Quick treatment of snot for a one-year-old child. Severe runny nose and sneezing what to do with a cold

Cough and runny nose without fever in a child are the main signs of the development of inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. Allergic and infectious agents can provoke pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system.

Determine the most optimal treatment strategy respiratory disease It is possible only after an instrumental examination by a pediatrician. Rhinitis and cough are protective and adaptive reactions of the body, which are aimed at removing allergens, mucus and pathogens from the respiratory tract.

Relief of symptoms without determining the causes of their occurrence can lead to inflammation lower divisions respiratory tract and the development of complications. That is why before using certain medications, you need to consult a pediatrician.

Causes of the disease

In children preschool age colds are 3 times more common than in adults. According to pediatricians, this is due to underdevelopment immune system and its inability to withstand the onslaught of pathogenic agents. For this reason, during periods of exacerbation of seasonal diseases, children often have a runny nose, cough, sore throat, muscle weakness, lacrimation, etc.

The main causes of occurrence pathological symptoms can be divided into two large groups:

infectious

Rhinitis and constant expectoration of mucus in the absence of fever are clear manifestations infection respiratory organs. Microbes, fungi or viruses can become provocateurs of pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the laryngopharynx and nose. The most common conditions associated with cough and nasal congestion include:

• flu;
• nasopharyngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• laryngitis;
• cold.

Late treatment of acute respiratory diseases is fraught with the development of sinusitis, sphenoiditis, adenoiditis, etc.

Very often, cough in children occurs as a result of nasal mucus running down the back of the throat. Subsequent stimulation of cough receptors leads to the appearance of paroxysmal cough. In this case, to eliminate pathological symptoms it is enough to eliminate the inflammation directly in the nasal cavity.

allergic

Nasal congestion and - the main manifestations of an allergic reaction. Penetrating into the nasal mucosa, allergens cause inflammation, which stimulates the production of a viscous secret. With the current of mucus, dust, dirt, allergens and other foreign elements are evacuated from the nasal canals. Allergies in children can be provoked by:

• second hand smoke;
• dust and dust mites;
• evaporation of household chemicals;
• polluted air;
• plant pollen.

The manifestations of allergies are very similar to the symptoms of a cold, but the methods of treating diseases are fundamentally different.

To eliminate the signs of allergy, it is necessary to eliminate the causal allergen and prescribe antihistamine therapy to the small patient. Timely intake of antiallergic drugs can prevent severe swelling of the mucosa and complications.

It is possible to cure cough and snot without fever in a child faster if the therapeutic regimen is followed. A complex approach to solve the problem can significantly alleviate the patient's condition and speed up the process of his recovery. During the course of drug therapy, it is recommended:

Cough remedies

How to deal with a cough in a child? Before using any medication, you need to determine the type of cough. It can be dry (unproductive) or wet (productive). In the first case, sputum from the bronchi, trachea and upper respiratory tract is not separated, in the second case it is separated. In this regard, two types of drugs can be used to relieve the symptoms of the disease:

Antitussives

Antitussives suppress the cough reaction and are used only when unproductive cough. The components of the drugs are aimed at reducing the sensitivity of the corresponding zones in the cerebral cortex or receptors located in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa. They are produced in the form of syrups, tablets, solutions for inhalation, lozenges for resorption, etc. AT pediatric practice for the treatment of acute respiratory infections are usually used:

• "Panatus";
• "Sinekod";
• "Stoptussin";
• "Omnitus";
• "Libexin".

Antitussives are prescribed only by a pediatrician and are used for no more than 3 days in a row.

Expectorants

Expectorants thin the sputum, making it easier to separate from the walls of the respiratory tract. The composition of some drugs additionally includes components that prevent the secretion of mucus and, accordingly, irritation of cough receptors. The use of secretolytic drugs prevents the accumulation of pathological secretions in the lungs, which is fraught with the development of bronchitis and pneumonia.

For the treatment of children, the following types of expectorants are usually used:

• "Fluimucil";
• "Ambrobene";
• "Bromhexine";
• "Linkas";
• "Ascoril".

Expectorants should not be used to treat children under 2 years of age, as they are not yet able to effectively cough up sputum.

Remedies for the common cold

Rhinitis is the discharge of mucous masses from the nasal passages, provoked by inflammation of the soft tissues in the nasal cavity. To improve the well-being of a small patient, it is recommended to use nasal drops and sprays. Depending on the principle of action, the following types of drugs for intranasal administration are distinguished:

• vasoconstrictor ("Evkazolin", "Tizin") - reduce the permeability of blood vessels, thereby eliminating swelling and improving the patency of the nasal canals;
• moisturizing ("Physiomer", "Salin") - reduce swelling, moisturize the mucous membrane and accelerate the evacuation of viscous secretions from the nasal passages;
• antibacterial ("Isofra", "Bioparox") - inhibit the activity of microbes, eliminate purulent inflammation in the nasal cavity;
• antiviral ("Nazoferon", "Grippferon") - destroy viruses, increase local immunity and accelerate tissue healing;
• homeopathic ("Edas-131", "Delufen") - increase local immunity and prevent recurrence of inflammation in the nasal cavity.

Nasal drops based on sea water are the safest, as they practically do not cause adverse reactions and irritation of the mucosa.

Pediatricians do not recommend using vasoconstrictor drops for more than 5 days in a row. They contain substances that negatively affect the structure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Abuse of drops is fraught with the development of allergic rhinitis and more serious complications.

The scheme of drug treatment

If the child coughs and "snotty", you need to take care of the correct preparation of the treatment regimen. It should be understood that nasal and cough preparations do not eliminate true reason development of a respiratory disease - an infection. To facilitate the well-being of a small patient and speed up the healing process, you need to use several types at once. medicines, namely:

Timely use of pharmacotherapy prevents chronic inflammation and the development of more serious complications, which include sinusitis, sphenoiditis, ethmoiditis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis, etc.

Results

Cough and rhinitis are classic manifestations colds The child has. The absence of subfebrile fever in most cases indicates a lack of resistance to infections. Inadequate and not timely treatment ARI quite often becomes the cause of the development of side diseases.

It is possible to eliminate undesirable manifestations of the disease by taking local drugs (nasal drops, inhalation solutions) and systemic (cough syrups, tablets) action. Complex therapy provides fast elimination not only the symptoms of a cold, but the infection itself. To prevent recurrence of flu or colds, it is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes for at least 1-2 weeks after undergoing medical treatment.

Runny nose is rarely an independent pathology. It is usually a symptom of a viral or bacterial infection. At first glance, this is a very harmless disease, which is not entirely true. A runny nose has many consequences for the body, including chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, and otitis media ( inflammation of the middle ear). In turn, these complications are dangerous because they occur most often in children of the first year of life. The reason for this is the features anatomical structure nasal passages and auditory tube.

Anatomy and function of the nasal cavity

Anatomy of the nasal cavity

The nasal mucosa consists of a special ciliated ( or ciliated) epithelium. It is called so because it consists of numerous cilia densely located on the mucosa. Moreover, there are microvilli on the apical surface of the cilia themselves. They, in turn, branch and elongate, increasing the area of ​​the mucosa several times. So, on average, ciliated cells have 200 - 300 cilia, the length of which is 7 microns. Moving, microvilli promote the movement of mucus from the nasal cavity into the oropharynx, and out of the bronchi. Thus, they perform the function of drainage respiratory system. It should be noted that the volume of nasal mucus per day can vary from 200 milliliters to one liter. Dust particles, allergens and pathogenic microorganisms. The functionality of the mucous membrane is most optimal at a temperature of 28 - 33 degrees and a pH of 5.5 - 6.5. The slightest deviation from these parameters leads to a change in its composition. So, loss of moisture, temperature drop to 7 - 10 degrees, increase in pH over 6.5 and other fluctuations cause the cilia to stop fluctuating. At the same time, the composition of the mucosa changes, and the level of its protection decreases.

The mucous membrane of the nose is abundantly supplied with nerve endings that are associated with various bodies and systems. That is why the child's body reacts negatively even to the most minor violations physiological functions nose. Even with the slightest runny nose, children become capricious, irritable, and begin to sleep poorly. The main factor contributing to the development of a runny nose is hypothermia. A decrease in temperature leads to a violation defense mechanisms organism and activation of opportunistic microflora in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx and oral cavity. The development of the common cold is also facilitated by a decrease in the body's resistance due to chronic diseases.

Functions of the nasal cavity

The main functions of the nasal cavity are:

• filtration of inhaled air;
• protective function;
• function of warming the inhaled air.

Protective function
The work of the cilia of the epithelium is also aimed at eliminating ( breeding) from the respiratory tract of foreign objects. It can be poplar fluff, wool particles and other objects. Getting into the nasal passages, they irritate the receptors embedded in the mucous membrane. Irritation of receptors leads to muscle contraction, as a result of which unconditional defensive reflex- sneezing. Thanks to sneezing, all pathological elements are removed from the upper respiratory tract.

Inhalation air warming function
The nasal cavity also warms the inhaled air, which is especially important during the cold seasons. This feature of the nose prevents the lower airways from becoming cold. Once in the nasal cavity, the air passes into the nasopharynx, and from it into the larynx and bronchi. Passing all this way, the air warms up and at the moment when it reaches the lungs, it does not lead to hypothermia of the mucosa.

Causes of a runny nose in children

Infectious causes of the common cold in children

• acute respiratory diseases ( ORZ);
• viral infections - adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, coronaviruses;
• Infectious mononucleosis ;
• bacteria;

Further, viruses or bacteria can migrate from the upper respiratory tract ( i.e. nasal cavity) into the lower respiratory tract. With a runny nose, the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses and middle ear can also be affected. This explains the fact that the common cold is most often accompanied by inflammation of the paranasal sinuses ( sinusitis, frontal sinusitis) and middle ear ( otitis media).

As a rule, a runny nose in children is recorded during a period of sharp temperature fluctuations. This is due, first of all, to a change in the virulent properties ( contagious ability) microbes, as well as with the hypothermia factor. Expressed inflammatory response in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity is observed when the feet are cooled. This is due to the presence of reflex connections between the feet and the nose.

Non-infectious causes of the common cold in children

Non-infectious causes of a runny nose in children include:

• environmental factors - dust, smoke, strongly smelling substances;
• allergenic factors - fluff, wool;
• trauma;
• foreign bodies.

Allergic rhinitis in children

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis in children are:

• nasal congestion;
• rhinorrhea ( discharge of liquid contents from the nasal cavity);
• sneezing
• itching in the nasal cavity.

Given the time period of contact with the allergen, doctors distinguish between seasonal, year-round and occupational allergic rhinitis. The first two are typical for both children and adults, the last one is only for adults. The main cause of allergic rhinitis is plant pollen, which is a powerful allergen. To the number significant allergens includes pollen from trees, grasses and weeds. Based on this, there are three main peaks of exacerbation of seasonal allergic rhinitis.

The periods of the year, which account for the peak incidence of allergic rhinitis, include:

• April May- due to pollination of trees such as birch, alder, hazel;
• June July- associated with the pollination of such cereal grasses as timothy and fescue;
• Aug. Sept- due to pollination of such weeds as wormwood, quinoa and plantain.

Stages of development of the common cold

The stages of development of the common cold are:

• reflex stage;
• catarrhal stage;
• the stage of recovery or accession of infection.

Catarrhal stage of development of the common cold
The second stage of the development of the common cold lasts from 2 to 3 days. During this stage, vasodilation occurs, which provokes swelling of the turbinates. Children complain of a feeling of nasal congestion, difficulty in nasal breathing. If the cause of the common cold is a viral infection, then abundant transparent watery discharge from the nose ( rhinorrhea). There are also symptoms such as decreased sense of smell, lacrimation, stuffy ears and a nasal tone of voice. Also, this stage is accompanied by an increase in body temperature to subfebrile figures ( 37.2 - 37.5 degrees). The mucous membrane of the nose at this stage becomes bright red and swells greatly, making it difficult to breathe. This, in turn, leads to the disappearance of the sense of smell and the deterioration of the perception of taste ( This is explained by the fact that olfactory receptors are laid in the nasal mucosa.). Sometimes lacrimation, congestion and tinnitus also join.

Stage of recovery or accession of infection
The third stage of the development of the common cold can go in 2 ways - recovery or the addition of bacterial inflammation. In the first case, the general condition improves, the function of the epithelium is restored. Nasal breathing begins to become freer, mucus secretion normalizes, and the sense of smell is restored. In the case of a secondary bacterial infection, the general condition of the child also initially improves. However, nasal discharge becomes greenish and thicker. Further development of the disease depends on how much the infection has descended. If pathogenic microorganisms have reached the bronchi, then the likelihood of developing bronchitis is high.

The duration of the common cold in children
On average, a runny nose of an infectious nature lasts from 7 to 10 days. With good immunity and quickly started treatment, recovery can occur as early as 2-3 days. When weakened defensive forces ah body and inadequate treatment runny nose is delayed up to 3 - 4 weeks. In this case, it can also go to chronic form or lead to complications.

Symptoms of a runny nose in a child

The classic symptoms of a runny nose are nasal congestion, discharge, and sneezing. Depending on the nature of the underlying disease, one or another symptom can be expressed as much as possible. For example, with a viral infection, a runny nose is characterized by profuse discharge from the nose, and with allergies, persistent itching and sneezing. The development of a runny nose, as a rule, is sharp and sudden - it begins quickly with a general deterioration in the child's condition. In children, body temperature rises, appears headache, nasal breathing worsens, sense of smell decreases.

Since young children cannot express their complaints, they mostly cry. The smaller the child, the more restless he becomes. In infants, it is not the manifestations of the common cold that come first, but signs of general intoxication.

Further, a liquid discharge from the nasal cavity appears very quickly. The production of mucous contents occurs due to the enhancement of the function of the goblet glands, which are embedded in the epithelium. Pathological nasal secretion has an irritating effect on the skin. This is especially noticeable in the area of ​​​​the vestibule of the nose and upper lip, which manifests itself in the form of redness and painful cracks.

Symptoms of a runny nose in children are:

• feeling of nasal congestion;
• rhinorrhea;
• sneezing
• lacrimation.

Lacrimation - very characteristic symptom for a runny nose. It is caused by irritation of the reflexogenic zones of the nasal mucosa. Lachrymation is almost always accompanied by sneezing, the nature of which is similar. Sneezing is the result of irritation of sensory fibers that are located in the mucous membrane.

The total duration of this disease varies from 8 to 14 days. If the general and local immunity of the child is not violated, then the runny nose stops after a couple of days. In weakened, often ill, runny nose most often has a protracted character - up to 3 - 4 weeks. In general, the child's condition depends on the underlying disease and the form of rhinitis.

Forms of rhinitis ( runny nose) are:

• acute rhinitis;
• chronic rhinitis;
• atrophic rhinitis;
• vasomotor rhinitis.

Chronic rhinitis
This type of runny nose is characterized by a violation of nasal breathing with alternate congestion in one or the other half of the nose. In chronic rhinitis, the nature of the discharge from the nose can be serous, mucous or purulent. Chronic hypertrophic rhinitis is characterized by a long course. Nasal congestion is characterized by a more permanent character, and most importantly, this symptom does not go away after application vasoconstrictor drops. In addition to difficulty in nasal breathing, sick children are worried about headaches, bad dream. The nasal mucosa is usually pale pink, reddish or bluish in color.

Atrophic rhinitis
In chronic atrophic rhinitis, the main symptom is a feeling of dryness in the nose. Also, patients complain of the formation of crusts, a feeling of pressure in the nasal cavity and headaches. The contents of the nose are always of a thick consistency and yellow-greenish tint. As a rule, the volume of pathological mucus in atrophic rhinitis is small. However, if pus is present in large quantities, then this can lead to the spread of a chronic process to the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx.

Vasomotor rhinitis

This form of rhinitis is characterized by such manifestations as sneezing, nasal congestion, abundant liquid discharge. The development of vasomotor rhinitis is based on neurovegetative disorders, which cause a sharp spasm of the nasal vessels.

Cough and runny nose in a child

The appearance in the clinical picture of such a symptom as a cough depends on how far the infection has penetrated. If the body's defenses are weakened, and the child young age, then the risk of developing bronchitis or pneumonia is very high. Premature and weakened children in 9 cases out of 10 develop pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The nature of the cough depends on the level of infection. If the inflammatory process is localized at the level of the nasopharynx, larynx or trachea, then the cough is mostly dry. The reason for this is a dry and inflamed mucous membrane, which irritates the nerve endings and provokes a cough. If the infection goes down and affects the bronchopulmonary department, then the cough becomes productive, that is, wet. The amount of secretion depends on how well the bronchi drain and how much fluid the child consumes. As a rule, the cough is initially accompanied by scanty and viscous sputum. Subsequently, when taking bronchodilators, sputum liquefies, and its volume increases. The color and specific smell of sputum also depends on the source of infection. With pyogenic flora, sputum has fetid odor and is greenish in color.

Temperature and runny nose in a child

Temperature options depending on the etiology of the common cold

Runny nose without fever in a child

Runny nose in infants

Very rarely, a runny nose can occur in isolation. As a rule, in infants, it occurs in the form of nasopharyngitis. At the same time, both the nasal cavity and the pharyngeal cavity are involved in the pathological process. Such a feature clinical picture due to the inability of the child to independently clear the nasal cavity of mucus ( i.e. spit out). This leads to the fact that the pathological contents flow down the back of the pharynx, causing its irritation and inflammation. Thus, the pharynx is also involved in the inflammatory process, as a result, not rhinitis develops, but nasopharyngitis. Moreover, the inflammatory process in infants more often than in adults extends to the larynx, trachea, and bronchi. The consequence of this is the frequent development of tracheitis, bronchitis and even pneumonia.

Another feature of the common cold is the rapid development of such complications as otitis media ( inflammation of the middle ear). The reason for this is also the anatomical features of the structure of the ear cavity. So, the auditory tube in children is much wider and shorter than in adults, which leads to the rapid penetration of infection from the nose into the ear. At the same time, constant horizontal position children and the lack of coughing skills lead to the flow of mucus from the nasal passages into the short auditory tube, and from it into the middle ear. Thus, a runny nose is quickly complicated by an inflammatory process in the middle ear, which is very difficult in young children. The development of such a complication as otitis media is accompanied by dramatic changes in the behavior of the child. Due to the appearance severe pain, the intensity of which is growing rapidly, the child is deprived of rest. He starts crying, screaming, shaking his head. Such rapid change in the child's behavior should alert parents even before the appearance of pus from the ear cavity. Last symptom indicates a ruptured tympanic membrane.

Complications of the common cold in children

The consequences of a runny nose in children are:

• rapid fatigue;
• sleep disturbance;
• memory loss;
• development chronic rhinitis and sinusitis;
• stop in the physical development of the child;
• deformation of the facial skeleton and chest bones;
• violation of metabolic processes;
• disruption of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems;
• development of allergic reactions.

Treatment of the common cold in children

• The room in which the child is located must be well ventilated.
• Humidity in the room should not be less than 50 - 60 percent.
• If a runny nose is accompanied by fever, then the child must be provided with adequate water regime- often, but little by little, give boiled water at room temperature.
• During a cold, it is not recommended to force-feed a child.
• It is necessary to regularly remove the accumulated mucus from the nasal passages.
• To relieve symptoms ( but not to eliminate the very causes of a runny nose) you can use vasoconstrictor drugs, which, in turn, are selected based on age.
• It is important to know that the maximum time of using any vasoconstrictor should not exceed 5 to 7 days.

Drops and sprays from the common cold in children

Drops and sprays used in the treatment of the common cold in children

Inhalation with a cold in children

Held inhalation procedures using nebulizers or steam inhalers. Various household appliances such as pots or kettles can also be used. Regardless of the method of inhalation in the treatment of rhinitis, inhalation is carried out through the nose, and exhalation through the mouth. The choice of the drug, the duration of the session, contraindications and other points of the procedure depend on which device is used in inhalation therapy.

Nebulizers
A nebulizer is a device in which the medicine breaks into small drops and turns into a mist, inhaled by the child's nose through a special tube. The temperature of the drug does not increase, since its transformation occurs under the influence of ultrasound, a membrane or a compressor. It is possible to carry out inhalation with the help of such equipment at all stages of the common cold and at any age of the child.

The rules for using a nebulizer for children's rhinitis are as follows:

• inhalation procedures with a nebulizer are carried out 2-4 times a day;
• it is necessary to continue the session for 5 - 8 minutes;
• before inhalation, the child should rinse the nasal and oral cavity;
• after the procedure, you should refrain from eating and drinking for 1-2 hours;
• the medicine is poured into a special chamber using a pipette or syringe ( most often come with the device);
• solutions used for inhalation should be at room temperature;
• before and after the session, parts that come into contact with the medicine or the nasal cavity of the child should be disinfected.

Drugs that are used for nebulizer therapy for children's rhinitis are:

• antiseptics ( miramistin, furatsilin);
• restorative ( tonsilgon, rotokan);
• anti-inflammatory ( budesonide);
• antibiotics ( dioxidine, gentamicin).

Steam inhalers
A steam inhaler is a device in which medication is heated and converted into vapor through a tube. Since such inhalations involve exposure to high temperatures on the mucous membrane, these procedures have a sufficient number of contraindications.
Steam inhalations are excluded at temperatures above 37 degrees, because hot steam will worsen the child's condition. Steam inhalations are not carried out for heart disease, bronchial asthma and a tendency to spasms in the bronchi. The age of the child from which the steam inhaler is allowed is 6 years.

The rules for steam inhalation are as follows:

• one hour before and after the procedure, all physical activity should be excluded;
• after the end of the session, you can not go out into the open air for 2-3 hours;
• you can eat and drink after 1 - 2 hours;
• session duration varies from 10 to 15 minutes;
• the number of procedures per day - from 3 to 6;
• steam temperature ( installed on the device) - from 50 to 60 degrees.

Plants from which solutions for steam inhalation are prepared are:

• plantain;

Treatment of the common cold in children with folk remedies

The methods of treatment that traditional medicine offers for children's rhinitis are:

• nasal lavage;
• nasal instillation;
• plentiful drink;
• heat compresses.

Washing the nose with a runny nose in children

How to rinse your nose?
There are 2 ways to wash the nose. The first method is relevant in the initial stages of the common cold, when there are no symptoms of the disease from other organs. To wash, the child needs to draw the solution into the right palm, and pinch one nostril with the fingers of the left hand. Then you should tilt your head down and use your free nostrils to draw in the liquid. After this, the solution must be spit out and the manipulation of the other nostril repeated.

The second way ( deep) rinsing the nose is appropriate for the progression of the common cold. Also, this method can be used to treat the common cold in young children, because its main actions are carried out by adults. The procedure is carried out in several stages.

The stages of deep washing of the nose with a runny nose are as follows:

• To rinse the nose, the child should lower his head down, and one of the parents should inject the solution into the nasal cavity using a special device. To inject the solution, you can use a medical syringe, a small syringe, or a flush kit ( sold in pharmacies).
• The solution is administered without strong pressure into the right nostril. At the same time, the child's mouth should be open, and the tongue should stick out forward. An adult should definitely control this moment, otherwise the child may choke on the liquid.
• Manipulation should be continued until the liquid poured into the nose reaches oral cavity. After that, the child should spit out the solution and blow his nose.
• Then you should repeat the manipulation for the left nostril.

• Rinse the nose as mucus accumulates. Be sure to carry out the procedure before bedtime, so that the child falls asleep better.
• The child should be fed before washing, as this will eliminate food particles that have settled on the mucous membrane of the throat, which can aggravate the inflammatory process. After the session, you should refrain from eating for 1-2 hours.
• Alternation gives the best effect various solutions because each remedy has a specific effect. If it's time to rinse your nose, but there is no ready-made solution, you can rinse the mucous membrane with clean water.
• Washing water ( how to use in pure form, and for the preparation of solutions) it is better to use distilled. In the absence of such, it can be replaced with filtered or boiled water.
• The temperature of the solution should be approximately 37 degrees. Hotter liquids can cause a burn, and colder ones can reduce local immunity.
• Do not prepare formulations for washing for future use. Each time it is necessary to use a fresh, freshly prepared solution.
• The total duration of one procedure should be at least 5 minutes, during which 50 - 100 milliliters of solution should be used.
• When washing, you can not strain your muscles too much, do jerky movements head or sniff the solution too vigorously with the nose. The pressure of the liquid must be moderate, otherwise it can penetrate into the middle ear or paranasal sinuses.

For the preparation of decoctions for washing, the most commonly used:

• Calendula. A solution of calendula has a bactericidal effect, and also reduces inflammation in the tissues of the nose.
• Sage. Disinfects the mucosa and makes the mucous contents looser, as a result of which it is excreted faster.
• Coltsfoot. Stimulates local immunity, which contributes to more quick recovery fabrics.
• St. John's wort. Suppresses activity harmful microorganisms and enhances the barrier function of the nasal mucosa.
• Chamomile. Stops the inflammatory process, and also reduces pain because it has an analgesic effect.
• Oak bark. Due to the enveloping and astringent action, it produces an anesthetic ( anesthetic) Effect.

Products from which you can prepare a solution for washing are:

• Salt ( cookery or sea). Use 2 teaspoons of salt per 250 milliliters of water. Salt solution removes fluid from the tissues, resulting in reduced swelling.
• Soda ( food). A teaspoon in a glass of water. Soda solution promotes the formation alkaline environment, which is unfavorable for pathogenic microorganisms.
• Honey ( natural). The solution is prepared from a teaspoon of honey and a glass of water. Softens mucous membranes and acts as antimicrobial agent. When using honey, you should be careful, as this product often provokes allergies.
• lemon juice ( fresh juice). Due to the large amount of vitamin C, it increases the resistance of tissues to the action of microbes. A solution is prepared from 2 parts of juice and 3 parts of water.

Instillation of the nose with a cold in children

Drinking regimen rules
In order for drinking to bring maximum benefits, certain rules should be followed when preparing and drinking tea.

The rules for the drinking regimen for a runny nose in a child are as follows:

• the daily rate of fluid for a child is determined at the rate of 100 milliliters per 1 kilogram of weight;
• in order not to create a burden on the kidneys, the entire volume of fluid should be evenly distributed throughout the day;
• the drink should not have a pronounced sour or sweet taste;
• the temperature of the drink should be 40 - 45 degrees.

Rules for preparing a single portion ( 250 milliliters) of the drink are as follows:

• To prepare a remedy from medicinal herbs, a teaspoon of raw materials should be poured with water, the temperature of which is not higher than 80 degrees. You need to use tea after 15 - 20 minutes, after it has been infused and cooled.
• If the drink is prepared from fresh fruits or berries, they must be mashed to a pulp and poured with water not hotter than 50 degrees. A tablespoon of fruit or berry mass is taken in a glass of water.
• If juice is indicated in the recipe as the main component, it should be mixed with water in a 1: 1 ratio.

Heat compresses for colds in children

Compress rules
A compress should be made in accordance with a number of rules, non-compliance with which can significantly worsen the condition of the child.

The rules for performing compresses for a cold are as follows:

• The procedure cannot be carried out if the body temperature exceeds 36.6 degrees. Also, you should not make a compress if a runny nose is a symptom of purulent tonsillitis.
• The application should be applied to the area of ​​the bridge of the nose and maxillary sinuses. Also, with a cold, with the help of thermal compresses, the feet are warmed up.
• Compresses are not recommended for children under the age of 2 years.

The types and methods of preparing compresses for a cold in children are as follows:

• Potato. Several potatoes need to be boiled, then mashed from them, to which you should add 2 tablespoons of vegetable oil and 2 - 3 drops of iodine.
• Curd. Fresh granular cottage cheese should be put under a press so that all the liquid is glassed. After that, the cottage cheese must be heated, placed in gauze, formed into a cake and used for a compress.
• Rye. A homogeneous mass should be prepared from rye flour and honey and heated in a water bath. From the resulting dough, you need to form cakes and use to warm the feet and nose.

If a child has a runny nose, how to treat him without a temperature? A runny nose makes it difficult for the baby to breathe, discomfort, therefore, it is worthwhile to promptly take up his treatment. Sometimes it becomes very difficult to cope with annoying and protracted discharge from the nose.

This happens, first of all, because the child’s immunity has not yet been formed (only by the age of 10, the organs of the respiratory system will take their final form). Do not forget that the structure of the nasal cavity of young children and adults is very different, and this must be taken into account when choosing drugs for the treatment of rhinitis in children. Use only special means, which do not include harmful components, will help get rid of this disease.

The first thought of adults when they notice snot in a child is a cold. But not always a runny nose is accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Children under one year old often suffer from a runny nose without fever. Often, a cough is added to the discharge from the nose. But at this age, this is completely normal.

Babies thus clear the airways of mucus and dust particles. When a child is hypothermic, a runny nose can also occur, but it usually passes quickly, one has only to warm up.

Why does a child have a runny nose without fever?

Runny nose in children occurs mainly due to colds caused by viruses. The child's immune system does not yet recognize viral pathogens, unlike bacteria, which it immediately begins to fight. Therefore, with viral infections, the baby's body temperature may not rise for a long time, and if bacteria are present in the body, then an instant increase in temperature occurs.

If you delay the treatment of viral rhinitis, then inflammation of the sinuses is possible - sinusitis.

If a baby has a cold without fever, if measures are not taken in time, the following diseases may develop:

• pharyngitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx, pain and sore throat;
• laryngitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx, pain when swallowing;
• rhinopharyngitis - inflammation of the nasopharynx completely, is a complication of acute rhinitis and pain in the throat;
• tonsillitis - inflammation palatine tonsils(tonsils);
• bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi;
• tracheitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea, etc.

An infection caused by viruses significantly weakens the immune system and the child's body, so there is a great danger that a bacterial infection can also join. In any case, even without an increase in body temperature with a runny nose, the baby needs to be shown to the pediatrician.

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First aid for a child

It is possible to treat a child medicines or folk remedies, the main thing is that they are correctly selected. First, it is worth alleviating the condition of the child in the following ways:

1. Try to give him bed rest. It is better for the child to sit at home for the first couple of days, because early stage diseases will be much easier.
2. Monitor the correct position of the child in bed. Place a pillow under your head and shoulders (at an angle of 45°). This will help keep mucus from collecting in your nose and make it easier for your baby to breathe.
3. It is necessary to give plenty of fluids. Teas with various herbs, lemon, raspberry and currant jam, cranberries. They contain a high amount of vitamin C, which is great for fighting infections and boosting immunity.
4. It is advisable to feed the baby light food. The body does not spend as much effort and energy on digesting diet food as it does on digesting heavy fatty foods. During a cold, the baby needs strength to fight the disease.
5. Give the child warm alkaline mineral water to drink. You can buy it at a pharmacy. Helps to remove mucus from the nose, facilitates the general condition of the body.

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Moisturizing the mucous membranes of the nose

In order for the child's nose to breathe at least a little, it is important to moisten the nasal passages with saline solutions. Without this procedure, the mucus will simply dry out. Solutions are easy to make at home:

• in 200 ml of warm boiled water add 1/4 tbsp. l. table salt and 1 drop of iodine;
• in 500 ml of warm boiled water dissolve 1/2 tbsp. l. sea ​​salt, then filter with gauze;
• in 200 ml of warm boiled water add 1/2 tsp. ordinary salt and soda on the tip of a knife.

The prepared solution is dripped 3-4 drops every 30-60 minutes. For the first time, instillation can bring discomfort, discomfort, sneezing to the baby, but then the nasal mucosa will get used to it.

The saline solution moisturizes the mucous membranes, prevents the formation of crusts, softening them, cleanses the nasal passages of microbes and dust, and makes it easier for the baby to breathe.

To moisturize the nose, you can buy drugs at the pharmacy - "Aquamaris" or "Salin". These drops can be given to infants, they have no contraindications. Ordinary saline solution will also help moisturize and clear the nose.
If in the first hours of the illness you start helping the nose without triggering the illness, then runny nose will pass in several days.

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Medical treatment

Sometimes it is simply impossible to do without the use of vasoconstrictor drugs - nothing helps the child, mucus runs out of the nose, breathing is difficult. The main thing is to choose the right drops. After all, the structure of blood vessels in babies is very different, and the use of drops for adults or exceeding the dosage can lead to bad consequences. It is important that the drops gently and gently affect the baby's mucosa, do not overdry it.

Depending on the active substance and its concentration, vasoconstrictor drugs are divided into 2 types:

1. The active substance is phenylephrine. Means to make breathing easier for flu, colds, allergies, rhinitis and sinusitis:

• "Nazol Baby 0.125%" - you can drip children from a year for no more than 3 days;
• "Polydex with phenylephrine" - nasal spray, children from 2 to 15 years old are allowed to use;
• "Vibrocil" - infants can drip, but not more than 7 days.

1. The active substance is imidazoline (xylometazoline). Drugs reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa and the amount of mucus in rhinitis and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses:

• "Otrivin Baby" - infants are allowed to drip, but not more than 10 days;
• "Nazivin 0.025%" - for the treatment of the common cold in children from 1 year to 6 years, not more than 5 days, there is "Nazivin 0.01%" for children under one year old and "Nazivin 0.05" for children over 6 years old;
• "Xymelin" - drip for children from 2 to 6 years old, no more than 3-5 days.

We must not forget that vasoconstrictors do not cure a runny nose, but temporarily relieve breathing.

Runny nose, nasal congestion - problems that everyone has encountered. Snot can be clear, yellow, green, thick, and accompanied by fever. Symptoms of rhinitis may indicate the presence of allergies, viral, bacterial infections. It is possible to cure a runny nose in a child and restore the calmness of parents with little effort, but this will require attentiveness, patience and consistency.

What is snot in a child

Human body - complex mechanism, and annoying discharge from the nose - first of all, a sign of the active work of all physiological systems organism. With a runny nose, the membranes of the nasal passages actively produce mucus. The result is a snoring or stuffy-nosed baby. Separations may appear in healthy condition- for example, when crying, when excess tears through the tear-nasal canal enter the nasal cavity. The reason may be winter and autumn temperature changes or an allergic rhinitis.

Careful clarification of the symptoms of the disease and timely treatment will not only eliminate unpleasant symptoms, but also improve the health of the child. Constant stuffy and flowing nose in a child leads to a number of unpleasant consequences:

• loss of appetite;
• sleep disturbance;
• memory loss and learning problems;
• reduced activity;
• the risk of developing allergies;
• serious complications of rhinitis: otitis media, bronchitis, sinusitis, etc.

The reasons

How to treat snot for a child depends on the factors that caused rhinitis. The main causes of nasal discharge:

• Physiological coryza in infants. It is caused by an unformed nasopharyngeal mucosa, to alleviate the condition, it is necessary to maintain high humidity.
• bacterial rhinitis. With ARVI, abundant discharge from the nose is one of the mechanisms of the body's fight against viral infections.
• Frequent companion runny nose is an allergy.
• Vasomotor rhinitis is often observed in the first month of recovery from SARS and is characterized by the appearance of snot during temperature changes.
• Atrophic rhinitis is a violation of the structure of the mucosa. Often occurs with long-term use of vasoconstrictor drugs.
• Foreign objects in a child's nose are a common cause of mucous discharge.

yellow snot

Discharge of this color indicates a bacterial inflammation that requires urgent action. The onset of the disease is accompanied by the release of white snot. Allocations acquire yellow due to the death of numerous white blood cells, trying to eliminate foreign microorganisms. If the color intensity of the secretions of purulent snot decreases, then recovery has begun.

thick

In the normal state, when the body is intensively fighting the infection, liquid discharge is characteristic. The composition of normal nasal mucus, in addition to water, includes salt and protein mucin. He possesses antiseptic properties and begins to be more intensively allocated during infections. If there is too much protein, the consistency of the mixture becomes more viscous, sticky. With stagnation of thick mucus and the absence of regular blowing out in the nasal sinuses of the patient, they begin to develop inflammatory processes.

Transparent

Such discharge in a child may not require medical intervention, since a clear liquid may be a physiological reaction to very hot tea or normal teething. There are cases when parental attention is required: allergies and the onset of bacterial or viral rhinitis. If transparent mucus from the nose appeared in a child under one year old, it is imperative to consult a pediatrician who will distinguish a physiological runny nose from SARS.

Greens

If green snot appears in a child's nose, this is an alarming signal that may indicate chronic internal diseases: pneumonia, bronchitis. The infection has already gone far, it is difficult to cope with the forces of the child's body. To treat the baby's nose, you can use the means of traditional and official medicine. If green highlights appear, they cannot be ignored.

When a child with green snot does not have a temperature, this does not mean that he is healthy, although in some cases the process is a symptom of the gradual release of the body from the infection. Self-treatment child in this case is considered negligence, because it can lead to complications. At a temperature above 38º, it is necessary to see a doctor. Often, nasal discharge is accompanied by a cough, which is treated according to its nature (dry or wet).

Liquid

If the discharge from the nose of a child is like water, then this causes a lot of trouble not only for the patient, but also for his parents. Excessively copious discharge is often accompanied by feeling unwell, dizziness, general weakness. Such symptoms:

1. accompanies infectious diseases;
2. caused by allergic rhinitis.

Snot in a child up to a year

Especially dangerous is the occurrence of a runny nose in infancy. Due to the overflow of the nasal cavity with mucus, nasal breathing is blocked in infants, which makes it impossible to suck on the breast and bottle. The fragile immunity of the baby contributes to the formation of a nutrient medium for harmful microorganisms. It should not be ruled out that the discharge is a sign of an allergy.

The treatment of a runny nose, even in older one-year-old children, is complicated by the difficult process of cleaning a small nose. The kid does not know how to blow out the viscous contents of his nasal passages, and he needs to be helped by washing the nasal passages with special devices (suction, pipette). Regular cleansing of the mucous membranes helps to remove harmful microorganisms from them.

In babies, nasal congestion can be caused by birth defects nasal passages or non-congenital polypous formations. Modern surgical methods stop such a runny nose in the shortest possible time. Such operations are routine medical practice and are successful in most cases.

How to cure

It is better to think about how to cure snot in a child at the very beginning of the disease. It can be determined by characteristics. When nasal mucus runs down the back of the throat, the baby swallows more often and asks for water. These manifestations will make you wary caring mother and start immediate treatment.

Pediatricians offer a variety of techniques on how to stop a runny nose. Treatment of snot according to Komarovsky should be accompanied by simple hygiene procedures. It:

1. frequent ventilation;
2. lowering the temperature to 18º;
3. regular air humidification available means;
4. general cleaning: disinfection of objects with a possible accumulation of bacteria, thorough processing of children's dishes, change of bed linen, etc.

The famous Ukrainian doctor Komarovsky does not recommend treating the common cold with antibiotics. by the most effective means for the treatment of the common cold in children under 6 years of age are saline solutions and drugs that reduce swelling of the mucous membranes. The consistent use of these agents helps to remove the mucous secretion, wash out pathogens, preventing secretory stagnation.

For infants, it is recommended to additionally use special aspirators. The modern design of these devices prevents possible damage to the small nose and does not lead to swelling of the mucous membrane; replaceable disposable nozzles allow you not to worry about sterilization.

Runny nose - common problem children and adults, and therefore pharmaceutical companies offer a variety of treatments general action and specially designed for the nose. In general, you can see 5 types of drugs used in the form of nasal drops:

1. Vasoconstrictor - the action of these drugs is based on the narrowing of the vessels under the mucosa, which reduces swelling and reduces mucus formation. It is not recommended to instill drops for more than a week. It is necessary to take into account the probability side effects.
2. Moisturizing drops - help rinse the nose with a low-concentration saline solution.
3. Antiviral drops- affect infections that have settled in the nasal passages. Mainly effective on initial stage.
4. Phytopreparations - neutralize pathogenic microorganisms with the help of essential vegetable oils. Not recommended for babies, possible allergies.
5. Compilers of complex drops know exactly how to quickly cure snot for a child. Preparations of this type are distinguished by a verified composition, which may include antibiotics.

Folk remedies

It’s good if an experienced pediatrician tells you how to quickly get rid of snot in a child. If you find yourself with a small child away from civilization, try using folk remedies for the treatment of a cold:

1. Breast milk put in the baby's nose. Thanks to the contained immunoglobulins, it actively fights infection. Please note that an excessive amount of milk can replenish the nutrient medium for harmful microorganisms and lead to mucosal edema.
2. Fresh kalanchoe juice(dilute 50/50 with water) a few drops in each nostril can stop a runny nose.
3. Home inhalations will help clear and dry the nose. With the lid slightly open, invite the child to breathe under a blanket / towel over a pot of freshly boiled potatoes in their skins or a soda solution. At the same time, carefully control the intensity of the steam and the stability of the dishes with hot liquid.

Prevention

Treatment of snot in children, even with the most modern means, can be delayed, and the disease can become chronic. Prevention will help you:

• general strengthening of the body (charging, hardening);
• regular rinsing procedures with saline solutions;
• room hygiene and proper temperature control.

Video

Cough and runny nose without fever in a child are the main signs of the development of inflammation in the upper respiratory tract. Allergic and infectious agents can provoke pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the respiratory system.

It is possible to determine the most optimal strategy for the treatment of respiratory disease only after an instrumental examination by a pediatrician. Rhinitis and cough are protective and adaptive reactions of the body, which are aimed at removing allergens, mucus and pathogens from the respiratory tract.

Relief of symptoms without determining the causes of their occurrence can lead to inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and the development of complications. That is why before using certain medications, you need to consult a pediatrician.

Causes of the disease

In preschool children, colds are 3 times more common than in adults. According to pediatricians, this is due to the underdevelopment of the immune system and its inability to withstand the onslaught of disease-causing agents. For this reason, during periods of exacerbation of seasonal diseases, children often develop a runny nose, cough, sore throat, muscle weakness, lacrimation, etc.

The main causes of pathological symptoms can be divided into two large groups:

infectious

Rhinitis and constant coughing up of mucus in the absence of fever are clear manifestations of an infectious lesion of the respiratory system. Microbes, fungi or viruses can become provocateurs of pathological processes in the mucous membranes of the laryngopharynx and nose. The most common conditions associated with cough and nasal congestion include:

• flu;
• nasopharyngitis;
• tonsillitis;
• laryngitis;
• cold.

Late treatment of acute respiratory diseases is fraught with the development of sinusitis, sphenoiditis, adenoiditis, etc.

Very often, cough in children occurs as a result of nasal mucus running down the back of the throat. Subsequent irritation of the cough receptors leads to the appearance of a paroxysmal cough. In this case, to eliminate the pathological symptoms, it is enough to eliminate the inflammation directly in the nasal cavity.

allergic

Nasal congestion and cough without fever are the main manifestations of an allergic reaction. Penetrating into the nasal mucosa, allergens cause inflammation, which stimulates the production of a viscous secret. With the current of mucus, dust, dirt, allergens and other foreign elements are evacuated from the nasal canals. Allergies in children can be provoked by:

• second hand smoke;
• dust and dust mites;
• evaporation of household chemicals;
• polluted air;
• plant pollen.

The manifestations of allergies are very similar to the symptoms of a cold, but the methods of treating diseases are fundamentally different.

To eliminate the signs of allergy, it is necessary to eliminate the causal allergen and prescribe antihistamine therapy to the small patient. Timely intake of antiallergic drugs can prevent severe swelling of the mucosa and complications.

It is possible to cure cough and snot without fever in a child faster if the therapeutic regimen is followed. An integrated approach to solving the problem can significantly alleviate the patient's condition and speed up the process of his recovery. During the course of drug therapy, it is recommended:

Cough remedies

How to deal with a cough in a child? Before using any medication, you need to determine the type of cough. It can be dry (unproductive) or wet (productive). In the first case, sputum from the bronchi, trachea and upper respiratory tract is not separated, in the second case it is separated. In this regard, two types of drugs can be used to relieve the symptoms of the disease:

Antitussives

Antitussives suppress the cough reaction and are used only for non-productive coughs. The components of the drugs are aimed at reducing the sensitivity of the corresponding zones in the cerebral cortex or receptors located in the laryngopharyngeal mucosa. They are produced in the form of syrups, tablets, solutions for inhalation, lozenges for resorption, etc. In pediatric practice, for the treatment of acute respiratory infections, the following are usually used:

• "Panatus";
• "Sinekod";
• "Stoptussin";
• "Omnitus";
• "Libexin".

Antitussives are prescribed only by a pediatrician and are used for no more than 3 days in a row.

Expectorants

Expectorants thin the sputum, making it easier to separate from the walls of the respiratory tract. The composition of some drugs additionally includes components that prevent the secretion of mucus and, accordingly, irritation of cough receptors. The use of secretolytic drugs prevents the accumulation of pathological secretions in the lungs, which is fraught with the development of bronchitis and pneumonia.

For the treatment of children, the following types of expectorants are usually used:

• "Fluimucil";
• "Ambrobene";
• "Bromhexine";
• "Linkas";
• "Ascoril".

Expectorants should not be used to treat children under 2 years of age, as they are not yet able to effectively cough up sputum.

Remedies for the common cold

Rhinitis is the discharge of mucous masses from the nasal passages, provoked by inflammation of the soft tissues in the nasal cavity. To improve the well-being of a small patient, it is recommended to use nasal drops and sprays. Depending on the principle of action, the following types of drugs for intranasal administration are distinguished:

• vasoconstrictor ("Evkazolin", "Tizin") - reduce the permeability of blood vessels, thereby eliminating swelling and improving the patency of the nasal canals;
• moisturizing ("Physiomer", "Salin") - reduce swelling, moisturize the mucous membrane and accelerate the evacuation of viscous secretions from the nasal passages;
• antibacterial ("Isofra", "Bioparox") - inhibit the activity of microbes, eliminate purulent inflammation in the nasal cavity;
• antiviral ("Nazoferon", "Grippferon") - destroy viruses, increase local immunity and accelerate tissue healing;
• homeopathic ("Edas-131", "Delufen") - increase local immunity and prevent recurrence of inflammation in the nasal cavity.

Nasal drops based on sea water are the safest, as they practically do not cause adverse reactions and irritation of the mucosa.

Pediatricians do not recommend using vasoconstrictor drops for more than 5 days in a row. They contain substances that negatively affect the structure of the nasopharyngeal mucosa. Abuse of drops is fraught with the development of allergic rhinitis and more serious complications.

The scheme of drug treatment

If the child coughs and "snotty", you need to take care of the correct preparation of the treatment regimen. It should be understood that nasal and cough preparations do not eliminate the true cause of the development of a respiratory disease - an infection. To facilitate the well-being of a small patient and speed up the healing process, you need to use several types of medications at once, namely:

Timely use of pharmacotherapy prevents chronic inflammation and the development of more serious complications, which include sinusitis, sphenoiditis, ethmoiditis, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis, etc.

Results

Cough and rhinitis are classic manifestations of a cold in a child. The absence of subfebrile fever in most cases indicates a lack of resistance to infections. Inadequate and untimely treatment of acute respiratory infections quite often causes the development of side diseases.

It is possible to eliminate undesirable manifestations of the disease by taking local drugs (nasal drops, inhalation solutions) and systemic (cough syrups, tablets) action. Complex therapy ensures the rapid elimination of not only the symptoms of a cold, but also the infection itself. To prevent recurrence of flu or colds, it is recommended to take vitamin-mineral complexes for at least 1-2 weeks after undergoing medical treatment.