DTP vaccination: preparation and reaction of the child after. How to prepare a child for vaccination? On the prevention of post-vaccination complications

The DTP vaccine stands for adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus toxoid, it is a vaccine against three diseases - whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. DTP unlike others preventive vaccinations, is the most reactogenic, that is, it causes: an increase in body temperature, inflammation in the vaccination area, the appearance of an infiltrate, rashes and other allergic reactions. Therefore, parents are interested in the answer to the question of how to avoid negative reactions after DPT, what preventive measures exist. Let's talk about what to do before and after DTP vaccinations.

Before DTP

Preparation for vaccination should begin seven days before the scheduled date. Preparatory measures include compliance with certain conditions that are necessary to ensure positive reaction child for the vaccine.

What not to do before DTP vaccination

On the eve of vaccination it is undesirable:

1. Changing the child's diet, introducing new complementary foods.

2. The use of new drugs.

3. Visiting closed public places with the baby, where he can become infected with a viral infection.

4. Allow hypothermia or overheating of the child, which can also lead to illness.

Before each DPT vaccination, regardless of whether it is the first, second or third, the above recommendations should be followed. In addition, on the day of vaccination it is necessary:

Measure the baby's body temperature;

Vaccination issues in last years cause a lot of controversy, many prefer not to vaccinate or move the vaccination dates on their own, to a later time. The reason for this is simple - parents are afraid of complications, stories about which are replete with the Internet. Unfortunately, most of This information is doubtful, far from the truth and dangerous, and childhood infections that children are vaccinated against can become fatal if the baby becomes infected with them.

If you decide to vaccinate your child, but are worried about complications, these articles are for you. Step by step, we will understand what you need and do not need to do before and after vaccination. How to follow the correct action medical staff and what you need to pay attention to when vaccinated.

The first vaccinations are done even in the maternity hospital - the doctor, assessing the condition of the child, conducts or does not vaccinate. However, usually most questions arise in connection not with maternity hospital vaccinations, but with those that are done after the first month of a baby's life.

So how do you prepare for vaccinations?

I would like to immediately note that there is no need for any special preparation before vaccinations for all children in a row. This means that if your baby is healthy and does not have any chronic pathology, he does not need to be given any medications - neither antihistamines, nor antipyretics, nor any other means. This is sometimes practiced among pediatricians for safety reasons, only, unfortunately, such a general practice of administering drugs gives more backlash. Not only do these drugs have no effect on the strength and intensity post-vaccination reaction and they will not prevent it, but they will also blur the picture of the onset of the disease, if it suddenly arises before vaccination. This will naturally lead to the inoculation of a sick baby and complications. In addition, these drugs burden the liver and kidneys, and can themselves cause a negative reaction - from an allergy to sweet syrups to indigestion. Then again, doctors will delay vaccination or vaccinations will give an unexpected reaction when vaccinated.

In fact, special preparation for vaccination is necessary for children suffering from chronic diseases or allergies, but their preparation and vaccination will be discussed in the second part of the article.

Basic training healthy child to be vaccinated by parents should be:

1. Exclusion of contact with sick children or adults 2-3 days before vaccination, and if possible it is better to generally limit their contact with children for a couple of days. This is justified by the fact that many diseases are contagious already in the incubation period, and a child can become infected from an already sick, but still vigorous baby. By the time of vaccination, your baby will already have an incubation period, and then a complication from vaccination is more likely.

2. Measurement of body temperature, starting about three to five days before vaccination, twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. For children up to a year, values ​​​​up to 37.0-37.2 ° С are considered normal, for older children up to 36.8-37.0 ° С due to increased mobility and activity. However, if you measure the temperature of children in their sleep, it should be no higher than 36.7-36.8 ° C.

3. Do not drastically change the climate, diet and daily routine, do not give new foods, do not go on long trips, on vacation, in a word, do not cause stress in the child's body, which reduces immune defense and can distort the picture of the vaccination reaction.

4. Do not get sick yourself if there are sick family members in the family - the risk that the child will be vaccinated at the incubation stage and give an inadequate reaction is too great.

What does a doctor do?

In order to prevent complications after vaccinations, the correct sequence of actions of the doctor is necessary - first of all, he must ask you about the child's well-being and whether there are any complaints about health and well-being. This will identify contraindications to vaccination (if any) and resolve questions about the need for medication and examinations.

You can not be vaccinated if there are true contraindications - they are indicated in the instructions for vaccines. However, often the contraindications for vaccination turn out to be false, they try to “pity”, “protect” children according to the principle of established foundations and traditions.

In general, contraindications to vaccination can be absolute - then vaccinations can never be given at all during the entire life of the baby. These are usually severe congenital immunodeficiencies. Most of the indications are relative - that is, it is impossible to vaccinate at this stage due to some temporary circumstances - the child is sick or does not tolerate the components of the vaccine and under normal circumstances should not be vaccinated.

There are exceptions to the general rules.

Everyone knows, and we have already talked about it above, that sick people acute infections or having exacerbations chronic infections children at normal conditions cannot be grafted. The vaccination process refers to them at the time when they fully recover or enter the phase of stable remission. However, situations in life are different - when emergency situations, dangerous in terms of infection of this child with serious diseases (for example, through contact with a patient with diphtheria, when bitten by a dog suspected of rabies), vaccination can be allowed for health reasons even during the main illness. For such a child, infection new disease much more dangerous...

What the doctor needs to know.

Be sure to remember and inform the doctor about all manifestations of ill health over the past 3-5 days, whether there was a temperature, whether the child coughed or sneezed. This will help, along with the examination, to suspect the onset of the disease and postpone the vaccination. In addition, it is important to clarify whether the child has a chronic pathology that requires constant or periodic course treatment, if he takes medication, be sure to remind the doctor which ones exactly and in what dose.

The doctor will find out if the child has previously had allergic reactions to food, medicines or other substances, whether seizures or suffocation were noted. In addition, it is necessary to talk about how the previous vaccinations were tolerated - whether there was a feverish reaction, whether the state of health was disturbed.

It is also important to check with your doctor. Whether there was an introduction of blood products or a blood transfusion - this will shift the timing of vaccination, since transfusion and obtaining antibodies with it interferes with the development of one's own immunity.

Then the doctor should carefully examine and feel the child's lymph nodes, look into his mouth and nose, find out how the child urinated and went to the toilet in a big way, how he slept and ate. Only after a thorough examination and questioning, studying the card data and, possibly, analyzes, is permission given for vaccination.

We want to do not in the clinic.

This is your right, vaccination can be carried out in any medical institution that has a license to carry out preventive vaccinations, as well as an office equipped for this and trained personnel. You have the right to choose a vaccine (for a fee, of course) and an immunologist can monitor your child all the time he is vaccinated, develop an individual schedule, taking into account the health of the baby. This, again, will reduce the risk of complications from vaccinations.

How should they be done?

In order to minimize the risks of developing complications during vaccination, certain requirements are imposed for vaccination, which must be observed by both private and public clinics serving the children's population.

Only healthy employees can be vaccinated, as evidenced by their medical books and regular check-ups - even if the nurse is sick a mild cold, it will be replaced with another one. If you came to get vaccinated, and the nurse sits snotty, has skin diseases, injuries on the hands - you have the right to refuse vaccination and even complain to the head of the department.

Vaccination is carried out only with approved and officially registered drugs. Often, parents want to buy the vaccine themselves (for example, imported instead of free domestic), but to be vaccinated at the clinic. You may be denied completely. legal grounds- no one can guarantee the safety and security of the vaccine. After all, you or the pharmacy could store it incorrectly, this is dangerous.

After examining the child and permission to vaccinate, you must sign the consent to the vaccination until your child is 15 years old - then he can decide for himself.

What will the nurse do?

All her actions are regulated and you have the right to control them. First of all, she must:

Always check that the card contains a vaccination permit and a signed consent.

Wash your hands thoroughly and put on sterile gloves.

Get the vaccine strictly from the refrigerator, check the exact name of the vaccine on the drug with what is prescribed by the doctor, check the expiration date of the drug. You can ask her to read the name of the drug aloud, its series and number, expiration date. Also ask her to check the integrity of the ampoule and the absence of pathological inclusions in the vaccine.

The nurse should treat the injection site with an antiseptic - the injection is given to a sitting or lying baby. Specify the place of vaccination - now it is not recommended to give vaccines in the buttocks, only in the thigh or shoulder. So ask before the injection.

After vaccination, she must assess the condition of the child, and make a mark on the map.

By the way, according to the rules, within 30 minutes from the moment of vaccination, children should be on the territory of the hospital (ideally near the treatment room). But our parents either do not know, or deliberately break this rule, and when reactions arise on the way home, help is late. Further observation is carried out for the first three days with the introduction of killed vaccines and with the administration of live vaccines on the 5th and 11th days. They will not necessarily come to you - they can call and inquire about your well-being.

Worth knowing…

To try to minimize the risk of complications, you need to remember the following: important points. Between routine vaccinations and acute illness a child (or an exacerbation of a chronic one) should take at least two weeks to one month from the moment of complete recovery. If doctors rush you to get vaccinated, refuse and wait for the due date. With a slight runny nose without fever, in rare cases, you can get vaccinated within a week after recovery (for example, a flu or polio vaccine). In rare cases, when a child has health characteristics - vaccination can be performed even in a hospital with further close monitoring of the child and his condition - this mainly happens with allergy sufferers during the season of epidemics.

If suddenly…

After vaccination for the introduction of some vaccines, reactions are possible that are not pathological - this is an increase in temperature to 38-38.5 ° C, general malaise and redness with soreness at the injection site. When the temperature rises above 38, you can give any antipyretic drug, which you usually use, give to the child plentiful drink and more rest. If the baby has previously given convulsions to the temperature, it is necessary to give an antipyretic at any increase in temperature. For a while feeling unwell do not go for walks and do not swim yet. You can call your doctor and find out if this reaction to the vaccine is acceptable, as well as what exactly you need to do in this case. Usually, when vaccinated, the temperature is not high and does not last longer than two days.

At the injection site, a reaction may occur from a skin puncture and injection of the drug in the form of induration, soreness and redness, not more than 8 cm in diameter. This is a normal tissue reaction and it lasts up to 3 days. Here's what you can't do for sure - it's putting alcohol and dimexide compresses, warming this place and smearing various ointments, make an iodine grid. If the baby complains of soreness, it is necessary to give him any painkiller - paracetamol or nurofen and do not touch the injection site.

In the second part, we will discuss in detail the nuances of preparing and vaccinating children with various diseases, allergies and lesions nervous system. In addition, we will analyze in detail your actions before and during vaccination:

Preventive vaccinations have been the main way to prevent the development of infectious diseases for several decades. At the same time, vaccination has proved its high efficiency, completely eliminating many dangerous infections. How to prepare a child's body for the introduction of foreign microorganisms? How to reduce the risk of developing vaccination reactions and complications of vaccination? It is these questions that we will consider in the article.

Varieties of vaccinations - a different approach

In total, there are two main goals of vaccination:

• prevention of the spread of infection after its detection;
• prevention of infectious diseases that do not occur at the moment.

Depending on these two goals, two types of vaccination are distinguished:

• extra;
• planned.

Routine vaccine delivery is closely linked to the national immunization calendar - this government document, regulating the type of vaccination and the time of its implementation for each age group population. It is important to note, however, that any routine vaccination can be transferred to more late deadline without harm to health, if there are medical or social testimony(disease of the child, cases of infectious diseases in the family).

Emergency vaccination is associated with cases of infectious outbreaks in the child's place of residence. This may be the detection of cases of diphtheria, poliomyelitis or death of animals from rabies. In such situations, the vaccine is indicated for all children, since the risk of negative effects of the disease is many times greater than the risk of developing complications from vaccination.

General rules for preparing for vaccinations

There are four simple rules, which will help you prepare your child for the next vaccination and reduce the risk of complications and vaccination reactions:

1. Before any vaccination, the child should be carefully examined by a pediatrician. This is necessary to identify possible acute or chronic diseases in the acute stage. Only after that the baby can be vaccinated;
2. If any deviations from the norm are detected, the doctor should prescribe additional methods research or consult about the child with doctors of other specialties;
3. When the temperature rises to 37.5 - 38 ° C, it is necessary to use antipyretics in dosages appropriate for age (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol);
4. 2-3 days before vaccination and within 2-3 days after the vaccine is given, prevent contact of the child with other people. Such a step makes it possible to prevent its infection with infectious agents with almost 100% certainty.

Compliance with such recommendations makes it easier to vaccinate children and prevent the development unwanted effects associated with both the vaccination itself and environmental influences. At the same time, the preparation rules are common for any vaccine - DPT, BCG, against rubella, etc. No special preparatory measures are required.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the use of antiallergic drugs (Fenistil, Suprastin, etc.). Recently, there has been a trend towards their widespread use for all children at the pre-vaccination stage. However, the appointment of these drugs makes sense only in the case of children with allergic background(allergic diathesis, bronchial asthma etc.).

In this case, an antihistamine is chosen on the recommendation of a pediatrician, most often it is Fenistil, which has fewer possible side effects. Children who have never had allergic reactions do not benefit from antihistamines.

Preparation for vaccination of children of different ages

When vaccinating children, the age of the child also plays a certain role in the preparation.

Newborn and baby

The most important recommendation for preparing children for breastfeeding concerns their mother. It is not recommended to introduce new types of products into the diet, as this can cause hypersensitivity baby's body to various allergens. In addition, do not overfeed the child before vaccinating - this can lead to various dyspeptic symptoms (regurgitation, nausea and diarrhea), which can be mistakenly interpreted as a consequence of the vaccination itself.

If the child is on artificial feeding, then 5-7 days before vaccination do not introduce new types of mixtures and slightly reduce the daily amount of feeding.

Vaccination at the age of one and older

A child at the age of one is much stronger than babies. However, by this age, the baby may develop an allergic predisposition to any factors. In this regard, it is necessary to carefully monitor the external reactions of the child to various products and even more so for drugs.

Of great importance at this age is the psychological readiness of children to visit medical institution. It is necessary to talk with him and try to calm the child so that this trip to the clinic is not associated with pain or other negative emotions.

Proper preparation of the child for preventive vaccinations can minimize the risk of vaccination reactions and post-vaccination complications. To follow simple recommendations above, it is necessary every time when preparing a baby for vaccination.

Anton Yatsenko, pediatrician, specially for the site

Useful video

We have already talked about preparing for vaccination and general points in this matter. However, it is necessary to discuss step by step and in detail the actions of doctors and parents during vaccination in order to minimize the risk from the vaccination. AT vaccination calendar made further changes, and as of January 1, 2012, vaccinations are given in the first year at the maternity hospital, and then every month, 3 months, 4.5 months, half a year and a year. In subsequent years, it is 18 months, 20 months, 6 years, 14 years and then already in adulthood.

Before vaccination with the most serious vaccine - DTP (at three months), blood and urine tests are recommended to exclude a sluggish infection or other health abnormalities. If the child has various diseases - neurological, allergic, digestive or cardiac, it is necessary to obtain permission from the specialist observing the baby. And we will talk about the vaccination of children with various diseases in more detail below. Buy at the pharmacy, just in case, antipyretics by age - Cefekon-D in candles, Nurofen or paracetamol, preferably without flavorings and dyes in the composition.

Now we will discuss with you in detail your actions before and after vaccinations, which will help reduce the risk of developing possible complications from child vaccination.

3-4 days before vaccination

If you are scheduled for vaccinations in the near future, it is necessary to protect the child from contact with a large mass of people so that he does not get sick. Refuse, if possible, from visiting guests and their coming to you, trips to public transport and abrupt climate change. Do not give your child new medicines and complementary foods, do not drastically change his daily routine. If your doctor has recommended special training(for example, if the child is allergic) it is necessary to start taking prescribed drugs according to the scheme indicated by the specialist and exactly the drugs that he recommended. Do not replace drugs with their analogues, especially on the advice of a pharmacist - they can give an unexpected effect.

On the day of any vaccination

Do not give your child new foods if he is a baby - do not take new drugs yourself and new food. Accept necessary drugs to prepare for vaccination (if prescribed). Before leaving the house, check if your first-aid kit contains the necessary drugs - antipyretics, in case of a fever. Don't put high hopes on homeopathic remedies(like a viburkol), they cannot effectively bring down the temperature if necessary.

If this is already an adult enough child who understands everything and remembers previous trips to the vaccination office - do not scare him with a vaccination or punish him with it (if you behave badly - let's go for a vaccination!), if the child asks you what they will do to him - do not you need to deceive him, "there is no pain and no fear." The kid will be less worried if you tell him honestly and in a form that is accessible to him about all the upcoming manipulations, and ask him to be brave and be patient.

Before leaving home

Check again if you have taken everything with you. Do you have a passport, a policy and a vaccination certificate, do you know exactly the schedule of the vaccination office, did you take enough money if this is a paid vaccination. Check for water and wet wipes, the baby will need to wash their hands or drink, etc. Take your baby's favorite toy or dummy, rodent or rattle for vaccination.

Vaccination room and clinic

Before vaccination, once again, together with the doctor, check the state of health, if there is a temperature, redness in the throat. Ask the doctor in detail about what kind of vaccination is to be, where and how it will be done, and what reactions can normally be expected. Usually in the doctor's office you sign another and informed consent for vaccination (or this is done by the vaccination sister, but signing the document is mandatory). Feel free to find out and clarify any details - this is your right under the law.

At the moment of injection, you should not worry yourself. Yes, of course, you always feel sorry for your little one more than others, but your nervousness will be transmitted to the baby and because of this it will be more painful for him, he is all tense and worried. Distract the child from contemplating the nurse with a needle in her hands, play with him, talk, sing. We took a toy with you - now it will be very useful. During the injection, let the child be in your arms, where it will be easier for him to endure unpleasant seconds. Let him cry after the injection, do not scold him or persuade him to be brave, do not shame him for crying. You can blow with him on a sore spot or feel sorry for the baby, reassure and praise that he endured everything.

After vaccination

After the child has calmed down and you pulled yourself together, you should not leave the clinic for half an hour - this is the prevention of immediate allergic reactions. You can go out and walk around the clinic itself, or you can wander through the corridors and look at the kids. At this time, watch the child very closely - if he turns pale, shortness of breath appears, or redness and cold sweat on the face, other suspicious symptoms - immediately to the treatment room or to the doctor. If the baby is a baby, you can breastfeed him while you are sitting in the clinic after vaccination - this will help him survive stress and calm down. If the kid is old enough - give him a surprise as a reward for courage and patience, tell a fairy tale, read poetry.

At home, after vaccination

If the baby feels well after vaccination, you can live a normal life, swim, walk and eat as usual, avoiding contact with large quantity of people. if the body temperature rises, give the baby the usual antipyretic at the age dose and put him to sleep.

On the first day of vaccination, monitor the temperature - measuring it 2-3 times a day, preferably in a dream. If the temperature is above 38.5 - give the child an antipyretic and measure the temperature in an hour, for control. You can rub your baby warm water, but not alcohol, vodka or vinegar. If the temperature rises - do not violate the dose of antipyretics indicated on the package - call the doctor and consult about your next steps. Usually the temperature for vaccination is kept for the first 2-3 days. If the doctor has prescribed you other drugs - antiallergic, or the usual medicines for a child, do not forget to take them according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.

If the child was given a Mantoux test, it is advisable not to wet it. Water causes itching, children itch and increase the reaction, but if it gets wet while bathing, just blot it with a cotton napkin and do not touch it. It is not necessary to seal it with a band-aid or bandage.

If a swelling has formed at the injection site - you should not do any compresses, and even more so apply ointments, dimexide or Vishnevsky ointments - this is prohibited. You can give your child nurofen or paracetamol - they will relieve soreness and swelling.

After 5 to 12 days

When vaccinated with a live vaccine - polio, measles, rubella and mumps, reactions may occur in the period from five to twelve days, usually it is easy to eat and barely pronounced signs SARS. But if there are reactions during the inactivated vaccine It's not from vaccines.

In addition, it is worth remembering that if the first vaccination passed without a reaction, this does not cancel its development in the future. The body on the first dose may not yet develop a sufficiently active reaction, and with subsequent injections it intensifies. But usually these reactions fit into the normal course of the vaccine process.

What if the child is not healthy?

There are certain signs by which it is worth suspecting health problems and postponing vaccination, at least until the moment of consultation with a specialist and their resolution. Especially dangerous in terms of the development of complications during vaccination are the neurological problems of the child.

What should parents pay attention to before going for vaccinations?

If there are signs of neurological disease

If the baby has a tense and bulging fontanel, especially in vertical position, dilated veins in the head, unnecessary movements of the tongue and strong regurgitation, changes in tone in the muscles of the legs and arms, tremor of the limbs or chin at rest, sleep disturbances. These signs may indicate the presence of neurological pathologies - especially an increase in intracranial pressure. A sharp increase in the size of the head or spring may indicate hydrocephalus. Similar states require an examination by a neurologist, starting from 1-3 months and a decision on the issue of vaccination. If necessary, an ultrasound of the head and additional studies are performed.

Many doctors are afraid to vaccinate children with neurological pathologies, fearing to exacerbate the manifestations of the disease in the post-vaccination period, but this is a wrong position. Infection with the infection against which the vaccine is given is much more dangerous for the neurological health of the child. So, whooping cough in children with neurological problems causes convulsions and coma with brain damage. Of course, vaccination is carried out only against the background of medical preparation and under the cover of drugs - but it is dangerous and not right to completely refuse vaccination.

How are these children prepared for vaccination?

Vaccination is carried out after a course of diuretic, sedative and other drugs, and against the background of vaccination they are taken again. At an attack febrile seizures vaccination is carried out no earlier than a month from the moment of the attack, before and after vaccination are taken anticonvulsants if convulsions were on the background high temperature- All vaccinations can be done. If, against a low background, up to 38 ° C, the pertussis component is removed from the DPT, the remaining vaccinations can be done. With a tendency to convulsions, even without an increase in temperature after vaccination, the child is given an antipyretic.

If a child suffers from epilepsy, he is vaccinated only without whooping cough, and not earlier than one month after the last attack. And in severe epilepsy, vaccinations can be canceled altogether until stabilization. In children with genetic and congenital anomalies nervous system there are no contraindications to vaccination if they do not progress. They are vaccinated against the background of antihistamines and antipyretics.

If the child is allergic

In the presence of allergies, vaccinations must be done no earlier than a month from the moment the exacerbation stops, and preparation for vaccination is extremely important - a week before it and a week after it, the introduction of new products is canceled, and contact with potential allergens is excluded. Before and after vaccination are prescribed antihistamines, and if the child is constantly taking treatment, they coordinate the preparation with taking the drugs.

If the baby is often sick

In such children, usually against the background of vaccination, colds or diseases of the upper respiratory tract can worsen or develop. This is due to the peculiarity of the functioning immune system and her maturity. Such babies for prevention respiratory infections interferon preparations, vitamins and restorative agents, immunomodulators are prescribed, and against the background of preparation during remission, vaccinations are given.

If the child has chronic pathologies other organs - endocrine, renal, cardiovascular or digestive system, they are vaccinated with the permission of a specialist. This is usually done no earlier than a month after the exacerbation subsides, usually under the guise of anti-relapse therapy and with persistent normalization of blood and urine tests.

Such a complex system makes it possible to greatly reduce the risk of possible complications of vaccination and to carry out vaccinations as soon as possible.

When preparing a child for vaccination, parents have a rather serious mission - to ensure compliance with all the requirements and conditions for preparation described above.

Children and adults need vaccinations, how in effective means fight dangerous infectious diseases. One of the very first vaccinations given to a child is DTP, which represents vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus. All three infectious diseases are serious and potentially dangerous to humans, because, even with the most modern and highly effective antibacterial drugs, the percentage of deaths is very high. Besides, severe forms infections can lead to developmental disorders and disability of a person from childhood.

Deciphering the DTP vaccination and the types of vaccines used

• Pentaxim - DTP + against polio + hemophilic infection;
• Bubo - M - diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B;
• Tetracoccus - DTP + against polio;
• Tritanrix-HB - DTP + against hepatitis B.

• ADS (according to the international nomenclature DT) is a vaccine against tetanus and diphtheria. Today, domestic ADS and imported D.T.Vax are used in our country;
• ADT-m (dT) is a tetanus and diphtheria vaccine given to children over 6 years of age and adults. In Russia, domestic ADS-m and imported Imovax D.T.Adyult are used;
• AC (international nomenclature T) - tetanus vaccine;
• AD–m (d) – diphtheria vaccine.

Should I get vaccinated with DTP?

Of course, the question "should I get vaccinated with DTP?" can be set in different ways. Someone believes that vaccinations are not needed in principle, someone believes that this particular vaccine is very dangerous, and causes severe consequences in the form of neurological pathologies in a child, and someone wants to know if it is possible to vaccinate a baby at this particular point in time.

If a person has decided not to vaccinate at all, then naturally he does not need DTP. If you think that the DTP vaccine is harmful, and contains a lot of components that put too much stress on the child's body, then this is not so. The human body is able to safely transfer several components of the vaccine against various infections at once. What matters here is not their quantity, but compatibility. Therefore, the DTP vaccine, developed in the 40s of the XX century, became a kind of revolutionary achievement when it was possible to place the vaccine against three infections in one vial. And from this point of view, combination drug- this is a decrease in the number of trips to the clinic, and only one injection instead of three.

It is certainly necessary to be vaccinated with DTP, but you need to carefully examine the child and obtain admission to vaccination - then the risk of complications is minimal. According to a World Health Organization report, the most common causes the development of complications for DPT vaccination is ignoring medical contraindications, incorrect administration and spoiled drug. All these reasons are quite capable of being eliminated, and you can safely make an important vaccination.

Parents who doubt the advisability of immunization can be reminded of the statistics of Russia before the start of vaccination (until the 1950s). Approximately 20% of children suffered from diphtheria, of which half died. Tetanus - even more dangerous infection, infant mortality from which is almost 85% of cases. In the world today, approximately 250,000 people die from tetanus every year in countries where they are not vaccinated. And absolutely all children had whooping cough before the start of mass immunization. However, you should be aware that the DPT vaccine is the most difficult to tolerate of all those included in national calendar. Therefore, vaccination, of course, is not a gift from God, but it is necessary.

DPT vaccination - preparation, procedure, side effects, complications - Video

DPT vaccination for adults

How many DTP vaccinations are there, and when are they given?

Then children are revaccinated at 6 - 7 years old, and at 14. Thus, each child receives 6 DTP vaccinations. After the last immunization at the age of 14, it is necessary to revaccinate every 10 years, that is, at 24, 34, 44, 54, 64, etc.

Vaccination Schedule

Interval between vaccinations

If the time has come to do another DTP vaccination, and the child is sick, or there are any other reasons why vaccination cannot be done, then it is postponed. You can postpone vaccination for a fairly long period of time, if necessary. But the vaccine should be given as soon as it can be done (for example, the child will recover, etc.).

If one or two doses of DTP were delivered, and the next vaccination had to be postponed, then when returning to vaccination, it is not necessary to start it again - you just need to continue the interrupted chain. In other words, if there is one DTP vaccination, then two more doses must be delivered at an interval of 30 to 45 days, and one a year from the last. If there are two DPT vaccinations, then simply put the last, third, and a year later from it - the fourth. Then vaccinations are given according to the schedule, that is, at 6-7 years old, and at 14.

First DPT at 3 months

To minimize the risk of reactions, the child must be healthy at the time of the vaccine. The greatest danger is the presence of thymomegaly (increased thymus), in which DTP can cause severe reactions and complications.

The first DTP shot can be given with any vaccine. You can use domestic, or imported - Tetrakok and Infanrix. DTP and Tetracoccus cause post-vaccination reactions (not complications!) in about 1/3 of children, while Infanrix, on the contrary, is very easily tolerated. Therefore, if possible, it is better to put Infanrix.

Second DPT

The reaction to the second DPT can be much stronger than the first. This should not be afraid, but be mentally prepared. Such a reaction of the child's body is not a sign of pathology. The fact is that the body, as a result of the first vaccination, met with the components of microbes, for which it developed a certain amount of antibodies, and the second "date" with the same microorganisms causes a stronger response. In most children, the strongest reaction is observed precisely on the second DTP.

If the child missed the second DPT for any reason, then it should be delivered as soon as possible, as soon as possible. In this case, it will be considered the second, and not the first, because, even with a delay and violation of the vaccination schedule, there is no need to cross out everything done and start over.

If the child had a strong reaction to the first DPT vaccination, then it is better to make the second one with another vaccine with less reactogenicity - Infanrix, or just administer DTP. The main component of the DTP vaccination that causes reactions is pertussis microbe cells, and diphtheria and tetanus toxins are easily tolerated. That is why, in the presence of a strong reaction to DTP, it is recommended to administer only ADS containing antitetanus and antidiphtheria components.

Third DTP

Some children respond most strongly to the third rather than the second. DTP vaccine. A strong reaction is not a pathology, as is the case with the second vaccination. If the previous two injections of DTP were delivered with one vaccine, and for the third one for some reason it is impossible to get it, but there is another drug, then it is better to get vaccinated rather than postpone.

Where are they vaccinated?

Do not administer the DTP vaccine in the buttock, as there is a high risk of getting into blood vessel or sciatic nerve. In addition, there is a rather large layer of subcutaneous fat on the buttocks, and the needle may not reach the muscles, then the drug will be injected incorrectly, and the drug will not work. desired action. In other words, DTP vaccination in the buttock should not be done. In addition, international studies have shown that the best production of antibodies by the body develops precisely when the vaccine is injected into the thigh. Based on all these data, the World Health Organization recommends administering the DTP vaccine in the thigh.

Contraindications

In this case, the child cannot be vaccinated in principle.

If there are neurological symptoms or seizures due to fever, children can be vaccinated with a vaccine that does not contain a pertussis component, that is, ATP. Until recovery, children with leukemia, as well as pregnant and lactating women, are not vaccinated. A temporary medical exemption from vaccination is given to children against the background of an exacerbation of diathesis, who are vaccinated after achieving remission of the disease and normalizing the condition.

False contraindications for DPT vaccination are as follows:

• perinatal encephalopathy;
• prematurity;
• allergies in relatives;
• convulsions in relatives;
• severe reactions to the introduction of DTP in relatives.

The introduction of the DTP vaccine is contraindicated only in people who have had an allergic or neurological reaction in the past to this drug.

Before DTP vaccination - preparation methods

• the child must be completely healthy at the time of vaccination;
• the child must be hungry;
• the child must poop;
• the child should not be dressed too hot.

A bump after DTP can form when the vaccine has not entered the muscle, but the subcutaneous adipose tissue. There are much fewer vessels in the fatty layer, the rate of absorption of the vaccine is also sharply reduced, and as a result, a long-lasting lump is formed. You can try Troxevasin or Aescusan ointments to increase blood circulation and speed up the absorption of the drug, which will lead to the resorption of the bump. Can a bump also form if the vaccine was administered without observing the rules of asepsis? and dirt got into the injection site. In this case, the bump is inflammatory process, pus forms inside it, which must be released and the wound treated.

Redness after DPT. it's the same normal phenomenon, since a weak inflammatory reaction develops at the injection site, which is always characterized by the formation of redness. If the child is no longer bothered, do nothing. As the drug dissolves inflammation will pass of course, and the redness will also go away.
Pain after DPT. Pain at the injection site is also due to inflammatory reaction, which can be expressed stronger or weaker, depending on individual characteristics child. Do not force the baby to endure pain, give him analgin, apply ice to the injection site. If the pain does not go away for a long time, see a doctor.

Cough after DPT. Some children may develop a cough during the day in response to the DTP vaccine if they have chronic diseases respiratory tract. This is due to the body's reaction to the pertussis component. However given state does not require special treatment and clears up on its own within a few days. If the cough develops a day or several days after vaccination, then there is a typical situation when healthy child"caught" an infection in the clinic.

Complications

• severe allergies (anaphylactic shock, urticaria, angioedema, etc.);
• convulsions on the background normal temperature;
• encephalopathy (neurological symptoms);

At present, the relationship between the development of encephalopathies and DPT vaccination is not considered scientifically proven, since it was not possible to identify any specific properties of vaccines that can cause similar phenomena. The conducted experiments on animals also did not reveal a connection between DTP vaccination and the formation neurological disorders. Scientists and vaccinologists believe that DPT is a kind of provocation, during which an increase in temperature simply leads to a clear manifestation of hitherto hidden disorders.

The development of short-term encephalopathy in children after DPT vaccination causes a pertussis component, which has a strong irritating effect on the meninges. However, the presence of convulsions against the background of normal temperature, twitching, nodding, or impaired consciousness is a contraindication to further administration of the DTP vaccine.