like? What he really is? These and many other questions are asked not only by those who are already sick, but also by those whom this terrible disease didn't touch. Let's look at everything in order.

Cancer is a multistage disease that is not easy to detect due to typical symptoms and signs. We should not forget that many types of tumors cannot be recognized visually. Internal oncological diseases can be detected through laboratory tests, namely cytological (cellular) and histological (tissue) analyses. But the process of development of malignant tumors may be indicated by individual visible signs of health.

The cancerous tumor compresses nearby organs, blood vessels and nerves, and is also capable of moving to other tissues as it develops. Some types of cancer have clear characteristics and images that can help make an accurate diagnosis.

Today, over 100 types of cancer are known. All of them are associated with a specific organ or tissue. They are distinguished based on the type of cancer cells.

Types of cancer:

• Carcinoma;
• Sarcoma;
• Leukemia;
• Lymphomas and;
• Cancer of the brain and spinal cord.

One of the common oncological diseases is. It is formed in epithelial cells covering the surfaces of the body and internal organs. This disease is currently in second place after cardiovascular diseases.

Leading clinics in Israel

The following types of carcinoma are distinguished:

• Deterioration in health, namely weight loss caused by decreased appetite, weakness;
• Reduced performance;
• Anemia, causing dizziness, fainting and general malaise;
• A decrease in the body’s resistance to infections, that is, a decrease in immunity as a result of the progression of a cancerous tumor;
• Increased sweating, which may result in dehydration;
• Changes in skin color: yellowing, darkening or redness, formation of ulcers;
• Persistent unexplained fevers;
• Frequent increases in body temperature;
• unexplained bleeding or bruising;
• Pain, often appearing in the last stages of the disease.

* Having received data about the patient’s disease, the clinic representative will be able to calculate the exact price for treatment.

Video: What cancer looks like

Organs affected by cancer are treated in a number of ways:

1. surgery. In surgery, the surgeon removes cancer from the patient's body. This method is sufficient if an oncological tumor is detected.
2. radiation therapy, or irradiation. Radiation therapy uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
3. Chemotherapy is an effective way to fight cancer. The drugs used suppress the development of cancer cells.
4. Immunotherapy – helps the immune system fight cancer. With this method, special vaccines are used that restore the body's defenses. This method can be used either independently or together with others.
5. Hormone therapy is a treatment that slows or stops the growth of breast and prostate cancer through the use of hormonal medications.
6. Stem cell transplants are procedures that restore hematopoietic stem cells in cancer patients.

Precision medicine is an approach to cancer that allows doctors to choose treatments that are most likely to help patients.

Some people with cancer will only have one type of treatment. But most people have a combination of treatments, such as surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience signs or symptoms that indicate cancer. If they are not, but you are concerned about your health, discuss your concerns with your doctor. Find out what tests and procedures you need to undergo.

The sooner a patient can be diagnosed, the more effective the recovery will be. Treatment is comprehensive: chemotherapy, radiation and surgery on an operable tumor are used. Cancer prevention is a very important element to control the development of the deadly virus in the body. Treatment of cancer with folk remedies can help with early detection.

Remember, you can always stop cancer if you catch its symptoms at the very beginning!

A dangerous disease in which cells grow rapidly, while destroying healthy ones. Symptoms of cancerous tumors differ in different human organs, not here precise definition. About 100 types of cancer have been identified. Everyone has certain type cells that can grow quickly and infect healthy organs. The definition is associated with the image of a crab or cancer, because it often creates outgrowths like the limbs of a crayfish.

Two types of tumor:

• Benign. Does not grow and does not form metastases. It is removed during surgery and does not require special treatment.
• Malignant. It is life-threatening, capable of not only increasing rapidly, but also spreading throughout the body, affecting healthy cells. In the final stages, metastases affect all important systems and organs. This condition is incurable.

Contradiction - we are afraid of cancer as an evil and inevitable karma, but at the same time we neglect the rules of prevention and diagnosis, which is the reason for most deaths! "A third of cases of growth malignant tumors"can be prevented," says WHO. Therefore, prevention is one of the key health strategies.

The cause of 90-95% of diseases is environment and lifestyle:

• Smoking - 30%;
• Dietary features (high-calorie foods, obesity, carcinogens in the menu, small amounts of fiber in food) - 35%;
• Infection (viruses, chronic foci of infection) - 10%,
• Carcinogens - 4-5%,
• Ionizing and ultraviolet radiation - 6-8 %,
• Alcoholism - 2-3%,
• Polluted air - 1-2%,
• Reproductive (sexual) factors - 4-5%,
• Low physical activity - 4-5% of all malignant neoplasms.

Symptoms of cancer of different organs

Diseases of some organs are not difficult to determine by self-examination. Often people consult a doctor only when they already feel the progression of the disease. Diagnosis of symptoms of cancer and other oncological processes carried out at the formation stage guarantees a cure in 99% of cases. Not everything is so bad if you remember the methods of early diagnosis.

• Fatigue, weakness, weight loss, fever for no apparent reason (zombification of infected tissue takes a lot of energy).
• Seals on the body. Appears due to the spread of toxins by cancer cells throughout the body. The tumor forms in the lymph nodes or in the bloodstream.
• Regular pain, because it can affect nerve endings or other organs.
• The skin changes color or pigmentation, spots on the body, rash or itching occur.
• Persistent bleeding or other discharge from the mouth, genitals, nose, ears, or nipple.
• Open wounds that cannot be treated. It is important to pay attention to non-healing mouth ulcers, with unusual color(red, brown-red) and jagged edges.
• Pale skin along with weakness and susceptibility to infections. Talks about leukemia, bone marrow cancer, etc.

The human factor - the patient is afraid to see a doctor, believes that treatment can cause complications, and misses obvious symptoms. Fatigue and diarrhea are not always related to it, but they may indicate its presence. Often completely healthy people discover that they have cancer after an examination, and they did not notice any symptoms, and if a person has at least one factor related to it, consult a doctor immediately.

5 common signs of cancer:

It is immediately important to clarify that they do not occur in all cases; they are common to other diseases.

• Disturbances in the genitourinary system and stool- constipation or diarrhea, stool weight and color (colon cancer) changes. Pain when urinating and blood in the urine.
• Ulcers and wounds do not go away for a long time- they look like an ulcer. If there is a small sore in your mouth that does not go away, it may be an infection of the oral cavity. It occurs more often in smokers and alcoholics. If there are ulcers on the vagina or penis, you should immediately undergo examination, as this indicates a severe infection of the body.
• Discharge of pus or blood- if the disease has already developed and you have not noticed it, bleeding or pus may appear. If pus with blood comes out when you cough, this is a lung injury, and if blood is found in the stool, then this is a disease of the large intestine. If you have cervical cancer, there is a chance of bleeding from the vagina, and if blood appears in the urine, it is bladder cancer. If blood is released from the nipple, this indicates infection of the mammary gland.
• Small seals- if the tumor is palpable through the skin in the ovaries, mammary gland and others soft tissues, this indicates the presence of a disease. It is impossible to say for sure whether this is the initial form or the advanced one, but if you notice a lump, tell your doctor immediately.
• Difficulty swallowing and gastrointestinal problems- very often the symptoms indicate stomach or intestinal cancer.
• The appearance of moles or warts- if you already had moles, and they became larger or changed color, it may be melanoma.
• Hoarse voice or severe cough- a persistent cough indicates lung cancer ( thyroid gland or throat).

Not the most common symptoms that also indicate the development of the disease:

• Sores on the tongue and mouth;
• Changes in the color and size of warts and moles;
• Sore throat, severe and painful cough;
• Thickenings and nodes in the nipples, dense lumps in the ovaries, mammary glands and other places;
• Painful sensations when urinating;
• Strange discharge of pus and blood;
• Problems with swallowing and abdominal pain, especially in older people;
• Severe migraine;
• Sudden loss of appetite or weight;
• Persistent infection for no apparent reason;
• Violation of the menstrual cycle;
• Tumors that cannot be treated;
• Redness of the lips and skin, yellowness in the eyes and skin;
• Strange swelling that has not appeared before;
• Bad breath.

These symptoms do not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer, but also other diseases. In any case, it is important to regularly undergo comprehensive medical examination.

This is a state of the body that can go into cancer. Let's highlight two main categories of precancers:

1. Obligate diseases are combined into one group of diseases, the cause of which is a malignant neoplasm.
2. Optional pathological conditions that are not necessarily accompanied by degeneration of the affected tissues.

Patients who do not wish to undergo treatment should be aware that it can be considered the initial stage of the oncological process, so a non-invasive tumor (in situ) must be eliminated.

Without delving into the classification characteristics, let’s consider similar options:

Stage 1: Increases its borders, does not go far and does not infect organs. The exception is stomach cancer, which at this stage infects the lymph nodes.

Stage 2: not only the progression of the process, but also the growth of metastases in the lymph nodes.

Stage 3: Penetration into the lymph nodes, no distant metastases yet. Survival rates for stage 3 cancer are also different for each type. You can't count on a long and happy life.

Stage 4: Damage to the organ, lymph nodes, metastases to organs. Common, rapidly growing tumors that affect the lymph nodes. There is no cure for stage 4 cancer.

Claims that someone was cured of stage 4 cancer with soda, folk remedies or some other unconventional method are often a publicity stunt of various charlatans and have no basis, and people who have defeated it and are able to support or refute pseudoscientific arguments, unfortunately, they simply don't exist. Otherwise, it is another disease, which the patient himself mistakenly accepted as a malignant tumor.

Cancer has several stages, the first of which are treatable. For this purpose in modern medicine There are treatment methods that involve a whole range of procedures. They are prescribed by a doctor, taking into account the severity of the disease.

This group of preventive measures includes methods aimed at changing lifestyle, diet, and eliminating risk factors for the development of cancer. Let's take a closer look at each of the examples.

Increased morbidity is caused by:

1. Obesity. Inflammation of the reproductive system in women (uterus, mammary gland) is more common in fatty, sweaty and overweight women. Preventing breast cancer begins with stabilizing your weight.
2. Fatty foods. The total amount of fat consumed in 24 hours should not exceed 60 grams!
3. Harmful products– smoked, fried. Increases the risk of damage to the large intestine.
4. Sausages– in their production, nitrites are used as a dye. They give them a pink color, but it is a weak carcinogen. No one is forcing you to completely remove sausages from your diet, but eating only them is not good for your health.

The following will help reduce the risk of developing cancer:

1. Fruits and vegetables – Rich in vitamins and microelements, they support the normal functioning of body cells and inhibit the mutation of healthy cells into cancer cells.
2. Cellulose . This is an element that is not digestible in the human body (found in vegetables, grains, and fruits). It has a huge effect on the digestive process and reduces the risk of colon cancer.

Lifestyle and bad habits

Smoking is the most obvious factor contributing to the development of cancer of the lungs, larynx, lips and tongue. Regular smokers have a much higher risk of damage to the stomach, uterus, and pancreas. The risk is increased not only by active smoking, but also by passive smoking - the content of carcinogens in the smoke exhaled by smokers is slightly lower.

Absence physical activity leads to obesity, and you already know about its consequences. Sport not only helps to normalize weight, but also improves the overall tone of the immune system. She fights cancerous transformation of cells, so her condition is important at any time.

Alcohol abuse leads to metabolic disorders in the body, reduces overall stability, weakens immune system, which increases the risk of cancer.

Quitting smoking, alcohol, regular classes sports is a comprehensive prevention of the disease. All these methods can be classified as folk methods of prevention, which are confirmed by scientific research.

Prevention of infectious diseases

The connection between the development of certain types of cancer and viral and bacterial diseases has been 100% proven.

Examples:

1. Hepatitis B and C increases the risk of liver cancer;
2. Presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach, which contributes to the occurrence of not only gastritis and ulcers, but also stomach cancer.
3. Some strains of papillomavirus (HPV), lead to damage to the cervix.

Prevention measures include vaccination against these viruses and bacteria, as well as avoiding unprotected sex with untested partners. You can get rid of Helicobacter pylori by undergoing a course of eradication therapy.

Environmental factors

Pollution is one of the main factors behind the rise in disease worldwide. In the presence of strong foci of pollution, only changing the place of permanent residence can reduce the likelihood of cancer - for this you need to move away from polluted cities, metallurgical and cement factories.

In villages, far from big cities, the incidence of skin cancer, lung cancer and other oncological diseases is approximately 1.5 times lower than in major cities. In cities, young people are more likely to die from it.

Professional “harm”

Working in hazardous working conditions, where a person is in daily contact with carcinogens, increases the incidence of cancer. To eliminate this risk factor, it is necessary to either change your place of work or carefully observe safety precautions: wear protective clothing, respirators, pay great attention to hygiene - take a shower every day at the end of the working day.

Secondary prevention

Includes various types of honey. examinations aimed at identifying precancerous diseases, as well as precursors of oncology.

Involved:

1. fluorography: – X-ray examination aimed at identifying lung and mediastinal cancer;
2. Mammography: – X-ray of the mammary glands, to identify mutations in the mammary gland at an early stage;
3. Smear examination: from the cervix and from the cervical canal - prevention of the cervix;
4. endoscopic examinations:. Detects colon cancer in the early stages. This includes bronchoscopy to rule out cancer of the bronchi and lungs.
5. MRI and CT: including – with contrast;
6. Blood test for tumor markers:– unique chemical substances, the concentration of which increases when oncology occurs. Most types of cancer have their own tumor markers.

All people over a certain age must undergo fluorography, women over 35 years old must undergo mammography. At the first symptoms of cancer, you must consult an oncologist who will prescribe additional tests and medications for prevention.

Important: the introduction of cancer prevention screening programs has increased the detection of the disease in the early stages by 50%. This made it possible to reduce mortality by 15-20%. Every woman should know how to palpate the mammary glands for the presence of malignant tumors. During a consultation with an oncologist, you can gain the necessary skills - even a small formation in the mammary gland is a reason for consulting a doctor and a more accurate examination.

Tertiary prevention

The measures are aimed at identifying tumors in those who have already received treatment for metastases, as well as at early diagnosis. This is done by an oncologist, whose consultation can be obtained at any clinic or oncology clinic.

Important: Every patient treated for cancer and its symptoms should undergo regular medical checkup at the oncologist.

The frequency of these inspections:

1. The first year – quarterly.
2. The second year – once every six months.
3. Third and subsequent– annually.

You will receive complete information about all cancer prevention measures by watching the video review:

1. Include iodine in your diet:

• Seaweed and sea kale.
• Dilute one drop of iodine in water and drink. Make iodine grids.

Cancer grows in an acidic environment and dies in an alkaline environment (the main reason why some people take soda for years stop the development of cancer). The conclusion is simple - we need to alkalize the blood!

How to do it? The most powerful mineral that helps maintain blood alkalinity is calcium (cancer patients are deficient in it!). Taking calcium in sufficient quantity you will shift the blood reaction from acidic to alkaline and cancer cells will not be able to develop.

Calcium is a difficult to digest mineral! This is one of the reasons why we miss him. The second reason why it is not absorbed at all is magnesium deficiency - calcium is absorbed only in the presence of magnesium, in a ratio of 1 to 2 (calcium).

What foods contain magnesium? There is enough of it only in green leaves, which is why in August people have a peak level of calcium and magnesium in the blood and there is a terrible deficiency by March, after winter. The conclusion is simple - you need to eat greens (Victoria Butenko’s “green smoothies” can help here).

And the third reason why calcium is not absorbed is that we consume mainly calcium carbonate (from meat, for example, and almost all pharmaceutical complexes) and other forms that are difficult to digest (in greens, minerals are in ionic form, which is very easily absorbed). Calcium carbonate requires a lot gastric juice for absorption, for those who have stomach problems, the% absorption drops by 4 times compared to, for example, calcium citrate.

Conclusion: take calcium complexes with mandatory magnesium content and always in ionic form, and not in the form of carbonate (for example, coral calcium). There is a lot of ionic calcium in turnip tops.

Avoid dairy products (casein is even more acidic than pork!), as well as flour products and all types of sweets. Meat is also a highly acidifying product, so eat it in minimal quantities and only when boiled! Drink freshly squeezed vegetable (not fruit) juices.

The main type of drug treatment is chemotherapy. There are cancer treatments that are similar to chemotherapy. Hormonal or immunotherapy, but “chemistry” is based on the destruction of cells that contribute to the development of the disease. Instead of cancer cells, healthy ones appear.

The medicine is injected into the blood and circulates through the veins. If you try to remove the cells using surgery or radiotherapy, there is a chance that some of them will remain. During the development of the disease, a small clot may separate from the tumor and travel through the bloodstream to another system of the body. Thus, the process may contribute to the emergence of a new tumor. And in the case of chemotherapy, the medicine moves throughout the body and, if new cancer cells form somewhere, it will destroy them.

The two main side effects of chemotherapy are:

1. Partial or complete hair loss. This reaction of the body is very difficult for people who find it difficult to get used to changes in appearance. There are medications that reduce the risk of hair loss.
2. Bone marrow damage, since a huge mass of drugs passes through it. Side effects may appear in the form of fatigue, temporary memory loss, since it is difficult for the body to resist colds due to the fact that the level of leukocytes is greatly reduced.

In folk medicine there are many recommendations and recipes for treatment using mainly the healing qualities of plants. They are able to inhibit the growth of tumors, destroy damaged cells and allow healthy ones to grow. Help the body correct disruptions in defense mechanisms. Remember that any folk remedies It is best to use in combination with medical treatment and after consultation.

Organ cancers

The most common cancer in women. A cancerous tumor consists of malignant cells replacing glandular tissue. The disease was characterized by predominantly affecting women over 50 years of age.

7 symptoms that can cause the disease:

• Heredity.
• Contraceptive and hormonal drugs.
• Early onset of menstruation and later menopause.
• A long gap between births and a delayed onset of the first pregnancy.
• If there was once damage to another organ, and the infected tissues of the body were exposed to radioactive radiation.
• Diabetes, obesity and high blood pressure.
• Addiction to bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol and poor diet.

It can be confused with simple inflammation. If your breast hurts or itches, your nipple becomes inverted or swollen, or the skin on your chest turns red and becomes covered with yellowish scales, consult a doctor immediately. This may not be simple inflammation, but the first symptoms of cancer that require treatment. Stages of the disease:

• A solid mass is an incidental finding when there are no other symptoms;
• Discharge from the nipple;
• Nipple retraction;
• The skin changes color, a “lemon peel” appears;
• Discomfort in the armpits;
• Enlarged lymph nodes on the affected side.

Malignant tumors of the breast can only be determined surgically. If the tumor is less than 5 cm in diameter, it is removed along with the surrounding ducts. And if it is more than 5 cm, the mammary gland itself is removed.

Precancerous breast conditions: Breast tumors develop into cancer in 30% of cases. Such diseases are most often a problem for young women. After 40 years, the incidence of breast pathologies decreases. Most often, pathology occurs due to hormonal imbalance. Excess estrogen and lack of progesterone lead to the formation of tumors.

It is based on malignant degeneration lung tissue and disruption of air exchange. Characterized by high mortality. The main risk group consists of smoking men aged 50-80 years.

More than 1 million new cases are diagnosed annually, with approximately 60 thousand in Russia. According to statistics, it is most often formed on the right (57%), this is due to anatomical features: the trachea flows into the right lung almost at a right angle, so it is more strongly influenced by unfavorable factors. Can appear at any age.

The formation of a tumor in the lungs more often occurs in people who have suffered from chronic diseases: pneumonia, bronchitis, tuberculosis. People employed in hazardous industries where they inhale tar, coke and essential oils are susceptible to this disease. Smokers, miners, workers in metallurgical, asbestos-cement, and phosphate industries suffer from lung cancer more often.

Lung precancer: include diseases such as lung cysts, chronic pneumonia, chronic suppurative processes, tuberculosis. In order to correctly and timely diagnose lung cancer, it is necessary to take into account the presence of these diseases during the examination.

Bronchial damage: The disease (small cell, squamous cell and others) is diagnosed in patients from 45 to 75 years old. More often, signs appear in representatives of the stronger sex. Over the past few decades, the incidence has increased several times. Scientists attribute this trend to the increased influence of carcinogens.

Malignant mutation of gastric epithelial cells. The disease in 70-90% of cases is associated with damage to the stomach walls by Helicobacter Pylori bacteria and is a common cancer in people aged 50 to 70 years. Stomach cancer is diagnosed 10-20% more often in men than in women. The incidence is 19-30 people per 100 thousand. The duration of the preclinical period of the disease is from 11 months to 6 years. Men with stomach cancer live on average 12 years, and women 15 years less than their peers.

Factors contributing to the development of cancer cells in the stomach:

• Monotonous diet, the presence of pickled, fried and smoked foods, salt, and animal fats in the menu.
• The composition of the soil in the area in which you live.
• Gardeners use fertilizers that contain nitrogen, nitrate, copper, cobalt and molybdenum.
• Living conditions. If a person lives in a private house and heats it with a stove, then the product of combustion of coal or wood - ash, entering the body, contributes to the development of the disease. Addiction to smoking and alcohol, especially vodka.
• Patients with stomach ulcers, polyps, atrophic gastritis.

When the cancer has grown greatly and gone deep into the tissues of the body, a person develops new symptoms: severe pain in the stomach, which can be felt even in the back, increased weakness and reluctance to do anything, sudden weight loss over a long period of time. Doctors pay attention to the skin; it becomes pale, and in some cases acquires an earthy tint. Pain appears on late stages(3-4), when the cancer, having reached a large size, spread to other organs. The last stage leaves a stomach cancer patient with only a few months to live.

Symptoms of cancer and signs of a malignant process in other localizations are described in materials devoted to individual organs; we have given only the most common forms.

Precancerous diseases of the pancreas:

• Diabetes,
• Chronic pancreatitis,
• Gallbladder diseases,
• Pancreatic cysts.

It grows quickly, metastasizes early, is difficult and painful to diagnose and treat, and has a very unfavorable prognosis. However, if you detect the disease at the first stage and quickly take action, you can count on five (or even more) years of life.

At the third and fourth stages, the voice already changes, dysphagia increases, vomiting periodically appears, something is constantly bothering the chest, the patient loses weight and loses the ability to work. Survival for stage 3 cancer is low; with active treatment, 25% of patients survive, but with distant metastasis, only half of them have little prospects.

With stage 4 cancer, patients live barely six months, and full life it can hardly be called.

Elderly people suffer from esophageal cancer. There are more patients among men. The appearance of a tumor is promoted by smoking and drinking strong alcoholic drinks. Such habits increase the risk of developing cancer tenfold. Most often they occur in the middle and lower parts of the esophagus. The most common form develops from squamous epithelial cells. In second place is adenocarcinoma, which is formed from glandular cells. In 10% of cases, this form is accompanied by a tumor in the oral cavity: lips, palate, tonsils, larynx.

Malignant degeneration of the glandular epithelium of the colon or rectum. The main treatment method is surgical removal of the affected tissue.

It most often affects the large intestine of middle-aged and elderly men. The first symptoms (discomfort, fatigue, nervousness) do not give much reason to suspect. The appearance of obvious signs (pain, intestinal disorders, bleeding in feces) is often delayed.

It is characterized by the appearance of neoplasms of a malignant nature in the wall of its mucosa. Currently, cancer in various parts of the intestine is diagnosed in 9-12 people per 100 thousand.

In the structure of cancer incidence, colon cancer ranks 2nd in women, behind breast disease, and 3rd in men, behind infection of the prostate gland and lungs. It accounts for 15% of all malignant tumors, with 20% affecting the cecum and rectum, 10% sigmoid and 40% colon.

The reasons for the appearance are not benign formations in the intestines:

• Smoking
• Nutritional Features
• Familial forms (heredity, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)

Gastrointestinal diseases:

• Polyps in the intestines (benign formations) can become malignant (75%), so they are considered stage 0 oncology and are recommended to be cut out.
• Inflammation and ulcers in the mucous wall, Crohn's disease and other gastrointestinal diseases can provoke the appearance of neoplasms.
• Celiac disease - gluten intolerance is also one of the provocateurs of the development of oncology in the intestines.

What should you pay attention to so as not to miss the disease?

• Intestinal disorder, which is accompanied by diarrhea, constipation, and fecal incontinence. Discharge: bloody, purulent and mucous.
• Feeling of pain in the rectum.
• Sudden weight loss, manifestations of anemia, pallor.

At the initial stage there are no symptoms of cancer, but the infected area continues to grow and after some time the intestinal lumen closes. Appear painful sensations, since feces cannot pass freely, this provokes the release of blood and pus. Over time, feces become deformed and change color; in medicine this is called ribbon-like stool. Rectal cancer is compared to hemorrhoids, but with hemorrhoids it appears at the end of a bowel movement, not at the beginning.

Women from 15 to 70 years old are affected. Between the ages of 18 and 40, the disease is the leading cause of early death. This type of cancer can be vaccinated.

8 reasons promoting development:

• Hypertension and diabetes.
• Addiction to smoking and alcohol.
• AIDS and others venereal diseases.
• Menopause disorders.
• Early sexual activity and childbirth.
• Frequent change of sexual partners.
• Scars after birth injuries and erosion.
• Obesity.

Early diagnosis gives hope for a full recovery. If a form is discovered that cannot be treated, the pregnancy of a woman expecting a child is terminated.

Symptoms: Mostly women complain of pain and regular bleeding even after menstruation. But these symptoms only indicate that the tumor is gradually disintegrating and is already in an advanced form. It is referred to as leucorrhoea - an unpleasant watery or mucous discharge that is mixed with blood. Leucorrhoea often has a very bad smell, but not in all cases, sometimes they don’t smell like anything. If you have strange discharge, consult a doctor; it is quite possible that the cancer has not yet reached a deep and advanced stage and there is a chance of cure.

65-70% of tumors that are recognized as malignant are throat cancer. This disease most often affects men who are already 40 years old. The percentage of those who can be cured is 60%. This is an “urban” disease; rural residents suffer less from it.

Factors of appearance:

• smoking;
• consumption of alcoholic beverages;
• professional (whether inhaling dust from coal or asbestos);
• neglect of oral hygiene;
• excessive consumption of salted meat;
• heredity;
• chronic diseases (pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis).

In rare cases, a tumor can develop as a result of malignancy of leukoplakia, long-standing papillomas and other benign formations in the throat area. At the initial stage, the following can be distinguished: symptoms of throat and larynx cancer:

• significant change in voice sound;
• the appearance of hoarseness in the voice, followed by loss of voice;
• pain when swallowing food and saliva;
• feeling of a foreign object in the throat;
• possible occurrence of shortness of breath.

A cough in the presence of a formation in the throat occurs reflexively and is accompanied by the secretion of mucus, with possible streaks of blood, due to a violation of the formation. Probable Causes pain syndrome is caused by the presence of formation in upper sections throat. The pain can radiate to the ear and also intensifies when swallowing, which is the reason for refusing to eat.

Larynx: In the general structure of malignant tumors, it accounts for 2.6% of cases. Among such neoplasms of the head and neck, it ranks first in frequency. Patients with laryngeal cancer make up about 70% of all patients with cancer of the upper respiratory tract. It affects mainly males; for every 1 sick woman there are 9-10 men. Most often it occurs in men aged 65-75 years, in women - at 70-80 years.

A dangerous disease that is difficult to treat and can lead to death. The greatest threat lies in its asymptomatic course - the fourth stage of brain cancer, in which the patient has severe symptoms of cancer, is difficult to treat and the prognosis for such patients is disappointing. The incidence of this cancer is about one and a half percent of total number registered malignant tumors.

Factors in the development of oncology:

A common pathology, which is most often detected among women of retirement age (from 50 to 70 years). The prognosis cannot be the same for everyone; we cannot talk about the stage; in each case, the characteristics of the tumor, the age of the patient, and the condition of other organs are taken into account. Ovarian tumors account for a quarter of all inflammatory processes in the female genital organs. Given the high mortality rate, it is very important to detect the disease in its early stages.

The term “ovarian cancer” is most often used in a general sense and means a malignant neoplasm. But in fact, there are many different tumor processes that can pass from benign to “cancerous” forms, be located in different parts and have completely different treatments.

1% of all tumors and less than 0.5% of deaths. The peak incidence is at 45-60 years of age, but malignant tumors of the thyroid gland can appear at any age. This form is also found in children and adolescents. IN early age the tumor behaves more aggressively than in adults.

Women are 2-3 times more likely to become victims of thyroid cancer. But in old age (over 65) men are at greater risk of getting sick than their peers.

The disease most often occurs in regions that have been exposed to radiation and where there is an insufficient amount of iodine in nature. This form of cancer is most common among Caucasians. It is classified as a non-aggressive tumor. It may not increase in size for years and not metastasize to other organs.

What is blood cancer? A malignant tumor that affects and destroys the hematopoietic system. This reproduction can occur not only in the bone marrow, but also in the blood passing along the periphery, as well as in the internal organs. As a result, it grows in the bone marrow and replaces the “healthy” processes of blood formation.

During further development illness, the patient develops many diseases that are associated with:

• Increased degree of bleeding;
• General weakening of the immune system;
• Infectious complications.

There are two main forms:

• Acute: determined by a significant number of immature cells that inhibit normal blood production.
• Chronic form: it is considered to be overly active formation of two types of bodies, granulocytes or granular-type leukocytes. As noted above, it is they who ultimately replace healthy cells that previously formed blood.

How long do they live? The prognosis for chronic leukemia is many times more positive than for acute forms. The extremely rapid, even aggressive course of acute leukemia always provokes an equally rapid “fading” of the patient.

Presented form of leukemia:

• Practically impossible to adequately treat;
• It often turns out to be a catalyst for the formation of lymphoblastic leukemia (in approximately 80% of cases).

With this type of leukemia, discovered at an advanced stage, months count. In case of timely intervention - from two to five years. Chronic leukemia is characterized by a slower progression. However, this happens exactly up to a certain stage, at which the so-called “blast crisis” occurs. In this case, chronic leukemia actually acquires all the features of acute leukemia.

Death at this stage may well occur from any consequences of the disease. Medical intervention provided on time gives a chance for long years and even decades, to achieve long-term remission. The younger the patient, the higher the chances of 100% recovery.

At the initial stage, the patient is faced with:

• Painful sensations in abdominal cavity, especially in its upper region;
• Pain in the joints, which may be accompanied by “ache” in the bones;
• Frequent bleeding that is quite difficult to stop;
• Forced formation of bruises or blood stains;
• A significant increase in the size of not only the liver, but also the lymph nodes;
• Constant weakness, lethargy and apathy;
• A condition with symptoms resembling fever;
• Frequent infectious diseases;
• Frequent urge to urinate.

As a rule, this stage of blood cancer is diagnosed after the fact - when moving to a further stage of the disease.

The formation of a malignant tumor occurs when a somatic cell divides uncontrollably and invades human organs. Cancer is dangerous because such division cannot be seen visually. This disease can develop as a result of the consequences of chronic dermatitis, prolonged exposure to the sun and radioactive radiation.

First, small nodules form on the skin. When there are few of them, it does not cause pain. And when the plaque nodules protrude above the skin and grow, the pain becomes noticeable. Finally, the tumor grows to such a size that it covers the entire skin and penetrates deep into it.

It includes the following types of malignant skin tumors:

• basalioma (formed from basal skin cells),
• squamous,
• melanoma (formed from melanocytes).

If a mole changes color, becomes larger, itches, or bleeds, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is recommended to examine a dermatologist once a year and perform dermatoscopy in the presence of suspicious moles and other age spots.

skin tumors: 1 - mole, 2 - nevus dysplasia (moles), 3 - actinic keratosis, 4 - squamous cell, 5 - basal cell, 6 - melanoma

A connection between this disease and chronic hepatitis has been established. The development of mutations in cell tissue occurs gradually, over several years after infection with the virus. Under its influence, healthy cells die and scars (cirrhosis) form in their place, which leads to the development of cancer. Chronic alcoholic hepatitis is another cause of the disease.

Liver cancer has almost no symptoms. Loss of appetite and weight, fatigue, weakness, pain in the right side may go unnoticed. And this can precisely be caused by the growth of cancer cells.

Its treatment is carried out by surgery and can only be cured with complete removal of the tumor! During this procedure, the affected area of ​​the liver is removed, and, if necessary, half of the organ. The liver quickly recovers to its original size.

If the tumor is too large, is located next to large vessels and has spread to the entire organ, surgery is useless. In this case, restorative treatment is used to alleviate general condition patient and prolonging his life. If left untreated, it quickly leads to death.

The symptoms are similar in terms of manifestations to cystitis, it appears several times more often in men than in women, it occurs mainly in people of both sexes aged 40 to 60 years.

The growth of a tumor formation that occurs in the area of ​​the lumen of the bladder, with the subsequent destruction of this formation leads to hematuria, the main manifestations of which are the appearance of blood in the urine. It is fresh, has a scarlet color, and appears in the urine in the form of several drops or streaks. Its appearance is not accompanied by pain; moreover, the state of health at this time can be called prosperous.

The progression of the tumor process leads to the following complications: Renal hydronephrotic transformation, manifested in combination with impaired urine outflow. Chronic renal failure with its characteristic symptoms such as dry mucous membranes and skin, lethargy and skin itching. In addition, digestive disorders may occur.

Bladder cancer comes in different types. This classification depends on what cells the malignant formation consists of:

• Transitional cell category (carcinoma). It is he who is diagnosed most often, in 90% of overall statistics of cases.
• Squamous category. It forms noticeably less frequently, and its main cause is cystitis, that is, chronic inflammation.
• Among the rather rare forms are carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, etc. Despite their rarity, they are not excluded when making a diagnosis.

In 60% of cases, patients with cancer are diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma. This is a malignant tumor that most often affects the long bones of the leg. A similar disease is diagnosed in adolescents and young adults aged 10 to 25 years. The neoplasm develops during the period of intensive growth and puberty, and boys are more prone to this disease.

It usually forms in the growth area, such as near the knee or at the lower end femur. Constant pain which worsens when walking, temporary lameness, weakness and a sharp decline weight - these are the main symptoms of leg bone cancer. Without treatment, metastasis occurs, with the lungs being primarily affected. The main risk group is children and young people under thirty years of age. It affects men from 17 to 30. Elderly people get sick very rarely.

Main symptoms:

• limitation of joint mobility;
• enlargement of regional lymph nodes;
• swelling of the limbs and joints;
• swelling of the soft tissues at the location of the tumor;
• pain even after rest, worse at night;
• increased skin temperature over infection;
• thinning, pale skin, pronounced vascular pattern;
• weakness, lethargy, fatigue, drowsiness;
• breathing disorders.

The tumor can develop on one or both kidneys. In most cases, patients diagnosed with kidney cancer have metastases in various organs. Most often, the disease occurs in the male half of the population; women are slightly less likely to encounter this problem.

The reasons for the appearance of malignant neoplasms in the kidneys include the following:

• Bad habits. Smoking, since nicotine contains carcinogens that have harmful effects specifically on kidney tissue;
• Excess weight. Even in the early stages of obesity, people can develop kidney malignancies;
• Injuries and falls. Any mechanical impact on the kidneys can provoke the appearance of a malignant neoplasm;
• Medicines. Constant use of medications in the treatment of various diseases increases the risk of swelling;
• Contact with chemistry and radiation;

TO precancerous kidney diseases include kidney cysts. These are tumor-like formations of the kidneys, often with an asymptomatic course. Sometimes there is pain in the lower back or hypochondrium on the affected side, renal colic and a tendency to increase blood pressure.

Adrenal cancer accounts for 10-15% of all tumors, including benign ones. Both children and elderly people get sick. If we consider that the incidence in Russia is only 0.2% in adolescents and children, and the dynamics increases with age to 7%, then the probability of getting sick is low - 1-2 cases per million population.

This is a male disease, otherwise it is called carcinoma. It affects the prostate gland, which negatively affects a man’s sexual function and can threaten his life. It is more common in men over 40 years of age. Carcinoma is very dangerous disease. The threat lies in the active spread of metastases when a person does not feel signs of the disease. Therefore, mature men need to carefully monitor their health. And for this you need to know what signs prostate cancer has. Treatment should be started immediately. Contact your doctor immediately if you are concerned about:

• Painful urination with blood.
• Urinary incontinence.
• Pain in the perineum and bones.
• Weight loss.

The initial stage of tongue cancer is asymptomatic in most cases, but painful cracks, ulcers, erosions, and indurations should alert you to the development of an oncological process. Leukoplakia of the tongue, papillomatosis, erosive changes in the mucosa are common precancerous conditions.

The average age of patients is 60 years. It often forms on the lateral surface or middle part of the tongue, less often found on the root, back and tip of the tongue. It is quite easy to detect a tumor, since it forms on the visible parts of this organ. The danger of cancer growth in the tongue is that the tumor is located close to important organs, such as lymph nodes or the brain, and when metastases spread, they can be affected. The main causes are addiction to tobacco, poor nutrition And dental problems in the oral cavity.

Cancer treatment consists of a complex of measures, including drug therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, specially formulated postoperative nutrition.

It is important to remember that the concept of “lymph node cancer” implies and combines at least 30 specific types of tumor formations.

Main groups:

• Hodgkin's lymphoma, accounting for approximately 25-35% of all existing lymphomas. It is determined during examination by the presence of extremely large Ridge-Berezovsky-Strenberg tissues in the lymph nodes. Also called lymphogranulomatosis;
• Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas- this is the name of all other types of malignant lymphomas, which account for the remaining 65-75%. A diagnosis can be made only after a histological examination of all samples of cells and tissues of the formation.

Almost always, the main route is lymphogenous or regional location, and then more distant nodes are affected. This happens when cancer cells spread throughout the body. Very often, a tumor also begins to form in the lymph nodes.

It most often affects the lower lip (95-98%), mainly in men. The remaining 2 - 5% are malignant neoplasms of the upper lip: in this group of patients almost only women. It forms after the age of sixty, and after seventy there is a sharp rise in incidence. Therefore, lip cancer is considered a disease of old age. However, isolated cases of this cancer occur in younger people.

Without prevention and treatment, cancer spreads to the cheeks and bones lower jaw, chin, then - supraclavicular lymph nodes and cervical lymph nodes. Lip cancer gives metastases to other organs and systems very rarely. If the disease is detected early, the prognosis for the patient’s life is very favorable. Complete cure is possible in seventy percent of cases.

Lip cancer is not so common; smokers or people who irritate this area in other ways suffer more. Symptoms (non-healing cracks, ulcers, peeling, in general, everything that should not be there) are not so painful for the patient that he quickly runs to the doctor, but in vain, because at the initial stage it can be cured. This will be very difficult to do in the future. The initial stage of throat cancer occurs with symptoms of inflammation, so patients attribute everything to manifestations of a common chronic disease and, as a rule, do not rush to see a doctor.

Neoplastic processes that have found a place on the tongue, lips, and throat are combined into one pathology - oral cancer.

Eye cancer is the name given to a whole group of malignant neoplasms that appear in the appendages eyeball(the lacrimal gland and on the eyelid), and in its tissues (conjunctiva, retina and choroid).

Since the causes of eye cancer have not yet been fully established, it is generally accepted that no person is potentially protected from the risk of their development.

Necks

The danger of the disease lies in the cancerous intoxication of the body, the proximity of the airways and the brain. Early diagnosis of malignant neck lesions plays a key role in the treatment of cancer patients.

There are many risk factors for the development of malignant tumors of the neck, but correction of the vast majority of them is possible. Quitting alcohol and smoking protects not only from the development of cancer, but also from many other diseases; if gastroesophageal reflux disease is detected in time, it responds well to treatment (sometimes there is even no need to take medications).

Spine

Cancer often develops in the vertebral bodies, which is the reason for the development of pain in the affected areas. Malignant tumors are divided into: those affecting the spinal membrane, those affecting the spinal cord. They lead to painful sensations in the organs located below it. Often these places lose sensitivity, and the person feels muscle weakness.

To determine the diagnosis, the necessary examination is required, one of the main components is an x-ray, during which a special colored liquid is injected into the spinal canal, which in the image indicates the absence or presence of a spinal tumor. To definitively clarify the diagnosis, a biopsy and computed tomography are indicated.

Rarely seen. More often in men than in women. The cause of this disease has not been identified. But in most cases, risk factors for developing nasal cancer are contact with flour and wood dust, and work in the production of leather products. The risk also increases if a person works with solvents and glue, nickel, chromium and some other substances. Smoking increases the risk of disease paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. Therefore, preventing the development of a malignant tumor involves eliminating risk factors. The reason that changes a benign tumor into a malignant one has also not been established.

The prognosis of nasal cancer depends on its stage. At stage 1, 100% of cancer patients experience complete recovery. The outcome of nasal cancer in the final stages with the formation of multiple metastases in the lymph nodes worsens. According to statistics, the survival rate at stage 4 does not exceed 10%, so it is important to diagnose it as early as possible.

A dangerous disease that requires prompt treatment. 15% of visits to dentistry are associated with various neoplasms originating from bone tissue. Not all of them are caused by the development of cancer cells. Only 1-2% are a sign of cancer. There is no specific age for the disease. Jaw cancer develops in both older people and infants. Each patient requires an individual approach.

• The injury is chronic. A bruise, an incorrectly installed crown, filling, or a prosthesis that causes constant rubbing of the gums.
• Damage to the oral mucosa.
• Inflammatory process.
• Smoking.
• Ionizing radiation.

In Russia - about 2% of cases of tumors of the neck and head in men, and about 1% - in women and girls. The disease most often affects older people aged 50-60 years, but benign tumors (hemangiomas and angiofibromas) occur in adolescents and children. The development of oncology in the nasopharynx begins unnoticed. It is important not to start the process, but to identify a deadly problem and set correct diagnosis. With the correct oncological therapy tactics, three-year survival after nasopharyngeal cancer detected on early stages, is 93% (without relapses - 65%).

A silent question in the eyes of parents: “Why and why did this happen to my child?” remains unanswered. There is an opinion that the risk of a tumor is associated with a breakdown of the gene, that is, it is programmed before birth. In most cases, the question of the origin of cancer in children remains open.

In a young growing body, a tumor develops rapidly, so noticing it in the initial stages is an important task, because only early diagnosis may give hope for recovery. When people talk about childhood oncology, they often don’t mean cancer itself, because epithelial tumors for childhood not typical. Children more often develop tumor processes in other tissues:

1. Bone, muscle and connective tissue (which includes blood and lymph) - sarcomas, lymphomas and leukemia, which people call blood cancer, which, in principle, is incorrect, but understandable;
2. Nervous - neuroblastomas, gliomas and others (with a tumor localized in the brain, everything is the same as with neoplasia of hematopoietic tissue - it is popularly called brain cancer).

People in the non-medical profession can be forgiven for such a renaming; classification is a matter for specialists, and the short word “cancer” immediately explains everything.

Tumors of the central nervous system give symptoms and signs that are also suitable for various pathological conditions:

• Headaches, especially in the morning, with vomiting (who would see cancer in such manifestations?);
• Decreased visual acuity (the child began to see poorly, but many parents attribute this to the negative influence of the monitor; children now sit too long at the computer);
• Apathy, indifference to games, changes in behavior;
• Gait disturbance;
• Increased head volume (the only symptom in young children who cannot yet correctly express their complaints).

Symptoms of cancer in children caused by tumors of other localizations can also resemble any disease:

• Weakness, fatigue, malaise, headaches;
• Pale skin, anemia;
• Dyspnea;
• Loss of appetite and weight;
• Pain in bones, muscles and joints;
• Increased body temperature;
• “Growing” belly due to enlargement of the spleen and liver;
• Enlarged lymph nodes.

Of course, not all symptoms and signs appear at the same time; this depends on the type of neoplasia, its stage and location. The presence of such manifestations does not indicate the development of a malignant process, so often a local pediatrician, gastroenterologist, rheumatologist tries to treat children, suspecting ARVI, poisoning, rheumatism and much more.

Cancer is a malignant tumor that can form in any organ, and it only grows over time. The structure of the tumor depends on the person’s age and the presence of other diseases. Before describing the symptoms, you need to understand what cancer is.

Article content:

What is cancer (disease)

Subsequently, at a late stage of the disease, all symptoms intensify, but they are not associated with the main cancer tumor, but with metastases that have penetrated deep into the tissues of the body. For example, symptoms of lung cancer can be expressed through the brain if metastases penetrate into it. For example, doctors say that prostate cancer can only be diagnosed after checking the bones; if there is pain and metastases in the bones, this indicates prostate cancer.

All malignant tumors excluding local symptoms, which are associated with only one organ, have certain common symptoms. The further the tumor develops, the more it destroys internal organs, and the most important systems of the body. Over time, changes occur in the metabolism, endocrine, nervous and immune systems. Because of this, the tumor has double action, either it destroys only one organ, or it destroys the entire system. When exposed to one organ, the tumor poisons healthy tissue that is located in proximity to the tumor. The local influence of a cancerous tumor is revealed during testing if the patient complains of certain symptoms. There are several groups of cancer symptoms: obstruction, destruction, compression. Each group has its own characteristics: destruction - destruction of the tumor, obturation - narrowing of the lumen of the organ, compression - pressure on the organ.

Why is it important to confirm/refute cancer symptoms?

Works often psychological factor– a person is afraid to see a doctor, he believes that surgery or cancer treatment can cause complications, and he tries to ignore any symptoms that he notices. Of course, symptoms such as fatigue and diarrhea do not necessarily indicate cancer, but they may indicate its presence and should be checked anyway. Also, a girl may think that standard uterine fibroids and cysts do not indicate the presence of cancer, perhaps this is a common disease that will go away with time. But the more a person ignores the symptoms, the greater the chance that the disease will deepen and after some time become incurable. Very often, completely healthy people discover that they have cancer after undergoing tests, but they did not have any symptoms, and if a person has at least one symptom related to cancer, they need to go to the doctor immediately.

Five common signs of cancer

• Sudden weight loss – Almost all people diagnosed with cancer have lost most of their weight during their illness. If you lose at least 5-7 kilograms without obvious reasons, you need to be checked at the hospital for cancer. This may be related to gastrointestinal cancer.


• Fever (high temperature) – a high temperature indicates the presence of cancer, especially if it affects entire organ systems. Basically, fever is due to the fact that cancer negatively affects the immune system, and the body fights the infection and activates its powers, unfortunately, unsuccessfully. But fever does not appear at the initial stage of cancer, so if there were no other symptoms before the fever, it may not be cancer.


• Weakness – weakness increases gradually as the disease penetrates deep into the body. But fatigue can develop at the very beginning after damage to the body, for example, if hemorrhage occurs in the stomach or large intestine. Due to blood loss appears extreme fatigue and discomfort within the body.


• Painful sensations – pain appears in the initial stages of the disease if there are several tumors in the body. Often pain indicates damage to an entire system of the body.


• Changes in the epidermis - hyperpigmentation occurs, jaundice, erythema, urticaria, and so on appear. Tumors may appear on the skin and hair may grow more rapidly, indicating the presence of cancer.

Seven Cancer Symptoms That Need Attention

• Disorders in the genitourinary system and stool disorders often occur chronic constipation or diarrhea, the amount of stool and its color may change, which indicates colon cancer. If you experience pain when urinating and you see blood in your urine, you should consult a doctor immediately. Often there is an overly frequent urge to urinate for no apparent reason, which indicates problems with the prostate gland.


• Ulcers and wounds do not go away for a long time - very often tumors look like an ulcer, and at the same time they bleed heavily. If there is a small sore in the mouth that constantly does not go away, this is a sign of mouth cancer. It occurs most often in smokers and alcoholics. If there are ulcers on the vagina or penis, you should immediately undergo examination, as this indicates a serious infection of the body.


• Strange discharge of pus or blood - if the disease has developed for a long time and you have not noticed it, strange bleeding or discharge of pus may begin. For example, if when you cough you cough up pus with blood, this is lung cancer, and if blood is found in the stool, then this is colon cancer. If you have cervical cancer, there is a chance of bleeding from the vagina, and if blood appears in the urine, it is bladder cancer, and the kidneys may also be infected. If blood comes out of the nipple, this indicates breast cancer.


• Small lumps in any part of the body - if a lump is felt through the skin in the testicles, breasts and other soft tissues, this indicates the presence of cancer. Moreover, it is impossible to say for sure whether this is an initial form or an advanced one, but if you notice a lump, tell your doctor immediately. Over time it will increase.


• Difficulty swallowing and problems with the gastrointestinal tract - very often the symptoms indicate stomach or intestinal cancer; consult a doctor immediately.


• The appearance of moles or warts - if you already had moles and they became larger or changed color, you should consult a doctor. It is quite possible that this is melanoma, and if examined, it can be cured at the initial stage.


• A hoarse voice or a strong cough - a persistent cough indicates lung cancer; if the voice disappears, it is a cancer of the thyroid gland or throat.

Atypical cancer symptoms

• The appearance of ulcers on the tongue and mouth;


• Changes in the color of warts and moles, changes in their size;


• Sore throat, severe and painful cough;


• Thickenings and nodes in the nipples, dense lumps in the testicles, mammary glands and other places;


• Painful sensations when urinating;


• Strange discharge of pus and blood;


• Problems with swallowing and abdominal pain, especially in older people;


• Severe migraine;


• Sudden loss of appetite or weight;


• An increase or decrease in temperature for no reason indicates the presence of cancer;


• Persistent infection for no apparent reason;


• Violation of the menstrual cycle;


• Tumors that cannot be treated;


• Redness of the lips and skin, yellowness in the eyes and skin;


• Strange swelling that has never appeared before;


• Bad breath.

Symptoms of cancer of different organs

• Stomach cancer

Only when the cancer has deepened and passed into the tissues of the body does a person develop severe symptoms: severe pain in the stomach, which can be felt even in the back, increased weakness and reluctance to do anything, sudden weight loss over a long period of time. Doctors pay attention to the skin; it becomes very pale, and in some cases takes on an earthy tint. But at the initial stage, the skin color remains the same.

Main symptoms: nipple retraction and hardening, bloody and unclear discharge from the nipple. Very often, cancer is accompanied without pain, but in the presence of mastopathy, pain appears and intensifies every day.

• Skin cancer

• Rectal cancer

• Lungs' cancer

• Uterine cancer

Cancer is a serious disease during which a malignant tumor is formed in the body, which has symptoms characteristic only of it, as well as nonspecific signs. By listening to your body, you can diagnose the disease at an early stage and begin treatment immediately. After all, it is very important to recognize the disease when everything can still be corrected and saved. human life. Any sudden change in health should be a reason to consult a doctor. Sudden weight loss elevated temperature For no apparent reason, changes in skin color can be signs of cancer or another disease. You should not self-medicate, wait until it goes away on its own, it is better to contact a specialist and get tested.

Attention, cancer: symptoms and signs!

If diarrhea or constipation has become normal, and the color and volume of stool have changed, then these are the first signs of colon cancer.

If the process of urination has become frequent and painful, and there are traces of blood in the urine, then these symptoms indicate problems with the prostate gland.

Long lasting wounds and cuts that can fester and bleed are fraught with danger. Small ulcers in the mouth, vagina and penis that do not heal for a long time are also a cause for concern, as they indicate the presence of an infection in the body and, possibly, primary signs of cancer.

Purulent and bloody discharge indicates an advanced disease in the body. Coughing up blood often indicates signs of lung cancer. Detection of feces in the blood indicates, at best, colitis, and at worst, a malignant neoplasm. Discharge of blood from the nipples can be a symptom of breast cancer, and from the vagina - cervical cancer. One of early manifestations cancerous tumors are lumps in some parts of the body, such as female breast and scrotum. You can diagnose them yourself with regular examination. own body. Having felt them, you should immediately go to the doctor. Regular problems with the gastrointestinal tract, as well as difficulty swallowing food, are signs of stomach or intestinal cancer.

Signs of lung cancer usually appear in the form of hoarseness, a suffocating cough that does not stop for a long time. It is difficult to detect throat cancer, the first signs of which are similar to cold symptoms. This is a hoarse voice, perhaps its complete disappearance, inflammation of the lymph nodes, cough and putrid odor from the mouth.

Neoplasms in the form of moles and warts characterize a disease such as melanoma, which can be cured at the initial stage.

Nonspecific primary signs of cancer

There are a number of symptoms characteristic of the onset various diseases, not as dangerous as cancer. People blame their illness on them, without thinking that everything is much more serious.

Sudden weight loss for no apparent reason. Almost all cancer patients lose a lot of weight, especially when it comes to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

An elevated temperature indicates that there is an infection in the human body that suppresses the immune system, and therefore the body devotes all its strength to fighting it. But, as a rule, an increase in temperature does not occur in the initial stages of the disease. So the involvement of temperature in oncology should be considered only if additional signs are present.

A formed tumor can cause pain. Pain indicates serious damage to an entire system in the body.

Changes in the skin in the form of manifestations of urticaria, jaundice, increased pigmentation.

What types of cancer are there, signs of organ damage

So, let's look at the main types of pathology and their symptoms.

Stomach cancer

It never develops suddenly in completely healthy tissues. It is preceded by gastric disorders such as gastritis and ulcers. Scientists have proven that each geographic area is associated with a specific type of disease. For example, where people often suffer from intestinal cancer, there are almost no cases of tumors being diagnosed in the stomach.

Causes of malignant tumors:

Consumption of products containing nitrates, as well as salted, pickled, smoked products, dishes cooked over an open fire;
. removal of part of the stomach through surgery;
. chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach.

Doctors discovered an interesting fact: people with the first blood group are most often susceptible to stomach cancer.

Symptoms of the disease:

Feeling of discomfort and pain in the stomach after eating;
. sudden weight loss and lack of appetite;
. frequent bloating, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, flatulence;
. reduced level gland;
. fast fatiguability;
. black stool (due to bleeding inside the stomach).

The main problem is that small tumors that can be simply excised do not usually cause such symptoms.

Breast cancer

The main cause of breast cancer development is hormonal changes in female body. Such changes occur during pregnancy and breastfeeding, after abortion, and at the onset of menopause. The hormone estrogen is most often responsible for the development of the disease, namely its increased concentration, which occurs during abortion and menopause. When carrying and breastfeeding a child, this hormone is practically not produced. Therefore, it is believed that long-term breastfeeding is an excellent prevention of malignant tumors. Estrogen is produced in large quantities by the fatty tissues present in the body. Accordingly, the more there are, the more hormone is produced.

The first signs of breast cancer are discharge from the nipple and nodules that feel like stone, tightly fixed in the breast tissue. Their sizes can range from a couple to 10-15 centimeters in diameter. The skin over the nodule is pulled inward and wrinkles, resembling a lemon peel.

Skin cancer

The main cause of skin cancer development is long-term or short-term, but strong exposure to UV radiation on the skin. It has been noted that fair-skinned and fair-haired people are susceptible to this disease, as they are more sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet rays.

You can independently detect skin cancer; signs of a mole turning into a malignant neoplasm are visible to the naked eye. It can grow both horizontally and increase in volume, become asymmetrical and uneven in color. Often the mole becomes wet, bleeds and itches, hair stops growing on it and existing hair falls out. Skin around it become inflamed, and it itself becomes covered with crusts and flakes off. The mole may develop small nodules and become loose and glossy.

To make sure that it is definitely cancer, it is not enough to identify signs; you must immediately consult a doctor and take smears, scrapings, a biopsy, and, if necessary, perform ultrasonography affected tissues, check them for the presence of metastases.

Lungs' cancer

Most often, in the early stages, signs of lung cancer practically do not appear. That is why people learn about the development of this disease in the body during routine medical examinations or too late to count on a positive outcome of treatment. It is difficult to identify it in yourself without the help of doctors, since the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. But there are still signs of lung cancer that you can identify yourself. This is a cough, bronchitis with pneumonia that occurs for no apparent reason. As the tumor grows, certain parts of the organ stop working, causing shortness of breath.

A common symptom that most people complain about is pain in the chest area, namely where the tumor is located, fever and vague heartbeat. In the future, if the initial stage of the disease is not recognized, cancer will show more serious and characteristic signs, but you should not wait for them, as you may miss the moment when there is still a chance to be cured. In addition, lung cancer has pronounced symptoms only if it is located in the large bronchi.

Throat cancer

It is difficult to detect throat cancer at the initial stage; the first signs are very similar to a common cold. Until now, doctors have not come to a clear conclusion: where does this disease come from? However, there are statistical data that show that it occurs mainly in men, especially in smokers and drinkers. Old age, poor oral hygiene, work in hazardous industries, genetic predisposition, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, the presence of cancerous tumors in the neck and head - all this can cause the progression of cancer in the human body.

Hoarseness in the voice, its complete loss is possible;
. pain when swallowing, difficulty in this process;
. the smell of rot coming from the mouth;
. inability to cure a dry cough that does not go away for a long time;
. expectoration of bloody sputum;
. the lymph nodes in the neck are inflamed and enlarged;
. breathing difficulties associated with tumor growth;
. loss of appetite, and with it rapid weight loss;
. hearing loss, ear pain.

If a malignant tumor develops in the upper part of the larynx, then the person’s teeth hurt, fall out, and there is a sore throat. If the cancer has affected the lower throat, then pain similar to a sore throat is felt.

Signs of cancer in women may differ slightly from the classic ones, since the disease is more aggressive due to increased levels of estrogen. They become irritable, get tired faster, and the menstrual cycle is disrupted. They have recorded cases of bleeding from the upper respiratory tract and a higher content of blood in the sputum. Cancer in women is detected earlier, as they are more attentive to their body and seek treatment more often. medical care. Men make up 90% of the total number of people diagnosed with throat cancer; they can ignore the first signs, attributing them to general malaise and fatigue.

Uterine cancer

A very common disease that affects women over 40 years of age. What can contribute to its development? There are many reasons: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, nicotine addiction, the presence of human papillomavirus in the body, HIV, frequent changes of partners, early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstrual cycle, late onset of menopause. The risk group includes women with excess weight of more than 10 kg. Uterine cancer can be predicted in advance, since its precursors are erosive processes, the formation of ulcers and scars after childbirth, the growth of the endometrium and the presence of constant inflammatory processes.

The classic signs of uterine cancer that all women complain about are whitish discharge, bleeding and pain. But all this does not appear at the very beginning. In this regard, a number of difficulties arise in order to immediately recognize uterine cancer. Signs and symptoms of the initial stages of the disease are mucous discharge mixed with pus and blood, appearing after exercise and strain of the pelvic muscles. Very often the cycle is disrupted, and trips to the toilet become frequent and painful, which indicates the progression of the disease, which has already reached the bladder. If at first the discharge may be odorless, then in the final stages it acquires an unpleasant putrefactive odor. A good reason to see a doctor is bloody issues, even minor ones, in menopausal women. The insidiousness of the disease is that it is impossible to identify such a woman externally, because she looks fresh and cheerful, only in the last stages is weight loss observed.

Cervical cancer

This cancer affecting the cervix is ​​the most common among other types of genital cancer. Women aged 35 to 55 years are at risk. According to statistics, this disease is more common in Latin women than in European women. This disease is predicted by the erosions and dysplasia that precede it, so it can be detected in the early stages, and therefore cured. If you do this on time, you can preserve the woman’s ability to give birth to children and lead a full sex life. The most important causative agent of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus. It is transmitted sexually, even a condom does not serve as protection, since its cells are very small and penetrate through the smallest pores in the latex. In addition, the virus is located not only on the genitals, but also on adjacent areas of the skin. There are a number of other factors: smoking, frequent sexual intercourse with different partners, sexually transmitted diseases, constant stay in a state of weight loss, AIDS. They can cause cancer. Signs do not appear in the early stages. The woman does not experience any discomfort.

Must be completed annually routine examinations gynecologist, take tests. These procedures will help detect signs of cervical cancer earlier. Symptoms characteristic of this disease:

Bleeding that occurs after sex, examination by a gynecologist, between menstruation, and also after the onset of menopause;
. changes in cycle duration, color and volume of menstrual flow;
. increased volume of vaginal discharge. They become white, mixed with blood, and in later stages they take on the color and smell of rotting meat waste.
. feeling of pain during sex;
. pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen;
. weight loss;
. constipation and problems with urination, as a result of which the legs begin to swell;
. increased fatigue and general weakness.

It is worth noting that all these signs can appear not only with cervical cancer, but also with almost all diseases of the genital organs. Therefore, it is necessary to seek help from qualified gynecologists and oncologists.

Testicular cancer

This is a fairly rare, but still common male cancer. However, it is one of its most aggressive forms, affecting men under 40 years of age. The causes can be either congenital benign tumors, trauma, or infertility. The most main reason- cryptochism, when the testicle does not descend into the scrotum. Cancer is genetically transmitted and affects Caucasians more often than African Americans.

To prevent the development of cancer in your body, you need to engage in prevention, lead a healthy lifestyle, and eat right. Nutrition plays a very important role in maintaining health. After all, the development of some forms of this disease, such as stomach or intestinal cancer, is facilitated by unhealthy fatty foods loaded with preservatives. The stomach is unable to digest it, and it begins to rot. It is very important to visit doctors regularly for preventive examinations. If cancer is nevertheless discovered, then you should not think that this is a death sentence and life ends there. Timely diagnosis is very high performance recovery.